WO2020258589A1 - 煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法 - Google Patents

煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法 Download PDF

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WO2020258589A1
WO2020258589A1 PCT/CN2019/110750 CN2019110750W WO2020258589A1 WO 2020258589 A1 WO2020258589 A1 WO 2020258589A1 CN 2019110750 W CN2019110750 W CN 2019110750W WO 2020258589 A1 WO2020258589 A1 WO 2020258589A1
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gas
coal seam
drilling
coal
borehole
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PCT/CN2019/110750
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王恩元
汪浩
欧建春
沈荣喜
王喜元
李保林
李忠辉
刘晓斐
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中国矿业大学
徐州福安科技有限公司
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Application filed by 中国矿业大学, 徐州福安科技有限公司 filed Critical 中国矿业大学
Priority to US17/043,728 priority Critical patent/US11174722B2/en
Priority to AU2019440174A priority patent/AU2019440174B2/en
Publication of WO2020258589A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020258589A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Mining
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/01—Devices for supporting measuring instruments on drill bits, pipes, rods or wirelines; Protecting measuring instruments in boreholes against heat, shock, pressure or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of coal mine geology and safety technology, in particular to an inversion calculation method for rapid testing of coal seam gas parameters while drilling.
  • Coalbed methane parameters include evaluation of coalbed methane resources, coalbed methane development, analysis of the occurrence of coalbed methane, identification of coalbed outburst hazard, prediction of coalbed outburst hazard, calculation of coalbed gas resources, coalbed methane extraction design, coal and gas outburst prevention and control
  • my country's coal seam outburst hazard identification, detection and regional prediction, and regional outburst prevention measures inspection are mainly carried out by testing and analyzing major indicators such as coal seam gas pressure and gas content.
  • the coal seam gas content and other parameters are mainly tested by sampling, and the coal seam gas pressure is mainly obtained by the sealing balance test method or the back calculation of the coal seam gas content.
  • the current coal seam gas content measurement method is more accurate, and the sampling process is more complicated.
  • the sampling process, sampling time, sampling method, sampling location representativeness and initial loss back calculation are factors that affect the accuracy of coal seam gas content measurement. great influence.
  • the drilling length or depth is large, it is even more impossible to achieve.
  • the very common drilling chip extraction method is used to quickly test the gas content of coal seams.
  • the sampling point is worse, the accuracy of the sampling time length is lower, and the test error is large.
  • the verification of regional outburst prevention measures and the local outburst hazard of the working face are mainly tested and judged by indicators such as drilling cuttings gas desorption index or drilling gas emission initial velocity.
  • Drilling indicators such as drilling cuttings gas desorption index or initial velocity of gas emission from drilling are mainly tested after retreating shallow holes in the working face.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for real-time and rapid calculation of coal seam gas parameters at the position of the drill bit while drilling without affecting the drilling and without the need to replace drill rods, which solves the problem that the current coal seam gas parameter test points are few, There is little data, coal seam gas parameters and outburst hazard cannot be tested while drilling, on-site real-time testing, coal seam gas parameters and outburst hazard testing time is long, the process is complicated, and the coal seam gas parameters that cannot fully and accurately reflect the actual distribution of coal seam gas and outburst hazard Inversion calculation method for rapid testing while drilling.
  • the present invention also provides a rapid testing device for coal seam gas parameters while drilling, including a drainage system, which also includes an opening corresponding to the coal seam borehole or coal-through borehole.
  • a drainage system which also includes an opening corresponding to the coal seam borehole or coal-through borehole.
  • the present invention is achieved through the following measures: an inversion calculation method for rapid testing of coal seam gas parameters while drilling, the specific content is: when drilling a hole in the coal seam, the gas flow rate and gas concentration at the orifice are tested in real time while drilling, and the calculation is calculated Real-time borehole gas emission and average borehole gas emission from the orifice, the gas pressure of the coal seam at the drill bit is calculated based on the inversion of the borehole and coal seam permeability parameters, and the gas content of the coal seam is calculated according to the relationship between gas content and gas pressure .
  • the method specifically includes the following steps:
  • the compiled ground monitoring and analysis software automatically calculates the coal seam gas pressure in the test section where the drill bit is drilled, and according to the coal adsorption Constants and environmental parameters, calculate the coal seam gas content;
  • the compiled surface monitoring and analysis software automatically calculates the test section according to the input drilling parameters, exposure time of each coal section, coal seam permeability, and average borehole gas flow Coal seam gas pressure, and calculate coal seam gas content according to coal adsorption constant and environmental parameters;
  • the gas gas comprehensive parameter tester automatically records the gas flow and gas concentration in each time period, and prepares the ground monitoring and analysis
  • the software calculates the natural gas emission rate from the borehole, and then calculates the air permeability coefficient and permeability of this section of the coal seam, and corrects the calculated coal seam gas content or pressure parameters.
