WO2020252780A1 - 智能化植保与养护系统 - Google Patents

智能化植保与养护系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020252780A1
WO2020252780A1 PCT/CN2019/092357 CN2019092357W WO2020252780A1 WO 2020252780 A1 WO2020252780 A1 WO 2020252780A1 CN 2019092357 W CN2019092357 W CN 2019092357W WO 2020252780 A1 WO2020252780 A1 WO 2020252780A1
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Prior art keywords
unit
subsystem
artificial
soil
planting
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PCT/CN2019/092357
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘容彰
Original Assignee
刘容彰
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Application filed by 刘容彰 filed Critical 刘容彰
Priority to CN201980007902.9A priority Critical patent/CN111801006B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/092357 priority patent/WO2020252780A1/zh
Publication of WO2020252780A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020252780A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/007Metering or regulating systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C3/00Treating manure; Manuring
    • A01C3/02Storage places for manure, e.g. cisterns for liquid manure; Installations for fermenting manure
    • A01C3/023Digesters
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G11/00Sterilising soil by steam
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/17Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16Control of watering
    • A01G25/167Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/02Treatment of plants with carbon dioxide
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14Greenhouses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/247Watering arrangements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01MCATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M17/00Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01MCATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M7/00Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/18Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/24Apparatus using programmed or automatic operation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28Anaerobic digestion processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2202/00Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
    • A61L2202/10Apparatus features
    • A61L2202/14Means for controlling sterilisation processes, data processing, presentation and storage means, e.g. sensors, controllers, programs
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the technical field of agricultural engineering, greening engineering, environmental protection and waste resource utilization, and in particular relates to an intelligent plant protection and maintenance system.
  • Wastes such as poultry manure and urine.
  • most of the agricultural and forestry products grain, fruits and vegetables, milk, eggs, livestock and poultry, aquatic products, etc.
  • waste siege a large amount of organic waste is generated, resulting in waste siege.
  • Poses a serious direct threat to the urban environment.
  • Some types of organic wastes are extremely easy to deteriorate and decompose. This leads to the deterioration and deterioration of the waste before it is transported to the landfill or waste incineration plant, which will produce a large amount of malodorous gas and seepage, causing secondary pollution.
  • Garbage is also called solid waste, or solid waste.
  • the landfill method only cleans the streets, communities, etc., collecting and transporting garbage to the landfill will occupy a lot of land and consume a lot of manpower, material and financial resources. It will also cause secondary pollution and up to 30 years of maintenance. Dilemma.
  • Sewage also called wastewater
  • Sewage is classified into domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, and runoff sewage according to its source.
  • the direct discharge of sewage into rivers, rivers, lakes, and seas caused serious water pollution incidents.
  • people generally take sewage treatment measures and develop a variety of sewage treatment methods and treatment paths, which indeed reduce the environmental damage of sewage.
  • Various sewage treatment methods and paths inevitably produce secondary pollutants-sludge, and the output is huge.
  • the sludge contains a large amount of organic matter and nutrient elements, and has the value of agricultural resource utilization; at the same time, it may contain a large amount of heavy metal substances, pathogenic bacteria, viruses and toxic organic matter. Therefore, its production, storage, disposal and resource utilization may harm the environment.
  • the treatment and disposal of sludge has become a worldwide social and environmental problem.
  • Malodorous gas is a general term for all kinds of gas that cause unpleasant odors. Malodorous gas pollution belongs to the category of air pollution, which directly harms human health and causes symptoms such as nausea, headache, insomnia and poor appetite. It is one of the seven major public hazards in the world and a typical pollution that disturbs people.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of this application is to provide an intelligent plant protection and maintenance system, aiming at the integrated development of urban and rural areas, to solve the classification, collection, processing and transportation of waste produced by urban and rural production and life, and to implement soil for new planting units Sterilization and disinfection, soil improvement, irrigation, fertilization, prevention of plant diseases and insect pests, soil and plant root respiration, plant resistance to high temperature and low temperature protection, and other technical issues of intelligent plant protection and maintenance.
  • an intelligent plant protection and maintenance system including a planting unit, a disinfection subsystem for providing sterilization and disinfectant, high-temperature water vapor and pesticides, and a fertilizing sub-system for the classified collection of waste and conversion into fertilizer.
  • a system and an irrigation subsystem for converting wastewater into irrigation water, the planting unit includes at least one of a roof greening unit, a green belt unit, a farmland improvement unit, a greenhouse improvement unit, a beach improvement unit, and an artificial purification unit;
  • the planting unit further includes a permeable structure connected to the output ends of the disinfection subsystem, the fertilization subsystem, and the irrigation subsystem, and the permeable structure is used to disperse the sterilization and disinfectant, High-temperature water vapor, fertilizers, pesticides and water sources are applied to the roof greening unit, the green belt unit, the farmland improvement unit, the greenhouse improvement unit, the beach improvement unit, and the artificial purification unit.
  • irrigation subsystem is connected with urban water supply and drainage systems, rural water networks and reservoirs, and the irrigation subsystem is used to collect wastewater and convert it into irrigation water.
  • the fertilization subsystem is connected to urban and rural sewage pipes, septic tanks, sewage pipe networks, and biogas digesters through pipe networks to collect and ferment organic waste from the urban and rural sewage pipes to make fertilizer and pass through the
  • the osmotic structure applies the fertilizer to the planting unit.
  • the disinfection subsystem includes a pipe network for connecting with the factory, the pipe network is used to receive the disinfectant and high-temperature water vapor discharged from the factory, and is used to sterilize the soil of the planting unit Disinfect, kill insect eggs or kill weed seeds.
  • the permeable structure when the planting unit includes the green roof unit, includes a first porous pipe and a first stone layer and a first stone layer that are sequentially tiled in the green roof of the green roof unit.
  • the gravel layer and the first sand grain layer, the output ends of the disinfection subsystem, the fertilization subsystem, and the irrigation subsystem are all connected to the first porous pipe.
  • the soil of the planting unit is passed into disinfectant and high-temperature steam sterilization, and passed into the biogas slurry, soil conditioner or biological agent to make the root system, residual stem, and residual branch of the plant exist in the soil.
  • the exudates of decayed leaves and plant roots are converted into organic fertilizer, so that the planting unit realizes a continuous tillage and continuous planting mode of continuous cultivation of the crops.
  • the roof greening unit includes a dry farming roof greening unit, an artificial wetland roof greening unit, an artificial floating bed roof greening unit, and an artificial sunken bed roof greening unit
  • the dry farming roof greening unit, the artificial Wetland type roof greening unit, said artificial floating bed type roof greening unit and said artificial sunken bed type roof greening unit are connected in series, in parallel or cross-connected to realize the cyclic purification of sewage discharged from the building;
  • Unit, the artificial wetland type roof greening unit, the artificial floating bed type roof greening unit, and the artificial sunken bed type roof greening unit are all connected to the biogas project to realize the passage of waste organic matter generated in the building The biogas project is utilized, and the building realizes zero discharge of sewage and waste organic matter.
  • the permeable structure further includes a porous partition, the porous partition is arranged under the roof green space, and a container is formed under the porous partition The cavity is connected with the disinfection subsystem, the fertilization subsystem and the irrigation subsystem.
