WO2021003768A1 - 基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村基层洪涝预警方法 - Google Patents

基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村基层洪涝预警方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2021003768A1
WO2021003768A1 PCT/CN2019/096811 CN2019096811W WO2021003768A1 WO 2021003768 A1 WO2021003768 A1 WO 2021003768A1 CN 2019096811 W CN2019096811 W CN 2019096811W WO 2021003768 A1 WO2021003768 A1 WO 2021003768A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rainfall
upstream
station
previous
basin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/096811
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶磊
彭勇
辛卓航
张弛
吴晨晨
Original Assignee
大连理工大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 大连理工大学 filed Critical 大连理工大学
Publication of WO2021003768A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021003768A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/10Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to calamitous events, e.g. tornados or earthquakes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/185Signal analysis techniques for reducing or preventing false alarms or for enhancing the reliability of the system
    • G08B29/188Data fusion; cooperative systems, e.g. voting among different detectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of rural flood control forecasting and early warning, and relates to a rural flood grading early warning method based on early rainfall and upstream and downstream topological relationships.
  • the critical rainfall method has become the most widely used early warning method at the grassroots level in China.
  • the relevant domestic research results and literature mostly focus on the theoretical estimation of the critical rainfall threshold, but due to the limitation of data, in practice, the static critical rainfall threshold for the entire basin is often calculated by statistical induction.
  • the judgment method is to give an early warning to the area associated with the rainfall station when the accumulated actual rainfall of a certain rainfall station in the basin is greater than the threshold.
  • the present invention provides a rural flood early warning method based on early rainfall and upstream and downstream topological relationships.
  • a rural grassroots flood warning method based on the previous rainfall and the topological relationship between upstream and downstream.
  • the data required by this method are: real-time rainfall information, historical rainfall information, and two-level warning indicators provided by the Hydrological Bureau-dangerous rainfall T 1 and warning rainfall T 2 (the corresponding warning levels are immediate transfer and ready to transfer respectively), the topological relationship between the upstream and downstream of the rainfall station.
  • This method focuses on the changes in the ability of the basin to resist floods after each rainfall, and analyzes the disaster transmission relationship and cumulative effects between the upstream and downstream in the basin. Furthermore, it dynamically analyzes the dangerous situation of the study area and realizes the early warning of rainfall considering multiple factors. Specifically include the following steps:
  • the first step is the analysis of the correlation between the rainfall station and the warning object
  • the actual rainfall measured by the rainfall station is the basis for judging whether or not to warn.
  • the early warning targets of rain gauge stations are the towns and villages within the control range, so it is necessary to establish an association relationship between rain gauge stations and towns according to their geographic locations. That is, towns and villages carry out flood warning based on the rainfall value of the associated rainfall station.
  • the following second and third steps further explain how to perform actual rainfall correction.
  • the second step is to consider the impact of previous rainfall and make a correction to the measured rainfall
  • the previous influence rainfall index P a is used to represent the soil moisture content index of the basin, reflecting the degree of dryness and wetness of the basin.
  • the measured rainfall will be corrected for the first time based on the value of P a .
  • the pre-impact rainfall is an indicator that reflects the saturation of the watershed soil before a rain.
  • the previous rainfall impact index P a is related to the previous rainfall and the time interval between the previous rainfall and the current rainfall. To reflect the influence of the above two factors, the following formula (1) ⁇ (6) daily model experience recurrence formula is used to calculate .
  • I m is the maximum water storage capacity (or maximum initial loss value) in the basin, which can be regarded as the maximum loss in the process of rainfall and runoff generation in a very dry basin. Since the production flow of the previous rainfall is relatively small, it has little effect on the calculation of the previous impact rainfall. When the production flow is ignored, P a is calculated according to the continuous calculation formula of formula (5), namely:
  • P a is also desired the antecedent rainfall index; but when the calculated P a ⁇ I m, I m places as the value P a, i.e. that, after precipitation of P The loss is no longer supplemented, and all runoff R is formed.
  • I m ⁇ 60 ⁇ 120mm.
  • the maximum storage amount of rainfall antecedent index P a basin and I m, P may be corrected for the measured rainfall, to be considered early rainfall rainfall P 1, the principle of the following equation (7) - (8):
  • I m is the maximum water storage capacity of the basin, which is calculated by selecting the data of a large rainfall after a long period of drought and no rain and reaching the runoff generation of the whole basin; P is the measured rainfall; K 1 is less than or equal to 1 Rainfall reduction coefficient, determine its value according to (8); a is the full extent coefficient of the basin less than 1; b, c are the interval values of the rainfall reduction coefficient under different previous rainfall index P a , the parameter is determined by the basin rainstorm Runoff characteristics decision: select the typical floods in recent years and the early warning effect after adopting the static rainfall threshold, analyze the relationship between P a and I m in the watershed in the case of empty reports, and the parameter settings should be able to maximize the determined rainfall reduction coefficient Reduce empty reports.
  • the third step is to take into account the influence of the upstream and downstream topological relationships, and make a second correction to the measured rainfall
  • the present invention uses DEM to extract regional river network information and divide sub-basin basins, and on this basis, establish a topological relationship that can completely reflect the hydrogeographic elements of the basin.
  • P 1 obtained in the second step is corrected twice.
