WO2020253498A1

WO2020253498A1 - Rare earth waste recovery dryer and drying method

Info

Publication number: WO2020253498A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/093329
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张相良; 谢志忠; 叶健; 陈甫礼; 朱剑峰; 赖泽斌
Original assignee: 信丰县包钢新利稀土有限责任公司
Priority date: 2019-06-15
Filing date: 2020-05-29
Publication date: 2020-12-24
Also published as: CN110243144A; CN110243144B

Abstract

A rare earth waste recovery dryer and a drying method. The dryer comprises a main box (1); the main box (1) comprises a feeding opening (2), a drying plate assembly (3), a driving device (4), and a heater (5); the drying plate assembly (3) comprises a bottom plate (31), a suspending plate (32), and an elastic part (33); the heater (5) comprises a hot air hole (51). By using a mode that the suspending plate (32) is supported by the elastic part (33), when hot airflow blows through the elastic part (33), the elastic part (33) may shake, and the suspending plate (32) further shakes, so that rare earth waste on the suspending plate (32) is enabled to be scattered, the rare earth waste may be in contact with more hot airflow, and quick drying is facilitated; the elastic part (33) has non-directiveness, and can enable the rare earth waste to be overturned in all directions, so that a drying effect is improved.

Description

Dryer for recycling rare earth waste and drying method

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of rare earth drying, in particular to a dryer and a drying method for recycling rare earth waste.

Background technique

Rare earth elements are known as "industrial vitamins" and have excellent magnetic, optical and electrical properties that cannot be replaced. They have played a huge role in improving product performance, increasing product varieties, and increasing production efficiency. Due to its large effect and small amount, rare earth has become an important element to improve product structure, increase scientific and technological content, and promote technological progress in the industry. It has been widely used in metallurgy, military, petrochemical, glass ceramics, agriculture and new materials.

In the early 1980s, my country's single rare earth output was about 20 tons, and in 2006 it reached 80,000 tons, which is about 4000 times that of the early 1980s! China’s annual rare earth output has accounted for 90% of the world’s rare earth output. Driven by its huge production capacity, China’s rare earth exports have increased by nearly 10 times from 1990 to 2005, and its total exports accounted for 80% of the world’s total. The main source of supply.

But behind the rapid increase in exports is the over-exploitation of rare earth resources, which has caused great waste and environmental pollution. Therefore, increasing the recycling and utilization of rare earth materials has greater social, environmental and economic benefits. Among them, in the recycling of rare earth materials, due to environmental impact, there will inevitably be wet rare earth waste. At present, people generally use natural wind to air-dry the recovered wet rare-earth waste, which takes a long time to air-dry, and the air-drying effect is relatively poor. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technical solution that can dry quickly in a short time and has a better air-drying effect.

Summary of the invention

One of the objectives of the present invention is to solve the problems of long time required for drying rare earth waste and poor drying effect in the prior art.

The second object of the present invention is to provide a drying method.

In order to achieve one of the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a dryer for rare earth waste recycling, which includes a main box body, the main box body includes: a feed port, the feed port is set at the top of the main box body; drying The plate assembly, the drying plate assembly is arranged inside the main box, the drying plate assembly is located at the lower end of the feed port, the drying plate assembly includes: a bottom plate; a suspension plate, the suspension plate is located at the upper end of the bottom plate, and there is a ventilation space between the bottom plate and the suspension plate; elastic parts , The elastic member is arranged between the bottom plate and the suspension plate; the driving device, the driving device is arranged on the main box body, the driving device is connected to the drying plate assembly; the heater, the heater is arranged on the main box body, the heater includes: hot air holes, The hot air hole communicates with the heater, the hot air hole is arranged on the side wall of the main box body, the hot air hole is located on one side of the ventilation space, and the air outlet direction of the hot air hole faces the elastic member.

