WO2020253263A1 - 一种降低机械加工要求的卡尺 - Google Patents

一种降低机械加工要求的卡尺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020253263A1
WO2020253263A1 PCT/CN2020/077246 CN2020077246W WO2020253263A1 WO 2020253263 A1 WO2020253263 A1 WO 2020253263A1 CN 2020077246 W CN2020077246 W CN 2020077246W WO 2020253263 A1 WO2020253263 A1 WO 2020253263A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylindrical guide
ruler
ruler body
guide rail
fixed
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PCT/CN2020/077246
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵志强
Original Assignee
赵志强
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Priority claimed from CN201910526901.7A external-priority patent/CN110230964A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201920916165.1U external-priority patent/CN209894071U/zh
Application filed by 赵志强 filed Critical 赵志强
Publication of WO2020253263A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020253263A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B3/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B3/18—Micrometers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B3/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B3/20—Slide gauges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring depth

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of measuring tools, in particular to a caliper that reduces the requirements of mechanical processing.
  • the first vernier caliper in the world was produced by the German company Maar in 1871.
  • the mechanical components of ordinary calipers have been used for more than two hundred years, and their basic structure and production process have not changed much so far.
  • the mechanical component of the caliper is a component composed of precision mechanical parts. Its processing accuracy is very high, usually a manufacturing accuracy of 0.01mm or more is required. In order to improve its service life, the components must be heat treated to achieve The dimensional accuracy of the parts requires high-precision grinding of the parts, which requires high-precision mechanical equipment and high-tech technicians. The investment cost is very high, and the labor cost accounts for a large proportion of the product cost.
  • the ruler body is generally a long sheet structure. If you want to process a guide rail with ultra-high precision on it, one On the one hand, it requires high-precision machinery and equipment; on the other hand, it requires complex processing procedures and high-tech technicians.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a caliper that reduces the requirements for machining.
  • a caliper with reduced machining requirements including a ruler body, a fixed measuring jaw, a ruler frame and a movable measuring jaw;
  • the fixed measuring jaw is fixed at one end of the ruler body;
  • the ruler frame is slidably fitted on the ruler body along the length direction of the ruler body, the movable measuring claw is fixed on the ruler frame, and the distance between it and the fixed measuring claw corresponds to the measured size;
  • It also includes a cylindrical guide rail and a fixing seat; there are two fixing seats, which are respectively installed at both ends of the ruler body; there are two cylindrical guide rails, and the two ends of each cylindrical guide rail are respectively mounted to two On the fixing seat and corresponding to the position on one side of the ruler body, and after the two cylindrical guide rails are installed on the fixing seat, they are press-fitted by the corresponding first tool to make the respective cylindricity and parallelism between each other It is positioned after reaching a preset accuracy; the ruler frame
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the cylindrical guide rail in the caliper is a standard part, which has extremely high smoothness and hardness.
  • the cylindrical guide rail is pressed on the ruler body through corresponding tooling until the cylindricity and parallelism meet the requirements. Fixing it with a bonding method turns the difficult-to-achieve high-precision processing into easy-to-achieve high-precision assembly, which greatly reduces the production cost and helps improve the measurement accuracy.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows:
  • the fixing seat is provided with first circular holes at positions corresponding to both sides of the end of the ruler body, and the two ends of the cylindrical guide rail are respectively fitted with positioning sleeves and then inserted into the corresponding first circular holes,
  • the first round hole is filled with glue that memorizes the position of the cylindrical guide rail after being press-fitted by the first tool and is bonded and positioned.
  • the effect of adopting the above-mentioned further technical solution is: when the cylindrical guide rail is press-fitted to a state where the cylindricity and parallelism meet the requirements, the current position of the cylindrical guide rail is memorized and positioned by glue.
  • a movable grid is installed on the ruler frame;
  • the ruler body is a long U-shaped sheet structure with a groove in the middle, and a strip fixed grid corresponding to the movable grid is provided in the groove
  • On the ruler body and corresponding to the bottom of the groove is provided with a row of second round holes, the second round holes are installed with matching gaskets, the gasket is in the groove
  • the bottom side is the mounting surface where the fixed grid is installed, and the gasket is installed in the round hole and then press-fitted by the corresponding second tooling so that the mounting surface is parallel to the plane where the cylindrical guide rail is located After reaching the preset accuracy, it will be positioned.