  • the inversion calculation method of the coal seam gas pressure is specifically: during the drilling process of the drilling rig, the gas at the orifice is integrated
  • the parameter tester records the gas flow, gas concentration and real-time borehole gas emission during the drilling process in real time, calculates the average borehole gas emission, and inverts different coal seams according to the average borehole gas emission
  • the gas characteristic parameters at the location, the total amount of gas drained by the orifice gas drainage system is formed by three parts, which are the amount of gas released by the newly formed borehole wall during the process of drilling into the coal seam by the rig, and the amount of gas released from the borehole wall
  • the coal seam gas pressure at the drill bit is:
  • pi is the gas pressure in coal seam point is calculated;
  • Q segment is always calculated from the measured total gas emission quantity;
  • t 0 is the first time to see coal, t 1, t 2, ...
  • t n is calculated gas parameters selected Seam
  • ⁇ t t n -t n-1
  • Q 0 is the gas emission intensity of drill cuttings at the initial time of exposure, m 3 /t ⁇ min
  • ⁇ 1 is the gas attenuation coefficient of drill cuttings, min -1
  • V drilling is the drilling speed of the borehole, m/s
  • l rock and l coal are the length of the formed rock and the length of the coal seam respectively, m
  • S section is the borehole section area , M 2
  • ⁇ is the bulk density of the coal body, kg/m 3
  • q is the gas emission per unit area on the coal wall m 3 /m 2 ⁇ min
  • ⁇ 2 is the gas attenuation coefficient of
  • the gas pressure of the i-th coal hole section must be calculated first. Since the gas pressure of each branch hole is different, and q i is different, the gas pressure of any coal hole section can be calculated according to the above formula (3), and then according to the formula:
  • Drill cuttings gas attenuation coefficient ⁇ 1 and borehole wall gas attenuation coefficient ⁇ 2 can be measured through experiments and field tests;
  • Coal seam gas content X mi can be calculated from the relationship between gas content and gas pressure, based on coal seam gas adsorption constant and environmental parameters.
  • the gas flow rate and gas concentration of the borehole orifice are tested in real time while drilling, and the gas gas comprehensive parameter tester and drainage
  • the system calculates the real-time gas emission from the borehole, and then calculates the average gas emission from the borehole.
  • the time interval is the time corresponding to the drilling distance of 2-5 meters.
  • the corresponding measured coal seam permeability parameters are used for different drilling holes, and there is no actual measured coal seam permeability.
  • the original coal seam can use the original coal seam permeability value of the coal seam in the area.
  • the present invention tests the average gas emission from the hole during a certain section of the drilling process in real time while drilling, and calculates the coal seam at the drill bit based on drilling parameters, exposure time of each coal section, and coal seam permeability.
  • the gas pressure is calculated based on the coal adsorption constant and the environmental parameters, which solves the problem that the current gas parameter test points are few and the data is small, and the coal seam gas parameters and outburst risk cannot be tested while drilling, on-site, and real-time.
  • the outburst hazard test time is long, the process is complicated, and it cannot fully and accurately reflect the actual distribution of coal seam gas and outburst hazard.
  • Drill pipe time is accurate, convenient, real-time, and fast. It can test and calculate the advantages of coal seam gas parameters in all sections of the full borehole length. It can be widely used in coal seam gas parameters while drilling testing, coal seam outburst hazard testing while drilling, and gas drainage, Anti-outburst effect inspection, etc., is also suitable for main holes and branch holes of through-bed drilling, coal seam directional drilling, especially for long and deep drilling.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of directional drilling and drilling arrangement in a coal and gas outburst mine 12171 wind tunnel drilling field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution and change of coal seam gas parameters along the length of the borehole in the embodiment of the present invention, and the comparison result with the measured value of coal seam gas content.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution and change of coal seam gas parameters along the length of the borehole in the embodiment of the present invention, and the comparison result with the measured value of coal seam gas content.
  • the invention is an inversion calculation method for rapid testing of coal seam gas parameters while drilling, specifically: when drilling a hole in a coal seam, real-time testing of the gas flow and gas concentration at the borehole orifice while drilling is used to calculate the real-time drilling of the orifice Hole gas emission volume and average borehole gas emission volume are calculated based on the inversion of drilling and coal seam permeability parameters to calculate the coal seam gas pressure at the drill bit, and the coal seam gas content calculated according to the relationship between gas content and gas pressure.