In the above technical solution, the embodiment of the present invention first adopts the suspension plate on the drying plate assembly to carry the rare earth waste poured into the inlet on the main box body; then the heater is activated to make the hot air flow blow to the drying plate assembly through the hot air holes The ventilation space further causes the hot air flow to blow on the elastic member, causing the elastic member to shake under force, and then the suspension plate is caused to shake, so that the rare earth waste is dispersed, and finally the rare earth waste is dried during the rising process of the hot air flow.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the suspension plate has airflow holes.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the main box body further includes: a rotating motor; a breaking roller, the breaking roller is connected to the rotating motor, and the breaking roller is arranged at the lower end of the drying plate assembly.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the material selected for the main box body is a rigid material.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the dryer for rare earth waste recycling further includes: a dehumidification hole, the dehumidification hole is arranged above the drying plate assembly; a condenser, the condenser is installed on the main box body, the condenser is connected to the dehumidification hole, condensation The device has: a water outlet; an air outlet, the height of the air outlet is higher than the water outlet; an air heating device, the air heating device is connected to the air outlet; a spray box, the bottom of the spray box is connected to the air heating device, the spray box is connected to the main box, the spray box includes : The main injection port, the main injection port is located at the lower end of the drying plate assembly, the main injection port is located at the upper end of the bottom of the spray box; the first return port, the first return port surrounds the main injection port, the first return port is connected to the main Injection port; second material return port, the second material return port surrounds the periphery of the first material return port, the second material return port is connected to the main injection port; the discharge port, the discharge port surrounds the periphery of the second material return port, and the The material port is connected to the outside; the power motor; the fan blade, the power motor is connected to the fan blade, the fan blade is arranged at the bottom of the spray box, and the height of the fan blade is higher than the communication position between the bottom of the spray box and the air heating device.

Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the wind blade has a spiral shape, and the wind blade is attached to the side wall of the bottom of the spray box.

Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the main injection port is horn-shaped.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

In the present invention, the suspension plate is supported by the elastic member so that when the hot air blows through the elastic member, the elastic member can sway, which further causes the suspension plate to sway, and promotes the dispersion of rare earth waste on the suspension plate, so that the rare earth waste can contact more The hot air flow is conducive to quickly drying the rare earth waste, and the hot air is durable, and the elastic member is non-directional when it exerts its elastic effect, which can make the rare earth waste roll in all directions, which is beneficial for all sides to face each other. Hot air flow makes the drying effect good.

In order to achieve the second objective above, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a drying method including the following steps:

Feeding, pour the rare earth waste from the inlet on the main box body, so that the rare earth waste falls into the suspension plate on the drying plate assembly;

Heating, start the heater to heat, so that the hot air blows to the drying plate assembly through the hot air hole, and the rare earth waste on the drying plate assembly is dried;

When the air flow shakes, when the hot air flow in the hot air hole blows to the drying plate assembly, it first blows to the ventilation space in the drying plate assembly, and then the hot air blows the elastic member, causing the elastic member to shake by force, and finally causes the suspension plate to shake, causing rare earth waste Spread out

Blanking, after the rare earth waste is dried, the drive device is started to drive the drying plate assembly to turn over, and the rare earth waste is blanked.

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, after the blanking step, there are further steps:

For breaking, start the rotating motor to drive the breaking roller to break the rare earth waste falling from the drying plate assembly.

Dehumidification and heating, start the condenser to condense the moisture generated after drying in the main box, so that the water molecules in the moisture will condense and flow out of the water outlet, and the air in the moisture will enter the air heating device from the air outlet for processing heating;

In spray drying and screening, the hot air heated by the air heating device enters the bottom of the spray box, and then the power motor is started to drive the wind blades to generate wind pressure to drive the hot air to the rare earth waste falling from the drying plate assembly to the main injection port Spraying is carried out for further drying treatment, and at the same time, the rare earth waste is scattered. If the rare earth waste still contains moisture, it will fall into the first return port or the second return port and flow back to the main spray port for the next spray drying process, such as The rare earth waste material does not contain moisture and falls into the discharge port for discharge.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a dryer for recycling rare earth waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a dryer for recycling rare earth waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of a drying plate assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a drying plate assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the picture

1. Main box body 2. Feeding port 3. Drying board assembly

31. Bottom plate 32. Suspension plate 33. Elastic part

34. Airflow hole 4. Drive device 5. Heater

51. Hot air hole 6. Dehumidification hole 7. Condenser

71. Water outlet 72. Air outlet 8. Air heating device

9. Spray box 10. Fan leaf 11. Main spray port

12. The first return port 13. The second return port 14. The discharge port

15. Shattering roller 16. Rotating motor

Detailed ways

In order to clearly and completely describe the objectives and technical solutions of the present invention, and make the advantages clearer, the following further describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. They are only used to explain the embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art have not done so. All other embodiments obtained under the premise of creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "top", "bottom" "," "side", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying The device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "a", "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", and "sixth" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited. For example, they can be fixed or detachable. Connected or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

For the purpose of conciseness and explanation, the principles of the embodiments are mainly described by referring to examples. In the following description, many specific details are proposed to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it is obvious. For those of ordinary skill in the art, these embodiments may not be limited to these specific details in practice. In some instances, the well-known drying methods and structures are not described in detail to avoid unnecessarily making these embodiments difficult to understand. In addition, all the embodiments can be used in combination with each other.

