Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
  • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
  • H04B17/101—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for measurement of specific parameters of the transmitter or components thereof
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
  • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
  • G01S5/14—Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
  • H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
  • H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
  • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
  • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
  • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
  • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
  • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
  • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
  • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
  • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
  • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
  • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
  • H04B7/2621—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using frequency division multiple access [FDMA]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
  • H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
  • H04B7/2662—Arrangements for Wireless System Synchronisation
  • H04B7/2668—Arrangements for Wireless Code-Division Multiple Access [CDMA] System Synchronisation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
  • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
  • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
  • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
  • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
  • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
  • H04L25/0222—Estimation of channel variability, e.g. coherence bandwidth, coherence time, fading frequency
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
  • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
  • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
  • H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
  • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly, to beam management for wireless communications.
• Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts.
• Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
• CDMA code division multiple access
• TDMA time division multiple access
• FDMA frequency division multiple access
• OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
• SC-FDMA single-carrier frequency division multiple access
• TD-SCDMA time division synchronous code division multiple access
• 5G New Radio is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements.
• 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
• 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC).
• eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
• mMTC massive machine type communications
• URLLC ultra-reliable low latency communications
• Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard.
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• Layer 1 (LI) filtering may be useful for determining if (or when) performing a handover may be beneficial based on, for example, a measurement report.
• a user equipment UE
• the UE may utilize previous measurements when determining the measurement report. However, it may be appreciated that in some such examples, channel conditions at the time of previous measurements may impact the outcome of the current measurement.
• Example techniques disclosed herein facilitate determining a filter coefficient based on one or more filter coefficient-related measurements available to the UE.
• the filter coefficient may enable the UE to provide some level of filtering so that a current received measurement is provided some weight when determining the measurement result relative to a previous filtered measurement result. For example, if the current received measurement is determined to be relatively reliable, then the filter coefficient may be selected so that the current received measurement is provided relatively more weight than the previous filtered measurement result.
• the UE may determine the filter coefficient based on one or more parameters, such as Doppler estimates, channel quality measurements, rotation estimates, and/or channel type information (e.g., whether there is line-of-sight or no line-of-sight).
• a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE are provided.
• An example apparatus configures a filter coefficient for a serving beam.
• the example apparatus also applies the filter coefficient to the serving beam to determine an updated filtered measurement result.
• the example apparatus also reports the updated filtered measurement result to a base station.
• the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims.
• the following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.
• FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network.
• FIGs. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D are diagrams illustrating examples of a first 5GNR frame
• FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a UE in an access network.
• FIG. 4 is an example communication flow between a base station and a UE, in accordance with one or more aspects of this disclosure.
• FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication at a UE, in accordance with one or more aspects of this disclosure.
• FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example apparatus, in accordance with one or more aspects of this disclosure.
• processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure.
• processors in the processing system may execute software.
• Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
• the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
• Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
• such computer-readable media can comprise a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.
• RAM random-access memory
• ROM read-only memory
• EEPROM electrically erasable programmable ROM
• optical disk storage magnetic disk storage
• magnetic disk storage other magnetic storage devices
• combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.
• Layer 1 (LI) filtering may be useful for determining a reliable measurement result, for example, for a beam pair. In some examples, it may be beneficial to provide some level of filtering so that a current received measurement is provided some weight when determining the measurement result relative to a previous filtered measurement result.
• Example techniques disclosed herein facilitate determining a filter coefficient based on one or more filter coefficient-related measurements available to a UE.
• the UE may determine the filter coefficient based on Doppler estimates, channel quality measurements, rotation estimates, and/or channel type information (e.g., whether there is line-of-sight or no line-of-sight).
• FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network 100 that includes UEs 104 in communication with base stations 102 or base stations 180.
• the UE 104 may be configured to manage one or more aspects of wireless communication by utilizing beam management filtering.
• the UE 104 may include a beam management filtering component 198.
• the beam management filtering component 198 may be configured to configure a filter coefficient for a serving beam.
