WO2021000262A1 - 一种基站天线 - Google Patents

一种基站天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021000262A1
WO2021000262A1 PCT/CN2019/094411 CN2019094411W WO2021000262A1 WO 2021000262 A1 WO2021000262 A1 WO 2021000262A1 CN 2019094411 W CN2019094411 W CN 2019094411W WO 2021000262 A1 WO2021000262 A1 WO 2021000262A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base station
station antenna
radio frequency
substrate
calibration module
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/094411
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩洪娟
岳月华
Original Assignee
瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司 filed Critical 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2019/094411 priority Critical patent/WO2021000262A1/zh
Priority to CN201910605976.4A priority patent/CN110247198A/zh
Priority to US16/990,969 priority patent/US11158934B2/en
Publication of WO2021000262A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021000262A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
    • H01Q3/2611—Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling
    • H01Q3/2617—Array of identical elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/35—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using two or more simultaneously fed points

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a base station antenna.
  • Large-scale array antennas are the key technology of 5G communication.
  • Multiple antenna units form a 1 ⁇ 2 or 1 ⁇ 3 sub-array base station antenna through a power division network, and use beamforming technology to form multiple beams to serve different users, reducing the number of users. Interfere with each other.
  • the present invention provides a base station antenna, aiming at better 5G signal transmission.
  • the present invention provides a base station antenna, the base station antenna includes a plurality of radiating element arrays and a plurality of feed modules and calibration modules arranged at the front end of the radiating element array;
  • Each of the radiation element arrays includes several radiation elements
  • Each of the feed modules includes a power division network and a radio frequency inlet which are sequentially arranged at the front end of a radiating element array, and the power division network is used to distribute the input power of the radio frequency inlet to each of the radiating element arrays.
  • the radiation unit ;
  • the calibration module includes a number of directional couplers and a combiner arranged at the front end of the directional coupler, and each of the directional couplers uses the connection end of the radio frequency inlet as the coupler input end to connect with the directional coupler.
  • the connecting end of the router is a coupling end, and the calibration module is used to monitor and compare the signal amplitude and phase of each radio frequency inlet.
  • each directional coupler is connected to the input end of the corresponding power division network.
  • each directional coupler is matched through a 50 ohm resistor.
  • the combiner includes a combined output port, a plurality of combined input ports connected to the coupling ends of the directional couplers, and a multiplexer connecting the combined output port and each of the combined input ports.
  • Level combiner is a commonality of the combiner.
  • the power feeding module and the calibration module are integrated on a circuit board;
  • the circuit board includes a power division network signal line layer, a first substrate, a first ground layer, a second substrate, a calibration module signal line layer, a third substrate, and a second ground layer that are sequentially stacked.
  • the power division network signal line layer, the first substrate and the first ground layer are formed on a double-sided PCB board, and the calibration module signal line layer, the third substrate and the second The ground layer is formed on another double-sided PCB board, and the second substrate is an adhesive board.
  • it includes 64 radio frequency inlets and 6-stage combiners.
  • the first substrate is provided with a first metal via
  • the power division network signal line layer is electrically connected to the calibration module signal line layer through the first metal via.
  • the base station antenna provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the base station antenna is provided with a number of radiating element arrays and a number of feed modules and calibration modules arranged at the front end of the radiating element array.
  • each radiating unit array includes several radiating units; each feeding module includes a power division network and a radio frequency inlet which are sequentially arranged at the front end of a radiating unit array, and the power division network is used to distribute the input power of the radio frequency inlet to the radiation.
  • the radiating unit of the unit array; the calibration module includes a number of directional couplers and a combiner at the front end of the directional coupler. The connection end is the coupling end, and the calibration module is used to monitor and compare the signal amplitude and phase of each radio frequency inlet.
  • the calibration module By using the calibration module to monitor and compare the signal amplitude and phase of each radio frequency entrance, to ensure that the input signal at the antenna input end has the same amplitude and phase distribution, achieve beamforming and the calculation accuracy of signal arrival azimuth, and meet the communication requirements of 5G.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a base station antenna provided by the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the circuit board
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feed module formed on the circuit board
  • Figure 5 is a logic diagram of the adaptation of the feed module and the calibration module
  • Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure corresponding to a radiating element array of a base station antenna
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a circuit board corresponding to a radiating element array of a base station antenna.