  • the method specifically includes the following steps:
  • the compiled ground monitoring and analysis software automatically calculates the coal seam gas pressure in the test section where the drill bit is drilled, and according to the coal adsorption Constants and environmental parameters, calculate the coal seam gas content;
  • the compiled ground monitoring and analysis calculation software will automatically be based on the input drilling parameters, the exposure time of each coal section of each hole, coal seam permeability, and average drilling gas flow. Calculate the coal seam gas pressure in the test section, and calculate the coal seam gas content according to the coal adsorption constant and environmental parameters;
  • the gas gas comprehensive parameter tester automatically records the gas flow and gas concentration in each time period, and prepares the ground monitoring and analysis
  • the software calculates the natural gas emission rate from the borehole, and then calculates the air permeability coefficient and permeability of this section of the coal seam, and corrects the calculated coal seam gas content or pressure parameters.
  • the inversion calculation method of the coal seam gas pressure is specifically as follows: during the drilling process of the drilling rig, the gas comprehensive parameter tester at the orifice records real-time gas flow, gas concentration and real-time drilling during the drilling process. Gas emission volume, calculate the average borehole gas emission volume, according to the average borehole gas emission volume to invert the gas characteristic parameters at different positions of the coal seam, the total amount of gas drained by the orifice gas drainage system is composed of three Partially formed, respectively, are the amount of gas released from the newly formed borehole wall during the process of drilling into the coal seam by the rig, the amount of gas released from the drill cuttings peeled off the borehole wall, and the amount of gas released from the borehole wall before the formation of the new borehole wall.
  • the coal seam gas pressure at the drill bit during drilling is:
  • pi is the gas pressure in coal seam point is calculated;
  • Q segment is always calculated from the measured total gas emission quantity;
  • t 0 is the first time to see coal, t 1, t 2, ...
  • t n is calculated gas parameters selected Seam
  • ⁇ t t n -t n-1
  • Q 0 is the gas emission intensity of drill cuttings at the initial time of exposure, m 3 /t ⁇ min
  • ⁇ 1 is the gas attenuation coefficient of drill cuttings, min -1
  • V drilling is the drilling speed of the borehole, m/s
  • l rock and l coal are the length of the formed rock and the length of the coal seam respectively, m
  • S section is the borehole section area , M 2
  • ⁇ is the bulk density of the coal body, kg/m 3
  • q is the gas emission per unit area on the coal wall m 3 /m 2 ⁇ min
  • ⁇ 2 is the gas attenuation coefficient of
  • the gas pressure of the i-th coal hole section must be calculated first. Since the gas pressure of each branch hole is different, q i is different, according to the above formula (5) The gas pressure of any coal hole section can be calculated, and then according to the formula:
  • Drill cuttings gas attenuation coefficient ⁇ 1 and borehole wall gas attenuation coefficient ⁇ 2 can be measured through experiments and field tests;
  • Coal seam gas content X mi can be calculated from the relationship between gas content and gas pressure, based on coal seam gas adsorption constant and environmental parameters.
  • the gas flow rate and gas concentration of the borehole hole are tested in real time while drilling, and the gas gas comprehensive parameter tester and the drainage system are used to calculate the real-time gas emission from the borehole hole, and then the average gas emission from the borehole is calculated.
  • the time interval is the time corresponding to the drilling distance of 2-5 meters.
  • the step e specifically includes: calculating coal seam gas parameters section by section from the coal point; when using a directional drilling rig to drill the main borehole and branch boreholes, the ground monitoring and analysis software is based on the input drilling parameters, The exposure time of each coal section of the hole, the permeability of the coal seam, and the average gas emission from the borehole are automatically calculated for the coal seam gas pressure in the test section, and the coal seam gas content is calculated according to the coal adsorption constant and environmental parameters.
  • the original coal seam may use the original coal seam permeability value of the coal seam in the region.
  • the CGWZ-100(C) pipeline laser gas gas comprehensive parameter tester automatically records the gas flow and gas concentration, and calculates the real-time drilling gas emission and the average drilling gas emission
  • the compiled ground monitoring and analysis software automatically calculates the coal seam gas pressure and gas pressure and gas pressure of No. 3 and No. 4 boreholes in the test section with a depth of 100m-300m.
  • the gas content reflects the distribution and change of coal seam gas parameters along the length of the borehole, and is compared with the measured value of coal seam gas content, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
  • the difference between the gas content value of the coal seam tested while drilling and the measured coal seam gas content value is 1.3%-4.13%, which is less than 5%, which can fully meet the actual application requirements on site.
