WO2020259114A1 - 垃圾资源化处理装置 - Google Patents

垃圾资源化处理装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020259114A1
WO2020259114A1 PCT/CN2020/090108 CN2020090108W WO2020259114A1 WO 2020259114 A1 WO2020259114 A1 WO 2020259114A1 CN 2020090108 W CN2020090108 W CN 2020090108W WO 2020259114 A1 WO2020259114 A1 WO 2020259114A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
garbage
guide plate
unit
treatment device
central processing
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PCT/CN2020/090108
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王耀文
Original Assignee
青岛海鲸环境科技有限公司
王耀文
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Application filed by 青岛海鲸环境科技有限公司, 王耀文 filed Critical 青岛海鲸环境科技有限公司
Publication of WO2020259114A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020259114A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a device for treating garbage as a resource.
  • Domestic waste refers to the leftovers of food from catering industries such as villages, communities, restaurants, hotels, and public canteens such as families, enterprises, institutions, and schools.
  • catering industries such as villages, communities, restaurants, hotels, and public canteens such as families, enterprises, institutions, and schools.
  • packaging bags waste clothes, broken tableware, broken glass, bricks, plastic chips, packaging boxes, wood chips, etc., discards generated in the life process are generally divided into recyclable garbage, kitchen waste, hazardous garbage, and other garbage.
  • Recyclable garbage mainly includes paper, plastic, glass, metal, etc., among which paper mainly includes newspapers, periodicals, books, various packaging papers, office paper, advertising paper, paper boxes, etc.; plastics mainly include various plastics Bags, plastic packaging, disposable plastic lunch boxes and tableware, toothbrushes, cups, mineral water bottles, etc.; glass mainly includes various glass bottles, broken glass pieces, mirrors, light bulbs, thermos bottles, etc.; metal objects mainly include cans, cans, Toothpaste skins, etc.; fabrics mainly include discarded clothes, tablecloths, face towels, school bags, shoes, etc.
  • Food waste includes food wastes such as leftovers, bones, vegetable roots and leaves.
  • Hazardous garbage refers to garbage that may cause harm or potential harm to the environment without proper treatment.
  • wastes include bricks, ceramics, muck, toilet waste paper and other wastes that are difficult to recycle other than the above-mentioned types of waste. Landfilling can effectively reduce the pollution of groundwater, surface water, soil and air.
  • High organic matter content rich in starch, protein, meat, oil, etc.
  • High water content As a leftover material in a meal, the water content of slick feet is about 70%.
  • Hazardous domestic garbage is very easy to deteriorate, rot, and ferment, breed mosquitoes and flies, spread diseases, produce large amounts of toxins and emit odorous gases, and pollute water and atmosphere.
  • the present invention proposes a garbage resource treatment device that decomposes domestic garbage and sorts the decomposed domestic garbage. After using the garbage resource treatment device, only the hazardous garbage in the domestic garbage is delivered to the hazardous garbage recovery device when it is delivered, and other domestic garbage can directly enter the garbage resource treatment device for resource treatment and disposal.
  • a garbage resource treatment device is used for processing domestic garbage, and comprises a central processing unit capable of decomposing the garbage and a screen connected with the outlet end of the central processing unit.
  • the garbage resource treatment device of the present invention can quickly screen out the organic fertilizer produced after decomposition by decomposing the domestic garbage in the central processing unit and setting a screen at the outlet of the central processing unit. In the next step of resource utilization, it can also help sort the undecomposed garbage in the next step.
  • the screen is cylindrical or conical, and further includes a third driving member connected with the screen to drive the screen to rotate.
  • the present invention also includes a guide unit provided at one end of the screen far away from the central processing unit.
  • the guide unit includes a guide plate and is connected to the guide plate so that the guide The fourth driving part for plate vibration.
  • non-decomposable materials are divided into non-decomposable light materials and non-decomposable heavy materials according to their weight.
  • non-decomposable light materials are mostly combustible garbage, such as wood chips, plastics, clothes, etc.
  • non-decomposable heavy materials are mostly Stones, bricks, metals, etc., in the above solution, through the arrangement of the guide plate and the third driving member, the distance and speed of the non-decomposable light material and the non-decomposable heavy material in each vibration of the guide plate are different.
  • the non-decomposable garbage can be sorted again.
  • an air supply unit is further included.
  • the air supply unit is arranged below the material guide plate and supplies air to an end of the material guide plate away from the central processing unit.
  • the non-decomposable light material wrapped around the non-decomposable heavy material is separated by the vibration of the guide plate, and the non-decomposable light material and the non-decomposable heavy material are initially separated, and a supply is provided below it.
  • the wind unit blows the non-decomposable light material into the preset container, and the non-decomposable heavy object is basically not affected by the airflow and moves according to the original path, so that the above two can be effectively sorted.
  • the guide plate includes a guide plate body, and a plurality of extension bars extending away from the central processing unit, and the plurality of extension bars are arranged at intervals.
  • a plurality of the extension strips are arranged at intervals, so that the decomposed garbage on the extension strips can be affected by the airflow provided by the air supply unit, and the non-decomposable light objects are in the air supply unit. Under the action, it moves to the preset direction to separate from the non-decomposable heavy objects, so as to realize the sorting of non-decomposable light objects and non-decomposable heavy objects.
  • the extension bar includes an extension bar body, and a bent portion provided on a side of the extension bar body away from the guide plate body, and the bent portion is along a direction away from the extension bar body Tilt up.