  • the effect of adopting the above-mentioned further technical solution is: press-fit the gasket on the ruler body through the corresponding tooling until the parallelism with the cylindrical guide rail meets the requirements, so as to ensure that the dynamic gap between the ruler frame and the moving grid is maintained during the measurement process of the sliding of the ruler. Change, thereby ensuring the measurement accuracy of the digital caliper, and also turning the difficult-to-achieve high-precision processing into easy-to-achieve high-precision assembly.
  • the second round hole is filled with glue that memorizes the position of the gasket after the press-fitting and adheres the positioned glue.
  • the effect of adopting the above-mentioned further technical solution is: when the gasket is pressed to a state where the parallelism with the cylindrical guide rail meets the requirements, the current position of the gasket is memorized and positioned by glue.
  • the depth ruler for measuring the depth dimension; one end of the two cylindrical guide rails respectively penetrates the corresponding fixing seat and then connects to the fixed measuring claw; one end of the depth ruler is fixed to the installation groove of the ruler frame Inside, the other end is the measuring end; the measuring end of the depth ruler extends in the opposite direction of the fixed measuring claw on the side of the ruler away from the fixed grid and penetrates the corresponding fixed seat.
  • the effect of adopting the above-mentioned further technical solution is: realizing the measurement of the depth dimension.
  • the ruler frame is provided with sliding blocks at both ends corresponding to the side of each of the cylindrical guide rails away from the ruler body, and the sliders are all provided with V-shaped grooves; The V-shaped grooves on the two sliding blocks on the side are locked on the same cylindrical guide rail and can slide along the cylindrical guide rail.
  • both ends of the elastic piece are respectively connected to the two sliders on the same side of the ruler body, and the middle part is bent toward the corresponding cylindrical guide rail and abuts against the corresponding cylindrical guide rail.
  • the beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the elastic force generated by the deformation of the elastic sheet acts on the ruler frame, and under the action of the elastic force, the moving force of the driving ruler frame sliding along the ruler body is ensured to be constant, thereby ensuring the measurement accuracy.
  • Figure 1 is an overall view of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an assembly drawing of the ruler body and cylindrical guide rails
  • Figure 3 is an assembly drawing of the ruler frame and the sliding block
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view of the fixing seat away from the fixed measuring claw
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the third embodiment.
  • Ruler body 2. Fixed measuring claw, 3. Ruler frame, 4. Movable measuring claw, 5. Cylindrical guide rail, 6, Fixed seat, 7, Positioning sleeve, 8, Spacer, 9, Depth gauge, 10, Slide Block, 11, shrapnel, 12, installation slot.
  • a caliper with reduced machining requirements includes a ruler body 1, a fixed measuring jaw 2, a ruler frame 3 and a movable measuring jaw 4.
  • the fixed measuring claw 2 is fixed at one end of the ruler body 1.
  • the ruler frame 3 is slidably fitted on the ruler body 1 along the length direction of the ruler body, and the movable measuring claw 4 is fixed on the ruler frame 3 and between it and the fixed measuring claw 2 The distance corresponds to the measured size.
  • the measuring jaw is made of hard alloy, which has high wear resistance, and can also be made of other hard materials.
  • the caliper also includes a cylindrical guide rail 5, a fixing seat 6 and an elastic piece 11. There are two fixing bases 6 which are respectively installed at the two ends of the ruler body 1.
  • each cylindrical guide rail 5 is respectively mounted on the two fixing seats 6 and correspond to the positions on one side of the ruler body 1, and the two cylindrical guide rails 5 After being installed on the fixing seat 6, the corresponding first tool is press-fitted to make the respective cylindricity and mutual parallelism reach a preset accuracy before being positioned.
  • the ruler frame 3 is slidably fitted on the two cylindrical guide rails 5, as follows: as shown in FIG. 3, the ruler frame 3 corresponds to each of the cylindrical guide rails 5 away from the ruler body 1 Both ends of one side are respectively provided with sliders 10, and V-shaped grooves are provided on the sliders 10.