  • porous partition is paved with a sand and gravel layer and a waste organic layer, a sludge layer and a soil layer laid on the sand and gravel layer and used to grow roof green plants.
  • the mud layer and the soil layer alternate multiple times into a mixed layer.
  • the planting unit includes the green belt unit
  • the green belt unit further includes a second rock layer, a second gravel layer, and a second sand layer
  • the permeable structure further includes a layer for burying in The second porous pipe under the green belt, the output ends of the disinfection subsystem, the fertilization subsystem and the irrigation subsystem are all connected to the second porous pipe, and the second rock layer, The second gravel layer and the second sand grain layer are sequentially arranged around the outer periphery of the second porous pipe from the inside to the outside.
  • the green belt unit includes a dry farming green belt unit, an artificial wetland green belt unit, an artificial floating bed green belt unit, and an artificial sunken bed green belt unit, the dry farming green belt unit, the artificial The wetland type green belt unit, the artificial floating bed type green belt unit and the artificial sunken bed type green belt unit are connected in series, in parallel or cross-connected to realize the cyclic purification of sewage discharged from urban and rural areas; the dry-farming roof greening unit , The artificial wetland type roof greening unit, the artificial floating bed type roof greening unit and the artificial sunken bed type roof greening unit are all connected to the roof greening unit and the biogas project to realize the passage of waste organic matter generated in urban and rural areas The biogas project is utilized, and enables zero discharge of sewage and waste organic matter in urban and rural areas.
  • the permeable structure further includes a third porous pipe used to be buried in the green underground of the farmland, the disinfection subsystem, the fertilization subsystem, and the The output ends of the irrigation subsystem are all connected to the third porous pipe
  • the farmland improvement unit further includes a third rock layer, a third gravel layer, and a third sand layer.
  • the third rock layer, The third gravel layer and the third sand grain layer are sequentially arranged around the outer periphery of the third porous pipe from the inside to the outside.
  • the farmland improvement unit further includes a support plate, the support plate is buried under the third porous pipe, and a cultivation pond connected to the open-air pond is opened under the support plate.
  • the planting unit includes the greenhouse improvement unit
  • the greenhouse improvement unit includes a planting greenhouse
  • the permeable structure includes a porous rib
  • the porous rib is buried under the planting greenhouse
  • the disinfection The subsystem is buried under the perforated ribs, and under the perforated ribs, a fertilizer storage tank, a biogas tank, and a water storage tank are opened.
  • the fertilizer storage tank, the biogas tank, and the water storage tank are separated from each other. It is provided that the fertilizer storage tank is connected to the biogas tank, the fertilizer storage tank is connected to the fertilizer application subsystem, and the storage tank is connected to the irrigation subsystem.
  • the greenhouse improvement unit includes a dry farming type greenhouse improvement unit, an artificial wetland type greenhouse improvement unit, an artificial floating bed type greenhouse improvement unit, and an artificial sunken bed type greenhouse improvement unit, the dry farming type greenhouse improvement unit, the artificial wetland The wetland type greenhouse improvement unit, the artificial floating bed type greenhouse improvement unit and the artificial sunken bed type greenhouse improvement unit are connected in series, in parallel or cross-connected to realize the cyclic purification of sewage discharged from urban and rural areas; the dry farming type greenhouse improvement unit , The artificial wetland type greenhouse improvement unit, the artificial floating bed type greenhouse improvement unit and the artificial sunken bed type greenhouse improvement unit are all connected to the roof greening unit, the green belt unit and the biogas project to The waste organic matter generated in urban and rural areas is utilized through the biogas project, and the urban and rural areas realize zero discharge of sewage and waste organic matter.
  • the biogas digester collects waste gas organic matter and sewage, and uses waste heat to achieve heating to produce biogas, biogas liquid and biogas residue, and the biogas is separated to form a mixed gas of methane gas and carbon monoxide gas, malodorous gas and Carbon dioxide gas to improve the photosynthesis efficiency of plants
  • the fertilization subsystem is connected with a malodorous gas pipeline or a storage tank, and the malodorous gas penetrates into the middle and lower soil layers of the planting unit and between the plant roots through the permeable structure.
  • the biogas slurry and biogas residue enter the fertilizer storage tank to ferment to form fertilizer to achieve Comprehensive utilization of waste, waste heat and sewage.
  • carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the planting greenhouse to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the planting greenhouse, and air is introduced into the plant roots and soil of the planting greenhouse to enhance the respiration of the plant roots and soil, and enhance the Photosynthesis efficiency.
  • each of the beach improvement units is filled with silt
  • the infiltration structure further includes a plurality of infiltration pipes, and each of the infiltration pipes is connected to the disinfectant.
  • the system, the fertilization subsystem and the irrigation subsystem are connected, and the outer wall of each infiltration pipe is attached with a composite omentum structure to prevent silt, sand and plant roots from entering the infiltration pipe.
  • the planting unit includes the artificial purification unit
  • pollutants with high heavy metal content are treated by leaching bacteria, planting heavy metal excess accumulation plants, and dry farming, artificial wetland, and artificial floating beds.
  • the four kinds of artificial purification units planting super-purification plants combined with the combined effect of planting super-purification plants and purifying high-quality reclaimed water and high-quality soil, transforming deserts and wastelands into fertile land, which means that waste is harmless, resourced and reduced
  • the treatment is combined with the transformation of deserts and wastelands.
  • the man-made purification unit also includes a number of the seepage pipes, and each of the seepage pipes is respectively laid on the bottom of each anti-leakage tank and used for extracting the seepage liquid containing heavy metal ions and planting heavy metal overaccumulation plants. Recycle heavy metals.
  • ammonia gas and malodorous gas can be used as gaseous fertilizers to be applied to the root soil of plants for plant growth.
  • the intelligent plant protection and maintenance system provided by the embodiments of the present application, because the disinfection subsystem, the fertilization subsystem, and the irrigation subsystem are connected to the infiltration structure, the disinfection subsystem, the fertilization subsystem, and the irrigation subsystem At least one of the roof greening unit, green belt unit, farmland improvement unit, greenhouse improvement unit, beach improvement unit and artificial purification unit can be supplied with disinfectant, high-temperature steam, fertilizer nutrients and water source at the same time, thereby realizing urban Green soil, farmland green soil, and coastal tidal flats, artificially purified soil disinfection and sterilization, prevention of diseases and insect pests, fertilization, irrigation water and drainage ensure the respiration of soil and plant roots.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a roof greening unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 2 is another schematic structural diagram of a roof greening unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a green belt unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a farmland improvement unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a greenhouse improvement unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a beach improvement unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an artificial purification unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a technical route of a greenhouse improvement unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the general technical route of the intelligent plant protection and maintenance system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the first gravel layer 14 The first sand layer 15—Porous separator
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of this application, “multiple” means two or more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , Or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • installed can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , Or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • embodiments of this application provide an intelligent plant protection and maintenance system, which includes a think tank team and intelligent facilities.
  • the think tank team is composed of meteorological experts, hydrological experts, environmental protection experts, soil experts, agricultural engineering experts, greening engineering experts, information and communication engineering experts, agricultural technicians and plant protection experts. It is a collaboration method for traditional farmers, agricultural science and technology personnel, etc. Upgrade.