  • the arrangement of the bending part prevents the direct sliding of the non-decomposable light materials, and at the same time, can effectively control the movement trajectory of the non-decomposable heavy objects, thereby effectively sorting and preventing mixing.
  • the fourth driving member includes a spring connected to the material guide plate, and a motor connected to the material guide plate, and the spring is connected to the bracket.
  • the fourth driving member uses a motor and a spring, which can realize the effective vibration of the guide plate, and it is easy to adjust its vibration frequency or amplitude. At the same time, it is connected by a spring, and the structure is simple and Not easy to damage.
  • it also includes a limit net provided on the side of the guide unit away from the central processing unit.
  • the setting of the limit net can not only effectively guide the movement trajectory of the non-decomposable light material, but also guide the flow direction of the air flow provided by the air supply unit to prevent the formation of vortexes or air blowback.
  • it also includes a magnetic separation unit arranged between the guide unit and the limit net.
  • the remaining non-decomposable materials some of which are magnetic waste, such as iron nuggets, iron ingots, nickel flakes, and other materials that can be magnetically absorbed, can be further recycled.
  • the setting of the magnetic separation unit can effectively sort out the magnetic substances in the indecomposable garbage, so as to effectively carry out the next step of sorting.
  • it also includes a second receiving port arranged between the magnetic separation unit and the limit net.
  • the magnetic substance enters the preset container under the action of the magnetic separation unit, and the non-decomposable heavy object will fall into the second receiving material between the magnetic separation unit and the limit net under the action of no other external force. ⁇ , the magnetic materials and other non-decomposable heavy objects are effectively sorted.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the garbage resource treatment device of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the garbage resource treatment device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a garbage crushing unit of the garbage resource treatment device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the guide unit of the garbage resource treatment device of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extension strip in the present invention.
  • the present invention proposes a garbage resource treatment device for processing domestic garbage, including a garbage lifting unit 9, a feed bin 1, a spray unit 3, a garbage crushing unit 4, and an organic fertilizer screening unit 5.
  • the domestic garbage After the domestic garbage is processed by the above unit, it can be decomposed and sorted into organic fertilizer and magnetic substances , Non-decomposable light materials and non-decomposable heavy materials, and sorted or packaged according to their respective uses to facilitate reuse of resources.
  • non-decomposable light materials are mostly combustible domestic garbage
  • non-decomposable heavy materials are mostly stones. , Bricks, etc.
  • the magnetic materials are mostly iron nails or iron blocks.
  • the garbage can is first lifted to the feeding bin 1 by the garbage lifting unit 9, and the garbage is poured into the feeding bin 1, where the garbage lifting unit 9 includes the
  • the bucket corresponds to the components in the form of clamping, and the trash can is lifted by hydraulic cylinders and chains. It can also be in the form of electric cylinders, motors and chains, which can be selected according to needs.
  • the feeding bin 1 is connected to the garbage lifting unit 9 to receive the garbage transported by the garbage lifting unit 9.
  • the feeding bin 1 is funnel-shaped to facilitate receiving and guiding the garbage to a preset component in.
  • the spraying unit 3 is arranged above or on one side of the feeding bin 1, and is used for spraying bacterial agents into the feeding bin 1, and the spraying unit 3 includes being arranged at the feeding bin 1
  • the upper spray head 31, the spray pump 32 connected to the spray head 31, the bacteria supply tank 33 connected to the spray pump 32, the water tank 34 and the cleaning pump 35, the spray head 31 is a plurality, arranged at even intervals above the feeding bin 1.
  • the spray pump 32 is activated to pass the bacteria in the bacteria supply tank 33 through the The spray head 31 sprays the garbage, and by spraying, it can not only control dust effectively, but also have a deodorizing effect.
  • the garbage crushing unit 4 is connected to the feed bin 1.
  • the garbage mixed with bacterial agents in the feed bin 1 enters the garbage crushing unit 4 from the feed bin 1, and the garbage Crushing unit 4 includes:
  • the crushing bin 41 is located below the feed bin 1 and has a certain accommodating space. It is equipped with crushing parts 42 for crushing the domestic garbage falling in the feed bin 1. A row is provided on the side of the crushing bin 41
  • the discharge port 411, the discharge port 411 is connected with a preset discharge channel, the discharge port 411 can be set to be normally open, or can be set to be normally closed connected to the baffle through an electromagnetic switch, the electromagnetic switch It is connected with the motor of the pulverizing member 42 and when it is detected that the motor is overloaded or the pulverizing member 42 is stuck, the baffle is controlled to move so that the discharge port 411 is opened.
  • the overload detection of the motor can be realized by detecting the current or torque of the motor, and the detection of the jam of the crushing member 42 can be detected by, for example, a rotation speed sensor that detects the rotation speed.
  • the crushing member 42 is arranged below the crushing bin 41 to crush the garbage in the crushing bin 41.
  • the crushing member 42 is preferably a commonly used crusher on the market, and a suitable passing size can be selected;
  • the pressing plate 43 is arranged above the crushing bin 41 and connected to the first driving member 44.
  • the member 42 is idling, and substances such as glass bottles, branches, or quilts cause the garbage to not be crushed normally.
  • the first driving member 44 drives the pressing plate 43 to press down to press the garbage in the crushing bin 41 On the pulverizing part 42 so that the garbage can be quickly pulverized.
  • the first driving member 44 includes a hydraulic cylinder 441, a driving rod 442 hinged to one end of the hydraulic cylinder 441, and a supporting member 443 hinged to one end of the driving rod 442.