  • the V-shaped grooves on the two sliding blocks 10 on the same side of the ruler body 1 are clamped on the same cylindrical guide rail 5 and can slide along the cylindrical guide rail 5.
  • the two ends of the elastic sheet 11 are respectively connected to the two sliders 10 on the same side of the ruler body 1, and the middle part thereof is bent toward the corresponding cylindrical guide rail 5 and abuts against the corresponding cylindrical guide rail 5.
  • the elastic force generated by the deformation of the elastic sheet 10 acts on the ruler frame 3, and under the action of the elastic force, the moving force of the driving ruler frame 3 sliding along the ruler body 1/cylindrical guide 5 is kept constant, that is, the ruler frame 3 slides at a constant speed, thereby ensuring measurement accuracy.
  • the fixed measuring claw 2, the movable measuring claw 4, the cylindrical guide 5 and the fixed seat 6 are coated with titanium, which can further improve the service life of the caliper.
  • the fixing seat 6 is provided with first round holes at positions corresponding to both sides of the end of the ruler body 1, and the two ends of the cylindrical guide rail 5 are respectively fitted with positioning sleeves 7 and then inserted into the corresponding In the first circular hole, the first circular hole is filled with glue that memorizes the position of the cylindrical guide rail 5 after being press-fitted by the first tool and is bonded and positioned.
  • the ruler body is generally a long sheet-like structure. If you want to process an ultra-high-precision guide rail on it to ensure the measurement accuracy, on the one hand, high-precision mechanical equipment is required; on the other hand, complex processing procedures are required.
  • the caliper replaces the traditional caliper with a standard cylindrical guide rail 5, which requires high-precision sliding rail processing on the ruler body.
  • the cylindrical guide rail 5 is a standard part, which has high quality and relatively low cost. As long as the cylindrical guide rail 5 is assembled to The accuracy on the ruler body 1 can ensure the measurement accuracy of the caliper, and the accuracy of the cylindrical guide 5 assembling on the ruler body 1 can be realized by the following methods:
  • the fixing seat 6 is provided with a U-shaped groove that matches the ruler body 1) to form a rigid member, and then the two cylindrical guide rails 5 The ends are respectively fitted with the positioning sleeve 7 and then inserted into the corresponding first round hole of the fixing seat 6. Then begin to press-fit the cylindrical guide 5, press the cylindrical guide 5 through the first tool, so that the cylindricity of each cylindrical guide 5 and the parallelism of the two cylindrical guides 5 meet the requirements, and the position of the cylindrical guide 5 is changed after the press-fitting When the required accuracy is reached, the first round hole is filled with glue to bond and memorize the position of the cylindrical guide 5 after the press-fitting.
  • the caliper can also be made into a digital display mode: a moving grid is installed on the ruler frame 3, as shown in Figure 4, the ruler body 1 is a long U-shaped sheet structure with a groove in the middle, and the A strip-shaped fixed grid corresponding to the movable grid is arranged in the groove.
  • the digital display mode needs to be consistent with the fixed-grid gap during the sliding measurement of the moving grid with the ruler frame 3.
  • the traditional digital caliper also uses machining methods to make precision mechanical components, which is not easy to achieve. , The defect of high production cost.
  • the present invention also changes the difficult-to-achieve high-precision processing into easy-to-achieve high-precision assembly to overcome the above-mentioned defects:
  • a moving grid is installed on the ruler frame 3.
  • the ruler body 1 is a long U-shaped sheet structure with a groove in the middle, and a strip-shaped fixed grid corresponding to the movable grid is provided in the groove; on the ruler body 1 and corresponding to the
  • the bottom of the groove is provided with a row of second round holes, and a matching gasket 8 is installed in the second round holes.
  • the side of the gasket 8 at the bottom of the groove is the installation location.
  • the mounting surface of the fixed grid, and the gasket 8 is installed in the circular hole and then press-fitted by the corresponding second tooling so that the parallelism between the mounting surface and the plane where the cylindrical guide rail 5 is located reaches a preset The accuracy is then located.
  • the second round hole is filled with glue that memorizes the pressed position of the gasket 8 and adheres the positioned glue.