  • the rain gauge stations are first classified according to the upstream and downstream topology and the location of the sub-basin where the rain gauge station is located.
  • 1 means no rainfall station upstream of the station
  • 2 means there is a first-level rainfall station upstream of the station
  • 3 means there is a second-level rainfall station upstream of the station Rainfall station (According to the actual situation, only the influence of level 2 upstream rainfall station is considered).
  • no secondary correction will be performed, and an early warning will be directly based on P 1 and the critical rainfall threshold.
  • P 1 is corrected twice by formula (9) to obtain the corrected rainfall P 2 that takes into account the previous rainfall and the topological relationship between upstream and downstream, and finally based on P 2 and the critical rainfall threshold.
  • Early warning an immediate diversion warning is issued when the amount of rain exceeds the dangerous level, and a pre-shift warning is issued when the amount exceeds the warning level and the amount is lower than the dangerous rainfall, and vice versa.
  • K 2 is a rainfall correction coefficient greater than or equal to 1.
  • the value of K 2 depends on the number, number, and degree of upstream rainfall stations exceeding the rainfall threshold. The value is calculated according to formula (10) and Table 1.
  • N represents the number of upstream rainfall stations exceeding the threshold
  • S represents the number of upstream rainfall stations exceeding the threshold
  • E represents the degree of upstream rainfall stations exceeding the threshold.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: since the calculation of the original static early warning index is based on the basic full state of the basin after continuous rainfall during the flood season, that is, the water storage capacity of the basin may basically reach saturation and the river flow basically reach The flood discharge capacity and water storage project are basically full, which is inconsistent with the actual previous conditions of some floods. In addition, due to the confluence and evolution of the river, heavy rainfall occurs in the upstream. Although the rainfall intensity in the downstream does not reach the warning index, floods may also occur. The current warning does not take this into consideration. After analyzing the above two problems, it is easy to cause the problem of false reports and omissions in practice.
  • the present invention comprehensively considers the influence of the previous impact on rainfall and the upstream and downstream topological relationship, improves the accuracy of rural grassroots flood warning, greatly reduces the problem of inaccurate warning, and provides scientific and practical warning information for grassroots flood control. To assist the decision-making of the grassroots flood control agencies.
  • Figure 1 is the schematic diagram of the upstream and downstream topology of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is the overall calculation framework of the early warning model of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a topological structure diagram of a rainfall station in Kangping County according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention proposes a topological relationship based on previous rainfall and upstream and downstream.
  • Kangping County is under the jurisdiction of Shenyang City, Liaoning province. It is located in the Liaohe River Basin, between 42°31 ⁇ to 43°02′ north latitude and 122°45′ to 123°37′ east longitude, with an area of 2175km 2 , a registered population of 349,100, and 12 jurisdictions Township, 1 new urban area, 1 development zone.
  • Kangping County is located in the Liaohe River Basin, with a continental climate in the northern temperate zone, with an average annual temperature of 6.9°C.
  • Kangping County has the Liao River, which is 527km long in Kangping and has a drainage area of 89.2km 2 .
  • the second step is to make a correction to the measured rainfall considering the influence of the previous rainfall
  • the pre-impact rainfall index P a can be calculated based on the actual rainfall that began on April 1 of that year.
  • the correction principle is as shown in the above equations (7)-(8). According to the early warning effect, the basin fullness coefficient a is 0.75, and the rainfall reduction coefficient interval value b is 0.85. c is taken as 0.80. According to the decision of the grassroots flood control workers to grasp the risk, the parameter rainfall reduction coefficient K 1 in formula (8) is taken as 1.0, 0.90 and 0.80 respectively.
  • the third step is to make a second correction to the measured rainfall considering the influence of the upstream and downstream topological relationship
  • the rainfall stations are first classified according to the upstream and downstream topology and the location of the sub-basin where the rainfall stations are located. As shown in Table 3, Dongguan Street Station, Fangjiatun Town Government Station, Shajintai Mongolian Manchu Township Government Station, Haoguantun Township Government Station, Dongsheng Manchu Mongolian Township Government Station, Zhangqiang Township Government Station, Erniuzuokou The 8 stations upstream of the town government station, Erniusuokou town government station, and Xiaochengzi Town Nine-Year Consistency Primary School are no rainfall stations. There is no need to perform topological relationship correction, and directly based on the rainfall after the first step. Early warning analysis is sufficient.
  • Xiguantun Mongol Manchu Township Government Station and Liushutun Mongol Manchu Township Government Station have first-class rainfall stations upstream. It is necessary to adjust whether downstream warnings are required according to the upstream rainfall stations exceeding dangerous rainfall or warning rainfall.