  • the driving rod 442 and the supporting member 443 are arranged vertically, the hydraulic cylinder 441 and the driving rod 442 are arranged at an angle as shown in FIG. 2, and the pressing plate 43 is arranged on the first driving member
  • the hydraulic cylinder 441 drives the driving rod 442 to rotate around the hinge point, so that the driving rod 442 drives the pressing plate 43 to move into the crushing chamber 41.
  • the above-mentioned structure can make the pressing
  • the material board 43 and the first driving member 44 are arranged obliquely above the crushing bin 41, so that the entry of garbage is not easily affected.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 441 may also use a manner capable of generating a stroke such as air cylinder, electric cylinder, or motor gear propulsion to drive the driving rod 442 to move.
  • first driving member 44 here may also adopt other forms, such as a hydraulic cylinder directly arranged above the crushing bin 41, or it may be set on one side of the crushing bin 41 with corresponding
  • the switchable panel and driving device can be set according to needs.
  • the pusher plate 45 is arranged longitudinally and is connected to the second driving member 46.
  • the second driving member 46 is arranged in the limiting groove 47 to guide and restrict the movement of the material pusher 45 Track, the limiting groove 47 is provided between the crushing bin 41 and the crushing member 42, and the limiting slot 47 is provided with a corresponding through hole in the radial direction of the crushing bin 41 to facilitate
  • the size of the pushing plate 45 is adapted to the size of the limiting groove 47, so that the pushing plate 45 can only move along the limiting groove 47, and the second driving member 46 can Electric cylinders, air cylinders, hydraulic cylinders, etc. are selected.
  • the second driving member 46 can also be electrically connected to the crushing member 42. When it is detected that the crushing member 42 is stuck or overloaded, the second driving member 46 starts.
  • a horizontally placed baffle is provided above the pushing plate 45, and the length of the baffle is the same as or slightly larger than the length of the bottom of the crushing bin 41.
  • the plate is connected with the second driving member 46. When the second driving member 46 pushes the pushing plate 45, the baffle moves along with it, thereby sealing the bottom of the crushing bin 41 to prevent garbage from falling Between the pushing plate 45 and the second driving member 46.
  • the central processing unit 2 is connected to the garbage crushing unit 4 to receive and decompose the garbage crushed by the garbage crushing unit 4.
  • the central processing unit 2 mainly includes a fermentation drum, a sealing element, a base, Supporting elements, sensors, electronic control elements 21, transmission elements, heating elements, driving elements, feeding ports, discharging elements, housings, etc.
  • the sealing elements are used to seal the fermentation drum and provide external connection ports for connecting the inlet
  • the material port, the discharge element, etc. are composed of a front sealing cover and a rear sealing cover.
  • the fermentation drum provides a place and environment for the completion of biochemical reactions of domestic garbage.
  • the front end of the fermentation drum is movably connected with the front sealing cover, and the rear end is movably connected with the rear sealing cover.
  • the machine base is used to fix the entire processing element, and is mainly used to fix the transmission element, the driving element, the fermentation drum, the front and rear sealing cover, the electric control element 21, the housing, etc.
  • the sensor is used to detect important physical quantities of the entire element, and includes at least one or more of position sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, oxygen content sensors, and PH meters of various materials.
  • the electronic control element 21 is the main integrated control system, which is used to complete the intelligent control of the central processing unit 2 and mainly complete the functions of controlling the rotation of the drum, temperature and humidity control, sensor data reading, and biochemical process control.
  • the transmission element mainly completes the conversion of various electrical signals and mechanical actions, and converts various instructions of the electronic control system into various mechanical actions driven by the drive element, including the positive and negative rotation and stop of the fermentation drum, and the start and close of the heating element, etc. action.
  • the transmission element can be provided with a stop element.
  • the heating element mainly completes the heating function, providing temperature and humidity conditions for the biochemical reaction of the domestic waste in the fermentation drum.
  • the heating element is preferably an oxygen supply heating element, such as a combination of a blower and a hot air blower, etc. Catalyzes the biochemical reaction of biochemical decomposition products.
  • the outer shell is installed outside the central processing unit 2 for installing various components of the central processing unit 2.
  • this embodiment also includes a dehydration conveying unit 110, which is provided between the central processing unit 2 and the crushing unit 4.
  • the dehydration conveying unit 110 includes a dehydration conveying member 1101, a water receiving tray 1102, and The sewage pipe 1103, the dehydration conveying member 1101 is used to dehydrate and transport garbage, and the sewage is discharged through the water receiving pan 1102 and the sewage pipe 1103.
  • the organic fertilizer screening unit 5 is connected to the central processing unit 2 for sorting out the organic fertilizer decomposed in the central processing unit 2.
  • the organic fertilizer screening unit 5 includes a screen 51, and a third driving member 52 connected to the screen 51, the screen 51 is cylindrical or conical, and the third driving member 52 drives the screen
  • the net 51 rotates to shake the organic fertilizer particles decomposed in the central processing unit 2 and fall from the sieve holes of the screen 51 to the first receiving opening 51, and the third driving member 52 preferably uses a motor, and the speed is easy to control.
  • the screen 51 and the third driving member 52 here also take the form of a vibrating screen.
  • the magnetic separation unit 6 is arranged after the organic fertilizer screening unit 5. After the organic fertilizer is sorted, the remaining substances basically include non-decomposable light materials, non-decomposable heavy materials and magnetic materials, and there are many magnetic materials. They are iron nails or iron blocks, etc., which can be further utilized after being screened by the magnetic separation unit 6.
  • the magnetic separation unit 6 is preferably a magnetic separator.