Example one:

A desiccator for rare earth waste recovery, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, includes a main box body 1, which includes a feed port 2, a drying plate assembly 3, a driving device 4, and a heater 5.

The feed port 2 is provided at the top of the main box 1.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the drying plate assembly 3 is arranged inside the main box 1, and the drying plate assembly 3 is located at the lower end of the feed port 2. The drying plate assembly 3 includes a bottom plate 31, a suspension plate 32 and an elastic member 33, and the suspension plate 32 Located at the upper end of the bottom plate 31, there is a ventilation space between the bottom plate 31 and the suspension plate 32. The elastic member 33 is a spring, and the elastic member 33 is disposed between the bottom plate 31 and the suspension plate 32. The two ends of the elastic member 33 fix the upper end of the bottom plate 31 and the lower end of the suspension plate 32.

As shown in FIG. 2, the driving device 4 is a motor, and the driving device 4 is arranged on the main box 1, and the power end of the driving device 4 is connected to the bottom plate 31 on the drying plate assembly 3.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the heater 5 is arranged on the main box 1. The heater 5 includes a hot air hole 51 which communicates with the heater 5, and the hot air hole 51 is arranged on the side wall in the main box 1. The hot air hole 51 is located on one side of the ventilation space, and the air outlet direction of the hot air hole 51 faces the elastic member 33.

Implementation steps: First, the suspension plate 32 on the drying plate assembly 3 is used to carry the rare earth waste poured into the feed inlet 2 on the main box body 1. After that, the heater 5 is turned on, so that the hot air is blown to the ventilation space of the drying plate assembly 3 through the hot air holes 51, and the hot air is further blown to the elastic member 33, so that the elastic member 33 is shaken by force, and then the suspension plate 32 is caused to shake, so that rare earth waste Disperse, and finally the rare earth waste is dried in the process of rising hot air flow.

In the present invention, the suspension plate 32 is supported by the elastic member 33, so that when the hot air blows through the elastic member 33, the elastic member 33 can sway, which further causes the suspension plate 32 to sway and promotes the rare earth waste on the suspension plate 32 to disperse, so that Rare earth waste can be exposed to more hot air, which is conducive to quickly drying the rare earth waste, and the hot air is durable. The elastic member 33 has non-directional properties when it exerts elasticity, which can make the rare earth waste roll in all directions. It is beneficial for all sides to face the hot air flow, so that the drying effect is good.

Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the suspension plate 32 has airflow holes 34. Through the airflow holes 34, the hot airflow can directly pass through the suspension plate 32, which facilitates rapid contact with rare earth waste materials and realizes rapid drying.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2, the main box 1 further includes a rotating motor 16 and a breaking roller 15. The breaking roller 15 is connected to the power end of the rotating motor 16, and the breaking roller 15 is arranged at the lower end of the drying plate assembly 3. The rotating motor 16 is started to drive the crushing roller 15 to crush the dried and agglomerated rare earth waste and the massive rare earth waste, which is beneficial to the rapid drying and screening treatment of the subsequent processes.

Preferably, the material selected for the main box body 1 is a rigid material.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 2, the dryer for rare earth waste recycling further includes: a dehumidification hole 6, a condenser 7, an air heating device 8, and a spray box 9.

The dehumidification hole 6 is provided above the drying plate assembly 3.

The condenser 7 is installed on the main box 1, the condenser 7 is connected to the dehumidification hole 6, and the condenser 7 has a water outlet 71 and an air outlet 72, and the air outlet 72 is higher than the water outlet 71.

The air heating device 8 communicates with the air outlet 72. The bottom of the spray box 9 communicates with the air heating device 8, and the spray box 9 communicates with the main box 1. The spray box 9 includes: a main spray port 11, a first material return port 12, a second material return port 13, a discharge port 14, a power motor (not shown), and a fan 10.

The main spray port 11 is located at the lower end of the drying plate assembly 3, and the main spray port 11 is located at the upper end of the bottom of the spray box 9. The first material return port 12 surrounds the periphery of the main injection port 11, and the first material return port 12 communicates with the main injection port 11. The second material return port 13 surrounds the periphery of the first material return port 12, and the second material return port 13 communicates with the main injection port 11. The discharge port 14 surrounds the periphery of the second return port 13, and the discharge port 14 communicates with the outside. The power motor is connected to the fan blade 10, and the fan blade 10 is arranged at the bottom of the spray box 9. The height of the fan blade 10 is higher than the communication position between the bottom of the spray box 9 and the air heating device 8.

