WO2020258802A1 - Procédé de calcul de la résistance à la perte de fer d'un moteur à fréquence variable tout en prenant en compte les ondes harmoniques mli - Google Patents

Procédé de calcul de la résistance à la perte de fer d'un moteur à fréquence variable tout en prenant en compte les ondes harmoniques mli Download PDF

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WO2020258802A1
WO2020258802A1 PCT/CN2019/128886 CN2019128886W WO2020258802A1 WO 2020258802 A1 WO2020258802 A1 WO 2020258802A1 CN 2019128886 W CN2019128886 W CN 2019128886W WO 2020258802 A1 WO2020258802 A1 WO 2020258802A1
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motor
iron loss
loss
pwm
coefficient
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PCT/CN2019/128886
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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张冬冬
武新章
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西安交通大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2688—Measuring quality factor or dielectric loss, e.g. loss angle, or power factor
    • G01R27/2694—Measuring dielectric loss, e.g. loss angle, loss factor or power factor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/30—Circuit design
    • G06F30/36—Circuit design at the analogue level
    • G06F30/367—Design verification, e.g. using simulation, simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis [SPICE], direct methods or relaxation methods

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  • the invention belongs to the field of AC motor loss analysis and calculation, and specifically relates to a method for calculating the iron loss resistance of a frequency conversion motor under PWM harmonic conditions.
  • the PWM variable frequency drive system is highly integrated with the induction motor.
  • the PWM variable frequency drive contains a large number of harmonic components, which have a great influence on the loss of induction motors.
  • the iron loss of the PWM variable frequency power supply induction motor should be quickly and accurately calculated.
  • the iron loss of induction motors can generally be calculated by road calculation (analytic calculation method) or field calculation (finite element method). Due to the consideration of the complex geometry and material properties of the motor, the iron loss calculated based on the finite element method is more accurate. However, the calculation amount of the iron loss model based on the finite element method is very large, which brings great difficulty to the real-time acquisition of iron loss.
  • the parameters required for motor control are all parameters in the induction motor equivalent circuit (path calculation parameters). Therefore, in order to optimize the efficiency of induction motors from the perspective of motor control, it is necessary to accurately account for the iron loss equivalent resistance in the induction motor equivalent circuit.
  • the equivalent resistance of the equivalent iron loss needs to be able to be calculated using the parameters in the equivalent circuit of the induction motor (obtained using analytical calculation methods).
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for calculating the iron loss resistance of a frequency conversion motor under PWM harmonic conditions.
  • the method is based on the piecewise variable coefficient iron loss model, and the induction motor
  • the iron loss resistance is expressed as a function of induced potential and speed, and it takes into account the additional iron loss caused by the harmonics of the PWM inverter and the surface and pulsation loss caused by the motor spatial harmonics, with high processing accuracy.
  • the invention discloses a method for calculating the iron loss resistance of a frequency conversion motor under the condition of PWM harmonics.
  • the magnetic density and frequency variables in the piecewise variable coefficient model are replaced with induced potential and speed variables respectively; the change of the basic iron loss of the motor with the power frequency is taken into account by the piecewise variable coefficient method, In this way, the basic iron loss of the variable frequency motor under the PWM harmonic conditions can be obtained.
  • the specific method for establishing the basic iron loss of the variable frequency motor under PWM harmonic conditions is as follows:
  • B m is the amplitude of the fundamental magnetic density
  • k h and ⁇ are the coefficients of the classical hysteresis loss term
  • f is the fundamental frequency of the supply voltage
  • k 1 and ⁇ 1 are the magnetic density term coefficients of the additional hysteresis loss, k 1 and ⁇ 1 Changes with magnetic density and frequency
  • N * is the equivalent number of turns per phase of the stator
  • S is the equivalent core cross-sectional area of the motor
  • E m1 is the amplitude of the fundamental induced electric potential
  • p is the pole of the motor logarithm
  • k e is the coefficient of the classical eddy current loss term
  • k 2 and ⁇ 2 are the coefficients of the additional eddy current loss magnetic density term
  • k 2 and ⁇ 2 vary with magnetic density and frequency.