  • the area where the coal seam gas content is greater than 8m3/t or the gas pressure is greater than 0.74MPa is the coal seam outburst danger zone.

Abstract

一种煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法，属于煤矿地质和安全技术领域。解决了煤层瓦斯参数及突出危险性测点少，测试时间长、过程复杂，无法全面、准确反映煤层瓦斯及突出危险性实际分布等问题。其技术方案为：一种煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法，在煤层中钻孔时，通过随钻实时测试孔口气体流量和瓦斯浓度，计算出孔口钻孔瓦斯涌出量，基于钻孔和煤层渗透率参数反演计算出钻头处的煤层瓦斯压力，根据瓦斯含量与瓦斯压力关系式计算出煤层瓦斯含量。本方法不占用钻孔及更换钻杆时间，具有准确、方便、实时、快捷，能测试计算全钻孔长度各段煤层瓦斯参数等优点。

Description

煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法 技术领域
本发明涉及煤矿地质和安全技术领域，尤其涉及煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法。
背景技术
煤层瓦斯参数是煤层气资源量评估、煤层气开发、煤层瓦斯赋存规律分析、煤层突出危险性鉴定、煤层突出危险性预测、煤层瓦斯资源量计算、煤层瓦斯抽采设计、煤与瓦斯突出防治、瓦斯抽采及消突效果评价等的主要依据，测点越多，反映实际分布及演化越准确。目前我国煤层突出危险性鉴定、探测和区域预测、区域防突措施检验等工作主要通过测试分析煤层瓦斯压力和瓦斯含量等主要指标进行。煤层瓦斯含量等参数测试主要采用取样测试，煤层瓦斯压力主要采用封孔平衡测试方法或用煤层瓦斯含量反算得到。目前煤层瓦斯含量测试较准确的定点取样测定方法取样过程比较复杂，退钻取样过程、取样时间长短、取样方式、取样地点代表性及初始损失量的反算等因素对煤层瓦斯含量测值准确性影响很大。当钻孔长度或深度较大时，更无法实现。目前应用非常普遍的钻孔取屑法快速测试煤层瓦斯含量，取样定点性更差，取样时间长度的准确性更低，测试误差大。区域防突措施验证和工作面局部突出危险性主要采用钻屑瓦斯解吸指标或钻孔瓦斯涌出初速度等指标进行测试判定。钻屑瓦斯解吸指标或钻孔瓦斯涌出初速度等钻孔指标主要在工作面浅孔退钻后测试。这些方法均存在测点非常少的缺点，对煤层瓦斯及突出危险性分布反映准确性差，易漏掉最大值。近年来正在研究的钻孔连续流量法是基于孔口气体流量的大小直接预测或判定煤层瓦斯突出危险性，采用钻屑法进行封孔，这种封孔方式影响排屑，而且流量测试的误差也较大，瓦斯涌出流量的瞬间变化也较大，判定突出危险的临界值较难确定，未能实现煤层瓦斯参数反演计算，而且只适用于自然钻进。
申请号：201811567326.7，发明名称为：煤层瓦斯参数随钻测试方法及装置，申请号：201710945411.1，发明名称为：煤层突出危险性随钻测试方法及装置，是基于停钻期间在钻头附近封孔进行测试的，相比以前的技术进步很大，但存在封孔实现难度大、测试占用时间、对钻孔过程有一定影响、总的钻孔速度会减慢等问题。煤层瓦斯参数测试未能实现不影响钻孔及更换钻杆过程的随钻、实时、快速测试及反演计算。因此，目前无法准确、方便、实时、快速随钻测试随钻各地的煤层瓦斯参数及突出危险性。
如何解决上述技术问题为本发明面临的课题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种在不影响钻孔及不需要更换钻杆的情况下，能够随钻、实时、快速测试计算钻头位置煤层瓦斯参数的方法，解决了目前煤层瓦斯参数测试点少、数据少、煤层瓦斯参数及突出危险性无法随钻、就地实时测试，煤层瓦斯参数及突出危险性测试时间长、过程复杂，无法全面准确反映煤层瓦斯及突出危险性实际分布问题的煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法。
为了更好地实现上述发明目的，本发明还提供了一种煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试装置，包括抽放系统，其中，还包括与钻进煤层钻孔或穿煤钻孔的孔口处相连接的防喷装置或孔口快速密封装置，连接于所述防喷装置或所述孔口快速密封装置抽气口处的瓦斯参数监测仪，与所述抽放系统相连接的抽放管路，用于孔口密封和计量孔口钻孔瓦斯涌出量。
本发明是通过如下措施实现的：一种煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法，具体内容为：在煤层中钻孔时，通过随钻实时测试孔口气体流量和瓦斯浓度，计算出孔口实时钻孔瓦斯涌出量和平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量，基于钻孔和煤层渗透率参数反演计算出钻头处的煤层瓦斯压力，根据瓦斯含量与瓦斯压力关系式计算出煤层瓦斯含量。