  • the present invention provides a base station antenna 100.
  • the base station antenna 100 includes a plurality of radiating element arrays 10 and a plurality of feeding modules 30 and calibration modules 40 arranged at the front end of the radiating element array 10.
  • the power feeding module 30 and the calibration module 40 are integrated on a circuit board 50.
  • the circuit board 50 includes a power division network signal line layer 501, a first substrate 502, a first ground layer 503, a second substrate 504, a calibration module signal line layer 505, a third substrate 506, and a second ground layer 507 that are sequentially stacked.
  • the power division network signal line layer 501, the first substrate 502 and the first ground layer 503 are formed on a double-sided PCB board; the calibration module signal line layer 504, the third substrate 505 and the second ground layer 504 are formed on the other double Surface PCB board, the second substrate 504 is an adhesive board.
  • the power feeding module 30 is formed on the power division network signal line layer 501, and the calibration module 40 is formed on the calibration module signal line layer 504.
  • the first substrate 502 is provided with a first metal via 5021, and the power division network signal line layer 501 is electrically connected to the calibration module signal line layer 504 through the first metal via 5021 hole.
  • each radiation unit array 10 includes several radiation units 101.
  • Each feed module 30 includes a power division network 301 and a radio frequency inlet 302 which are sequentially arranged at the front end of a radiation unit array 10.
  • the output end of the power division network 301 is electrically connected to the radiation unit 101 for distributing the input power of the radio frequency inlet 302 to each radiation unit 101 of the radiation unit array 10.
  • the first substrate 502 is provided with a plug hole 5023 corresponding to a plurality of radiating units 101.
  • the radiating unit 101 is plugged into the plug hole 5023 and is electrically connected to the first ground layer 503 through the plug hole 5023.
  • the calibration module 40 includes a number of directional couplers 403 and a combiner 401 at the front end of the directional coupler 403.
  • the directional coupler 403 includes a coupler input terminal 406 and a coupling terminal 409.
  • the coupler input end 406 of the directional coupler 403 is electrically connected to the corresponding radio frequency inlet 302, that is, each directional coupler 403 is electrically connected to a radio frequency inlet 302, and the connection end with the radio frequency inlet 302 is the coupler input
  • the coupling end 409 of each directional coupler 403 is correspondingly electrically connected to a combiner 401, that is, the connection end of the directional coupler 403 with the combiner 401 is the coupling end 409.
  • the calibration module 40 is used to monitor and compare the signal amplitude and phase of each radio frequency inlet 302.
  • the directional coupler 403 further includes a through terminal 407 and an isolation terminal 408, wherein the through terminal 407 of each directional coupler 403 is connected to the power division input terminal 303 of the corresponding power division network 301.
  • the isolation end 408 of each directional coupler 403 is matched by a resistor, and the resistance of the resistor can be set as required, for example, 50 ohms.
  • the combiner 401 includes a combined output port 406, a number of combined input ports 407 connected to the coupling ends 409 of each directional coupler 403, and connected to the combined output port 406 and each combined input port 407.
  • the multi-stage combiner 408 is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the base station antenna 100 includes 64 radio frequency inlets 302 and a 6-stage combiner.
  • the base station antenna 100 includes 32 radiating element arrays 10, and each radiating element array 10 includes two radio frequency entrances 302.
  • each radiating element array The directional couplers corresponding to the two RF inlets of 10 are cascaded through a 1-level combiner 4081, and every two cascaded 1-level combiners 4081 form a first sub-level, and pass through a 2-level combiner 4082 is cascaded with the first-stage combiner 4081 of the first sub-stage. Every two first sub-stages form a second sub-stage, which is cascaded with a 2-stage combiner 4082 of the second sub-stage through a 3-stage combiner 4083.
  • Every two second sub-stages form a third sub-stage, which is cascaded with the 3-stage combiner 4083 of the third sub-stage through a 4-stage combiner 4084.