  • the experts within the said think tank team can cooperate with each other, give play to the wisdom of various talents, and can use smart facilities to integrate, recycle, and scientificize various resources (including waste) in towns and villages. Utilization, belongs to a higher level of organization team, and can continuously improve and upgrade intelligently.
  • Intelligent facilities include planting units used to improve soil, disinfection subsystems (not shown) used to provide disinfectants, high-temperature water vapor and pesticides, and fertilization sub-systems used to separate wastes and convert them into fertilizers System (not shown), irrigation subsystem (not shown) for converting wastewater into irrigation water, etc. It can also include intelligent agricultural machinery, drones, intelligent control units and cloud computing centers. Among them, intelligent agricultural machinery includes farming, sowing, weeding, and harvesting agricultural machinery widely used in today's society. UAVs include rotary-wing or fixed-wing unmanned aircraft and wingless aircraft, which can perform plant protection tasks such as patrolling plants, preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests, and applying foliar fertilizers.
  • the planting unit includes at least one of a roof greening unit 10, a green belt unit 20, a farmland improvement unit 30, a greenhouse improvement unit 40, a beach improvement unit 50, and an artificial purification unit 60.
  • a roof greening unit 10 a green belt unit 20, a farmland improvement unit 30, a greenhouse improvement unit 40, a beach improvement unit 50, and an artificial purification unit 60.
  • the green roof units 10 can be connected to each other to form a series-connected green roof unit 10.
  • the planting unit also includes an infiltration structure, which is connected to the output ends of the disinfection subsystem, fertilization subsystem, and irrigation subsystem.
  • the infiltration structure is used to apply disinfectant, high-temperature water vapor, fertilizer, and water to the roof.
  • the permeable structure can specifically apply fertilizers such as sterilization and disinfectant, high-temperature steam, gaseous fertilizer, liquid fertilizer, pesticides and water to the soil through the method of seepage. It can also realize the discharge of saline solution, stagnant water and harmful substances in the soil and the recovery of disinfectants.
  • intelligent agricultural machinery includes farming agricultural machinery and fertilizing agricultural machinery, which can apply various solid fertilizers (including chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure) to the green belt unit, greenhouse improvement unit, farmland improvement unit, and beach improvement unit.
  • solid fertilizers including chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure
  • the traditional farmyard fertilizers in my country for thousands of years, such as manure, manure, compost, straw manure, green manure, soil and miscellaneous fertilizers (such as smoked soil, pond sludge), cake fertilizer, peat and humic acid fertilizers can be used Comprehensive utilization, through the above-mentioned intelligent plant protection and maintenance system, further enhance the efficiency of fertilizer utilization, and provide a more convenient and sustainable development for the inheritance and innovative development of agricultural civilization.
  • the disinfection subsystem is used to provide sterilization and disinfection preparations and high-temperature water vapor to the planting unit, sterilize the soil of the planting unit, kill insect eggs, weed seeds and other harmful substances. At the same time, the disinfection subsystem can also recover the sterilization and disinfection agents remaining in the planting unit for recycling and environmental protection. Furthermore, the disinfection subsystem can apply pesticides, biological enzyme agents, antibacterial agents, insecticides, etc. to the planting unit for the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests.
  • the disinfection subsystem is also connected with a soil conditioner production plant or storage tank.
  • Soil conditioners are also called soil structure conditioners, or soil conditioners for short, such as humic acids and polyacrylic acids. It can adjust the pH value of the soil, the number and types of soil microorganisms, promote the activity of various enzymes in the soil, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improve the soil water, fertilizer, gas, and heat conditions, promote plant growth, and increase plant quality and yield .
  • the disinfection subsystem consists of a metering pump, a control valve, a pressure reducing valve, a storage tank, a pipeline, etc., wherein the pipeline is connected to the storage tank, and the metering pump, control valve, and pressure reducing valve are all set on the pipeline to control
  • the pipeline is switched on and off, and the flow of disinfectant and high-temperature water vapor flowing in the pipeline is controlled.
  • the disinfection subsystem includes a pipeline network used to connect with external factories and industrial and mining enterprises, and the pipeline network is used to receive sterilization and disinfection preparations, high-temperature water vapor, pesticides, and biological antibacterial agents produced by the industrial and mining enterprises.
  • the disinfection subsystem provides sterilization and disinfection preparations and high-temperature water vapor to the planting unit, sterilizes the soil of the planting unit, kills insect eggs, weed seeds and other harmful substances.
  • the disinfection subsystem can also recover the sterilization and disinfection agents remaining in the planting unit for recycling and environmental protection.
  • the disinfection subsystem can apply pesticides, biological antibacterial agents, etc. to the planting unit.
  • the pesticides are used to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.
  • the disinfection subsystem is connected with the pesticide storage tank, and can also infiltrate pesticides, biological enzymes, antibacterial and insecticides to the root end of the plant through the permeable structure, stimulate plant vitality, and increase plant disease resistance, antibacterial and insect resistance.
  • the fertilization subsystem is used to provide fertilizer to the planting unit through the infiltration structure.
  • the fertilization subsystem is connected with urban and rural septic tanks, biogas tanks, sewage tanks and sewage pipe networks, as well as rural biogas tanks through pipe networks to classify and collect the excretion of urban sewers and kitchen waste, and ferment them into fertilizers.
  • the osmotic structure applies fertilizer to the planting unit.
  • septic tanks, biogas tanks, and sewage tanks can collect perishable and deteriorating organic waste, such as human manure, livestock and poultry manure, slaughterhouse waste, leftovers from food processing, food and kitchen waste, etc.
  • Anaerobic fermentation produces biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue.
  • the biogas can further separate the mixed gas of methane and carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and malodorous gas.
  • the mixed gas of methane and carbon monoxide can be used as clean energy; carbon dioxide gas and malodorous gas can be used as gaseous fertilizers, which are collected, stored, and transported separately, and applied to the planting unit.
  • the biogas slurry can be efficiently and safely transported to the planting unit through a closed pipe network for soil improvement; the biogas residue can be collected, stored, transported and sprayed into the soil in a sealed container to increase the organic matter of the soil and achieve soil improvement. It can collect and ferment the excretion from urban sewers and kitchen waste into organic fertilizer, etc., and fertilize the planting unit.
  • Fertilizers are needed for plant growth, including gaseous fertilizers (such as ammonia, malodorous gas, or carbon dioxide, etc.) and liquid fertilizers (such as biogas slurry, microbial fertilizer, chemical fertilizers, etc.).
  • the fertilization subsystem is composed of metering pumps, control valves, safety valves, pressure reducing valves, storage tanks, fertilizer storage tanks, pipelines, and instruments for detecting various elements of fertilizer.
  • the fertilization subsystem is connected to the amino acid fertilizer production plant or storage tank.
  • Amino acid fertilizers are widely used in the scraps of livestock and poultry slaughter plants (discarded meat, skin, hair, hoof horns, blood, etc.), scraps of tannery, human hair residue, oil-processed cakes, and seafood processing Waste liquid from the monosodium glutamate factory, waste liquid from the starch factory, etc., can be effectively used as resources to produce a variety of amino acids containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, which are directly applied to the planting through the penetration structure Unit soil and plant roots can enhance plant metabolism and resistance to stress, improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve water retention, fertility and air permeability, and play multiple roles in soil conservation and improvement.