First, the present invention starts the condenser 7 to condense the moisture generated after drying in the main box 1, so that the water molecules in the moisture condense and flow out from the water outlet 71, reducing the moisture in the main box 1, which is beneficial to Rare earth waste can be dried quickly, and the drying effect is also good.

Second, the air in the humidity enters the air heating device 8 from the air outlet 72 for heating, and then enters the spray box 9 to dry the rare earth waste falling from the drying plate assembly 3 to the main spray port 11, where, After the air is condensed in the condensing box, the rare earth waste is dried. There are almost no water molecules in the air, which can not be affected by the humidity of the outside air, which is beneficial to the rapid drying of the rare earth waste, and the drying effect is also good.

Third, after the hot air heated by the air heating device 8 enters the bottom of the spray box 9, the power motor is started, and the wind blade 10 is driven to generate wind pressure to drive the hot air to fall from the drying plate assembly 3 to the main spray port 11. The rare earth waste is sprayed to disperse the rare earth waste for drying treatment. If the rare earth waste still contains moisture, it will fall into the first return port 12 or the second return port 13 and flow back to the main injection port 11 for the next step of spray drying. For processing, if the rare earth waste does not contain moisture, it will fall into the discharge port 14 for discharge. In this way, not only can the rare earth wastes be sprayed and scattered, and the accumulation of rare earth wastes will prevent the hot and humid air generated after drying from being difficult to circulate in the accumulated rare earth wastes, resulting in excessive drying time, and it can also identify rare earth wastes. Whether the drying meets the standard, if it meets the standard (rare earth waste has no moisture and is light in weight), it will fall into the discharge port 14 for discharge, if it does not meet the standard (rare earth waste has moisture and is heavy in weight), it will fall into the first return port 12 Or the second return port 13 flows back to the main injection port 11 for the next step of spray drying treatment, which is conducive to rapid drying without waiting for other undried rare earth wastes, and through this method of screening for compliance and non-compliance In this way, the amount of rare earth waste in the spray box 9 can be reduced (that is, there is no rare earth waste that meets the standard), so that hot air can quickly circulate in more areas that contact the rare earth waste, and the drying effect is better.

More preferably, as shown in FIG. 2, the fan blade 10 has a spiral shape, and the fan blade 10 and the side wall of the bottom of the spray box 9 are attached to each other. The spiral structure can generate a spiral wind, which promotes the rare earth waste to be more easily dispersed. At the same time, the fan blade 10 and the side wall of the bottom of the spray box 9 are attached to each other to prevent the rare earth waste from completely falling into the bottom of the spray box 9, resulting in failure to spray treatment.

More preferably, the main injection port 11 is horn-shaped.

A drying method includes the following steps:

Feeding, pour the rare earth waste from the feed opening 2 on the main box body 1 so that the rare earth waste falls onto the suspension plate 32 on the drying plate assembly 3.

When heating, the heater 5 is started to heat, so that the hot air is blown to the drying plate assembly 3 through the hot air holes 51, and the rare earth waste on the drying plate assembly 3 is dried.

When the air flow is shaking, when the hot air flow in the hot air hole 51 blows to the drying plate assembly 3, it first blows to the ventilation space in the drying plate assembly 3, and then the hot air blows the elastic member 33, causing the elastic member 33 to shake by force, and finally prompts the suspension plate 32 Shaking to disperse rare earth waste.

After blanking, the rare earth waste is dried, the driving device 4 is started to drive the drying plate assembly 3 to turn over, and the rare earth waste is blanked.

Preferably, after the blanking step, there are further steps:

For crushing, the rotating motor 16 is started to drive the crushing roller 15 to crush and disperse the rare earth waste falling from the drying plate assembly 3.

Preferably, after the blanking step, there are further steps:

Dehumidification and heating, start the condenser 7 to condense the moisture generated after drying in the main box 1, so that the water molecules in the moisture condense and flow out from the water outlet 71, and the air in the moisture enters from the air outlet 72 The air heating device 8 performs heating.

In spray drying and screening, the hot air heated by the air heating device 8 enters the bottom of the spray box 9, and then the power motor is started to drive the wind blade 10 to generate wind pressure to drive the hot air to fall from the drying plate assembly 3 to the main spray The rare earth waste at the port 11 is sprayed for further drying treatment, and the rare earth waste is dispersed at the same time. If the rare earth waste still contains moisture, it will fall into the first return port 12 or the second return port 13 and flow back to the main injection port 11 for processing. In the next spray drying process, if the rare earth waste does not contain moisture, it will fall into the discharge port 14 for discharge.