• the example beam management filtering component 198 may also be configured to apply the filter coefficient to the serving beam to determine an updated filtered measurement result.
• the example beam management filtering component 198 may also be configured to report the updated filtered measurement result to a base station.
• the wireless communications system also referred to as a wireless wide area network
• WWAN wireless wide area network
• EPC Evolved Packet Core
• 5GC 5G Core
• the base stations 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) and/or small cells (low power cellular base station).
• the macrocells include base stations.
• the small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells.
• the base stations 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved
• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (e.g., SI interface).
• the base stations 102 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) may interface with core network 190 through second backhaul links 184.
• NG-RAN Next Generation RAN
• the base stations 102 may perform one or more of the following functions: transfer of user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages.
• the base stations 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or core network 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface).
• the first backhaul links 132, the second backhaul links 184, and the third backhaul links 134 may be wired or wireless.
• the base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102.
• a network that includes both small cell and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network.
• a heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG).
• eNBs Home Evolved Node Bs
• CSG closed subscriber group
• the communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104.
• the communication links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity.
• the communication links may be through one or more carriers.
• the base stations 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc.
• the component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers.
• a primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).
• D2D communication link 158 may use the DL/UL WWAN spectrum.
• the D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH).
• sidelink channels such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH).
• sidelink channels such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH).
• sidelink channels such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH).
• the wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi access point (AP)
• AP Wi-Fi access point
• the STAs 152 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum.
• STAs Wi-Fi stations
• the STAs 152 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
• CCA clear channel assessment
• the small cell 102' may operate in a licensed and/or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell 102' may employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102', employing NR in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and/or increase capacity of the access network.
• a base station 102 may include and/or be referred to as an eNB, gNodeB (gNB), or another type of base station.
• Some base stations, such as gNB 180 may operate in a traditional sub 6 GHz spectrum, in millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies, and/or near mmW frequencies in communication with the UE 104.
• mmW millimeter wave
• mmW base station Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum.
• EHF Extremely high frequency
• EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in the band may be referred to as a millimeter wave. Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters.
• the super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave.
• Frequency range bands include frequency range 1 (FR1), which includes frequency bands below 7.225 GHz, and frequency range 2 (FR2), which includes frequency bands above 24.250 GHz.
• Communications using the mmW / near mmW radio frequency (RF) band (e.g., 3 GHz - 300 GHz) has extremely high path loss and a short range.
• Base stations / UEs may operate within one or more frequency range bands.
• the mmW base station 180 may utilize beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range.
• the base station 180 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and/or antenna arrays to facilitate the beamforming.
• the base station 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182'.
• the UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 180 in one or more receive directions 182".
• the UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the base station 180 in one or more transmit directions.
• the base station 180 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions.
• the base station 180 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base station 180 / UE 104.
• the transmit and receive directions for the base station 180 may or may not be the same.
• the transmit and receive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.
• the EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs
• the MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174.
• HSS Home Subscriber Server
• the MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN Gateway 172.
• the PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions.
• the PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to the IP Services 176.
• the IP Services 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS Streaming Service, and/or other IP services.
• the BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery.
• the BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions.
• PLMN public land mobile network
• the MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the base stations 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and may be responsible for session management (start/stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
• MMSFN Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network
• the core network 190 may include a Access and Mobility Management Function
• the AMF 192 may be in communication with a Unified Data Management (UDM) 196.
• the AMF 192 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 190. Generally, the AMF 192 provides QoS flow and session management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through the UPF 195.
• the UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions.
• the UPF 195 is connected to the IP Services 197.
• the IP Services 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a Packet Switch (PS) Streaming (PSS) Service, and/or other IP services.
• IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
• PS Packet Switch
• PSS Packet Switch
• the base station may include and/or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit reception point (TRP), or some other suitable terminology.
• the base station 102 provides an access point to the EPC 160 or core network 190 for a UE 104.
• Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor/actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device.
• SIP session initiation protocol
• PDA personal digital assistant
• the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc.).