  • the fertilization subsystem is also connected to a microbial fertilizer production plant or storage tank, such as rhizobia fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, phosphobacteria fertilizer, etc., directly applied to the roots of plants through an infiltration structure to remove nitrogen in the air and soil
  • a microbial fertilizer production plant or storage tank such as rhizobia fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, phosphobacteria fertilizer, etc.
  • the inert phosphorus and inert potassium are transformed into nutrients that plants can absorb, promote and regulate plant growth, and help reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, thereby achieving environmental friendliness.
  • the irrigation subsystem can be connected to the urban water supply system, the rural water network and the reservoir.
  • the irrigation subsystem can collect wastewater generated from production and life in the city, such as air conditioning condensate and domestic wastewater. After filtering and cleaning, Can be converted into irrigation water.
  • the irrigation subsystem can provide water to the planting unit through the permeable structure, and can also drain the accumulated water or saline solution of the planting unit.
  • the irrigation subsystem is composed of water sources, pumping stations (including metering pumps), water quality monitors, water quantity measuring instruments, gates, valves, canals, and pipeline networks laid in urban and rural areas.
  • the irrigation subsystem is connected with traditional water conservancy projects, as well as with the water inlet (corresponding to sewage) and water outlet (corresponding to recycled water) of the sewage treatment plant.
  • a certain plant in the purification unit 60 implements unique water quality and water quantity irrigation.
  • the irrigation subsystem can provide water to the planting unit through the permeable structure, and can also drain the accumulated water or saline solution of the planting unit.
  • the intelligent plant protection and maintenance system provided by the embodiments of the application, because the disinfection subsystem, the fertilization subsystem, and the irrigation subsystem are connected to the infiltration structure, such disinfection
  • the subsystem, the fertilization subsystem, and the irrigation subsystem can simultaneously supply at least one of the roof greening unit 10, the green belt unit 20, the farmland improvement unit 30, the greenhouse improvement unit 40, the beach improvement unit 50, and the artificial purification unit 60.
  • Disinfectants high-temperature water vapor, fertilizer nutrients and water sources, and then realize the disinfection and sterilization of urban green soil, farmland green soil, coastal beaches, artificial purified soil, prevention of diseases and insect pests, fertilization, irrigation water and drainage, and ensure the soil and plant roots Breathe.
  • disinfection subsystem, fertilization subsystem and irrigation subsystem the maintenance of urban green space, the maintenance of farmland green space, coastal beaches and artificial purification projects are linked, and the scientific utilization of the harmlessness, resource utilization and reduction of waste is realized.
  • the intelligent plant protection and maintenance system also has an intelligent control unit.
  • the intelligent control unit is installed on the planting unit and interacts with the temperature sensor, humidity sensor and detecting soil fertilizer installed on the planting unit.
  • the sensor, the sensor that detects the light, the video monitor are connected, and data can be exchanged with each other.
  • the intelligent control unit is connected to the cloud computing center through satellite communication, network communication, and 5G communication, and performs data transmission.
  • the cloud computing center can perform functions such as collection, classification, storage, calculation, deduction, and display of various data, build a large database, accept the regulation of the think tank team, and provide intelligent support for the think tank team.
  • the intelligent chip controls the concentration, volume and release time of the disinfectant released by the disinfection subsystem, thereby ensuring the disinfection and sterilization effect; the disinfection subsystem can also recover the disinfectant remaining in the soil to recycle the disinfectant, and also Reduce air pollution. It can effectively reduce the amount of pesticides and herbicides, which is beneficial to environmental protection.
  • the intelligent chip can control the type of fertilization (such as the selection of gaseous fertilizer, liquid fertilizer or chemical fertilizer, etc.), fertilization cycle, fertilization concentration and fertilization amount of the fertilization subsystem.
  • the intelligent chip can also control the water supply of the irrigation subsystem.
  • the planting units are equipped with air and soil temperature detectors, air and soil humidity detectors, soil composition detectors, soil pH detectors, light detectors, air composition detectors, air flow direction and velocity detectors , Monitoring plant growth and pests and diseases video instrument and other sensors.
  • These sensors are connected with the intelligent control unit, and the detection data and monitoring conditions are transmitted to the intelligent control unit in time.
  • the soil component detector can detect the types and contents of nutrients in the soil to provide basic data for soil testing and formula fertilization technology; it can also measure the types and contents of heavy metal ions in the soil, providing basic data for crop health and safety, and soil improvement .
  • the intelligent control unit can be connected with large-scale computer equipment, transmit data to the large-scale computer for calculation and storage, and perform big data analysis, and at the same time can provide the data analysis results to the think tank team.
  • the intelligent control unit also includes a video monitor, humidity sensor, temperature sensor, fertilizer composition sensor, water level sensor, and light sensor for setting up the green space outside.
  • the humidity sensor and temperature sensor are both embedded in the mixed layer 101 for use.
  • the fertilizer composition sensor can be used to monitor the composition and concentration of the fertilizer in the mixed layer 101, and feed the data back to the intelligent control unit.
  • the water level sensor will monitor the water level change.
  • drainage can be performed to prevent plants from being flooded.
  • the discharged water can be stored with water of the same water quality for recycling.
  • the intelligent plant protection and maintenance system also includes an aerial echelon composed of several drones to fertilize the foliage of crops and urban green plants, spray pesticides, and put plant protection organisms (such as beneficial insects).
  • Each UAV can be controlled by a predetermined program issued by a smart chip, and can fertilize, apply pesticides, and release beneficial insects in a single or group manner.
  • the irrigation subsystem irrigates the green roof, while the humidity sensor, temperature sensor, and water level sensor can monitor the temperature and humidity of the soil, and the fertilizer composition sensor can monitor the nutrients in the mixed layer 101.
  • the composition and content can then be adjusted by the think tank team to achieve co-application of water and fertilizer.
  • the intelligent control unit drives the irrigation subsystem to irrigate the roof green space according to the final data feedback result.
  • the video monitor can realize video surveillance on the green field. At the same time, because different plants have great differences in water requirements, even the same type of plant has different water requirements due to varieties, and the same plant has different water requirements at different growth periods. At the same time, rainfall, air flow speed, temperature, humidity and light intensity are all important factors affecting plant growth.
  • think tank teams metaleorological experts, hydrological experts, environmental experts, soil experts, agricultural engineering experts, information and Communication engineering experts, agricultural technicians, and plant protection experts
  • conduct comprehensive analysis on the information collected by the video monitors and various sensors formulate optimization plans, and timely provide green plants with irrigation, fertilization, high and low temperature protection, and pest control, etc.
  • Plants realize scientific irrigation.
  • the irrigation subsystem can preferentially use fully fermented sewage and waste water for irrigation, thereby realizing co-application of water and fertilizer.
  • the permeable structure includes the first porous pipe 11 and is sequentially tiled on the roof green space
  • the first rock layer 12, the first gravel layer 13 and the first sand layer 14, the first porous pipe 11 is continuously and circuitously laid on the bottom of the container 111 and is buried in the first rock layer 12.
  • the inlet end of the porous pipe 11 is connected with the disinfection subsystem, the irrigation subsystem and the fertilization subsystem (not shown).