  • Every two third sub-levels form a fourth sub-level, which is cascaded with the 3-level combiner 4083 of the third sub-level through a 4-level combiner 4084.
  • Every two fourth sub-stages form a fifth sub-stage, which is cascaded with the 4-stage combiner 4084 of the fourth sub-stage through a 5-stage combiner 4085.
  • Every two fifth sub-levels form a sixth sub-level, which is cascaded with the fifth-level combiner 4085 of the fifth sub-level through a 6-level combiner 4086. Therefore, 32 radiating unit levels 10 are required Cascade output is performed through a 6-stage combiner, as shown in Figure 4-6.
  • the base station antenna provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the base station antenna is provided with a number of radiating element arrays and a number of feed modules and calibration modules arranged at the front end of the radiating element array.
  • each radiating unit array includes several radiating units; each feeding module includes a power division network and a radio frequency inlet which are sequentially arranged at the front end of a radiating unit array, and the power division network is used to distribute the input power of the radio frequency inlet to the radiation.
  • Each radiating unit of the unit array; the calibration module includes a number of directional couplers and a combiner at the front end of the directional coupler.
  • Each directional coupler uses the connection end with the radio frequency inlet as the coupler input end to connect with the combiner The connection end is the coupling end, and the calibration module is used to monitor and compare the signal amplitude and phase of each radio frequency inlet.
  • the calibration module By using the calibration module to monitor and compare the signal amplitude and phase of each radio frequency entrance, to ensure that the input signal at the antenna input end has the same amplitude and phase distribution, achieve beamforming and the calculation accuracy of signal arrival azimuth, and meet the communication requirements of 5G.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种基站天线，所述基站天线包括所述基站天线包括若干辐射单元阵列以及设于所述辐射单元阵列前端的若干馈电模块和校准模块；每个所述辐射单元阵列包括若干个辐射单元；每个所述馈电模块包括依次设于一所述辐射单元阵列前端的功分网络和射频入口，所述功分网络用于将所述射频入口的输入功率分配至该辐射单元阵列的各所述辐射单元；所述校准模块包括若干定向耦合器和设于所述定向耦合器前端的合路器，每个所述定向耦合器以与所述射频入口的连接端为耦合器输入端，以与所述合路器的连接端为耦合端，所述校准模块用于监测对比各所述射频入口的信号幅度和相位。