Although the illustrative specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as each As long as such changes are within the spirit and scope of the invention defined and determined by the appended claims, all inventions and creations using the concept of the invention are protected.

Claims

A desiccator for rare earth waste recycling, which includes a main box body, and the main box body includes:

Inlet;

A drying plate assembly, the drying plate assembly is arranged inside the main box, the drying plate assembly is located at the lower end of the feed inlet, and the drying plate assembly includes:

Bottom plate

A suspension plate, the suspension plate is located at the upper end of the bottom plate, and there is a ventilation space between the bottom plate and the suspension plate;

An elastic member, the elastic member is arranged between the bottom plate and the suspension plate;

A driving device, the driving device is arranged on the main box, and the driving device is connected to the drying plate assembly;

A heater, the heater is arranged on the main box, and the heater includes:

The hot air hole communicates with the heater, the hot air hole is arranged on the side wall of the main box body, and the hot air hole is located at one side of the ventilation space.
The dryer for recycling rare earth waste according to claim 1, wherein the suspension plate has air flow holes.
The dryer for recycling rare earth waste according to claim 1, wherein the main box body further comprises:

Rotating motor

A breaking roller, the breaking roller is connected to the rotating motor, and the breaking roller is arranged at the lower end of the drying plate assembly.
The dryer for rare earth waste recycling according to claim 1, wherein the material selected for the main box body is a rigid material.
The dryer for recycling rare earth waste according to claim 1, wherein the dryer for recycling rare earth waste further comprises:

Dehumidification holes, the dehumidification holes are arranged above the drying plate assembly;

A condenser, the condenser is installed on the main box, the condenser is connected to the dehumidification hole, and the condenser has:

Outlet;

An air outlet, the height of the air outlet is higher than the water outlet;

An air heating device, the air heating device is connected to the air outlet;

A spray box, the bottom of the spray box communicates with the air heating device, the spray box communicates with the main box body, and the spray box includes:

The main spray port is located at the lower end of the drying plate assembly, and the main spray port is located at the upper end of the bottom of the spray box;

A first material return port, the first material return port surrounds the periphery of the main injection port, and the first material return port communicates with the main injection port;

A second material return port, the second material return port surrounds the periphery of the first material return port, and the second material return port communicates with the main injection port;

A discharge port, the discharge port surrounds the periphery of the second return port, and the discharge port communicates with the outside;

Power motor

The wind blade, the power motor is connected to the wind blade, the wind blade is arranged at the bottom of the spray box, and the height of the wind blade is higher than the communication position between the bottom of the spray box and the air heating device.
The dryer for recycling rare earth waste according to claim 5, wherein the wind blade has a spiral shape, and the wind blade and the side wall of the bottom of the spray box are attached to each other.
The dryer for recycling rare earth waste according to claim 5, wherein the main injection port is horn-shaped.
A drying method includes the following steps:

Feed, pour the rare earth waste from the inlet on the main box body, so that the rare earth waste falls into the suspension plate on the drying plate assembly;

Heating, starting the heater for heating, so that the hot air flow is blown toward the drying plate assembly through the hot air hole, and drying the rare earth waste on the drying plate assembly;

When the air flow shakes, when the hot air flow in the hot air hole blows to the drying plate assembly, it first blows to the ventilation space in the drying plate assembly, and then the hot air blows the elastic member, causing the elastic member to shake by force, and finally prompts the The suspension plate is shaken to disperse the rare earth waste;

Blanking, after the rare earth waste is dried, the driving device is started to drive the drying plate assembly to turn over, and the rare earth waste is blanked.
The drying method according to claim 8, wherein after the blanking step, there is a step of:

For crushing, the rotating motor is started to drive the crushing roller to crush and disperse the rare earth waste falling from the drying plate assembly.
The drying method according to claim 8, wherein after the blanking step, there is a step of:

Dehumidification and heating, start the condenser to condense the moisture generated after drying in the main box, so that the water molecules in the moisture condense and flow out from the water outlet, and the air in the moisture enters the air heating device from the air outlet Heating in;

In spray drying and screening, the hot air heated by the air heating device enters the bottom of the spray box, and then the power motor is started to drive the fan blades to generate wind pressure to drive the hot air to fall from the drying plate assembly to the main jet The rare-earth waste material in the mouth is sprayed for further drying treatment, and at the same time, the rare-earth waste material is dispersed. If the rare-earth waste material still contains moisture, it will fall into the first or second return material port and flow back to the main injection port for the next injection Drying treatment, if the rare earth waste does not contain moisture, it will fall into the discharge port for discharge.