  • the guide unit 7 is arranged behind the screen 51 and includes a guide plate 71 and a fourth driving member 72.
  • the fourth driving member 72 is used to drive the guide plate 71 to vibrate so that the guide
  • the material on the plate 71 moves away from the screen 51, and due to the different density of light material and heavy material, when it vibrates on the guide plate 71, its moving speed and displacement are also different .
  • the air supply unit 8 is arranged below the guide plate 71 and supplies air in the direction of the limit net 120, and the limit net 120 is arranged on the guide plate 71 away from the screen 51, at the end of the guide plate 71, the light material is blown into the limit net 120 due to vibration and airflow, while the heavy objects and magnetic materials will be
  • the end of the guide plate 71 falls, and under the action of the magnetic separation unit 6, the magnetic substance is selected to the corresponding receiving port, and the heavy object enters the second receiving port 73, and the light material passes through the After the limit net 120 is bound by the binding unit 100, it is
  • the guide plate 71 is composed of a guide plate body 711 and an extension bar 712, and the extension bar 712 is disposed on a side of the guide plate body 711 away from the screen 51.
  • the guide plate body 711 is a solid plate, and the extension bars 712 are multiple, which are arranged on the guide plate body 711 at intervals, so that the The air flow blown by the air supply unit 8 can act on the light material from the gap to blow the light material into the limiting net 120.
  • the extension strip 712 includes an extension strip body 7121, and is arranged in the extension
  • the strip body 7121 is away from the curved portion 7122 on the side of the guide plate body 711, and the curved portion 7122 is inclined upward in the direction away from the guide plate body 711.
  • the above arrangement is more conducive to the movement of light materials without affecting The fall of heavy materials and magnetic substances.
  • the limit net 120 is a cylindrical or cone-mounted net with a plurality of through holes.
  • the light material enters into it due to the effect of air flow, and due to the arrangement of the through holes, the air flow flows out from the through holes. It moves along the limit net 120 so as to move according to a preset trajectory.
  • the fourth driving member 72 includes a motor 721 and a spring 722.
  • the material guide plate 71 is connected to the bracket through the spring 722, and the motor 721 is connected to the material guide plate 71. After the motor 721 is started, Vibration starts under the action of the spring 722, and the above-mentioned structure is simple and easy to install.
  • the bacteria supply unit 3 is composed of a dry type bacteria seed box 36 and a powder spraying member 37.