  • the threshold level is related and determined according to Table 1; otherwise, no correction is made.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村基层洪涝预警方法。该方法考虑每场降雨过后流域抵御洪灾能力的变化,并分析流域内上下游间的灾害传递关系及累积效应;进而动态分析研究区域的危险情况,实现考虑多因素的雨量预警。该方法首先,根据地理位置建立雨量站与乡镇间的关联关系,乡镇根据所关联的雨量站降雨值进行洪涝预警,其次,考虑前期降雨的影响对实测降雨进行一次校正,最后,考虑上下游拓扑关系的影响,对实测降雨进行二次校正。该方法综合考虑了前期影响雨量和上下游拓扑关系的影响,提高了农村基层洪涝预警精确度,减轻了预警不准确问题,为基层防汛提供了兼具科学性和实用性的预警信息,以辅佐基层防汛机构决策。

Description

基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村基层洪涝预警方法 技术领域
本发明属于农村基层防汛预报预警技术领域,涉及一种基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村洪涝分级预警方法。
背景技术
近年来,通过国家防汛抗旱指挥系统、山洪灾害防治、中小河流水文监测等项目建设,我国大江大河、中小河流部分地区防汛预报预警能力显著提高。防汛预报预警措施主要集中在山洪灾害频繁发生的山丘区,使得项目建设区的防汛预报预警能力显著增强。与此相对,位于平原区的农村基层地区存在自动监测站点少、历史和实时数据获取与共享受限;监测预警平台不完善、监测预警能力不足;预警及群测群防设施设备短缺、主动预警及防御能力低下的问题,成为防汛预报预警建设的薄弱地区。因此对于普遍缺乏长系列历史实测资料的农村地区,如何基于现有监测站点与资料进行洪水预报预警是基层防汛中面临的一个突出问题。
由于能够被大众普遍理解和接受且较为实用化,更重要的则是出于延长预见期的考虑,临界雨量法已成为国内基层预警运用的最为广泛的一种预警方法。一般通过比较预报降雨量与临界雨量,预测灾害发生与否及其严重程度,并据此发布警报信息。目前国内相关研究成果和文献大多针对临界雨量阈值的理论推求,而由于受资料限制,实际中往往是通过统计归纳法推求针对整个流域的静态临界雨量的阈值。判别方法是当流域内的某雨量站累计实测降雨大于该阈值时,即对该雨量站关联的区域进行预警。由于此阈值的计算基于流域基本蓄满状态,未考虑前期降雨影响,也未能体现出区域特征,导致空报漏报情况较为严重。本发明成果着眼于农村基层防汛问题,依托辽宁省2018年度农村基层防汛预报预警体系二期工程建设项目支持,在预警技术中综合考虑了前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的影响,兼顾实用化与精细化。本成果为我国农村基层防汛预警预报提供了重要借鉴。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村洪涝预警方法。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村基层洪涝预警方法,该方法所需的数据为:实时降雨信息、历史降雨信息、水文局所提供的两级预警指标——危险雨量T 1和警戒雨量T 2(其对应的预警等级分别为立即转移和准备转移)、雨量站上下游拓扑关系。本方法重点考虑每场降雨过后流域抵御洪灾能力的变化,并分析流域内上下游间的灾害传递关系及累积效应。进而动态分析研究区域的危险情况,实现考虑多因素的雨量预警。具体包括以下步骤:
第一步,雨量站与预警对象关联分析
在实际防洪过程中,雨量站实测降雨是判断是否预警的根本。雨量站的预警对象为控制范围内的乡镇,因此需根据两者的地理位置建立雨量站与乡镇间的关联关系。即乡镇根据所关联的雨量站降雨值进行洪涝预警。以下第二、三步进一步阐述如何进行实测降雨校正。
第二步,考虑前期降雨的影响,对实测降雨进行一次校正
为考虑前期降雨对流域地域洪灾能力的影响,采用前期影响雨量指数P a代表流域的土壤含水量指标,反映流域的干湿程度。本步骤将基于P a值大小对实测降雨进行第一次校正。
2.1)基于历史日降雨信息计算P a
前期影响雨量是反映一场雨之前流域土壤蓄水量饱和程度的一个指标,前期影响雨量越大,流域土壤饱和度越高,则产生洪灾的临界雨量就会越小,反之则越大。前期影响雨量指数P a与前期降雨量大小和前次降雨与本次降雨的时间间隔相关,为反映上述两个因素的影响,采用下式(1)~(6)日模型经验递推公式计算。
如前一时段无雨,即P=0,则:
P a,t=kP a,t-1            (1)
如前一时段有雨,即P t-1>0时,但未产流,则:
P a,t=k(P a,t-1+P t-1)         (2)
如前一时段有雨且产流R t-1,则:
P a,t=k(P a,t-1+P t-1-R t-1)         (3)
式中:P a,t-1、P a,t分别为前一个时段和本时段的前期影响雨量;P t-1为前一个时段降雨量;k为土壤含水量衰减系数,计算公式如下:
Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-000001
式中:
Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-000002
为月平均蒸发能力;I m为流域最大蓄水量(或最大初损值),可看做流域十分干旱情况下降雨产流过程中的最大损失。由于前期降雨量的产流量相对较小,对前期影响雨量的计算影响不大,当忽略其产流量时,P a按公式(5)连续计算式计算,即:
Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-000003
将公式(5)各行逐一代入得到:
P a,t=KP t-1+K 2P t-2+…+K n(P a,t-n+P t-n)       (6)
其中,公式(6)为向前倒数n天的一次计算式,一般从久旱无雨(P a初始值=0)开始。计算中需要以I m对P a计算值进行控制。当计算的P a<I m时,P a即为所求的前期影响雨量指数;但当计算的P a≥I m时,则以I m作为P a值,即认为,此后的降雨量P不再补充损失量,全部形成径流R。通常情况I m≈60~120mm。
2.2)基于P a对实测降雨进行一次校正
根据前期影响雨量指数P a和流域最大蓄水量I m,可对实测降雨量P进行校正,得到考虑前期影响雨量的降雨P 1,原则如下式(7)-(8)所示:
P 1=K 1P              (7)
Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-000004
式中:I m为流域最大蓄水量,通过选择久旱不雨后一场降雨量大且达到全流域产流的资料进行水量平衡计算得到;P为实测降雨;K 1为小于等于1的降雨折减系数,根据(8)确定其值的大小;a为小于1的流域蓄满程度系数;b,c为不同前期影响雨量指数P a下的降雨折减系数区间值,参数由流域暴雨径流特性决定:选取近年来的典型洪水和采取静态降雨阈值后的预警效果,分析空报情况下P a和该流域I m的关系,参数的设置应能使所确定的降雨折减系数最大限度减少空报。
第三步,考虑上下游拓扑关系的影响,对实测降雨进行二次校正
为考虑上游灾情对研究区域的影响,本发明利用DEM提取区域河网信息、进行子流域划分,在此基础上建立能完整反映流域水文地貌要素拓扑关系。通过考虑上游降雨对研究雨量站及其预警对象的灾害传递效应,对第二步得到的P 1进行二次校正。
实际计算中,根据上下游拓扑结构和雨量站所处子流域位置先对雨量站进行分级,1代表该站上游无雨量站,2代表该站上游有一级雨量站,3代表该站上游有2级雨量站(根据实 际情况仅考虑2级上游雨量站影响)。当上游无雨量站或上游实测降雨低于警戒雨量,将不进行二次校正,直接基于P 1与临界雨量阈值大小进行预警。反之,当上游雨量站超过临界雨量阈值时,通过公式(9)对P 1进行二次校正,得到综合考虑前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的校正雨量P 2,最终基于P 2与临界雨量阈值大小进行预警:超过危险雨量发布立即转移预警,超过警戒雨量低于危险雨量发布准备转移预警,反之安全。
P 2=K 2P 1              (9)
式中:K 2为大于等于1的降雨校正系数。K 2值的大小取决于上游超过雨量阈值雨量站的级数、数目、程度,按照公式(10)和表1进行取值计算。
Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-000005
式中:N代表上游超过阈值雨量站的数目,S代表上游超过阈值的雨量站的级数,E代表上游超过阈值雨量站的程度。
表1 降雨校正系数K 2计算取值表
Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-000006
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:由于原有的静态预警指标的计算基于汛期连续降雨后流域基本蓄满状态,即此时流域蓄水容量可能基本达到饱和、河道流量基本达到行洪能力、蓄水工程基本蓄满,与部分洪水实际的前期情况不符。此外于河道产汇流及演进作用,上游发生强降雨,下游虽然降雨强度未达预警指标,也有可能产生洪涝灾害,现有预警没有考虑这一点。经分析上述两个问题易导致实际中出现空报漏报问题。本发明综合考虑了前期影响雨量和上下游拓扑关系的影响,提高了农村基层洪涝预警精确度,极大地减轻了预警不准确问题,为基层防汛提供了兼具科学性和实用性的预警信息,以辅佐基层防汛机构决策。
附图说明
图1是本发明上下游拓扑关系意图;
图2是本发明预警模型总体计算思路框架;
图3是本发明实施方案康平县雨量站拓扑结构图;
具体实施方式
本发明在现有静态临界雨量的基础上,提出了一种基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系。
下面通过实施例,并结合附图,对本发明做进一步说明。
康平县隶属辽宁省沈阳市,地处辽河流域,北纬42°31ˊ至43°02′,东经122°45′至123°37′之间,区域面积2175km 2,户籍人口34.91万人,辖12个乡镇、1个新城区、1个开发区。康平县地处辽河流域,属北温带大陆气候,年平均气温6.9℃。康平县有辽河,在康平境内长度为527km,流域面积89.2km 2。除辽河外,有另外7条属辽河水系,7条河流为公河、蚂螂河、东马莲河、八家子河、西马莲河、李家河、利民河。以该区为实例进行农村基层洪涝预警研究,具体步骤如下:
(1)雨量站与预警对象关联分析
根据康平县各雨量站地理位置,建立了各雨量站与控制乡镇的关联关系,结果如下:
表2 雨量站与乡镇关联表
站名 控制乡镇
东关街道 东关屯镇东关街道
方家屯镇政府 方家屯镇
西关屯蒙古族满族乡政府 西关屯蒙古族满族乡
沙金台蒙古族满族乡政府 沙金台蒙古族满族乡
柳树屯蒙古族满族乡政府 柳树屯蒙古族满族乡
郝官屯镇政府 郝官屯镇
东升满族蒙古族乡政府 东升满族蒙古族乡
张强镇政府 张强镇
二牛所口镇政府 二牛所口镇
小城子镇九年一贯制小学 小城子镇
第二步,考虑前期降雨的影响对实测降雨进行一次校正
由于康平县历史长系列资料较为充足,考虑汛期集中在7-8月,可基于当年4月1日起始的实测降雨计算前期影响雨量指数P a。康平县流域最大蓄水量I m为流域最大蓄水量(或最大初损值),可看做流域十分干旱情况下降雨产流过程中的最大损失,基于历史实测降雨径流数据判断出I m=93mm。基于此可对实测累计降雨量P进行校正,校正原则如上式(7)-(8)所示,根据前期预警效果,流域蓄满程度系数a取0.75,降雨折减系数区间值b取0.85,c取0.80,根据基层防汛工作者决策对风险的把握,对于公式(8)中的参数降雨折减系数K 1分别取1.0、0.90、0.80。
第三步,考虑上下游拓扑关系的影响对实测降雨进行二次校正
实际预警分析中,根据上下游拓扑结构和雨量站所处子流域位置先对雨量站进行分级。如表3所示,其中东关街道站、方家屯镇政府站、沙金台蒙古族满族乡政府站、郝官屯镇政府站、东升满族蒙古族乡政府站、张强镇政府站、二牛所口镇政府站、二牛所口镇政府站、小城子镇九年一贯制小学这个8个站上游无雨量站,无需进行拓扑关系校正,直接根据第一步前期影响雨量影响校正后的降雨量进行预警分析即可。西关屯蒙古族满族乡政府站和柳树屯蒙古族满族乡政府站上游有一级雨量站,需要根据上游雨量站超过危险雨量或警戒雨量情况来调整下游是否需要进行预警。对于西关屯蒙古族满族乡政府站,上游有方家屯镇政府站和东升满族蒙古族乡政府站两个站,且两个站处于同一级别。如果这两个站中任一个站的实测雨量值超过预警雨量,得到校正后降雨为P 2=K 2P 1,K 2=SE=1.05E,E值大小与实测降雨超阈值程度相关,按照表1确定;如果这两个站的实测雨量值都超过预警雨量,得到校正后降雨为P 2=K 2P 1(K 2=S 2E 2≈1.1E 2,E值大小与实测降雨超阈值程度相关,按照表1确定;否则不进行校正。
表3 康平县雨量站拓扑结构关系
Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-000007
以上所述实施例仅表达本发明的实施方式,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利的范围的限制,应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村基层洪涝预警方法,该方法所需的数据为:实时降雨信息、历史降雨信息、水文局所提供的两级预警指标——危险雨量T 1和警戒雨量T 2、雨量站上下游拓扑关系;该方法重点考虑每场降雨过后流域抵御洪灾能力的变化,并分析流域内上下游间的灾害传递关系及累积效应,进而动态分析研究区域的危险情况,实现考虑多因素的雨量预警;其特征在于,所述的农村基层洪涝预警方法包括以下步骤:
    第一步,雨量站与预警对象关联分析
    根据地理位置建立雨量站与乡镇间的关联关系,乡镇根据所关联的雨量站降雨值进行洪涝预警,并采用第二、三步进行实测降雨校正;
    第二步,考虑前期降雨的影响,对实测降雨进行一次校正
    为考虑前期降雨对流域地域洪灾能力的影响,采用前期影响雨量指数P a代表流域的土壤含水量指标,反映流域的干湿程度;基于P a值大小对实测降雨进行第一次校正;
    2.1)基于历史日降雨信息计算P a
    前期影响雨量指数P a与前期降雨量大小和前次降雨与本次降雨的时间间隔相关,为反映上述两个因素的影响,采用下式(1)~(6)日模型经验递推公式计算P a值;
    2.2)基于P a对实测降雨进行一次校正
    根据前期影响雨量指数P a和流域最大蓄水量I m,对实测降雨量P进行校正,得到考虑前期影响雨量的降雨P 1,如下式(7)-(8)所示:
    P 1=K 1P           (7)
    Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-100001
    式中:I m为流域最大蓄水量,通过选择久旱不雨后一场降雨量大且达到全流域产流的资料进行水量平衡计算得到;P为实测降雨;K 1为小于等于1的降雨折减系数,根据(8)确定其值的大小;a为小于1的流域蓄满程度系数;b,c为不同前期影响雨量指数P a下的降雨折减系数区间值,参数由流域暴雨径流特性决定:选取近年来的典型洪水和采取静态降雨阈值后的预警效果,分析空报情况下P a和该流域I m的关系,参数的设置应能使所确定的降雨折减系数最大限度减少空报;
    第三步,考虑上下游拓扑关系的影响,对实测降雨进行二次校正
    为考虑上游灾情对研究区域的影响,利用DEM提取区域河网信息、进行子流域划分,在此基础上建立能完整反映流域水文地貌要素拓扑关系;通过考虑上游降雨对研究雨量站及 其预警对象的灾害传递效应,对第二步得到的P 1进行二次校正;
    实际计算中,根据上下游拓扑结构和雨量站所处子流域位置先对雨量站进行分级,1代表该站上游无雨量站,2代表该站上游有一级雨量站,3代表该站上游有2级雨量站,且根据实际情况仅考虑2级上游雨量站影响;当上游无雨量站或上游实测降雨低于警戒雨量,将不进行二次校正,直接基于P 1与临界雨量阈值大小进行预警;反之,当上游雨量站超过临界雨量阈值时,通过公式(9)对P 1进行二次校正,得到综合考虑前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的校正雨量P 2,最终基于P 2与临界雨量阈值大小进行预警:超过危险雨量发布立即转移预警,超过警戒雨量低于危险雨量发布准备转移预警,反之安全;
    P 2=K 2P 1         (9)
    式中:K 2为大于等于1的降雨校正系数;K 2值的大小取决于上游超过雨量阈值雨量站的级数、数目、程度,按照公式(10)和表1进行取值计算;
    Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-100002
    式中:N代表上游超过阈值雨量站的数目,S代表上游超过阈值的雨量站的级数,E代表上游超过阈值雨量站的程度;
    表1 降雨校正系数K 2计算取值表
    Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-100004
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村基层洪涝预警方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2.1)中采用下式(1)~(6)日模型经验递推公式计算P a值,具体为:
    如前一时段无雨,即P=0,则:
    P a,t=kP a,t-1             (1)
    如前一时段有雨,即P t-1>0时,但未产流,则:
    P a,t=k(P a,t-1+P t-1)             (2)
    如前一时段有雨且产流R t-1,则:
    P a,t=k(P a,t-1+P t-1-R t-1)             (3)
    式中:P a,t-1、P a,t分别为前一个时段和本时段的前期影响雨量;P t-1为前一个时段降雨量;k为土壤含水量衰减系数,计算公式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-100005
    式中:
    Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-100006
    为月平均蒸发能力;I m为流域最大蓄水量或最大初损值;由于前期降雨量的产流量相对较小,对前期影响雨量的计算影响不大,当忽略其产流量时,P a按公式(5)连续计算式计算,即:
    Figure PCTCN2019096811-appb-100007
    由公式(5)得到:
    P a,t=KP t-1+K 2P t-2+…+K n(P a,t-n+P t-n)             (6)
    其中,公式(6)为向前倒数n天的一次计算式,从久旱无雨即P a初始值=0开始;计算中需要以I m对P a计算值进行控制;当计算的P a<I m时,P a即为所求的前期影响雨量指数;但当计算的P a≥I m时,以I m作为P a值,此后降雨量P不再补充损失量,全部形成径流R。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村基层洪涝预警方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2.1)中I m为60~120mm。