  • the fixed grid is installed on the gasket 8 that is the mounting surface to be on the ruler frame. 3 During the sliding measurement, the gap with the moving grid remains unchanged. Insert the positioning washer 8 into the round hole on the ruler body 1, and then press the spacer 8 through the second tool to the depth of the second round hole, so that the spacer 8 is on the side of the bottom of the groove of the ruler body 1 ( The mounting surface) is on the same plane and the parallelism with the cylindrical guide rail 5 meets the requirements. Finally, the round hole is filled with glue to bond and memorize the position of the gasket 8 after press-fitting. After the glue is completely cured, remove the second tooling.
  • the ruler body 1, the ruler frame 3, the fixed seat 6 and the sliding block 10 are all made by powder metallurgy.
  • a depth scale 9 for measuring the depth dimension can also be designed on the caliper: one end of the two cylindrical guide rails 5 respectively penetrate through the corresponding fixing seat 6 and then connect the fixed measuring claw 2.
  • One end of the depth ruler 9 is fixed in the installation groove 12 of the ruler frame 3, and the other end is a measuring end.
  • the measuring end of the depth ruler 9 extends in a direction opposite to the fixed measuring claw 2 on the side of the ruler body 1 away from the groove, and penetrates the corresponding fixed seat 6. Insert the end of the depth gauge 9 away from the ruler frame 3, that is, the measuring end, into the component to be tested, and the corresponding depth dimension of the component can be measured.
  • the cylindrical guide rail structure in the first embodiment can also be applied to a micrometer, and the assembly method of the first embodiment can also change the high-precision processing that is not easy to achieve into the high-precision assembly that is easy to achieve.
  • the cylindrical guide rail 5 is on the holder 12 and corresponds to both sides of the micrometer main grid 13 (fixed grid).