  • the basic iron loss of the motor by the harmonics of the PWM inverter is also taken into account by introducing the coefficients related to the output voltage of the PWM inverter. With the influence.
  • the hysteresis and eddy current loss caused by the harmonics of the power supply voltage are compensated by a coefficient related to the power supply voltage of the induction motor, and the compensated hysteresis loss P H_PWM and eddy current loss P E_PWM are respectively:
  • E av is the average value of induced electric potential
  • E av1 is the average value of fundamental induced electric potential
  • E rms is the effective value of induced electric potential
  • E rms1 is the effective value of fundamental induced electric potential
  • e(t) is induced electric potential A function of time
  • T is the period of the fundamental wave of the induced electromotive force.
  • the influence of the motor cogging on the iron loss of the variable frequency motor is also considered.
  • stator pulsation loss P psL and rotor pulsation loss P prL of the induction motor caused by the slotting of the motor are respectively:
  • Z 2 is the number of rotor teeth
  • G t1 and G t2 are the weights of the stator and rotor teeth respectively
  • K L1 and K L2 are the harmonic load coefficients of the stator and rotor teeth respectively
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are The coefficients related to the slot width are as follows:
  • the total pulsation loss P pL of the stator and rotor of the variable frequency motor is:
  • the iron loss equivalent resistance R Fe is shown in equation (26), and equation (26) feedbacks that the iron loss resistance changes with the change of induced potential and speed:
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the method for obtaining the iron loss resistance of the frequency conversion motor disclosed in the present invention replaces the magnetic density and frequency variables of the piecewise variable coefficient model with the induced potential and speed variables, and takes into account the basic iron loss of the motor with the power frequency through the piecewise variable coefficient method.
  • the coefficients related to the output voltage of the PWM inverter are introduced to account for the influence of the harmonics of the PWM inverter on the basic iron loss of the motor. Therefore, it is very convenient to suppress the basic iron loss of the motor when considering the harmonic conditions of the PWM inverter from the perspective of motor control;
  • the method for obtaining the iron loss resistance of the frequency conversion motor disclosed in the present invention takes into account the influence of the motor cogging on the iron loss of the frequency conversion motor, and formulates the fundamental wave amplitude and speed of the part of the loss induced electric potential. Therefore, it brings great convenience to suppress the loss caused by the motor cogging from the perspective of motor control;
  • the method for obtaining iron loss resistance disclosed in the present invention is not only suitable for solving iron loss resistance of ordinary variable frequency induction motors, but also can be used for permanent magnet motors, switched reluctance motors and other types of motors;
  • an accurate frequency conversion motor equivalent circuit under the condition of iron loss can be obtained. Specifically, taking a 5.5kW and a 30kW variable frequency induction motor as an example, their iron loss resistance change law is obtained. And use the two induction motors to verify the effectiveness of the method of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an induction motor taking into account the iron loss of the motor
  • Figure 2 shows the measured line voltage and current of the 5.5kW variable frequency motor at rated power supply
  • Figure 3 shows the measured line voltage and current of the 30kW variable frequency motor when the rated power is supplied
  • Figure 4 shows the change rule of iron loss resistance of 5.5kW induction motor
  • Figure 5 shows the change rule of iron loss resistance of 30kW induction motor
  • Figure 6a shows the comparison between calculation and actual measurement of iron loss of 5.5kW induction motor under sinusoidal power supply
  • Figure 6b shows the comparison between calculation and actual measurement of iron loss of 5.5kW induction motor under variable frequency power supply
  • Figure 7a shows the comparison between the iron loss calculation and actual measurement of a 30kW induction motor when the power supply is sinusoidal
  • Fig. 7b shows the comparison between calculation and actual measurement of iron loss of 30kW induction motor under variable frequency power supply.