PCT/CN2019/096811 2019-07-08 2019-07-19 基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村基层洪涝预警方法 WO2021003768A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910610158.3 2019-07-08
CN201910610158.3A CN110428586B (zh) 2019-07-08 2019-07-08 基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村基层洪涝预警方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021003768A1 true WO2021003768A1 (zh) 2021-01-14

Family

ID=68410364

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2019/096811 WO2021003768A1 (zh) 2019-07-08 2019-07-19 基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村基层洪涝预警方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN110428586B (zh)
WO (1) WO2021003768A1 (zh)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113034853A (zh) * 2021-03-02 2021-06-25 成都正和德能风险管理咨询有限公司 一种洪水预报预警分析方法及系统
CN113192294A (zh) * 2021-04-09 2021-07-30 山东建筑大学 一种水位监测预警摄像头数据处理方法
CN113284025A (zh) * 2021-05-14 2021-08-20 北京中地华安环境工程有限公司 洪水预警方法和洪水预警装置
CN113569438A (zh) * 2021-06-04 2021-10-29 郑州大学 基于多源降雨融合和实时校正的城市洪涝模型构建方法
CN113593191A (zh) * 2021-08-10 2021-11-02 安徽嘉拓信息科技有限公司 一种基于大数据的可视化城市内涝监测预警系统
CN113722924A (zh) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-30 长江水利委员会长江科学院 一种小流域地面雨量站密度的确定方法
CN114023049A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-02-08 西安理工大学 一种山洪灾害预警指标检验复核方法及系统
CN114491978A (zh) * 2022-01-04 2022-05-13 三峡大学 基于时变参数水文不确定性处理器的日模型实时预报方法
CN114662318A (zh) * 2022-03-25 2022-06-24 江西省水利科学院 一种基于数据挖掘的山洪灾害监测站网布设方法及系统
CN114727463A (zh) * 2022-04-20 2022-07-08 北京金石视觉数字科技有限公司 一种基于智慧城市物联系统的灯光控制方法及系统
CN115600047A (zh) * 2022-12-12 2023-01-13 北京慧图科技(集团)股份有限公司(Cn) 一种基于栅格分析的小流域面平均降雨量测算方法和系统
CN116010795A (zh) * 2023-03-17 2023-04-25 河海大学 基于图像特征和深度学习的相似场次降雨模式库构建方法
CN116362419A (zh) * 2023-05-31 2023-06-30 聊城市科慧市政工程设计院有限公司 一种城市防洪预警系统及方法
CN116362551A (zh) * 2023-05-31 2023-06-30 江西省水利科学院(江西省大坝安全管理中心、江西省水资源管理中心) 一种评估洪涝灾害风险等级的方法
CN116682237A (zh) * 2023-08-03 2023-09-01 南通午未连海科技有限公司 一种基于人工智能的智能防汛预警方法及平台
CN116757898A (zh) * 2023-08-21 2023-09-15 中国环境监测总站 一种基于预测比对的汛期污染强度核算方法及系统
CN117057616A (zh) * 2023-10-11 2023-11-14 安徽金海迪尔信息技术有限责任公司 基于数字孪生的水利监测方法及系统

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112116785B (zh) * 2020-08-21 2022-08-19 中国瑞林工程技术股份有限公司 一种基于强降雨气象预报下尾矿库灾害预警方法及装置
CN112506994B (zh) * 2020-12-07 2021-10-08 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 一种电力设备洪涝隐患点监测预警方法及相关装置
CN117172997B (zh) * 2023-11-03 2024-01-26 长江三峡集团实业发展(北京)有限公司 一种防洪预警方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102169617A (zh) * 2011-04-15 2011-08-31 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 一种雨量资料短缺地区的泥石流预警方法
CN104881960A (zh) * 2015-05-05 2015-09-02 北京国信华源科技有限公司 一种多要素监测一体化预警系统及方法
JP2016216989A (ja) * 2015-05-19 2016-12-22 株式会社東芝 災害監視システムおよび災害監視装置
CN106803223A (zh) * 2017-01-17 2017-06-06 中国水利水电科学研究院 一种基于多态系统理论的山洪灾害风险评价方法
CN106845116A (zh) * 2017-01-23 2017-06-13 中国水利水电科学研究院 一种河系的洪水预报系统