作为本发明一种煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法的进一步优化方案为，该方法具体包括以下步骤：
a.钻进煤层钻孔或穿煤钻孔时，在孔口段安装防喷装置或孔口快速密封装置，在所述防喷装置或孔口快速密封装置的抽气口连接所述瓦斯参数监测仪、与抽放系统连接的抽放管路；
b.将钻头和钻杆连接，穿过所述防喷装置或孔口快速密封装置，开始钻进；
c.钻进到煤层时，记录见煤时间和位置，瓦斯参数监测仪自动记录气体流量和瓦斯浓度，进而可计算出实时钻孔瓦斯涌出量和平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量；
d.钻进钻孔时，根据输入的钻孔参数、煤层渗透率、平均钻孔瓦斯流量，编制的地面监测及分析软件自动计算钻头钻进处测试段的煤层瓦斯压力，并根据煤体吸附常数和环境参数，计算出煤层瓦斯含量；
e.采用定向钻机钻进主钻孔和分支钻孔时，编制的地面监测及分析软件根据输入的钻孔参数、各煤段暴露时间、煤层渗透率、平均钻孔瓦斯流量，自动计算测试段煤层瓦斯压力，并根据煤体吸附常数和环境参数，计算出煤层瓦斯含量；
f.根据煤层瓦斯压力、煤层瓦斯含量参数预测煤层各段的突出危险性；
g.在钻进煤层钻孔过程中或钻孔结束后，停止钻进，封闭出渣口，瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪自动记录各时间段钻孔气体流量和瓦斯浓度，编制的地面监测及分析软件计算出钻孔自然瓦斯涌出速度，进而计算此段煤层的透气性系数和渗透率，并对计算的煤层瓦斯含量或压 力参数进行修正。
作为本发明一种煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法的进一步优化方案为，所述煤层瓦斯压力的反演计算方法具体为：钻机在钻进过程中，孔口处的瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪实时记录钻孔成型过程中的孔口气体流量、瓦斯浓度和实时钻孔瓦斯涌出量，计算出平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量，根据平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量进行反演煤层不同位置处的瓦斯特征参数，孔口瓦斯抽放系统抽放的瓦斯总量由三个部分形成，分别为钻机钻进煤层过程中新形成的钻孔壁释放瓦斯量、从钻孔壁上剥落的钻屑释放的瓦斯量、在新钻孔壁形成之前的钻孔壁释放瓦斯量，钻进过程中钻头处煤层瓦斯压力为：
Figure PCTCN2019110750-appb-000001
式中，pi为计算点的煤层瓦斯压力；Q 总为计算段测量的总瓦斯涌出量；t 0为首次见煤时间，t 1，t 2，…，t n为选取的计算煤层瓦斯参数的时间点，Δt＝t n-t n-1；Q 0分别为暴露初始时刻的钻屑瓦斯涌出强度，m 3/t·min；β 1为钻屑瓦斯衰减系数，min -1；v为水流速度，m/s；V 钻为钻孔钻进速度，m/s；l 岩和l 煤分别为已经形成的岩层钻孔长度和煤层钻孔长度，m；S 断面为钻孔断面积，m 2；γ为煤体容重，kg/m 3；q为单位面积煤壁上的瓦斯涌出量m 3/m 2·min；β 2为钻孔壁瓦斯衰减系数min -1；k为煤层渗透率，m 2；μ为瓦斯动力粘度系数，Pa·s；p n为瓦斯抽放绝对压力Pa；x、Rm为钻孔周围有效影响半径，m。
作为本发明一种煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法的进一步优化方案为，计算第i个煤孔段的瓦斯压力，须先计算出前面i-1个煤孔段的瓦斯压力，由于每个分支孔的瓦斯压力均不一样，q i也不一样，根据上述公式(3)可以算出任何煤孔段的瓦斯压力，然后根据公式：
Figure PCTCN2019110750-appb-000002
来计算q i；
钻屑瓦斯衰减系数β 1和钻孔壁瓦斯衰减系数β 2可通过实验和现场试验测得；
煤层瓦斯含量X mi可通过瓦斯含量与瓦斯压力的关系式，根据煤层瓦斯吸附常数和环境参数计算得到。
作为本发明一种煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法的进一步优化方案为，所述的随钻实时测试钻孔孔口气体流量和瓦斯浓度，由瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪和抽放系统计算得到钻孔孔口实时瓦斯涌出量，然后计算出平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量，其时间间隔为钻孔钻进距离2-5米对应的时间。