• the UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.
• FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure.
• FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe.
• FIG. 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure.
• FIG. 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe.
• the 5GNR frame structure may be frequency division duplexed (FDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL, or may be time division duplexed (TDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL.
• FDD frequency division duplexed
• TDD time division duplexed
• subframe 4 being configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL)
• D is DL
• U is UL
• F is flexible for use between DL/UL
• subframe 3 being configured with slot format 34 (with mostly UL).
• any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61.
• Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively.
• Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols.
• UEs are configured with the slot format (dynamically through DL control information (DCI), or semi- statically/statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI).
• DCI DL control information
• RRC radio resource control
• SFI received slot format indicator
• 5GNR frame structure that is TDD.
• Other wireless communication technologies may have a different frame structure and/or different channels.
• a frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms).
• Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the slot configuration. For slot configuration 0, each slot may include 14 symbols, and for slot configuration 1, each slot may include 7 symbols.
• the symbols on DL may be cyclic prefix (CP) OFDM (CP-OFDM) symbols.
• the symbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also referred to as single carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC- FDMA) symbols) (for power limited scenarios; limited to a single stream transmission).
• CP cyclic prefix
• DFT-s-OFDM discrete Fourier transform
• SC- FDMA single carrier frequency-division multiple access
• the number of slots within a subframe is based on the slot configuration and the numerology.
• different numerologies m 0 to 4 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots, respectively, per subframe.
• different numerologies 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots, respectively, per subframe.
• the subcarrier spacing and symbol length/duration are a function of the numerology.
• the subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2 m * 15 kHz, where m is the numerology 0 to 4.
• the symbol length/duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing.
• the slot duration is 0.25 ms
• the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz
• the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 ps.
• Each BWP may have a particular numerology.
• a resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure.
• Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers.
• RB resource block
• PRBs physical RBs
• the resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
• some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the
• the RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R x for one particular configuration, where lOOx is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE.
• DM-RS demodulation RS
• CSI-RS channel state information reference signals
• the RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).
• BRS beam measurement RS
• BRRS beam refinement RS
• PT-RS phase tracking RS
• FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame.
• the physical downlink control channel carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs), each CCE including nine RE groups (REGs), each REG including four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.
• a PDCCH within one BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). Additional BWPs may be located at greater and/or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth.
• a primary synchronization signal may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine subframe/symbol timing and a physical layer identity.
• a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame.
• the SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DM-RS.
• the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) which carries a master information block (MIB), may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS)/PBCH block (also referred to as SS block (SSB)).
• the MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN).
• the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.
• SIBs system information blocks
• some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station.
• the UE may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).
• the PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH.
• the PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used.
• the UE may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS).
• the SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe.
• the SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs.
• the SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency- dependent scheduling on the UL.
• FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame.
• the PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration.
• the PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) ACK/NACK feedback.
• UCI uplink control information
• the PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and/or UCI.
• BSR buffer status report
• PHR power headroom report
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with a UE 350 in an access network.
• IP packets from the EPC 160 may be provided to a controller/processor 375.
• the controller/processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.
• Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer
• layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer.
• RRC radio resource control
• SDAP service data adaptation protocol
• PDCP packet data convergence protocol
• RLC radio link control
• MAC medium access control
• the controller/processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction
• the transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer
• Layer 1 which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing.
• the TX processor 316 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)).
• BPSK binary phase-shift keying
• QPSK quadrature phase-shift keying
• M-PSK M-phase-shift keying
• M-QAM M-quadrature amplitude modulation
• Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream.
• the OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams.
• Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing.
• the channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and/or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350.
• Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX.
• Each transmitter 318TX may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
• each receiver 354RX receives a signal through its respective antenna
• Each receiver 354RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356.
• the TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions.
• the RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream.
• the RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
• FFT Fast Fourier Transform
• the symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller/processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.
• the controller/processor 359 can be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data.
• the memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium.
• the controller/processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160.