  • the micrometer ruler frame 14 is provided with a micrometer secondary grid (moving grid), which can be slidably fitted on the cylinder On the guide rail 5.
  • One end of the micrometer rod 15 is connected to the micrometer ruler frame 14, and the other end is a probe 16.
  • An outer sleeve 17 for concealing the cylindrical guide rail 5 is provided outside the holder 12.
  • the cylindrical guide rail structure in the first embodiment can also be applied to the measuring parts of the micrometer.
  • the assembly method of the first embodiment can also change the difficult-to-achievable high-precision processing into easy-to-achieve high-precision assembly.
  • the micrometer measuring rod 17 is in the micrometer main body 18, and one end thereof protrudes out of the micrometer main body 18.
  • the cylindrical guide rail 5 is located in the micrometer main body 18 and corresponds to the position on the micrometer measuring rod 17.
  • the micrometer main grid 19 (fixed grid) and the micrometer secondary grid 20 ( The moving grid) is located in the micrometer main body 18 at a position corresponding to the micrometer main grid 19.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length-Measuring Instruments Using Mechanical Means (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种降低机械加工要求的卡尺，包括尺身、固定量爪、尺框和活动量爪；所述固定量爪固定在所述尺身的一端；还包括圆柱导轨和固定座；所述固定座有两个，其分别安装在所述尺身的两端；所述圆柱导轨有两个，每一个所述圆柱导轨的两端分别安装到两个所述固定座上且对应所述尺身一侧的位置，并且两个所述圆柱导轨安装到所述固定座后经相应的第一工装压装以使各自的圆柱度和相互之间的平行度达到预设的精度再被定位住；所述尺框可滑动的套装在两个所述圆柱导轨上。该卡尺中的圆柱导轨为标准件，通过相应的工装在尺身上将圆柱导轨压装至圆柱度和平行度符合要求的状态，将不易实现的高精度加工变为易于实现的高精度装配，极大的降低了生产成本。

Description

一种降低机械加工要求的卡尺 技术领域
本发明涉及量具领域，具体涉及一种降低机械加工要求的卡尺。
背景技术
从德国马尔公司1871年生产出世界上第一把游标卡尺，普通卡尺的机械构件已经援用了两百多年，其基本结构和生产工艺至今没有大的变动。
随着科学技术的进步，人们创造出带表卡尺，数显卡尺等新型卡尺，但是其机械构件一直援用至今，结构上没有大的变动。卡尺的机械构件是一个由精密的机械件零件组成的构件，它的加工精度要求很高，通常要求达到0.01mm以上的制造精度，为了提高它的使用寿命，还要对部件进行热处理，为达到零件的尺寸精度，还要对零件进行高精度的磨削加工，需要高精度的机械设备和高技术水平的技工，投资成本很大，其人力成本占产品成本的比例也很大。如传统的卡尺为保证测量精度，需要在尺身上加工出精度超高的导轨供尺框滑动，而尺身一般为长条片状结构，要想在其上加工出精度超高的导轨，一方面需要高精度的机械设备；另一方面需要复杂的加工工序和高技术水平的技工。
发明内容