CN108446436A (zh) * 2018-02-08 2018-08-24 广州地理研究所 暴雨洪水非线性模型雨水损失参数的空间分布预警方法
CN108831118A (zh) * 2018-08-17 2018-11-16 成都远向电子有限公司 一种用于小流域山洪入户预警系统
CN109242336A (zh) * 2018-09-28 2019-01-18 郑州大学 多情景模式下山洪灾害临界雨量预警方法
CN109671248A (zh) * 2018-12-12 2019-04-23 河北省水利水电勘测设计研究院 基于防灾对象的山洪灾害预警方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8011905B2 (en) * 2005-11-17 2011-09-06 Novartis Ag Surgical cassette
CN106447078B (zh) * 2016-08-29 2019-05-31 河海大学 保障河口供水安全的水利工程智能调控系统及调控方法
CN106845771B (zh) * 2016-12-16 2018-12-21 中国水利水电科学研究院 一种基于前期雨量优选参数的洪水预报方法
CN107730151B (zh) * 2017-11-21 2021-07-23 中国水利水电科学研究院 一种基于概念性水文模型的流域设计洪水推求方法
KR102009574B1 (ko) * 2017-12-01 2019-08-09 부산대학교 산학협력단 하천에서의 홍수범람 대응 관리 방법 및 하천에서의 홍수범람 대응 관리 시스템
CN108154270A (zh) * 2017-12-25 2018-06-12 广州地理研究所 中小流域洪水特征对变化环境的响应模型构建方法
CN108304668B (zh) * 2018-02-11 2021-07-09 河海大学 一种结合水文过程数据和历史先验数据的洪水预测方法
CN109345777B (zh) * 2018-10-10 2021-10-22 李潇 基于陡坡汇流和断面流量计算的山洪泥石流预警方法和系统
CN109754025B (zh) * 2019-02-02 2019-11-26 中国水利水电科学研究院 结合水文模拟和连续遥感影像无资料小水库参数识别方法

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102169617A (zh) * 2011-04-15 2011-08-31 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 一种雨量资料短缺地区的泥石流预警方法
CN104881960A (zh) * 2015-05-05 2015-09-02 北京国信华源科技有限公司 一种多要素监测一体化预警系统及方法
JP2016216989A (ja) * 2015-05-19 2016-12-22 株式会社東芝 災害監視システムおよび災害監視装置
CN106803223A (zh) * 2017-01-17 2017-06-06 中国水利水电科学研究院 一种基于多态系统理论的山洪灾害风险评价方法
CN106845116A (zh) * 2017-01-23 2017-06-13 中国水利水电科学研究院 一种河系的洪水预报系统
CN108446436A (zh) * 2018-02-08 2018-08-24 广州地理研究所 暴雨洪水非线性模型雨水损失参数的空间分布预警方法
CN108831118A (zh) * 2018-08-17 2018-11-16 成都远向电子有限公司 一种用于小流域山洪入户预警系统
CN109242336A (zh) * 2018-09-28 2019-01-18 郑州大学 多情景模式下山洪灾害临界雨量预警方法
CN109671248A (zh) * 2018-12-12 2019-04-23 河北省水利水电勘测设计研究院 基于防灾对象的山洪灾害预警方法

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113034853B (zh) * 2021-03-02 2023-10-17 成都正和德能风险管理咨询有限公司 一种洪水预报预警分析方法及系统
CN113034853A (zh) * 2021-03-02 2021-06-25 成都正和德能风险管理咨询有限公司 一种洪水预报预警分析方法及系统
CN113192294A (zh) * 2021-04-09 2021-07-30 山东建筑大学 一种水位监测预警摄像头数据处理方法
CN113284025A (zh) * 2021-05-14 2021-08-20 北京中地华安环境工程有限公司 洪水预警方法和洪水预警装置
CN113284025B (zh) * 2021-05-14 2023-11-21 北京中地华安环境工程有限公司 洪水预警方法和洪水预警装置
CN113569438A (zh) * 2021-06-04 2021-10-29 郑州大学 基于多源降雨融合和实时校正的城市洪涝模型构建方法
CN113569438B (zh) * 2021-06-04 2024-02-02 郑州大学 基于多源降雨融合和实时校正的城市洪涝模型构建方法
CN113593191A (zh) * 2021-08-10 2021-11-02 安徽嘉拓信息科技有限公司 一种基于大数据的可视化城市内涝监测预警系统
CN113722924A (zh) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-30 长江水利委员会长江科学院 一种小流域地面雨量站密度的确定方法
CN113722924B (zh) * 2021-09-07 2023-06-13 长江水利委员会长江科学院 一种小流域地面雨量站密度的确定方法
CN114023049A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-02-08 西安理工大学 一种山洪灾害预警指标检验复核方法及系统
CN114491978A (zh) * 2022-01-04 2022-05-13 三峡大学 基于时变参数水文不确定性处理器的日模型实时预报方法
CN114491978B (zh) * 2022-01-04 2024-04-19 三峡大学 基于时变参数水文不确定性处理器的日模型实时预报方法
CN114662318A (zh) * 2022-03-25 2022-06-24 江西省水利科学院 一种基于数据挖掘的山洪灾害监测站网布设方法及系统