• the controller/processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
• the controller/processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
• RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting
• PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression
• Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing.
• the spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 via separate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
• the UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 350.
• Each receiver 318RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 320.
• Each receiver 318RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.
• the controller/processor 375 can be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data.
• the memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium.
• the controller/processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 350. IP packets from the controller/processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160.
• the controller/processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
• At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller/processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the beam management filtering component 198 of FIG. 1.
• Example techniques disclosed herein are directed to UE-side layer 1 (LI) filtering for millimeter wave (mmW) communications.
• LI filtering may be useful for determining if (or when) a handover may be beneficial based on, for example, a measurement report.
• a UE may track performance of serving cells and neighboring cells, as well as the performance of beam pairs (e.g., Tx-Rx beam pairs). Tracking the performance of beam pairs may be useful for determining when to change to a different beam pair.
• Example techniques disclosed herein facilitate providing robust and reliable measurements.
• a filter such as an infinite impulse response (HR) filter
• HR infinite impulse response
• a UE may utilize Equation 1 (below) to perform LI (beam-level) filtering.
• Equation 1 the term“y(t)” represents an updated filtered measurement value, the term“y(t-l)” represents a previous filtered measurement result, the term“x(t)” represents a current received measurement from the physical layer, and the terms“a” and“(1-a)” represent filter coefficients.
• the filter coefficient a corresponds to a first weight bounded between zero and one that is applied to the current received measurement x(t)
• the filter coefficient (1-a) corresponds to a second weight, also bounded between zero and one, that is applied to the previous filtered measurement result y(t-l).
• Equation 1 may function similar to a running average (or moving average) with a variable bias between, for example, the current received measurement x(t) and the previous filtered measurement result y(t-l).
• Equation 1 Based on Equation 1 (above), it may be appreciated that as the value of the filter coefficient a increases, the updated filtered measurement value y(t) relies relatively more on the current received measurement x(t) and relies relatively less on the previous filtered measurement result y(t-l). For example, if the filter coefficient a is set to one, then the updated filtered measurement value y(t) is based on the current received measurement x(t). Furthermore, as the value of the filter coefficient a decreases, the updated filtered measurement value y(t) relies less on the current received measurement x(t) and relies relatively more on the previous filtered measurement result y(t-l). For example, if the filter coefficient a is set to zero, then the updated filtered measurement value y(t) is based on the previous filtered measurement result y(t-l).
• selecting the filter coefficient a enables a trade-off between the current received measurement x(t) and the previous filtered measurement result y(t-l).
• Example techniques disclosed herein facilitate configuring the filter coefficient a based on one or more parameters, such as a Doppler measurement, a channel quality (e.g., signal -to-noise ratio (SNR)), UE rotation, and/or based on line- of-sight. For example, if the current received measurement x(t) is determined to be relatively reliable, then the filter coefficient a may be selected so that the current received measurement x(t) is provided relatively more weight than the previous filtered measurement result y(t-l).
• SNR signal -to-noise ratio
• a Doppler measurement may represent a moving speed of the UE relative to a base station.
• the UE may determine (or adjust) the value of the filter coefficient a relative to the Doppler estimate.
• the filter coefficient a may be configured as a decreasing function of the Doppler estimate. For example, as the Doppler measurement increases, a relatively deeper filter may be useful to average out small scale fading.
• the filter coefficient a may vary (or be adjusted) based on channel quality (e.g., SNR). For example, when a channel quality measurement is available, the UE may configure the filter coefficient a as an increasing function of SNR. For example, as the measured SNR decreases, a relatively deeper filter may be useful to average out noise and/or measurement error. In some such examples, as the measured SNR decreases, the UE may decrease the filter coefficient a so that less weight is provided to the current received measurement x(t) relative to the previous filtered measurement result y(t-l).