作为本发明一种煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法的进一步优化方案为，所述步骤d和步骤e中，不同钻孔，采用对应的实测煤层渗透率参数，无实测煤层渗透率值时，原始煤层可采用该区域煤层的原始煤层渗透率值。
本发明的有益效果为：本发明通过随钻实时测试某段钻孔过程中孔口平均瓦斯涌出量，基于钻孔参数、各煤段暴露时间、煤层渗透率反演计算出钻头处的煤层瓦斯压力，并根据煤体吸附常数和环境参数计算出煤层瓦斯含量，解决了目前瓦斯参数测试点少、数据少，煤层瓦斯参数及突出危险性无法随钻、就地、实时测试，煤层瓦斯参数及突出危险性测试时间长、过程复杂，无法全面、准确反映煤层瓦斯及突出危险性实际分布等问题，该方法具有投入少，无需专用装置，无需退钻、无需取样、不占用钻孔及更换钻杆时间，准确、方便、实时、快捷，能测试计算全钻孔长度各段煤层瓦斯参数等优点，可广泛应用于煤层瓦斯参数随钻测试、煤层突出危险性随钻测试及瓦斯抽采、防突效果检验等，也适用于穿层钻孔、煤层定向钻进的主孔和分支孔，尤其适用于长深钻孔。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例在某煤与瓦斯突出矿井12171风巷钻场进行定向钻进，钻孔布置示意图。
图2为本发明实施例随钻孔长度方向煤层瓦斯参数分布及变化，并与煤层瓦斯含量实测值进行对比结果示意图。
图3为本发明实施例随钻孔长度方向煤层瓦斯参数分布及变化，并与煤层瓦斯含量实测值进行对比结果示意图。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点，下面通过具体实施方式，对本方案进行阐述。
本发明是：一种煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法，具体为：在煤层中钻孔时，通过随钻实时测试钻孔孔口气体流量和瓦斯浓度，计算出孔口实时钻孔瓦斯涌出量和平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量，基于钻孔和煤层渗透率参数反演计算出钻头处的煤层瓦斯压力，根据瓦斯含 量与瓦斯压力关系式计算出煤层瓦斯含量。
其中，该方法具体包括以下步骤：
a.钻进煤层钻孔或穿煤钻孔时，在孔口段安装防喷装置或孔口快速密封装置，在所述防喷装置或孔口快速密封装置的抽气口连接所述瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪、与抽放系统连接的抽放管路；
b.将钻头和钻杆连接，穿过所述防喷装置或孔口快速密封装置，开始钻进；
c.钻进到煤层时，记录见煤时间和位置，瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪自动记录气体流量和瓦斯浓度，进而可计算出实时钻孔瓦斯涌出量和平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量；
d.钻进钻孔时，根据输入的钻孔参数、煤层渗透率、平均钻孔瓦斯流量，编制的地面监测及分析软件自动计算钻头钻进处测试段的煤层瓦斯压力，并根据煤体吸附常数和环境参数，计算出煤层瓦斯含量；
e.采用定向钻机钻进主钻孔和分支钻孔时，编制的地面监测与分析计算软件根据输入的钻孔参数、各孔各煤段暴露时间、煤层渗透率、平均钻孔瓦斯流量，自动计算测试段的煤层瓦斯压力，并根据煤体吸附常数和环境参数，计算出煤层瓦斯含量；
f.根据煤层瓦斯压力、煤层瓦斯含量参数预测煤层各段的突出危险性；
g.在钻进煤层钻孔过程中或钻孔结束后，停止钻进，封闭出渣口，瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪自动记录各时间段钻孔气体流量和瓦斯浓度，编制的地面监测及分析软件计算出钻孔自然瓦斯涌出速度，进而计算此段煤层的透气性系数和渗透率，并对计算的煤层瓦斯含量或压力参数进行修正。
其中，所述煤层瓦斯压力的反演计算方法具体为：钻机在钻进过程中，孔口处的瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪实时记录钻孔过程中的孔口气体流量、瓦斯浓度和实时钻孔瓦斯涌出量，计算出平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量，根据平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量进行反演煤层不同位置处的瓦斯特征参数，孔口瓦斯抽放系统抽放的瓦斯总量由三个部分形成，分别为钻机钻进煤层过程中新形成的钻孔壁释放瓦斯量、从钻孔壁上剥落的钻屑释放的瓦斯量、在新钻孔壁形成之前的钻孔壁释放瓦斯量，钻进过程中钻头处煤层瓦斯压力为：
Figure PCTCN2019110750-appb-000003