综上所述，为克服现有技术的不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种降低机械加工要求的卡尺。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：一种降低机械加工要求的卡尺，包括尺身、固定量爪、尺框和活动量爪；所述固定量爪固定在所述尺身的一端；所述尺框可沿所述尺身长度方向滑动的套装在所述尺身上，所述活 动量爪固定在所述尺框上，并且其与所述固定量爪之间的距离对应被测量尺寸；还包括圆柱导轨和固定座；所述固定座有两个，其分别安装在所述尺身的两端；所述圆柱导轨有两个，每一个所述圆柱导轨的两端分别安装到两个所述固定座上且对应所述尺身一侧的位置，并且两个所述圆柱导轨安装到所述固定座后经相应的第一工装压装以使各自的圆柱度和相互之间的平行度达到预设的精度再被定位住；所述尺框可滑动的套装在两个所述圆柱导轨上。
本发明的有益效果是：该卡尺中的圆柱导轨为标准件，其有极高的光洁度和硬度，通过相应的工装在尺身上将圆柱导轨压装至圆柱度和平行度符合要求的状态，再将其用粘结的方法固定住，将不易实现的高精度加工变为易于实现的高精度装配，极大的降低了生产成本，并且有利于提高测量精度。
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还可以做如下改进：
进一步，所述固定座上对应所述尺身端部两侧的位置分别设有第一圆孔，所述圆柱导轨的两端分别套装定位套后再插入相应的所述第一圆孔内，在所述第一圆孔内填充有记忆所述圆柱导轨被第一工装压装后的位置并粘结定位住的胶水。
采用上述进一步技术方案的效果为：在圆柱导轨压装至圆柱度和平行度符合要求的状态时，通过胶水记忆并定位圆柱导轨的当前位置。
进一步，所述尺框上安装有动栅；所述尺身为中部设有凹槽的长条U型片状结构，所述凹槽内设有与所述动栅相对应的条状定栅；在所述尺身上且对应所述凹槽内的底部设有一排第二圆孔，所述第二圆孔内均安装有与其相匹配的垫片，所述垫片处于所述凹槽内底部的一侧为安装所述定栅的安装面，并且所述垫片安装到所述圆孔内后经相应的第二工装压装以使所述安装面与所述圆柱导轨所在平面的平行度达到预设的精度再被定位住。
采用上述进一步技术方案的效果为：通过相应的工装在尺身上将垫片压 装至与圆柱导轨平行度符合要求的状态，以保证在尺框滑动的测量过程中与动栅的动态间隙保持不变，进而保证数显卡尺的测量精度，同样将不易实现的高精度加工变为易于实现的高精度装配。
进一步，在所述第二圆孔内填充有记忆所述垫片压装后的位置并粘结定位住的胶水。
采用上述进一步技术方案的效果为：在垫片压装至与圆柱导轨平行度符合要求的状态时，通过胶水记忆并定位垫片的当前位置。
进一步，还包括测量深度尺寸的深度尺；两根所述圆柱导轨的一端分别贯穿相应的所述固定座后连接所述固定量爪；所述深度尺的一端固定在所述尺框的安装槽内，其另一端为测量端；所述深度尺的测量端在所述尺身远离所述定栅的一侧朝所述固定量爪相反的方向延伸并贯穿相应的所述固定座。
采用上述进一步技术方案的效果为：实现深度尺寸的测量。
进一步，所述尺框上对应每一根所述圆柱导轨远离所述尺身的一侧的两端分别设有滑块，所述滑块上均设有V型槽；处于所述尺身同一侧的两个所述滑块上的V型槽卡在同一根所述圆柱导轨上并可沿所述圆柱导轨滑动。
进一步，还包括弹片；所述弹片的两端分别连接处于所述尺身同一侧的两个所述滑块，其中部朝相应的所述圆柱导轨弯曲并抵住对应的所述圆柱导轨。
采用上述进一步方案的有益效果是：弹片变形产生的弹力作用于尺框，在该弹力的作用下保证驱动尺框沿尺身滑动的移动力恒定，从而保证测量精度。
附图说明
图1为本发明整体图；
图2为尺身与圆柱导轨等部件的装配图；
图3为尺框与滑块等部件的装配图；
图4为远离固定量爪的固定座的剖视图；
图5为实施例二的结构示意图；
图6为实施例三的结构示意图。
附图中，各标号所代表的部件列表如下：
1、尺身，2、固定量爪，3、尺框，4、活动量爪，5、圆柱导轨，6、固定座，7、定位套，8、垫片，9、深度尺，10、滑块，11、弹片，12、安装槽。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例一
如图1所示，一种降低机械加工要求的卡尺，包括尺身1、固定量爪2、尺框3和活动量爪4。所述固定量爪2固定在所述尺身1的一端。所述尺框3可沿所述尺身长度方向滑动的套装在所述尺身1上，所述活动量爪4固定在所述尺框3上，并且其与所述固定量爪2之间的距离对应被测量尺寸。量爪用硬质合金制成，具有很高的耐磨性，也可以采用其它的硬质材料制作。该卡尺还包括圆柱导轨5、固定座6和弹片11。所述固定座6有两个，其分别安装在所述尺身1的两端。所述圆柱导轨5有两个，每一个所述圆柱导轨5的两端分别安装到两个所述固定座6上且对应所述尺身1一侧的位置，并且两个所述圆柱导轨5安装到所述固定座6后经相应的第一工装压装以使各自的圆柱度和相互之间的平行度达到预设的精度再被定位住。所述尺框3可滑动的套装在两个所述圆柱导轨5上，具体如下：如图3所示，所述尺框3上对应每一根所述圆柱导轨5远离所述尺身1的一侧两端分别设有滑块10， 所述滑块10上均设有V型槽。处于所述尺身1同一侧的两个所述滑块10上的V型槽卡在同一根所述圆柱导轨5上并可沿所述圆柱导轨5滑动。所述弹片11的两端分别连接处于所述尺身1同一侧的两个所述滑块10，其中部朝相应的所述圆柱导轨5弯曲并抵住对应的所述圆柱导轨5。弹片10变形产生的弹力作用于尺框3，在该弹力的作用下保证驱动尺框3沿尺身1/圆柱导轨5滑动的移动力恒定，即尺框3匀速滑动，从而保证测量精度。将固定量爪2、活动量爪4、圆柱导轨5和固定座6进行镀钛处理，可以进一步提高卡尺的的使用寿命。