  • the other end of the first porous pipe 11 is blocked, so that the roof greening unit 10 can exist independently; or it can be connected to the inlet of the next first porous pipe 11 to form two or more roof greening units 10 in series. .
  • This not only allows water, gas and fertilizer liquid to enter and exit the first porous pipe 11, but also effectively prevents the fine soil particles in the roof greening unit 10 from entering the inside and outside of the first porous pipe 11, effectively ensuring the first porous pipe 11 Unblocked.
  • the first porous tube 11 may be made of a material with a long life such as plastic, rubber, cement, ceramic or corrosion-resistant metal, and the side wall has many holes or grooves.
  • the first rock layer 12 is one or more of larger particles, zeolites, ceramsites, coal ash balls, or slag balls. For example, those with a particle diameter of 30 mm to 40 mm have fewer gaps and larger gaps.
  • the first gravel 13 is one or more of smaller particle size stones, zeolite, ceramsite, coal ash ball or slag ball, such as 15mm ⁇ 25mm, the number of gaps formed by it is large and the gap is Smaller;
  • the first sand layer 14 is one or more of smaller particle size sand, zeolite, ceramsite, coal ash ball or slag ball, such as the particle size of 5mm ⁇ 12mm, the number of gaps formed is even greater More and the gap should be smaller.
  • the first stone layer 12, the first gravel layer 13 and the first sand layer 14 together form gaps with different gap characteristics, which can evenly apply water, gas, and fertilizer to the soil of the roof greening unit 10, while preventing The fine soil particles penetrate into the first porous tube 11.
  • the first rock layer 12, the first gravel layer 13, the first sand grain layer 14 and the first porous pipe 11 together form a permeable structure with a longer service life, which is defined as the first permeable structure of the present invention.
  • the first stone layer 12, the first gravel layer 13, and the first sand layer 14 may preferably be discarded stones, discarded zeolite, discarded sand, ceramsite, coal ash ball or slag ball.
  • the porous pipe 11 can be made of waste plastic, rubber, slag, metal and other materials in priority. Therefore, the first permeable structure is preferably constructed by using waste to realize resource recycling.
  • the roof greening unit 10 includes a roof greening container 111.
  • a porous partition 15 is installed at the bottom of the roof greening container 111.
  • the porous partition 15 and the bottom of the roof greening container 111 form a cavity 16, and the cavity 16 It can hold water, gas and fertilizer.
  • the porous partition 15 and the cavity 16 constitute the second permeable structure of this embodiment, which can infiltrate water, gas, and fertilizer into the upper soil of the roof greening unit 10, and can also remove the water, gas, and fertilizer in the upper soil of the roof greening unit 10. Gas and fertilizer penetrate into the cavity 16.
  • the green roof container 111 and the porous partition 15 are preferably made of one or more of discarded slag, discarded sand, discarded fibers, discarded tiles, etc., to implement resource recycling.
  • a pipe is installed at the bottom of the roof greening container 111 or the lower end of the side wall. One end of the pipe is connected to the cavity 16, and the other end is connected with three controllable valves through a four-way joint. The three controllable valves are respectively connected to the end of the disinfection subsystem
  • the pipe, the end pipe of the irrigation subsystem, and the end pipe of the fertilization subsystem (here collectively referred to as the first connecting pipe) are connected.
  • the porous separator 15 may be pre-laid with the first sandstone layer 14.
  • a layer of waste organic matter 17, a layer of sludge 18, and a layer of soil 19 can be laid on the first gravel layer 14.
  • Organic waste 17 can be adapted to local conditions.
  • the sludge 18 is the sediment produced in the sewage treatment process, or pond mud; the soil 19 is the planting soil obtained nearby.
  • the waste organic matter 17, the sludge 18 and the soil 19 alternately form the mixed layer 101 several times. The more the number of alternations, the better the homogenization of the mixed layer 101, which is more conducive to soil improvement and waste resource utilization effects, and promotes environmental protection and environmental beautification.
  • the think tank team made comprehensive considerations based on the characteristics and ingredients of waste organic matter 17, sludge 18 and soil 19, especially the content of heavy metals and toxic organic matter in the three, combined with plant characteristics, so that the three Reasonable proportioning provides abundant nutrients for plants, and guarantees the sanitation and safety of subsequent use of growing plants.
  • waste organic matter 17 and sludge 18 are effectively utilized as resources to achieve multiple benefits.
  • each plant of the roof greening unit 10 can observe each plant of the roof greening unit 10, fertilize the leaves, put plant protection organisms or spray insecticides or Fungicide, effective fertilization and control of plant diseases and insect pests.
  • the disinfection subsystem is connected with the disinfectant production plant and the storage tank.
  • the disinfection subsystem is activated, the disinfectant penetrates into the mixed layer 101 through the penetration structure at the bottom of the roof greening unit 10, and controls the concentration and dosage of the disinfectant, and collects and transmits the above-mentioned concentration and dosage data to the cloud computing center.
  • the mixed layer 101 in the roof greening container 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is disinfected and sterilized to kill harmful substances such as viruses, eggs, bacteria, weed seeds, etc. therein.
  • the seeds here refer to grains, fruits, tubers, ratoons, vines, seedlings, branches, leaves, etc. that can grow and develop into plants.
  • a film 102 is covered on the top layer of soil 19.
  • the film 102 can effectively prevent the dispersion of disinfectant and enhance the disinfection and sterilization effects.
  • the disinfection subsystem can intelligently control the concentration, quality, and disinfection time of the disinfectant passing into the roof greening unit 10 to ensure that the disinfectant is not lost to the air as much as possible, and at the same time, it can ensure that waste organic matter 17, sludge 18 and soil 19 are killed Viruses, worm eggs, bacteria, weed seeds and other harmful substances.
  • Killing viruses, eggs, bacteria, etc. is conducive to the safety and sanitation of the mixed layer 101 and reduces pests and diseases invading plants, which will reduce the use of pesticides during plant growth and reduce the pollution of pesticides to the environment; killing weed seeds can Eliminate the growth of weeds, thereby reducing the use of herbicides due to overgrown weeds during plant growth; this is not only beneficial to high-yield, high-quality, safe and hygienic plants, but also conducive to environmental protection.
  • the disinfection subsystem can start the recovery mode to suck the disinfectant in the roof greening unit 10 into the disinfectant storage tank through the permeable structure for recycling, so as to minimize direct discharge to the atmosphere, thereby reducing environmental load.
  • the disinfection subsystem can also be coupled with a high-temperature steam generator.
  • the high-temperature steam generator can utilize the discharged waste heat as a resource to prepare high-temperature steam, while reducing energy consumption, which is further conducive to environmental protection.
  • the high-temperature water vapor penetrates into the mixed layer 101 through the permeable structure at the bottom of the roof greening unit 10, so that the temperature rises to about 80°C and keeps it for 30-60 minutes to kill the harmful viruses, insect eggs, weed seeds and bacteria in it. Things.
  • the seeds here refer to the grains, fruits, tubers, perennial roots, vines, seedlings, branches, leaves, etc. that can grow and develop into plants. All the seeds mentioned below have the same meaning as the seeds they belong to. Repeat.