  • the powder member 37 is arranged between the garbage crushing unit 4 and the central processing unit 2, and sprays the crushed garbage to mix the crushed garbage with bacteria.
  • the garbage resource treatment device of the present invention only needs to mix the crushed garbage and the catalytic bacteria that can be catalyzed and decomposed in the central processing unit 2, and the location of the bacteria supply unit 3 is different. Does not affect the implementation of the present invention.
  • the garbage disposal device of the present invention decomposes the garbage into at least one or more of organic fertilizer, non-decomposable light materials, non-decomposable heavy materials, and magnetic materials by means of physical and biological decomposition when processing domestic garbage, and passes
  • the corresponding sorting method is automatically sorted, and the next resource application can be directly carried out.
  • the present invention also provides a garbage processing method, based on the garbage processing element as described in any one of the above, including the following steps: spraying a bacterial agent that can accelerate decomposition into the garbage, crushing the garbage and putting it in for decomposition treatment, The organic fertilizer produced after decomposition is screened out, and the parts that cannot be decomposed are screened into non-decomposable light materials, non-decomposable heavy materials, and magnetic materials through winnowing, magnetic separation, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

一种垃圾资源化处理装置，用于处理生活垃圾，包括可以对垃圾进行分解处理的中心处理单元（2），以及与中心处理单元（2）的出口端连接的筛网（51）。

Description

垃圾资源化处理装置 技术领域
本发明涉及垃圾处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种垃圾资源化处理装置。
背景技术
垃圾的资源化、减量化被称为是当今世界环保措施的一大趋势。生活垃圾由于其含有污染指标较高被认为是城市中仅次于生活污水的第二大污染源。实现生活垃圾的资源化，可有效减低城市垃圾的数量，提高城市的卫生环境，预防疾病的发生。
生活垃圾是指村庄、小区、饭店、宾馆等餐饮业以及家庭、企事业单位、学校等公共食堂的食物下料残余。以及包装袋、废旧衣物、破碎餐具、碎玻璃、砖头、塑料片、包装盒、木片等等生活过程中产生的丢弃物，一般分为可回收垃圾、厨余垃圾、有害垃圾、其他垃圾等。
可回收垃圾主要有纸类、塑料、玻璃、金属物等，其中纸类主要包括报纸、期刊、图书、各种包装纸、办公用纸、广告纸、纸盒等等；塑料主要包括各种塑料袋、塑料包装物、一次性塑料餐盒和餐具、牙刷、杯子、矿泉水瓶等；玻璃主要包括各种玻璃瓶、碎玻璃片、镜子、灯泡、暖瓶等；金属物主要包括易拉罐、罐头盒、牙膏皮等；布料主要包括废弃衣服、桌布、洗脸巾、书包、鞋等。
厨余垃圾包括剩菜剩饭、骨头、菜根菜叶等食品类废物。
有害垃圾指不加妥善处理可能对环境造成危害或潜在危害的垃圾。比如萤光灯管,干电池，各种化学电池等含有有害物质的物品。
其他垃圾包括除上述几类垃圾之外的砖瓦陶瓷、渣土、卫生间废纸等难以回收的废弃物，采取填埋可有效减少对地下水、地表水、土壤及空气的污染。
生活垃圾具有如下特性。
1.高有机质含量：含有丰富的淀粉、蛋白质、肉类、油等。
2.高含水量：作为餐饮的剩余物质，泔脚的含水量约70％。
3.高油份及盐分含量：由于我国的饮食习惯，与外国的食物垃圾相比，我国的食物垃圾(包括泔脚)除产量高外，油份与盐分的含量也较高。
4.危害性大：生活垃圾极易变质、腐烂、发酵，滋生蚊蝇，传播疾病，产生大量毒素及散发恶臭气体，污染水体和大气。
5.资源性强：与其他垃圾相比，有含水率、有机物含量、盐分及油脂含量高，营养元素丰富等特点，具有很大的回收利用价值。回收的塑料、废旧衣物、包装盒、木片等可以作为垃圾焚烧发电的高燃值燃料。回收的砖头、碎玻璃、破碎餐具等可以作为垃圾填充物。
目前，我国正在推行垃圾分类收集，且不说我国的生活垃圾还没有形成分类储存的习惯，多数垃圾运到垃圾中转站后，又进行了混合。当前我国的垃圾分类基本采用的技术流程为：垃圾经板链式定量运输机输送至筛前手工分选输送机，经初步筛选后进行滚筒式分筛选，最后送至筛上物输送机。这种流程的缺点很明显，人工分拣环境恶劣，没有进行无害化处置，不能直接资源化利用。