  • the invention proposes a method for calculating the iron loss resistance of a frequency conversion motor under the condition of PWM harmonics. Based on a piecewise variable coefficient iron loss model, the iron loss resistance of an induction motor is expressed as a function of induced potential and speed. This method takes into account the additional iron loss caused by the harmonics of the PWM inverter and the surface and pulsation loss caused by the spatial harmonics of the motor.
  • the specific method for establishing the iron loss resistance of the frequency conversion motor under the conditions of PWM harmonics is as follows:
  • the limitation of the classic iron loss model is that when the magnetic density is greater than 1.2T or the frequency exceeds 400Hz, the iron loss value calculated by the classic model is smaller than the measured value; all the coefficients in the classic model are constant coefficients, so it cannot be applied to the motor When the magnetic density of the core has a large range of amplitude or frequency.
  • the hysteresis loss of the induction motor can be obtained by the following formula:
  • k 1 and ⁇ 1 are the additional hysteresis loss magnetic density term coefficients, which vary with magnetic density and frequency.
  • the eddy current loss of induction motor can be obtained by the following formula:
  • k 2 and ⁇ 2 are the additional eddy current loss magnetic density term coefficients, which vary with magnetic density and frequency.
  • N * is the equivalent number of turns per phase of the stator
  • S is the equivalent core cross-sectional area of the motor
  • t is the time
  • B(t) the magnetic flux density
  • E m1 is the amplitude of the fundamental induced electric potential.
  • p is the number of pole pairs of the motor.
  • induction motors generally use variable frequency speed regulation, their supply voltage is not a standard sine wave.
  • the hysteresis and eddy current loss caused by the harmonics of the supply voltage can be compensated by the coefficient related to the supply voltage of the induction motor.
  • the compensated hysteresis and eddy current loss are respectively:
  • induction motors generally use distributed winding structures to eliminate the air gap magnetic field generated by the 5, 7, 11, and 13 sub-space harmonic magnetomotive forces. Even if the motor stator uses full-pitch windings, compared to the first-tooth harmonic magnetic field. The iron loss of 5, 7, 11 and 13 sub-space harmonic magnetomotive force is negligible. Therefore, the present invention only takes into account the iron loss caused by the primary tooth harmonics. When ignoring voltage harmonics, the air gap magnetic density B ⁇ can be obtained by the following formula:
  • B ⁇ is the flux density
  • ⁇ 'p is the pole arc coefficient is calculated, related to the degree of core saturation
  • l motor air-gap width.
  • the surface loss of the tooth harmonic magnetic field caused by the stator slot on the rotor surface is related to the stator tooth pitch t 1 , the rotor tooth pitch t 2 , the motor speed ⁇ , and the rotor slot width b 02 .
  • the surface additional loss can be obtained by equation (15)
  • C surf0 is the no-load surface additional loss coefficient.
  • k 0 is a coefficient related to the material and processing factors of the silicon steel sheet
  • K ⁇ 1 is the air gap coefficient when the stator is slotted and the rotor surface is smooth
  • ⁇ 01 is the function of the width of the stator notch.
  • K L1 is the harmonic load factor of the stator teeth, and its value is a factor related to the motor load and the size of the stator and rotor cogging.
  • K L2 is the harmonic load factor of the rotor teeth
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the coefficients related to the width of the stator and rotor slots respectively, as shown in the following formula:
  • the iron loss of the motor is equal to the loss caused by the iron loss resistance on the induced potential.
  • the total iron consumption of the frequency conversion motor is shown in equation (25).
  • the change of the iron loss resistance with the speed and the modulation coefficient of the PWM frequency converter is calculated as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the switching frequency of the inverter is 5kHz.
  • the ratio of the induced potential to the frequency is guaranteed to remain unchanged; when the synchronous speed exceeds the rated synchronous speed, the induced potential is taken as a constant value. It can be seen that the higher the modulation factor of the PWM inverter, the higher the speed of the induction motor, the greater the iron loss equivalent resistance.
  • the method of the present invention based on the analytical method, the classical model based on the time-step finite element and the piecewise variable coefficient model are used to calculate the performance of a 5.5kW variable-frequency induction motor with specifications shown in Table 1 under the condition of sinusoidal power supply with different supply voltages. Iron loss.