  • Killing weed seeds can eliminate the growth of weeds, thereby reducing the use of herbicides due to overgrown weeds during plant growth, thereby reducing the environmental pollution of herbicides; killing viruses, eggs, bacteria, etc., is beneficial to the soil Hygiene and reduce pests and diseases invading plants, which will also reduce the amount of pesticides used during plant growth, thereby reducing the environmental pollution of pesticides. This is not only conducive to high yield, high quality, safety and sanitation of plants, but also environmental protection.
  • the disinfection subsystem is also connected with the soil conditioner production plant or storage tank.
  • Soil conditioners are also called soil structure conditioners, or soil conditioners for short, such as humic acids and polyacrylic acids.
  • the soil conditioner is submerged into the mixed layer 101 through the permeable structure of the roof greening unit 10, which can adjust the pH value of the mixed layer 101, the number and types of soil microorganisms, promote the activity of various enzymes in the soil, and improve soil water, fertilizer, The air and heat conditions promote the healthy growth of plants, thereby reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers, improving the quality, yield and safety of plants, and the dual benefits of environmental protection.
  • the roof greening unit 10 is equipped with a temperature sensor for detecting the surrounding air and soil, a humidity sensor for detecting the surrounding air and soil, a sensor for detecting the composition and content of soil fertilizer, a sensor for detecting the pH value of the soil, and a sensor for detecting light.
  • the intelligent unit is connected to the cloud computer center through satellite communication, network communication and 5G communication, and performs data transmission and control Disinfection subsystem, fertilization subsystem, and irrigation subsystem.
  • the fertilization subsystem is connected to urban and rural septic tanks, biogas tanks 44, sewage tanks and sewage pipe networks through a closed pipe network.
  • Septic tanks, biogas tanks, and sewage tanks can collect perishable organic waste, such as human feces and urine, livestock and poultry feces, slaughterhouse waste, scraps from food processing, food waste, etc. one or more , And carry out anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue.
  • the biogas can further separate the mixed gas of methane and carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and malodorous gas.
  • the mixed gas of methane and carbon monoxide can be used as clean energy; carbon dioxide gas and malodorous gas can be used as gaseous fertilizers, which are collected separately, compressed into storage tanks, or transported through a closed pipe network.
  • the biogas slurry can be efficiently and safely transported through a closed pipe network, passing through the permeable structure at the bottom of the roof greening unit 10, and the fertilization subsystem infiltrates the biogas slurry into the mixed layer 101 of the roof greening unit 10. Because the biogas slurry contains a variety of microorganisms, the organic matter in the mixed layer 101 can be converted into high-quality organic fertilizer, and the mixed layer 101 can be improved into high-quality soil, achieving dual soil fertilization and dual soil improvement.
  • the biogas slurry contains a variety of water-soluble nutrients, which is a quick-acting and high-quality fertilizer.
  • rich elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur, which are large in plant growth, it also contains trace amounts of calcium, iron, copper, and zinc.
  • Elements and biologically active substances that regulate the growth of animals and plants and kill certain diseases and insect pests such as amino acids, auxins, gibberellins, cellulose acid, monosaccharides, humic acids, and certain antibiotics. They have an important regulatory effect on the growth and development of crops and participate in the entire process of crops from seed germination, plant growth, flowering to fruiting.
  • gibberellin can stimulate early germination of seeds and rapid growth of crop stems and leaves; auxin can promote seed germination and increase germination rate, which can effectively prevent fruit trees from falling flowers and fruit, and increase fruit setting; monosaccharides can improve the drought resistance of crops; Free amino acids can protect crops from freezing damage at low temperatures; certain vitamins can enhance the disease resistance of crops.
  • the fertilization subsystem infiltrates and injects the biogas slurry into the roof greening unit 10, it can make full use of the residual heat of the soil immediately after the high temperature steam disinfection, so as to accelerate and deepen the decomposition and metabolism of some organic matter in the mixed layer 101 under higher temperature conditions.
  • Organic fertilizer that can be absorbed by plants.
  • the roof greening unit 10 can be infiltrated and injected with biogas slurry and high-temperature steam at the same time, and the temperature in the roof greening unit 10 can be easily adjusted by adjusting the input temperature and amount of high-temperature steam; or the biogas slurry can be infiltrated and injected into the roof greening unit 10 at the same time.
  • the biological agent With this biological agent, it further accelerates and deepens the conversion of organic components in the mixed layer 101 into organic fertilizer that can be absorbed by plants. At the same time, this organic fertilizer can reduce the harm of heavy metals contained in the mixed layer 101 to planting plants, that is, further
  • the deeply improved mixed layer 101 is a high-quality soil, which is easy to realize the safety and reliability of the heavy metal content of the plants in the hands.
  • the think tank team can control the concentration, input amount and ratio of the biogas slurry and the biological agent based on their own experience and research data, and can easily implement application practices for different types of waste and obtain more realistic practices. Data, to test the think tank team based on their own experience and research data, and to further improve the data and plan for transforming the mixed layer 101 into high-quality soil, so as to optimize the use of waste resources.
  • the disinfection subsystem is activated to infiltrate and inject biological agents that degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin into the roof greening unit 10 to promote the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and pectin into organic fertilizer.
  • the cloud computer performs processing such as storage and calculation. Based on the knowledge system and scientific research of the experts, the think tank team has accumulated various plant protection and conservation data, formulated various plans, and initially constructed the model. In the cloud computer, the plant protection and The maintenance control program controls the disinfection subsystem, irrigation subsystem, and fertilization subsystem.
  • the intelligent team controls the cloud computer for big data analysis, induction, etc., formulates scientific plans, and uses intelligent facilities to provide plant protection and maintenance such as irrigation, fertilization, high temperature protection, low temperature protection, and pest control for plants planted in the roof greening unit 10 in a timely manner .
  • the irrigation subsystem is activated, and water is infiltrated into the mixed layer 101 of the roof greening unit 10 through the permeable structure of the roof greening unit 10, sowing seeds or transplanting seedlings, and irrigating
  • the amount of water should soak all the mixed layer 101 to make the surface soil moist and ensure the seedling emergence rate or the survival rate of planted seedlings. After the emergence of the seedlings or after the planted seedlings survive, the plants will gradually grow. Reduce the amount of water in a single irrigation and increase the frequency of irrigation to reduce the moisture content of the top soil while the lower soil is moist.
  • the think tank team uses intelligent facilities to implement dynamic irrigation experiment data for each roof greening unit 10 , To verify the irrigation data of the think tank team based on their own experience and previous experiments, and to further upgrade the irrigation data. With so many cycles, scientific irrigation data and plans can be realized.
  • the data detected by the humidity sensor is transmitted to the cloud computer.
  • the cloud computer sends out instructions after data storage, calculation, and analysis to start the irrigation subsystem as a submersible drainage method.
  • the water in the roof greening unit 10 is extracted and stored in a pool of the same water quality for recycling.
  • the system can fully utilize sewage to irrigate the green roof unit 10 as a resource.
  • Sewage refers to the general term for water discharged in production and life. According to the source, it can be divided into domestic sewage, industrial waste water and initial precipitation. These sewage contains a variety of organic components, which can be converted into organic fertilizers that can be absorbed and utilized by plants through anaerobic biochemical treatment, which can effectively reduce sewage discharge and save the use of various fertilizers applied to the roof greening unit 10. And save high-quality irrigation water.