• channel quality e.g., SNR
• the UE may configure the filter coefficient a as an increasing function of SNR. For example, as the measured SNR decreases, a relatively deeper filter may be useful to average out noise and/or measurement error. In some such examples, as the measured SNR decreases, the UE may decrease the filter coefficient a so that less weight is provided to the current received measurement x(t) relative to the previous filtered measurement result y(t-l).
• the filter coefficient a may vary (or be adjusted) based on rotation speed (e.g., if a rotation estimate is available). For example, the filter coefficient a may operate as an increasing function of rotation speed. In some such examples, the faster the UE rotates, applying a smaller filter may be beneficial to prevent overly aggressive changes to the filtered measurement.
• channel type information may include a line-of-sight measurement that indicates whether the UE has a line-of-sight (LOS) or no line-of-sight (NLOS).
• the filter coefficient a may vary based on whether there is LOS or NLOS (e.g., if channel type information is available).
• the UE may adjust the filter coefficient a to be relatively small in a LOS scenario.
• the UE may adjust the filter coefficient a to be relatively high in a NLOS scenario.
• a beam pair e.g., a serving
• the UE may track, with a certain periodicity (e.g., with an 80 ms interval), a serving Tx-Rx beam pair for PDSCH.
• a certain periodicity e.g., with an 80 ms interval
• the UE may select a filter coefficient a s for the serving Tx-Rx beam pair.
• the filter coefficient a s configured for the serving beam may then be used to determine the filter coefficient a for other Tx-Rx beam pairs. It may be appreciated that the sampling interval for a respective Tx-Rx beam pair may be different than the sampling interval for the serving beam. In some such examples, example techniques disclosed herein may determine the filter coefficient a for other Tx-Rx beam pairs based on their respective sampling intervals relative to the sampling interval of the serving beam.
• a filter coefficient a for an LI filter with a sampling interval of X ms may be configured so that a time constant is the same as the LI filter with a sampling interval of 80 ms (e.g., for the serving beam) and for the filter coefficient a s .
• the UE may use Equation 2 (below) to apply the filter coefficient a s for the serving beam to another Tx-Rx beam.
• Equation 2 (above), the term a N ⁇ represents the filter coefficient a for the Nth Tx- Rx beam, the term“a s ” represents the filter coefficient a for the serving beam, and the term“X w ” represents a sampling interval for the Nth Tx-Rx beam. Furthermore, in Equation 2, the term“X s ” represents a sampling interval for the serving beam. In the above example, it may be appreciated that the sampling interval for the serving beam X s is 80 ms. However, in additional or alternative examples, any reasonable sampling interval for the serving beam X s may be used.
• the value of the filter coefficient a is between zero and one.
• the value of the filter coefficient a may be bounded between zero and one.
• the filter coefficient a may be bounded between 0.5 and 0.95 (e.g., 0.5 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.95). It may be useful to bind the filter coefficient a to values between 0.5 and 0.95 so that some weight is applied to the previous filtered measurement result y(t-l) and to the current received measurement x(t).
• the UE may not be able to determine whether the UE is in a rotation scenario, a Doppler scenario, or a rotation and Doppler combination scenario, and/or whether the UE is in a LOS scenario or a NLOS scenario.
• the scenario(s) may change with time. Accordingly, it may be beneficial for the UE to avoid relatively deep filtering, which may have negative effect(s) in some scenarios (e.g., based on rotation scenarios or LOS scenarios).
• the lower bound and/or the upper bound for configuring the filter coefficient a may be suitably adjusted.
• the lower bound may be a value greater than zero and the upper bound may be a value less than 1.
• the values of the lower bound and the upper bound for the filter coefficient a may be selected to enable a gradual change between using current received measurements x(t) and previous filtered measurement results y(t-l) when determining the updated filtered measurement result y(t).
• noise may exist.
• noise may include thermal noise, measurement errors, etc.
• the filter coefficient a may be set to zero so that the updated filtered measurement result y(t) is based on the previous filtered measurement result y(t) and not the current received measurement x(t).
• FIG. 4 illustrates an example communication flow 400 between a base station 402 and a UE 404, in accordance with one or more techniques disclosed herein.