目前，社区级的垃圾处理设备很少，且自动化程度低，很多社区级规模的生活垃圾处理设备在处理时，需要将生活垃圾中的杂物分拣出来，浪费大量的人力物力，且很多设备一旦分拣不彻底，混入碎玻璃、骨头、筷子等杂物，会导致设备卡机，需要仔细清理后， 方能再次工作，更有甚者，可能需要专业维修后才能再次正常工作，这样的处理设备，效率低下。
当前的社区级垃圾资源处理设备处于空白状态。社区级是个新词，需要界定技术边界
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存的问题，提出一种对生活垃圾进行分解，并对分解后的生活垃圾进行分拣的垃圾资源化处理装置。使用本垃圾资源化处理装置后，只需将生活垃圾中的有害垃圾在投递的时候投递到有害垃圾回收装置中，其他的生活垃圾可以直接进入本垃圾资源化处理装置进行资源化处理处置。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种垃圾资源化处理装置，用于处理生活垃圾，包括可以对垃圾进行分解处理的中心处理单元，以及与所述中心处理单元的出口端连接的筛网。
本发明所述的垃圾资源化处理装置，通过将生活垃圾在中心处理单元中分解处理后，通过在中心处理单元出口端设置筛网，可以快捷的将分解后产生的有机肥筛选出来，有助于下一步的资源化利用，同时也可以有助于下一步将没有分解的垃圾进行分拣。
作为本发明的进一步优化，所述筛网为圆柱或圆锥状，还包括与所述筛网连接以驱动所述筛网旋转的第三驱动件。
上述方案中，通过将所述筛网设置成圆柱或者圆锥状，并使其旋转，使得设于筛网上的可以将粘连在一起的有机肥或者吸附在未分解垃圾上的有机肥在滚动过程中分散或掉落，并从所述筛网的筛孔中落入预设的有机肥收集装置中。
作为本发明的进一步优化，还包括设于所述筛网远离所述中心处理单元一端的导料单元，所述导料单元包括导料板，以及与所述 导料板连接以使所述导料板震动的第四驱动件。
生活垃圾中，不可分解的物质根据其重量分为不可分解轻物和不可分解重物，其中，不可分解轻物多为可燃烧的垃圾，如木片、塑料、衣服等，不可分解重料多为石头、砖块、金属等，上述方案中，通过导料板和第三驱动件的设置，使得不可分解轻料和不可分解重料在导料板每次震动中移动的距离和速度均不相同，从而可以将不可分解的垃圾进行再一次分拣。
作为本发明的进一步优化，还包括供风单元，所述供风单元设于所述导料板的下方并向所述导料板远离所述中心处理单元的一端供风。
上述方案中，在通过导料板震动，使得包裹缠绕在不可分解的重料上的不可分解的轻料脱离，将不可分解的轻料和不可分解的重料初步分离后，在其下方设置供风单元，将不可分解轻料吹到预设的容器中，而不可分解的重物基本不受气流影响，按照原有路径移动，从而可以将上述两者进行有效地分拣。
作为本发明的进一步优化，所述导料板包括导料板本体，以及沿远离所述中心处理单元延伸的多个延伸条，多个延伸条间隔设置。
上述方案中，通过多个所述延伸条间隔设置，使得分解后的垃圾在所述延伸条上就可以受到所述供风单元提供的气流的影响，不可分解轻物在所述供风单元的作用下向预设的方向移动，从而与不可分解重物分离开，从而实现不可分解轻物和不可分解重物的分拣。
作为本发明的进一步优化，所述延伸条包括延伸条本体，以及设于所述延伸条本体远离所述导料板本体一侧的弯曲部，所述弯曲部沿远离所述延伸条本体的方向向上倾斜。
上述方案中，所述弯曲部的设置，避免不可分解轻料的直接滑落，同时，可以有效的控制不可分解重物的移动轨迹，从而可以有 效地进行分拣，防止混入。
作为本发明的进一步优化，所述第四驱动件包括与所述导料板连接的弹簧，以及与所述导料板连接的电机，所述弹簧与支架连接。
上述方案中，所述第四驱动件使用电机和弹簧的方式，既可以实现所述导料板的有效震动，且易于调节其振动频率或幅值，同时，通过弹簧的方式连接，结构简单且不易损坏。
作为本发明的进一步优化，还包括设于所述导料单元远离所述中心处理单元一侧的限位网。
上述方案中，所述限位网的设置，既可以有效地引导不可分解轻料的移动轨迹，又可以引导所述供风单元提供的气流流向，防止形成涡流或气流反吹。
作为本发明的进一步优化，还包括设于所述导料单元与所述限位网之间的磁选单元。
在有机肥分拣完成后，剩余的不可分解的物质，有些为磁性垃圾，如铁块、铁锭、镍片等可以被磁吸取的物质，还可以进一步的回收利用，上述方案中，通过所述磁选单元的设置，可以有效地将不可分解的垃圾中的磁性物质分拣出来，从而有效的进行下一步的分拣。
作为本发明的进一步优化，还包括设于所述磁选单元与所述限位网之间的第二收料口。
上述方案中，磁性物质在所述磁选单元的作用下进入预设容器中，不可分解重物并无其他外力的作用下，会掉入磁选单元与限位网之间的第二收料口，将所述磁性材料和其他不可分解重物有效地进行分拣。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下 面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明所述垃圾资源化处理装置实施例一的结构示意图；
图2为本发明所述垃圾资源化处理装置实施例二的结构示意图；
图3为本发明所述垃圾资源化处理装置的垃圾破碎单元的结构示意图；
图4为本发明所述垃圾资源化处理装置的导料单元的结构示意图；
图5为本发明中延伸条的结构示意图。
以上各图中，1、进料仓；2、中心处理单元；21、电控元件；3喷淋单元；31、喷淋头；32、喷淋泵；33、供菌箱；34、水箱；35、清洗泵；36、干式菌种箱；37、喷粉件；4、垃圾破碎单元；41、粉碎仓；411、排料口；42、粉碎件；43、压料板；44、第一驱动件；441、液压缸；442、驱动杆；443、支撑件；45、推料板；46、第二驱动件；47、限位槽；5、有机肥筛选单元；51、筛网；52、第三驱动件；53、第一收料口；6、磁选单元；7、导料单元；71、导料板；711、导料板本体；712、延伸条；7121、延伸条本体；7122、弯曲部；72、第四驱动件；721、电机；722、弹簧；73、第二收料口；8、供风单元；9、垃圾提升单元；100、捆扎单元；110、脱水输送单元；1101脱水输送件；1102、接水盘；1103、污水管；120、限位网。
具体实施方式
下面，通过示例性的实施方式对本发明进行具体描述。然而应当理解，在没有进一步叙述的情况下，一个实施方式中的元件、结构和特征也可以有益地结合到其他实施方式中。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“内”、“外”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