式中，pi为计算点的煤层瓦斯压力；Q 总为计算段测量的总瓦斯涌出量；t 0为首次见煤时间，t 1，t 2，…，t n为选取的计算煤层瓦斯参数的时间点，Δt＝t n-t n-1；Q 0分别为暴露初始时刻的钻屑瓦斯涌出强度，m 3/t·min；β 1为钻屑瓦斯衰减系数，min -1；v为水流速度，m/s；V 钻为钻孔钻进速度，m/s；l 岩和l 煤分别为已经形成的岩层钻孔长度和煤层钻孔长度，m；S 断面为钻孔断面积，m 2；γ为煤体容重，kg/m 3；q为单位面积煤壁上的瓦斯涌出量m 3/m 2·min；β 2为钻孔壁瓦斯衰减系数min -1；k为煤层渗透率，m 2；μ为瓦斯动力粘度系数，Pa.s；p n为瓦斯抽放绝对压力Pa；x、Rm为钻孔周围有效影响半径，m。
其中，计算第i个煤孔段的瓦斯压力，须先计算出前面i-1个煤孔段的瓦斯压力，由于每个分支孔的瓦斯压力均不一样，q i也不一样，根据上述公式(5)可以算出任何煤孔段的瓦斯压力，然后根据公式：
Figure PCTCN2019110750-appb-000004
来计算q i；
钻屑瓦斯衰减系数β 1和钻孔壁瓦斯衰减系数β 2可通过实验和现场试验测得；
煤层瓦斯含量X mi可通过瓦斯含量与瓦斯压力的关系式，根据煤层瓦斯吸附常数和环境参数计算得到。
其中，所述的随钻实时测试钻孔孔口气体流量和瓦斯浓度，由瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪和抽放系统计算得到钻孔孔口实时瓦斯涌出量，然后计算出平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量，其时间间隔为钻孔钻进距离2-5米对应的时间。
其中，所述步骤e具体为：从见煤点起，逐段分别计算煤层瓦斯参数；采用定向钻机钻进主钻孔和分支钻孔时，地面监测及分析软件根据输入的钻孔参数、各孔各煤段暴露时间、煤层渗透率、平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量，自动计算测试段煤层瓦斯压力，并根据煤体吸附常数和环境参数，计算出煤层瓦斯含量。
其中，所述步骤d和步骤e中，不同钻孔，采用对应的实测煤层渗透率参数，无实测煤层渗透率值时，原始煤层可采用该区域煤层的原始煤层渗透率值。
采用本发明煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法测试的具体实例具体为：
在某煤与瓦斯突出矿井12171风巷钻场进行定向钻进，钻孔布置如图1所示，选用 ZDY120000LD型煤矿用履带式全液压坑道钻机进行钻进。钻进前，在孔口段安装防喷装置，在所述防喷装置的抽气口连接所述CGWZ-100(C)管道激光瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪与抽放系统连接的抽放管路。钻进过程中，记录见煤时间和位置，CGWZ-100(C)管道激光瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪自动记录气体流量和瓦斯浓度，计算出实时钻孔瓦斯涌出量和平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量，根据输入的钻孔参数、煤层渗透率、平均钻孔瓦斯流量，编制的地面监测及分析软件自动计算3号钻孔和4号钻孔在孔深100m-300m测试段的煤层瓦斯压力和瓦斯含量，反映了随钻孔长度方向煤层瓦斯参数分布及变化，并与煤层瓦斯含量实测值进行了对比，如图2和图3所示。根据数据对比结果可知，随钻测试煤层瓦斯含量值与实测煤层瓦斯含量值相差为1.3％-4.13％，小于5％，完全可以满足现场实际应用需求。一般情况下，煤层瓦斯含量大于8m3/t或瓦斯压力大于0.74MPa的区域为煤层突出危险区。
本发明未经描述的技术特征可以通过或采用现有技术实现，在此不再赘述，当然，上述说明并非是对本发明的限制，本发明也并不仅限于上述举例，本技术领域的普通技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换，也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法，其特征在于，在煤层中钻孔，通过随钻实时测试孔口气体流量和瓦斯浓度，计算出孔口实时钻孔瓦斯涌出量和平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量，基于钻孔和煤层渗透率参数反演计算出钻头处的煤层瓦斯压力，根据瓦斯含量与瓦斯压力关系式计算出煤层瓦斯含量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：
    a.钻进煤层钻孔或穿煤钻孔时，在孔口段安装防喷装置或孔口快速密封装置，在所述防喷装置或孔口快速密封装置的抽气口连接瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪、与抽放系统连接的抽放管路；