如图2所示，所述固定座6上对应所述尺身1端部两侧的位置分别设有第一圆孔，所述圆柱导轨5的两端分别套装定位套7后再插入相应的所述第一圆孔内，在所述第一圆孔内填充有记忆所述圆柱导轨5被第一工装压装后的位置并粘结定位住的胶水。尺身一般为长条片状结构，要想在其上加工出精度超高的导轨保证测量精度，一方面需要高精度的机械设备；另一方面需要复杂的加工工序。该卡尺通过标准件圆柱导轨5替代传统卡尺需要在尺身上加工高精度滑轨的工序，而圆柱导轨5为标准件，其有很高的质量和相对低的成本，只要保证圆柱导轨5装配到尺身1上的精度就能保证卡尺的测量精度，通过下述方式实现圆柱导轨5装配到尺身1上的精度：
首先将两个固定座6分别插接都尺身1的两端(固定座6内设有于尺身1相匹配的U型槽)，使之形成一个刚性构件，然后将圆柱导轨5的两端分别套装定位套7后再插入固定座6相应的第一圆孔内。接着开始对圆柱导轨5进行压装，通过第一工装将圆柱导轨5压装，使每一圆柱导轨5自身的圆柱度和两圆柱导轨5平行度符合要求，圆柱导轨5被压装后位置改并变达到要求的精度，此时再对第一圆孔内填充胶水将圆柱导轨5压装后的位置粘结记忆住。等到胶水完全固化后，再卸除第一工装即可。通过上述圆柱导轨5的结构，将不易实现的高精度加工变为易于实现的高精度装配，极大的降低 了生产成本，并且有利于控制测量精度。
该卡尺也可制成数显模式：在所述尺框3上安装有动栅，如图4所示，所述尺身1为中部设有凹槽的长条U型片状结构，所述凹槽内设有与所述动栅相对应的条状定栅。数显模式为保证测量精度，需要动栅随尺框3滑动测量的过程中要与定栅间隙保持一致，传统数显卡尺同样是采用机械加工的方法来制成精密机械构件，亦存在不易实现，生产成本高的缺陷。本发明同样将不易实现的高精度加工变为易于实现的高精度装配来克服上述缺陷：
所述尺框3上安装有动栅。所述尺身1为中部设有凹槽的长条U型片状结构，所述凹槽内设有与所述动栅相对应的条状定栅；在所述尺身1上且对应所述凹槽内的底部设有一排第二圆孔，所述第二圆孔内均安装有与其相匹配的垫片8，所述垫片8处于所述凹槽内底部的一侧为安装所述定栅的安装面，并且所述垫片8安装到所述圆孔内后经相应的第二工装压装以使所述安装面与所述圆柱导轨5所在平面的平行度达到预设的精度再被定位住。在所述第二圆孔内填充有记忆所述垫片8压装后的位置并粘结定位住的胶水，所述定栅安装在所述垫片8即安装面上以在所述尺框3滑动的测量过程中与所述动栅的间隙保持不变。将定位垫片8装入到尺身1上的圆孔，然后通过第二工装压装垫片8到第二圆孔内的深度，使垫片8处于尺身1凹槽底部的一侧(安装面)处于同一平面且与圆柱导轨5的平行度达到要求，最后再对圆孔内填充胶水将垫片8压装后的位置粘结记忆住。等到胶水完全固化后，再卸除第二工装即可。尺身1、尺框3、固定座6以及滑块10等零件都采用粉末冶金工艺制作。
在该卡尺上还可以设计测量深度尺寸的深度尺9：两根所述圆柱导轨5的一端分别贯穿相应的所述固定座6后连接所述固定量爪2。所述深度尺9的一端固定在所述尺框3的安装槽12内，其另一端为测量端。所述深度尺9的测量端在所述尺身1远离所述凹槽的一侧朝所述固定量爪2相反的方向延 伸，且贯穿相应的所述固定座6。将深度尺9远离尺框3的一端即测量端插入被测部件内，即可测出部件相应的深度尺寸。
实施例二
如图5所示，实施例一中的圆柱导轨结构还可应用在测微计上，采用实施例一的装配方式同样可以将不易实现的高精度加工变为易于实现的高精度装配。其中圆柱导轨5处于保持架12上且对应测微计主栅13(定栅)的两侧，测微计尺框14上设有测微计副栅(动栅)，其可滑动套装在圆柱导轨5上。测微计测杆15一端连接测微计尺框14，其另一端为测头16。保持架12外部设有将圆柱导轨5隐蔽起来的外套管17。
实施例三