参考图1-5，本发明提出一种垃圾资源化处理装置，用于处理生活垃圾，包括垃圾提升单元9、进料仓1、喷淋单元3、垃圾破碎单元4、有机肥筛选单元5、磁选单元6、导料单元7、供风单元8、捆扎单元100、排水槽110和限位网120，生活垃圾在由上述单元处理后，可将其分解并分拣为有机肥、磁性物质、不可分解轻料和不可分解重料，并根据其各自用途分拣或打包，以便于再次进行资源化利用，其中，不可分解轻物多为可燃烧的生活垃圾，不可分解重料多为石头、砖块等，磁性物质多为铁钉或铁块等。
参考图1，垃圾桶首先通过所述垃圾提升单元9提升至所述进料仓1处，并将垃圾倒入所述进料仓1中，此处所述垃圾提升单元9包括与所述垃圾桶对应的卡接形式的组件，并通过液压缸和链条将垃圾桶提升，也可采用如电缸、电机加链条等形式，根据需要选择。
所述进料仓1，与所述垃圾提升单元9连接，接收所述垃圾提升单元9运输来的垃圾，所述进料仓1为漏斗状，以便于接收并将垃圾引导至预设的部件中。
所述喷淋单元3，设于所述进料仓1的上方或一侧，用于向所 述进料仓1中喷洒菌剂，所述喷淋单元3包括设于所述进料仓1上方的喷淋头31，与所述喷淋头31连接的喷淋泵32，与所述喷淋泵32连接的供菌箱33，以及水箱34和清洗泵35，此处所述喷淋头31为多个，均匀间隔的设置在所述进料仓1上方，在进料仓1有垃圾进入时，所述喷淋泵32启动，将所述供菌箱33中的菌剂通过所述喷淋头31喷洒在垃圾中，通过喷淋的方式，既可以有效地控制尘土，也可以起到除臭的效果。
所述垃圾破碎单元4，与所述进料仓1连接，在所述进料仓1中混合了菌剂的垃圾由所述进料仓1进入到所述垃圾破碎单元4中，所述垃圾破碎单元4包括：
粉碎仓41，设于所述进料仓1的下方，具有一定的容纳空间，内装粉碎件42，将进料仓1中落下的生活垃圾进行粉碎，所述粉碎仓41的侧部设有一排料口411，所述排料口411连接有预设的排出通道，所述排料口411可以设置为常开，也可以设置为通过电磁开关与所述挡板连接的常闭，该电磁开关与粉碎件42的电机连接，当检测到电机过载或粉碎件42卡住时，控制所述挡板移动，使得所述排料口411打开。
需要说明的是，电机的过载检测可以通过对电机电流或扭矩的检测实现，所述粉碎件42卡住的检测，可以通过如检测转速的转速传感器检测。
粉碎件42，设于所述粉碎仓41的下方，将粉碎仓41中的垃圾粉碎，此处所述粉碎件42优选为采用市面上常用的粉碎机，选择合适的通过尺寸即可；
压料板43，设于所述粉碎仓41的上方，与所述第一驱动件44连接，当所述粉碎仓41中的垃圾量不变，且粉碎件42正常运转时，即可判断粉碎件42在空转，有如玻璃瓶、树枝或棉被等物质导致 垃圾无法正常粉碎，此时所述第一驱动件44驱动所述压料板43下压，将所述粉碎仓41中的垃圾压在所述粉碎件42上，以便可以快速的将垃圾粉碎。
参考图3，所述第一驱动件44包括液压缸441，与所述液压缸441移动的一端铰接的驱动杆442，与所述驱动杆442的一端铰接的支撑件443，未使用时，所述驱动杆442与所述支撑件443呈类似垂直设置，所述液压缸441与所述驱动杆442呈如图2所示的角度设置，所述压料板43设于所述第一驱动件44的另一端，所述液压缸441驱动所述驱动杆442绕铰接点转动，使得所述驱动杆442驱动所述压料板43向所述粉碎仓41中移动，上述结构设置可以使得所述压料板43和所述第一驱动件44设于所述粉碎仓41斜上方，不易影响垃圾的进入。
需要说明的是，上述方案中，所述液压缸441也可使用如气缸、电缸或电机齿轮推进等能够产生行程的方式驱动所述驱动杆442移动。
需要说明的是，此处所述第一驱动件44也可采用其他形式，如直接设于所述粉碎仓41上方的液压缸，也可以采用设置在所述粉碎仓41一侧，设置相应的可开关的面板和驱动装置，可以根据需要设置。
所述推料板45，呈纵向设置，与所述第二驱动件46连接，所述第二驱动件46设于所述限位槽47中，从而引导并限制所述推料板45的移动轨迹，所述限位槽47设于所述粉碎仓41与所述粉碎件42之间，所述限位槽47在沿所述粉碎仓41的径向方向上设有相应的通孔，以便于垃圾通过，所述推料板45与所述限位槽47的尺寸相适应，从而使得所述推料板45只能沿着所述限位槽47移动，所述第二驱动件46可以选用电缸、气缸、液压缸等，所述第二驱 动件46也可与所述粉碎件42电性连接，当检测到所述粉碎件42被卡住或过载时，所述第二驱动件46启动。
需要说明的是，所述推料板45的上方设置有一水平放置的挡板，该挡板的长度与所述破碎仓41底部的长度一致或略大于所述破碎仓41底部的长度，该挡板与所述第二驱动件46连接，当所述第二驱动件46推动所述推料板45时，该挡板随之移动，从而将所述破碎仓41底部封住，防止垃圾掉落在所述推料板45与所述第二驱动件46之间。
所述中心处理单元2，与所述垃圾破碎单元4连接，接收由所述垃圾破碎单元4粉碎过的垃圾，并进行分解处理，所述中心处理单元2主要包括发酵滚筒、密封元件、底座、支撑元件、传感器、电控元件21、传动元件、加热元件、驱动元件、进料口、出料元件、外壳等，所述密封元件用于密封发酵滚筒，并提供外连接口，用于连接进料口、出料元件等，由前密封盖、后密封盖组成。所述发酵滚筒为生活垃圾完成生化反应提供场所和环境，发酵滚筒前端与前密封盖活动连接，后端与后密封盖活动连接。所述机座用于固定整个处理元件，主要用于固定传动元件、驱动元件、发酵滚筒、前后密封盖、电控元件21、外壳等。所述传感器用于检测整个元件的重要物理量，至少包括各类物料的位置传感器、温度传感器、湿度传感器、含氧量传感器、PH计中的一种或几种。所述电控元件21是主要的综合控制系统，用于完成所述中心处理单元2的智能化控制，主要完成控制滚筒的转动、温度、湿度调控、传感器数据读取及生化过程控制等功能。传动元件主要完成各种电信号和机械动作的转换，将电控系统的各种指令转化为由驱动元件带动各种机械动作，主要包括发酵滚筒正反转动、停止，加热元件的启动与关闭等动作。同时，为了防止发酵滚筒发生横向位移，传动元件可 以设置止挡元件。加热元件主要完成加热功能，为发酵滚筒内的生活垃圾的生化反应提供温度、湿度条件，同时，为了调节供氧量，加热元件优选供氧加热元件，如用鼓风机和热风机组合等，用于催化可生化分解物的生化反应。外壳加装在中心处理单元2的外面，用于安装中心处理单元2的各个部件。
需要说明的是，本实施例中还包括脱水输送单元110，设于所述中心处理单元2与所述粉碎单元4之间，所述脱水输送单元110包括脱水输送件1101、接水盘1102和污水管1103，所述脱水输送件1101用于对垃圾进行脱水并传送，污水通过所述接水盘1102和所述污水管1103排出。
需要说明的是，上述设置仅为一种实施方式，也可采用与所述中心处理单元2连接，将其中反应后的污水排出的形式。