    b.将钻头和钻杆连接，穿过所述防喷装置或孔口快速密封装置，开始钻进；
    c.钻进到煤层时，记录见煤时间和位置，瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪自动记录气体流量和瓦斯浓度，计算出实时钻孔瓦斯涌出量和平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量；
    d.钻进钻孔时，根据输入的钻孔参数、煤层渗透率、平均钻孔瓦斯流量，编制的地面监测及分析软件自动计算测试段煤层瓦斯压力，并根据煤体吸附常数和环境参数，计算出煤层瓦斯含量；
    e.采用定向钻机钻进主钻孔和分支钻孔时，编制的地面监测及分析软件根据输入的钻孔参数、各煤段暴露时间、煤层渗透率、平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量，自动计算测试段煤层瓦斯压力，并根据煤体吸附常数和环境参数，计算出煤层瓦斯含量；
    f.根据各段煤层瓦斯压力、煤层瓦斯含量参数预测煤层各段的突出危险性；
    g.在钻进煤层钻孔过程中或钻孔结束后，停止钻进，封闭出渣口，瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪自动记录各时间段气体流量和瓦斯浓度，编制的地面监测及分析软件计算出钻孔自然瓦斯涌出速度，自动计算此段煤层的透气性系数和渗透率，并对计算的煤层瓦斯含量或压力参数进行修正。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法，其特征在于，所述煤层瓦斯压力的反演计算方法具体为：钻机在钻进过程中，孔口处的瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪实时记录钻孔过程中的孔口气体流量、瓦斯浓度和实时钻孔瓦斯涌出量，计算出平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量，根据平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量进行反演煤层不同位置处的瓦斯特征参数；孔口瓦斯抽放系统抽放的瓦斯总量由三个部分形成，分别为钻机钻进煤层过程中新形成的钻孔壁释放瓦斯量、从钻孔壁上剥落的钻屑释放的瓦斯量、在新钻孔壁形成之前的钻孔壁释放瓦斯量，钻进过程中钻头处煤层瓦斯压力为：
    Figure PCTCN2019110750-appb-100001
    式中，pi为计算点的煤层瓦斯压力；Q 总为计算段测量的总瓦斯涌出量；t 0为首次见煤时间，t 1，t 2，…，t n为选取的计算煤层瓦斯参数的时间点，Δt＝t n-t n-1；Q 0分别为暴露初始时刻的钻屑瓦斯涌出强度，m 3/t·min；β 1为钻屑瓦斯衰减系数，min -1；v为水流速度，m/s；V 钻为钻孔钻进速度，m/s；l 岩和l 煤分别为已经形成的岩层钻孔长度和煤层钻孔长度，m；S 断面为钻孔断面积，m 2；γ为煤体容重，kg/m 3；q i为单位面积煤壁上的瓦斯涌出量m 3/m 2·min；β 2为钻孔壁瓦斯衰减系数min -1；k为煤层渗透率，m 2；μ为瓦斯动力粘度系数，Pa·s；p n为瓦斯抽放绝对压力Pa；x、R M为钻孔周围有效影响半径，m。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法，其特征在于，计算第i个煤孔段的瓦斯压力，先计算出前面i-1个煤孔段的瓦斯压力，由于每个分支孔的瓦斯压力均不一样，q i也不一样，根据上述公式(1)可以算出任何煤孔段的瓦斯压力，然后根据公式：
    Figure PCTCN2019110750-appb-100002
    来计算q i；
    钻屑瓦斯衰减系数β 1和钻孔壁瓦斯衰减系数β 2可通过实验和现场试验测得；
    煤层瓦斯含量X mi可通过瓦斯含量与瓦斯压力的关系式，根据煤层瓦斯吸附常数和环境参数计算得到。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法，其特征在于：所述的随钻实时测试钻孔孔口气体流量和瓦斯浓度，由瓦斯气体综合参数测定仪和抽放系统计算得到钻孔孔口实时瓦斯涌出量，然后计算出平均钻孔瓦斯涌出量，其时间间隔为钻孔钻进距离2-5米对应的时间。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的煤层瓦斯参数随钻快速测试的反演计算方法，其特征在于：所述步骤d和步骤e中，不同钻孔，采用对应的实测煤层渗透率参数，无实测煤层渗透率值时，原始煤层可采用该区域煤层的原始煤层渗透率值。
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