Description

一种基站天线 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，特别涉及一种基站天线。
 背景技术
大规模阵列天线作为5G通信的关键技术，多个天线单元通过功分网络组成1×2或1×3的子阵的基站天线，并通过波束成形技术形成多个波束服务不同用户，减少用户间相互干扰。
因此，如何实现为了获得良好的波束赋形效果，确保天线输入端的输入信号具有相同的幅相分布，以实现波束赋形和信号到达方位角的计算精度，满足5G的通信需求，是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
 技术问题
本发明提供了一种基站天线，旨在较优的5G信号传输。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种基站天线，所述基站天线包括若干辐射单元阵列以及设于所述辐射单元阵列前端的若干馈电模块和校准模块；
每个所述辐射单元阵列包括若干个辐射单元；
每个所述馈电模块包括依次设于一所述辐射单元阵列前端的功分网络和射频入口，所述功分网络用于将所述射频入口的输入功率分配至该辐射单元阵列的各所述辐射单元；
所述校准模块包括若干定向耦合器和设于所述定向耦合器前端的合路器，每个所述定向耦合器以与所述射频入口的连接端为耦合器输入端，以与所述合路器的连接端为耦合端，所述校准模块用于监测对比各所述射频入口的信号幅度和相位。
优选地，每个所述定向耦合器的直通端与对应的所述功分网络的输入端连通。
优选地，每个所述定向耦合器的隔离端通过50欧姆电阻匹配。
优选地，所述合路器包括一合路输出端口、若干与所述各定向耦合器的耦合端连接的合路输入端口以及连接所述合路输出端口和各所述合路输入端口的多级合路器。
优选地，所述馈电模块和所述校准模块一体设于一电路板；
所述电路板包括依次叠设的功分网络信号线层、第一基板、第一接地层、第二基板、校准模块信号线层、第三基板以及第二接地层。
优选地，所述功分网络信号线层、所述第一基板和所述第一接地层形成于一双面PCB板，所述校准模块信号线层、所述第三基板以及所述第二接地层形成于另一双面PCB板，所述第二基板为粘接板。优选地，包括64个射频入口和6级合路器。
优选地，所述第一基板设置有第一金属过孔，所述功分网络信号线层通过所述第一金属过孔与校准模块信号线层电连接。
 有益效果
与现有设计相比，本发明提供的基站天线具有以下优点：
1、该基站天线通过设置若干辐射单元阵列以及设于辐射单元阵列前端的若干馈电模块和校准模块。其中，每个辐射单元阵列包括若干个辐射单元；每个馈电模块包括依次设于一辐射单元阵列前端的功分网络和射频入口，功分网络用于将射频入口的输入功率分配至该辐射单元阵列的各辐射单元；校准模块包括若干定向耦合器和设于定向耦合器前端的合路器，每个定向耦合器以与射频入口的连接端为耦合器输入端，以与合路器的连接端为耦合端，校准模块用于监测对比各射频入口的信号幅度和相位。
通过利用校准模块监测对比各射频入口的信号幅度和相位，以确保天线输入端的输入信号具有相同的幅相分布，实现波束赋形和信号到达方位角的计算精度，满足5G的通信需求。
 附图说明
图1是本发明提供的基站天线立体结构示意图；
图2是电路板的剖面结构示意图；
图3是馈电模块形成于该电路板结构示意图；
图4是校准模块形成于该电路板结构示意图；
图5是馈电模块和校准模块适配的逻辑图；
图6是图5的局部放大示意图；
图7是基站天线的一个辐射单元阵列对应的立体结构示意图；
图8是基站天线的一个辐射单元阵列对应的电路板的爆炸结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明的目的，技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
请参阅图1-8，本发明提供一种基站天线100，基站天线100包括若干辐射单元阵列10以及设于辐射单元阵列10前端的若干馈电模块30和校准模块40。其中，馈电模块30和校准模块40一体设于一电路板50。
电路板50包括依次叠设的功分网络信号线层501、第一基板502、第一接地层503、第二基板504、校准模块信号线层505、第三基板506以及第二接地层507。
其中，功分网络信号线层501、第一基板502和第一接地层503形成于一双面PCB板；校准模块信号线层504、第三基板505以及第二接地层504形成于另一双面PCB板，第二基板504为粘接板。馈电模块30通过形成于功分网络信号线层501，校准模块40形成于校准模块信号线层504。
第一基板502设置有第一金属过孔5021，功分网络信号线层501通过第一金属过5021孔与校准模块信号线层504电连接。
具体地，每个辐射单元阵列10包括若干个辐射单元101。每个馈电模块30包括依次设于一辐射单元阵列10前端的功分网络301和射频入口302。功分网络301的输出端与辐射单元101电连接，用于将射频入口302的输入功率分配至该辐射单元阵列10的各辐射单元101。
在第一基板502上对应若干个辐射单元101设置有插接孔5023，辐射单元101插接于该插接孔5023，并通过该插接孔5023与第一接地层503电连接。
校准模块40包括若干定向耦合器403和设于定向耦合器403前端的合路器401。定向耦合器403包括耦合器输入端406以及耦合端409。其中，定向耦合器403的耦合器输入端406与对应的射频入口302电连接，也即每个定向耦合器403与一射频入口302电连接，并以与该射频入口302连接端为耦合器输入端406，且每个定向耦合器403的耦合端409对应与一合路器401电连接，即定向耦合器403以与合路器401的连接端为耦合端409。校准模块40用于监测对比各射频入口302的信号幅度和相位。