  • the upper soil and film 21 can effectively seal various volatile substances produced by sewage, which can not only fully utilize the sewage, but also reduce the emission of volatiles generated during the anaerobic biochemical treatment of sewage, reaching a higher level of waste resources.
  • Chemical utilization is the type of waste used in construction. The resource utilization of sewage also reduces the consumption of high-quality water.
  • the plants in the roof greening unit 10 continuously absorb fertilizers from the soil, and the sensors of fertilizer composition and content transmit the detected data to the cloud computer in real time, and various required nutrients will be applied to the plants in time.
  • the fertilization subsystem is connected to various fertilizer production plants or storage tanks or pipelines.
  • the fertilizer is an organic fertilizer; or, the fertilizer is a chemical fertilizer; or, the fertilizer is a biological fertilizer; or, the fertilizer is a gaseous fertilizer.
  • the fertilization subsystem is connected to the ammonia production plant or storage tank or pipeline (here, the storage tank or pipeline refers to the storage tank or pipeline for storing ammonia), and through the permeable structure to the lower soil of the roof greening unit 10 and Inject appropriate ammonia gas (a type of gaseous fertilizer) into plant roots.
  • ammonia gas a type of gaseous fertilizer
  • the combined action of the underlying soil, water, voids, microorganisms, and plant roots can maintain, adsorb, dissolve, and nitrify ammonia in the underlying soil.
  • Medium for plants to gradually absorb.
  • the upper soil and the mulch 21 can seal the ammonia gas, prevent the ammonia gas from dissipating into the air, and finally being gradually absorbed by plants.
  • ammonia can also be used as an efficient fertilizer.
  • the fertilization subsystem is connected with odorous gas pipelines or storage tanks produced by various garbage, sewage treatment, biogas projects, etc.
  • This type of malodorous gas contains mixed gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, amines, mercaptans, sulfides, etc.
  • the existing treatment methods are difficult, costly, and cause secondary pollution.
  • the present invention specifically proposes to use this type of malodorous gas as a resource, and inject the type of malodorous gas into the middle and lower layers of the roof greening unit 10 and between plant roots through a permeable structure, in the soil, water, voids, plant roots, Under the comprehensive action of enzymes, microorganisms, etc., the odorous gas can be retained, adsorbed, dissolved, degraded and digested, and finally converted into nutrients required by plants and used by plants; the upper soil and mulch 21 can seal the Class malodorous gas, prevent such malodorous gas from escaping into the air, and realize multiple environmental protection.
  • the concentration and amount of this type of gas can be diluted by adding air appropriately, or the disinfection subsystem can be used to increase the fungus that degrades and digests this type of malodorous gas in the middle and lower soils, such as sulfur phagocytic bacteria, phosphorus phagocytic bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria. Further promote the efficient conversion of such malodorous gases into nutrients absorbed by plants.
  • think tank team used the intelligent facility practice process to accumulate data, summarized and summarized the functional relationship between the growth cycle of various plants and the utilization of various malodorous gases, established a comprehensive plan for the utilization of various malodorous gases, and deepened the use of malodorous gas resources. To promote the sustainable development of civilization. Furthermore, think tank teams can use intelligent facilities to conduct extended research and experiments to expand the conversion of other types of gas fertilizers into nutrients absorbed by plants and make innovative contributions.
  • the fertilization subsystem is connected with the amino acid fertilizer production plant or storage tank (here, the storage tank refers to the storage tank for storing amino acid fertilizer).
  • Amino acid fertilizers are widely used in the scraps of livestock and poultry slaughter plants (waste meat, skin, hair, hoof, blood, etc.), scraps of tannery, human hair residue, oil-processed cakes, and seafood Processed leftovers, waste liquid of MSG factory, waste liquid of starch factory, etc., can be effectively used as resources to produce a variety of amino acids containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, which can be directly penetrated through the infiltration structure Injecting into the roof greening unit 10 soil and between plant roots can enhance plant metabolism and stress resistance, improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve water retention, fertility and air permeability, and play multiple roles in soil conservation and improvement.
  • the fertilization subsystem is also connected to the microbial fertilizer production plant or storage tank (here, the storage tank refers to the storage tank for storing microbial fertilizer), such as rhizobia fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, phosphate bacteria fertilizer, etc., through the latent structure of penetration Infiltrate into the roots of plants to convert nitrogen in the air, inert phosphorus and inert potassium in the soil into nutrients that plants can absorb, promote and regulate plant growth, help reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and achieve environmental friendliness.
  • microbial fertilizer such as rhizobia fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria fertilizer, phosphate bacteria fertilizer, etc.
  • the fertilization subsystem is also connected to the production plants or storage tanks of mono-element nutrient fertilizers, such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, etc., which can be used as a think tank team to achieve targeted fertilization of planting units and adjust soil fertility Balanced supplementary choices, truly a planting mode that combines land use and cultivation, and balances input and output.
  • mono-element nutrient fertilizers such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, etc.
  • the types and quantities of fertilizer required by different plants are very different; even the same type of plants, the types and quantities of fertilizer required by species are also different; the types and quantities of fertilizer required by the same plant at different growth periods are also different. the same.
  • the think tank team uses intelligent facilities to implement dynamic fertilization experiment data for each roof greening unit 10 .
  • the role is more in-depth and refined to the big data of the types and ratios of various elements in the fertilizer. With so many cycles, scientific fertilization data and plans can be realized. Breaking through the extensive nature of traditional agriculture, enabling digital agriculture.
  • the temperature is high, the sun is strong, and the roof is exposed to the sun.
  • the air temperature of the roof greening unit 10 and its surrounding air temperature rises rapidly, which may exceed the temperature tolerance of the plants, causing the plants to stop growing, further burning the plants and even causing the plants. death.
  • the system activates the anti-high temperature plant protection mode, and inputs a large amount of low-temperature air or even air-conditioning into the soil of the roof greening unit 10 and between the plant roots, so that the plant roots, soil and surrounding air (including The above-ground parts of plants) cool down, and increase the moisture in the soil appropriately, promote plant transpiration, take away the heat from the plant body and the air around the plant, and ensure that the plant grows rapidly under the optimal growth temperature.
  • the disinfection subsystem is connected to pipelines or storage tanks that provide pesticides, biological enzymes, antibacterial agents, insecticides, etc., and the disinfection subsystem infiltrates pesticides and biological enzymes into the middle and lower layers of the roof greening unit 10 through the permeable structure.
  • Antibacterial agents and insecticides are equal to the roots of plants, which stimulate plant vitality, increase plant resistance to insects and viruses, and increase roof greening and beautify the environment.
  • the combined action of the irrigation subsystem and the fertilization subsystem can share water and fertilizer on the green roof unit 10; the combined action of the irrigation subsystem and the disinfection subsystem can implement water and medicine, water and biological enzymes, and water on the green roof unit 10. Co-apply with antibacterial agents, water and insecticides.
  • the three subsystems work together to achieve more scientific and innovative plant protection and maintenance for the roof greening unit 10.
  • the irrigation subsystem and the disinfection subsystem work together to regularly mix fluid with high-pressure pulsed clean water and air to remove the retentate in the permeable structure, and maintain and maintain the permeable structure.