所述有机肥筛选单元5，与所述中心处理单元2连接，用于将由所述中心处理单元2中分解的有机肥分拣出来。所述有机肥筛选单元5包括筛网51，以及与所述筛网51连接的第三驱动件52，所述筛网51为圆柱状或圆锥状，所述第三驱动件52驱动所述筛网51旋转，从而将由所述中心处理单元2中分解的有机肥震成效颗粒，并由所述筛网51的筛孔中下落至所述第一收料口51中，所述第三驱动件52优选为使用电机，转速易于控制。
需要说明的是，此处所述筛网51和所述第三驱动件52也采用如振动筛的形式。
所述磁选单元6，设于所述有机肥筛选单元5之后，在将有机肥分拣之后，剩余物质基本包括不可分解的轻料，不可分解的重料和磁性物质组成，而磁性物质多为铁钉或铁块等，通过所述磁选单元6将其筛选后，可以进行进一步利用，此处所述磁选单元6优选为采用磁选机。
所述导料单元7设于所述筛网51之后，包括导料板71和第四驱动件72，所述第四驱动件72用于驱动所述导料板71震动，使得所述导料板71上的物质向远离所述筛网51的方向移动，且由于轻料和重料密度不同，其在所述导料板71上随之震动时，其移动的速度和位移也均不相同，所述供风单元8设于所述导料板71的下方，并向所述限位网120的方向供风，所述限位网120设于所述导料板71远离所述筛网51的一侧，在所述导料板71的终端处，轻料由于震动和气流的因素，被吹到所述限位网120内，而重物和磁性材料由于重力作用下，在所述导料板71的终端处下落，而在磁选单元6的作用下，磁性物质被选到相应的收料口，而重物进入所述第二收料口73中，轻料在经过所述限位网120后，经捆扎单元100捆扎成型。
参考图4-5，上述方案中，所述导料板71由导料板本体711和延伸条712组成，所述延伸条712设于所述导料板本体711远离所述筛网51的一侧，并向远离所述筛网51的方向延伸，所述导料板本体711为实体板，所述延伸条712为多个，间隔的设置在所述导料板本体711上，从而所述供风单元8吹出的气流可以由其间隙向轻料作用，将轻料吹至所述限位网120中，优选的是，所述延伸条712包括延伸条本体7121，以及设于所述延伸条本体7121远离所述导料板本体711一侧的弯曲部7122，所述弯曲部7122沿远离所述导料板本体711的方向向上倾斜，上述设置更有利于轻料的移动，且不影响重料和磁性物质的下落。
需要说明的是，所述限位网120为具有多个通孔的柱状或锥装的网，轻料由于气流的作用进入其中，并由于其通孔的设置，气流从通孔流出，轻料沿限位网120移动，从而按照预设的轨迹移动。
所述第四驱动件72包括电机721和弹簧722，所述导料板71 通过所述弹簧722与支架连接，所述电机721与所述导料板71连接，在所述电机721启动后，在所述弹簧722的作用下开始震动，上述结构简单且易于安装。
参考图2，为本发明所述垃圾资源化处理装置的实施例二，与上述实施例不同的是，所述供菌单元3由干式菌种箱36和喷粉件37组成，所述喷粉件37设于所述垃圾破碎单元4与所述中心处理单元2之间，向经过粉碎的垃圾中喷洒，使粉碎的垃圾与菌种混合。
需要说明的是，本发明所述的垃圾资源化处理装置其将粉碎的垃圾与可以催化分解的催化菌种在所述中心处理单元2中混合即可，所述供菌单元3的设置位置并不影响本发明的实施。
本发明所述的垃圾处理装置，处理生活垃圾时，通过物理和生物分解的方式将垃圾分解为有机肥、不可分解轻料、不可分解重料、磁性材料中至少一种或几种，并通过相应的分拣方式进行自动分拣，并可直接进行下一步的资源应用。
本发明还提出一种垃圾处理方法，基于如上任一项中所述的垃圾处理元件，包括以下步骤：向垃圾中喷洒可加速分解的菌剂，将垃圾进行粉碎放入并进行分解处理，将分解后产生的有机肥筛选出来，通过风选、磁选等方式将无法分解处理的部分筛选分为不可分解的轻料、不可分解的重料和磁性材料。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例应用于其它领域，但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型，仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种垃圾资源化处理装置，用于处理生活垃圾，其特征在于，包括可以对垃圾进行分解处理的中心处理单元，以及与所述中心处理单元的出口端连接的筛网。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的垃圾资源化处理装置，其特征在于，所述筛网为圆柱或圆锥状，还包括与所述筛网连接以驱动所述筛网旋转的第三驱动件。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的垃圾资源化处理装置，其特征在于，还包括设于所述筛网远离所述中心处理单元一端的导料单元，所述导料单元包括与导料板，以及与所述导料板连接以使所述导料板震动的第四驱动件。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的垃圾资源化处理装置，其特征在于，还包括供风单元，所述供风单元设于所述导料板的下方并向所述导料板远离所述中心处理单元的一端供风。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的垃圾资源化处理装置，其特征在于，所述导料板包括导料板本体，以及沿远离所述中心处理单元延伸的多个延伸条，多个延伸条间隔设置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的垃圾资源化处理装置，其特征在于，所述延伸条包括延伸条本体，以及设于所述延伸条本体远离所述导料板本体一侧的弯曲部，所述弯曲部沿远离所述延伸条本体的方向向上倾斜。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的垃圾资源化处理装置，其特征在于，所述第四驱动件包括与所述导料板连接的弹簧，以及与所述导料板连接的电机，所述弹簧与支架连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的垃圾资源化处理装置，其特征在于， 还包括设于所述导料单元远离所述中心处理单元一侧的限位网。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的垃圾资源化处理装置，其特征在于，还包括设于所述导料单元与所述限位网之间的磁选单元。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的垃圾资源化处理装置，其特征在于，还包括设于所述磁选单元与所述限位网之间的第二收料口。
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