在部分实施例中，定向耦合器403还包括直通端407及隔离端408，其中，每个定向耦合器403的直通端407与对应的功分网络301的功分输入端303连通。每个定向耦合器403的隔离端408通过一电阻匹配，该电阻的阻值可以根据需要设定，如为50欧姆。
在部分实施例中，合路器401包括一合路输出端口406、若干与各定向耦合器403的耦合端409连接的合路输入端口407以及连接合路输出端口406和各合路输入端口407的多级合路器408，如图4所示。
在部分实施例中，该基站天线100包括64个射频入口302和6级合路器。
具体地，基站天线100包括32个辐射单元阵列10，每个辐射单元阵列10包括2个射频入口302，为了监测该基站天线100的64个射频入口的信号幅度和相位信息，每个辐射单元阵列10的两个射频入口所对应的定向耦合器通过一个1级合路器4081级联，每两个级联的1级合路器4081形成一个第一子级，并通过一个2级合路器4082与该第一子级的1级合路器4081级联。每两个第一子级形成一个第二子级，并通过一个3级合路器4083与该第二子级的2级合路器4082进行级联。每两个第二子级形成一个第三子级，并通过一个4级合路器4084与该第三子级的3级合路器4083进行级联。每两个第三子级形成一个第四子级，并通过一个4级合路器4084与该第三子级的3级合路器4083进行级联。每两个第四子级形成一个第五子级，并通过一个5级合路器4085与该第四子级的4级合路器4084进行级联。每两个第五子级形成一个第六子级，并通过一个6级合路器4086与该第五子级的五级合路器4085进行级联，因此，32个辐射单元级列10需要通过6级合路器进行级联输出，如图4-6所示。
与现有设计相比，本发明提供的基站天线具有以下优点：
1、该基站天线通过设置若干辐射单元阵列以及设于辐射单元阵列前端的若干馈电模块和校准模块。其中，每个辐射单元阵列包括若干个辐射单元；每个馈电模块包括依次设于一辐射单元阵列前端的功分网络和射频入口，功分网络用于将射频入口的输入功率分配至该辐射单元阵列的各辐射单元；校准模块包括若干定向耦合器和设于定向耦合器前端的合路器，每个定向耦合器以与射频入口的连接端为耦合器输入端，以与合路器的连接端为耦合端，校准模块用于监测对比各射频入口的信号幅度和相位。
通过利用校准模块监测对比各射频入口的信号幅度和相位，以确保天线输入端的输入信号具有相同的幅相分布，实现波束赋形和信号到达方位角的计算精度，满足5G的通信需求。
以上所述的仅是发明的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种基站天线，其特征在于：所述基站天线包括若干辐射单元阵列以及设于所述辐射单元阵列前端的若干馈电模块和校准模块；
    每个所述辐射单元阵列包括若干个辐射单元；
    每个所述馈电模块包括依次设于一所述辐射单元阵列前端的功分网络和射频入口，所述功分网络用于将所述射频入口的输入功率分配至该辐射单元阵列的各所述辐射单元；
    所述校准模块包括若干定向耦合器和设于所述定向耦合器前端的合路器，每个所述定向耦合器以与所述射频入口的连接端为耦合器输入端，以与所述合路器的连接端为耦合端，所述校准模块用于监测对比各所述射频入口的信号幅度和相位。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的基站天线，其特征在于：每个所述定向耦合器的直通端与对应的所述功分网络的输入端连通。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的基站天线，其特征在于：每个所述定向耦合器的隔离端通过50欧姆电阻匹配。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的基站天线，其特征在于：所述合路器包括一合路输出端口、若干与所述各定向耦合器的耦合端连接的合路输入端口以及连接所述合路输出端口和各所述合路输入端口的多级合路器。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的基站天线，其特征在于：所述馈电模块和所述校准模块一体设于一电路板，
    所述电路板包括依次叠设的功分网络信号线层、第一基板、第一接地层、第二基板、校准模块信号线层、第三基板以及第二接地层。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的基站天线，其特征在于：所述功分网络信号线层、所述第一基板和所述第一接地层形成于一双面PCB板，所述校准模块信号线层、所述第三基板以及所述第二接地层形成于另一双面PCB板，所述第二基板为粘接板。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的基站天线，其特征在于：包括64个射频入口和6级合路器。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的基站天线，其特征在于：所述第一基板设置有第一金属过孔，所述功分网络信号线层通过所述第一金属过孔与校准模块信号线层电连接。
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