CN114727463B (zh) * 2022-04-20 2023-04-07 北京金石视觉数字科技有限公司 一种基于智慧城市物联系统的灯光控制方法及系统
CN114727463A (zh) * 2022-04-20 2022-07-08 北京金石视觉数字科技有限公司 一种基于智慧城市物联系统的灯光控制方法及系统
CN115600047A (zh) * 2022-12-12 2023-01-13 北京慧图科技(集团)股份有限公司(Cn) 一种基于栅格分析的小流域面平均降雨量测算方法和系统
CN116010795A (zh) * 2023-03-17 2023-04-25 河海大学 基于图像特征和深度学习的相似场次降雨模式库构建方法
CN116362419A (zh) * 2023-05-31 2023-06-30 聊城市科慧市政工程设计院有限公司 一种城市防洪预警系统及方法
CN116362551B (zh) * 2023-05-31 2023-08-08 江西省水利科学院(江西省大坝安全管理中心、江西省水资源管理中心) 一种评估洪涝灾害风险等级的方法
CN116362419B (zh) * 2023-05-31 2023-08-04 聊城市科慧市政工程设计院有限公司 一种城市防洪预警系统及方法
CN116362551A (zh) * 2023-05-31 2023-06-30 江西省水利科学院(江西省大坝安全管理中心、江西省水资源管理中心) 一种评估洪涝灾害风险等级的方法
CN116682237A (zh) * 2023-08-03 2023-09-01 南通午未连海科技有限公司 一种基于人工智能的智能防汛预警方法及平台
CN116682237B (zh) * 2023-08-03 2023-10-20 南通午未连海科技有限公司 一种基于人工智能的智能防汛预警方法及平台
CN116757898A (zh) * 2023-08-21 2023-09-15 中国环境监测总站 一种基于预测比对的汛期污染强度核算方法及系统
CN116757898B (zh) * 2023-08-21 2023-11-14 中国环境监测总站 一种基于预测比对的汛期污染强度核算方法及系统
CN117057616A (zh) * 2023-10-11 2023-11-14 安徽金海迪尔信息技术有限责任公司 基于数字孪生的水利监测方法及系统
CN117057616B (zh) * 2023-10-11 2023-12-26 安徽金海迪尔信息技术有限责任公司 基于数字孪生的水利监测方法及系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110428586A (zh) 2019-11-08
CN110428586B (zh) 2021-01-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2021003768A1 (zh) 基于前期降雨和上下游拓扑关系的农村基层洪涝预警方法
CN107316095B (zh) 一种耦合多源数据的区域气象干旱等级预测方法
CN113610264B (zh) 一种精细化电网台风洪涝灾害预测系统
CN112329257B (zh) 适用于山区小流域暴雨山洪洪水预报预警的水文模型分段筛选方法
CN105335603B (zh) 一种度量引水灌溉地区干旱程度的方法
CN104008277A (zh) 耦合分布式水文模型和联合水分亏缺指数的旱情评估方法
CN105894116A (zh) 一种流域梯级水库与蓄滞洪区联合调度方法
CN112506994B (zh) 一种电力设备洪涝隐患点监测预警方法及相关装置
CN107085658B (zh) 一种山洪灾害成灾时间确定方法
CN109902395B (zh) 基于降雨径流响应的实时累积雨量暴雨山洪预警方法
CN104462774A (zh) 基于水箱模型的城市道路及低洼地区积水预报方法
CN110274656B (zh) 一种城市内河水位预报预警方法
CN115169069A (zh) 基于大数据的城市内涝预测方法
Ramly et al. Flood estimation for SMART control operation using integrated radar rainfall input with the HEC-HMS model
Plavšić et al. Floods in the Sava River basin in May 2014
CN111680886A (zh) 一种内涝风险预测方法及其系统
CN112528563B (zh) 一种基于svm算法的城市内涝预警方法
CN113836807A (zh) 一种基于熵值法和长短期记忆神经网络的河湖生态流量预报预警方法
Gao et al. Hydrologic Impact of Urbanization on Catchment and River System Downstream from Taihu Lake
Venkatcharyulu Flood and drought analysis of Godavari sub Basin based on Precipitation Index
KR102654405B1 (ko) 하천 홍수 예·경보 프레임워크 기반 홍수 예측 시스템 및 방법
Kwak A study for the target water level of the dam for flood control
Butts et al. Flood forecasting for the upper and middle Odra River basin
Waqar et al. Flow regime vulnerability over transboundary rivers in Himalayas region; a case study of the Neelum River Pakistan
Na et al. Variation of Temperature and Precipitation in Urban Agglomeration and Prevention Suggestion of Waterlogging in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 19937044

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 19937044

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1