• Aspects of the base station 402 may be implemented by the base station 102, the base station 180, and/or the base station 310.
• Aspects of the UE 404 may be implemented by the UE 104 and/or the UE 350.
• the base station 402 may be in communication with one or more other base stations or UEs, and/or the UE 404 may be in communication with one or more other base stations or UEs.
• the UE 404 may determine which filter coefficient-related measurements are available to the UE 404. For example, the UE 404 may determine whether a Doppler estimate is available, whether a channel quality measurement (e.g., SNR) is available, whether a rotation estimate is available, whether channel type information (e.g., an LOS scenario or an NLOS scenario) is available, and/or whether beam sampling rate information is available.
• a Doppler estimate is available
• a channel quality measurement e.g., SNR
• a rotation estimate is available
• channel type information e.g., an LOS scenario or an NLOS scenario
• the filter coefficient-related measurements may be provided to the filter coefficient-related measurements.
• the base station 402 may transmit a downlink transmission 420 that is received by the UE 404.
• the downlink transmission 420 may be RRC signaling, DCI, a medium access control - control element (MAC-CE), and/or a downlink reference signal.
• the UE 404 may determine the available filter coefficient-related measurements based on information included in the downlink transmission 420.
• the UE 404 may perform one or more measurements based on the downlink transmission 420 to determine which filter coefficient-related measurements are available.
• the UE 404 configures a filter coefficient for a serving beam.
• the serving beam may be a beam pair used to receive the downlink transmission 420.
• the UE 404 may configure a filter coefficient a based on the filter coefficient-related measurements available to the UE 404 (e.g., at 410). For example, the UE 404 may configure the filter coefficient a by decreasing the filter coefficient a relative to a Doppler estimate. In some examples, the UE 404 may configure the filter coefficient a by increasing the filter coefficient a relative to a channel quality measurement. In some examples, the UE 404 may configure the filter coefficient a by increasing the filter coefficient a relative to a rotation estimate.
• the UE 404 may configure the filter coefficient a by adjusting the filter coefficient a based on a line-of-sight measurement. In some examples, the UE 404 may configure the filter coefficient a by adjusting the filter coefficient a based on a beam sampling rate.
• the UE 404 determines an updated filtered measurement result by applying the filter coefficient to the serving beam. For example, the UE 404 may apply the filter coefficient a s to the serving beam to determine an updated filtered measurement value y(t). In some examples, the UE 404 may apply Equation 1 (reproduced below) to determine the updated filtered measurement value y(t).
• the UE 404 reports the updated filtered measurement value y(t) to the base station 402.
• the UE 404 transmits an updated filtered measurement result report 450 that is received by the base station 402.
• the updated filtered measurement result report 450 may include the updated filtered measurement value y(t).
• the UE 404 may apply the filter coefficient configured for the serving beam
• the UE 404 may apply Equation 2 (reproduced below) to determine the filter coefficient a for respective beam pair(s) (e.g., Tx-Rx beam pairs) based on their respective sampling intervals X N and the filter coefficient a s for the serving beam.
• FIG. 5 is a flowchart 500 of a method of wireless communication.
• the method may be performed by a UE or a component of a UE (e.g., the UE 104, the UE 350, and/or the UE 504; the apparatus 602, a processing system, which may include the memory 360 and which may be the entire UE 350 or a component of the UE 350, such as the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and/or the controller/processor 359).
• a processing system which may include the memory 360 and which may be the entire UE 350 or a component of the UE 350, such as the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and/or the controller/processor 359.
• Optional aspects are illustrated with a dashed line.
• the method may enable a UE to perform a reliable and/or robust evaluation of beam-level measurements and to facilitate reducing signaling overhead.
• the UE may determine which filter coefficient-related measurements are available, as described above in connection with 410 of FIG. 4. For example, the determining of which filter coefficient-related measurements are available may be performed by a filter coefficient-related measurements component 640 of the apparatus 602 of FIG. 6. In some examples, the filter coefficient-related measurements may be based on at least one of a Doppler estimate, a channel quality measurement, a rotation estimation, and channel type information.