如图6所示，实施例一中的圆柱导轨结构还可应用在千分尺的测量部件上，采用实施例一的装配方式同样可以将不易实现的高精度加工变为易于实现的高精度装配。千分尺测杆17处于千分尺主体18中，并且其一端伸出到千分尺主体18之外。其中圆柱导轨5处于千分尺主体18内且对应千分尺测杆17上的位置处，在千分尺测杆17上对应圆柱导轨5之间的位置设有千分尺主栅19(定栅)，千分尺副栅20(动栅)处于千分尺主体18内与千分尺主栅19相对应的位置处。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种降低机械加工要求的卡尺，包括尺身(1)、固定量爪(2)、尺框(3)和活动量爪(4)；所述固定量爪(2)固定在所述尺身(1)的一端；所述尺框(3)可沿所述尺身(1)长度方向滑动的套装在所述尺身(1)上，所述活动量爪(4)固定在所述尺框(3)上，并且其与所述固定量爪(2)之间的距离对应被测量尺寸；其特征在于，还包括圆柱导轨(5)和固定座(6)；所述固定座(6)有两个，其分别安装在所述尺身(1)的两端；所述圆柱导轨(5)有两个，每一个所述圆柱导轨(5)的两端分别安装到两个所述固定座(6)上且对应所述尺身(1)一侧的位置，并且两个所述圆柱导轨(5)安装到所述固定座(6)后经相应的第一工装压装以使各自的圆柱度和相互之间的平行度达到预设的精度再被定位住；所述尺框(3)可滑动的套装在两个所述圆柱导轨(5)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的降低机械加工要求的卡尺，其特征在于，所述固定座(6)上对应所述尺身(1)端部两侧的位置分别设有第一圆孔，所述圆柱导轨(5)的两端分别套装定位套(7)后再插入相应的所述第一圆孔内，在所述第一圆孔内填充有记忆所述圆柱导轨(5)被第一工装压装后的位置并粘结定位住的胶水。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的降低机械加工要求的卡尺，其特征在于，所述尺框(3)上安装有动栅；所述尺身(1)为中部设有凹槽的长条U型片状结构，所述凹槽内设有与所述动栅相对且间隔设置的条状定栅；在所述尺身(1)上且对应所述凹槽内的底部设有一排第二圆孔，所述第二圆孔内均安装有与其相匹配的垫片(8)，所述垫片(8)处于所述凹槽内底部的一侧为安装所述定栅的安装面，并且所述垫片(8)安装到所述圆孔内后经相应的第二工装压装以使所述安装面与所述圆柱导轨(5)所在平面的平行度达到 预设的精度再被定位住。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的降低机械加工要求的卡尺，其特征在于，在所述第二圆孔内填充有记忆所述垫片(8)压装后的位置并粘结定位住的胶水。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的降低机械加工要求的卡尺，其特征在于，还包括测量深度尺寸的深度尺(9)；两根所述圆柱导轨(5)的一端分别贯穿相应的所述固定座(6)后连接所述固定量爪(2)；所述深度尺(9)的一端固定在所述尺框(3)的安装槽(12)内，其另一端为测量端；所述深度尺(9)的测量端在所述尺身(1)远离所述定栅的一侧朝所述固定量爪(2)相反的方向延伸并贯穿相应的所述固定座(6)。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的降低机械加工要求的卡尺，其特征在于，所述尺框(3)上对应每一根所述圆柱导轨(5)远离所述尺身(1)的一侧的两端分别设有滑块(10)，所述滑块(10)上均设有V型槽；处于所述尺身(1)同一侧的两个所述滑块(10)上的V型槽卡在同一根所述圆柱导轨(5)上并可沿所述圆柱导轨(5)滑动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的降低机械加工要求的卡尺，其特征在于，还包括弹片(11)；所述弹片(11)的两端分别连接处于所述尺身(1)同一侧的两个所述滑块(10)，其中部朝相应的所述圆柱导轨(5)弯曲并抵住对应的所述圆柱导轨(5)。
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JPH08136204A (ja) * 1994-11-07 1996-05-31 Mitsutoyo Corp 測定器
CN101261107A (zh) * 2008-04-18 2008-09-10 钟胜 复合卡尺
CN104880167A (zh) * 2015-06-24 2015-09-02 南京林业大学 一种数显年轮宽度测量装置
CN110230964A (zh) * 2019-06-18 2019-09-13 赵志强 一种降低机械加工要求的卡尺

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08136204A (ja) * 1994-11-07 1996-05-31 Mitsutoyo Corp 測定器
CN101261107A (zh) * 2008-04-18 2008-09-10 钟胜 复合卡尺
CN104880167A (zh) * 2015-06-24 2015-09-02 南京林业大学 一种数显年轮宽度测量装置
CN110230964A (zh) * 2019-06-18 2019-09-13 赵志强 一种降低机械加工要求的卡尺

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