  • Table 1 under the condition of sinusoidal power supply with different supply voltages. Iron loss.
  • Figure 6a and Figure 6b The comparison between actual measurement and simulation is shown in Figure 6a and Figure 6b. It can be seen that the calculated value of the method of the present invention and the piecewise variable coefficient model is very close to the actual measured value.
  • the method of the present invention based on the analytical method, the classical model based on the time-step finite element and the piecewise variable coefficient model are used to calculate the iron of a 30kW variable frequency induction motor with different supply voltages and sinusoidal power supply conditions as shown in Table 2. Consumption.
  • the comparison between actual measurement and simulation is shown in Figure 7a and Figure 7b. It can be seen that the calculated values of the method of the present invention and the segmented variable coefficient model are very close to the actual measured values.
  • the present invention discloses a method for obtaining the iron loss resistance of a variable frequency motor under PWM harmonic conditions. Based on the piecewise variable coefficient iron loss model, the induction motor iron loss is expressed as a function of induced potential and speed . This method takes into account the additional iron loss caused by the harmonics of the PWM inverter, and considers the influence of the motor's spatial harmonic components on the surface of the stator and rotor teeth and the pulsation loss. Based on the analytical calculation method of the iron loss of the PWM variable-frequency power supply induction motor, the present invention obtains the equivalent circuit model of the variable-frequency induction motor under the condition of considering the iron loss.
  • the method of the present invention is used to obtain their equivalent resistance change law. And using the method of the present invention, the classical model based on time-stepping finite element and the piecewise variable coefficient model based on time-stepping finite element respectively, the iron losses of the above two frequency conversion induction motors at different speeds are calculated, and compared with the actual measurement, the comparison result shows The method in this paper has high accuracy.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de calcul de la résistance à la perte de fer d'un moteur à fréquence variable tout en prenant en compte les ondes harmoniques MLI, qui appartient au domaine de l'analyse et du calcul de perte d'un moteur à courant alternatif. Le procédé est utilisé pour exprimer la résistance à la consommation de fer d'un moteur à induction en fonction du potentiel d'induction et de la vitesse de rotation sur la base d'un modèle de perte de fer à coefficient variable segmenté. Selon le procédé, une perte de fer supplémentaire générée par les ondes harmoniques d'un convertisseur de fréquence MLI et une perte d'impulsion de surface et de vibration générée par les ondes harmoniques spatiales du moteur sont prises en compte. En utilisant le procédé, un circuit équivalent de moteur à fréquence variable précis tout en tenant compte de la perte de fer peut être acquis. Enfin, en prenant un moteur à induction à fréquence variable de 5,5 kW et un moteur à induction à fréquence variable de 30 kW comme exemples, une règle de changement de la résistance à la perte de fer des moteurs à induction à fréquence variable est acquise. Les deux moteurs à induction sont utilisés pour vérifier l'efficacité de ce procédé.
PCT/CN2019/128886 2019-06-28 2019-12-26 Procédé de calcul de la résistance à la perte de fer d'un moteur à fréquence variable tout en prenant en compte les ondes harmoniques mli WO2020258802A1 (fr)

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CN110362890B (zh) * 2019-06-28 2021-03-16 西安交通大学 一种计及pwm谐波条件下的变频电机铁耗电阻的计算方法
CN111596208B (zh) * 2020-04-23 2022-05-31 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所） 一种永磁电机损耗在线测试装置及其方法
CN113049998B (zh) * 2021-02-08 2021-11-02 华北电力大学（保定） 多谐波激励作用下铁磁材料损耗预测方法
CN113328674B (zh) * 2021-06-07 2022-08-09 广西大学 一种计及时空谐波条件的高速永磁电机永磁体损耗补偿方法及系统
CN113361167B (zh) * 2021-06-07 2023-05-19 常州工学院 一种基于转速的高速电机铁耗快速计算方法

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