• the UE configures a filter coefficient for a serving beam, as described above in connection with 430 of FIG. 4.
• the configuring of the filter coefficient may be performed by a filter coefficient configuring component 642 of the apparatus 602.
• configuring the filter coefficient may comprise decreasing the filter coefficient relative to a Doppler estimate.
• configuring the filter coefficient may comprise increasing the filter coefficient relative to a channel quality measurement.
• configuring the filter coefficient may comprise increasing the filter coefficient relative to a rotation estimate.
• configuring the filter coefficient may comprise adjusting the filter coefficient based on a line-of-sight measurement.
• configuring the filter coefficient may comprise adjusting the filter coefficient based on a beam sampling rate.
• the UE applies the filter coefficient to the serving beam to determine an updated filtered measurement result, as described above in connection with 440 of FIG. 4.
• the applying of the filter coefficient may be performed by a filter coefficient applying component 644 of the apparatus 602.
• the updated filtered measurement result may be based on the filter coefficient, a current received measurement, and a previous filtered measurement result.
• the filter coefficient may include a first weight a to apply to the current received measurement and may include a second weight (1- a) to apply to the previous filtered measurement result.
• a sum of the first weight and the second weight may be one.
• the first weight may be a value between zero and one.
• the first weight may be a value between 0.5 and 0.95.
• the UE reports the updated filtered measurement result to a base station, as described above in connection with the updated filtered measurement result report 450 of FIG. 4.
• the reporting of the updated filtered measurement result may be performed by a transmission component 634 and/or an updated filtered measurement result reporting component 646 of the apparatus 602.
• the UE may apply the filter coefficient configured for the serving beam to a different beam pair, as described above in connection with 460 of FIG. 4.
• the applying of the filter coefficient may be performed by the filter coefficient applying component 644 of the apparatus 602.
• FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 602.
• the apparatus 602 is a UE and includes a cellular baseband processor 604 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to a cellular RF transceiver 622 and one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 620, an application processor 606 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 608 and a screen 610, a Bluetooth module 612, a wireless local area network (WLAN) module 614, a Global Positioning System (GPS) module 616, and a power supply 618.
• the cellular baseband processor 604 communicates through the cellular RF transceiver 622 with the UE 104 and/or BS 102/180.
• the cellular baseband processor 604 may include a computer-readable medium / memory.
• the cellular baseband processor 604 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory.
• the software when executed by the cellular baseband processor 604, causes the cellular baseband processor 604 to perform the various functions described supra.
• the computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 604 when executing software.
• the cellular baseband processor 604 further includes a reception component 630, a communication manager 632, and a transmission component 634.
• the communication manager 632 includes the one or more illustrated components.
• the components within the communication manager 632 may be stored in the computer-readable medium / memory and/or configured as hardware within the cellular baseband processor 604.
• the cellular baseband processor 604 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and/or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller/processor 359.
• the apparatus 602 may be a modem chip and include just the baseband processor 604, and in another configuration, the apparatus 602 may be the entire UE (e.g., see the UE 350 of FIG. 3) and include the aforediscussed additional modules of the apparatus 602.
• the communication manager 632 includes a filter coefficient-related measurements component 640, a filter coefficient configuring component 642, a filter coefficient applying component 644, and an updated filtered measurement result reporting component 646 that may be configured to perform the aspects described in connection with FIG. 5.
• the apparatus may include additional components that perform each of the blocks of the algorithm in the aforementioned flowchart of FIG. 5. As such, each block in the aforementioned flowchart of FIG. 5 may be performed by a component and the apparatus may include one or more of those components.
• the components may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes/algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to perform the stated processes/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.
• the apparatus 602 includes means for configuring a filter coefficient for a serving beam.
• the example apparatus 602 may also include means for applying the filter coefficient to the serving beam to determine an updated filtered measurement result.
• the example apparatus 602 may also include means for reporting the updated filtered measurement result to a base station.
• the example apparatus 602 may also include means for decreasing the filter coefficient relative to the Doppler estimate.
• the example apparatus 602 may also include means for increasing the filter coefficient relative to the channel quality measurement.
• the example apparatus 602 may also include means for increasing the filter coefficient relative to the rotation estimate.
• the example apparatus 602 may also include means for adjusting the filter coefficient based on a line-of-sight measurement.
• the example apparatus 602 may also include means for adjusting the filter coefficient based on a beam sampling rate.
• the example apparatus 602 may also include means for applying the filter coefficient configured for the serving beam to a different beam pair.
• the aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned components of the apparatus 602 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
• the apparatus 602 may include the TX Processor 368, the RX Processor 356, and the controller/processor 359.
• the aforementioned means may be the TX Processor 368, the RX Processor 356, and the controller/processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
• example techniques disclosed herein may facilitate providing reliable and/or robust evaluations of beam-level measurements for UE-side beam management.
• the disclosed techniques may additionally or alternatively assist in improving base station-side beam management based on, for example, the beam-level measurements performed by the UE.
• the example techniques disclosed herein may facilitate reducing signaling overhead by, for example, reducing serving-beam ping- pong that may be caused by Doppler effects, noise (e.g., thermal noise), measurement errors, etc.
• Combinations such as“at least one of A, B, or C,”“one or more of A, B, or C,”“at least one of A, B, and C,”“one or more of A, B, and C,” and“A, B, C, or any combination thereof’ include any combination of A, B, and/or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C.
• combinations such as“at least one of A, B, or C,”“one or more of A, B, or C,”“at least one of A, B, and C,”“one or more of A, B, and C,” and“A, B, C, or any combination thereof’ may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C.
• Example 1 is a method of wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising: configuring a filter coefficient for a serving beam; applying the filter coefficient to the serving beam to determine an updated filtered measurement result; and reporting the updated filtered measurement result to a base station.
• UE User Equipment
• Example 2 the method of Example 1 further includes that the configuring of the filter coefficient for the serving beam is based on a filter coefficient-related measurement at the UE including at least one of a Doppler estimate, a channel quality measurement, a rotation estimate, and channel type information.
• Example 3 the method of any of Example 1 or Example 2 further includes that the filter coefficient is configured to decrease relative to the Doppler estimate.
• Example 4 the method of any of Examples 1 to 3 further includes that the filter coefficient is configured to increase relative to the channel quality measurement.
• Example 5 the method of any of Examples 1 to 4 further includes that the filter coefficient is configured to increase relative to the rotation estimate.
• Example 6 the method of any of Examples 1 to 5 further includes that the filter coefficient is adjusted based on a line-of-sight measurement.
• Example 7 the method of any of Examples 1 to 6 further includes that the filter coefficient is adjusted based on a beam sampling rate.
• the method of any of Examples 1 to 7 further includes that the updated filtered measurement result is based on the filter coefficient, a current received measurement, and a previous filtered measurement result.
• Example 9 the method of any of Examples 1 to 8 further includes that the filter coefficient includes a first weight to apply to the current received measurement and includes a second weight to apply to the previous filtered measurement result, wherein a sum of the first weight and the second weight is one.
• Example 10 the method of any of Examples 1 to 9 further includes that the first weight is between zero and one.
• Example 11 the method of any of Examples 1 to 10 further includes that the first weight is between 0.5 and 0.95.
• Example 12 the method of any of Examples 1 to 11 further includes: applying the filter coefficient configured for the serving beam to a different beam pair.
• Example 13 is a device including one or more processors and one or more memories in electronic communication with the one or more processors storing instructions executable by the one or more processors to cause a system or an apparatus to implement a method as in any of Examples 1 to 12.
• Example 14 is a system or apparatus including means for implementing a method or realizing an apparatus as in any of Examples 1 to 12.
• Example 15 is a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by one or more processors to cause the one or more processors to implement a method as in any of Examples 1 to 12.

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