  • the water, air, and fertilizer are smooth and longer. Use cycle.
  • the irrigation subsystem is connected with urban water supply and drainage systems, rural water networks and reservoirs.
  • the irrigation subsystem is used to collect wastewater and sewage generated from production and life and convert it into irrigation water. It can also use natural water resources and sewage , Rainwater and reclaimed water.
  • the present invention specifically proposes that after planting a certain plant and harvesting, plow the soil of the roof greening unit 10, and use disinfection and sterilization (using disinfectant as described above, or using high-temperature steam for disinfection), and pass the biogas slurry or soil at the same time Conditioners, or biological agents, etc.
  • the farming civilization that has broken through thousands of years has summarized the rotation system and interplanting system technology to realize the planting mode of continuous cultivation and continuous cultivation of the same plants , And achieve high quality and high yield (because the planting conditions and climatic factors of the same planting unit are most similar, it is logically deduced: plant roots, stumps, stumps, septage leaves, toxic substances secreted by plant roots and infection during plant growth The virus and bacteria are transformed into organic fertilizer, and it is easier to get high quality and high yield by planting similar plants).
  • the roof greening unit 10 includes a dry farming type roof greening unit, an artificial wetland type roof greening unit, an artificial floating bed type roof greening unit and an artificial sunken bed type roof greening unit, a dry farming type roof greening unit, an artificial wetland type roof greening unit Units, artificial floating bed type roof greening units and artificial sunken bed type roof greening units are connected in series, parallel or cross-connected to realize the cyclic purification of sewage discharged from buildings; dry-farming roof greening units, artificial wetland roof greening units, artificial Both the floating bed type roof greening unit and the artificial sunken bed type roof greening unit are connected to the biogas project (the biogas project can be a biogas generating facility in the external environment) to realize the utilization of the waste organic matter generated in the building through the biogas project, and Make the building achieve zero discharge of sewage and waste organic matter.
  • the biogas project can be a biogas generating facility in the external environment
  • the planting unit when the planting unit includes a green belt unit 20, the green belt unit 20 further includes a second rock layer 22, a second gravel layer 23, and a second sand layer. 24.
  • the permeable structure also includes a second porous pipe 21 used to be buried under the green belt. The output ends of the disinfection subsystem, the fertilization subsystem and the irrigation subsystem are all connected to the second porous pipe 21, and the second stone block The layer 22, the second gravel layer 23, and the second sand grain layer 24 are sequentially arranged around the outer periphery of the second porous tube 21 from the inside to the outside.
  • the permeable structure consists of the second porous pipe 21, the second rock layer 22, and the second gravel layer 23,
  • the second gravel layer 24 is formed together, which not only allows water, gas and fertilizer liquid to enter and exit the second porous pipe 21, but also effectively prevents the fine soil particles of the green belt unit 20 from entering the porous pipe 21, effectively ensuring the porous pipe 21 Unblocked.
  • the perforated pipe is laid continuously and circuitously under the green belt unit, such as 50cm ⁇ 120cm, and its inlet end is connected with the disinfection subsystem, irrigation subsystem and fertilization subsystem (not shown).
  • the other end of the second porous tube 21 is blocked to become an independent planting unit, or connected with the next second porous tube 21 to form two or more green belt units 20 in series planting units.
  • the second stone layer 22 is one or more of larger-diameter stones, zeolites, ceramsites, coal ash balls, slag balls, etc., for example, those with a particle diameter of 30 mm to 40 mm have a small number of gaps and large gaps.
  • the second gravel 23 is one or more of smaller particle size stones, zeolite, ceramsite, coal ash ball, slag ball, etc., such as 15mm ⁇ 25mm in size, the number of gaps formed by it is large and the gap is Smaller;
  • the second sand grain layer 24 is one or more of smaller sandstone, zeolite, ceramsite, coal ash ball, slag ball, etc., such as the diameter of 5mm-12mm, the gap formed The number is larger and the gap is smaller.
  • the second stone layer 22, the second gravel layer 23, and the second gravel layer 24 surround the second porous pipe 21 and are laid from the inside to the outside to form gaps with different gap characteristics, which can remove water, gas and fertilizer.
  • the liquid is applied to the soil of the green belt unit 20 in a balanced manner, and at the same time, it can prevent the fine soil particles from penetrating into the porous pipe 21, thereby forming a third permeable structure with a longer service life.
  • the second stone layer 22, the second gravel layer 23, and the second sand layer 24 can preferably be discarded stones, discarded zeolite, discarded sand, ceramsite, coal ash ball or slag ball. Or a variety of structures, because ceramsite, coal ash ball or slag ball are the product of waste resource utilization; the porous pipe 21 can be made of waste plastic, rubber, slag, metal and other materials in priority. Therefore, the third infiltration structure preferably uses waste to construct resources and implement resource recycling.
  • the permeable structure of the green belt unit 20 is covered with an impervious layer 58.
  • the impervious layer 58 can effectively prevent the upper layer of water, gas, fertilizer, etc. from infiltrating into the ground, preventing the lower soil and groundwater from being polluted, and at the same time increasing the penetration of the greening
  • the water, gas, fertilizer liquid and other substances in the soil of the belt unit 20 are fully utilized to obtain dual environmental protection effects.
  • a sidewalk 28, a bicycle lane 25, and a motor vehicle lane 27 may be paved above the ground surface of the green belt unit 20, wherein the bicycle lane 25 and the motor vehicle lane 27 are separated by a shoulder 26.
  • Organic waste 17 can be adapted to local conditions, and can be one or more of fallen leaves, trimmed branches and leaves, broken flowers and fallen leaves from gardens and yards, or kitchen waste, or discarded food, fruits and vegetables from trade and vegetable markets, or biogas residue.
  • the sludge 18 is the sediment produced in the sewage treatment process, or pond mud; the soil 19 is the planting soil obtained nearby. In this way, waste organic matter 17 and sludge 18 are recycled and combined with soil 19 to implement soil improvement.
  • the think tank team based on the characteristics of waste organic matter 17, sludge 18, soil 19, sewage and landfill leachate, and the composition and content of various substances, especially heavy metals and toxic organics in the five.
  • the composition and content of super-purification plants such as canna, reed, calamus, etc., are comprehensively considered to plant a large number of super-purification plants on the green belt unit 20, which can increase the waste organic matter 17, and the sludge 18 in the mixed layer
  • the proportion of 101 in the landfill will increase the amount of leachate in the landfill and comprehensively harmless treatment. In this way, it can be highlighted that the green belt unit 20 consumes environmentally damaging waste and greens and beautifies the environment.
  • the green belt unit 20 includes a dry farming green belt unit, an artificial wetland green belt unit, an artificial floating bed green belt unit, and an artificial sunken bed green belt unit, a dry farming green belt unit, and an artificial wetland green belt unit.
  • Units, artificial floating bed type green belt units and artificial sunken bed type green belt units are connected in series, parallel or cross-connected to realize the cyclic purification of sewage discharged in urban and rural areas; dry-farming roof greening units, artificial wetland roof greening units, artificial floating beds
  • the roof greening unit and the artificial sunken-bed roof greening unit are both connected with the roof greening unit and the biogas project to realize the utilization of waste organic matter generated in urban and rural areas through the biogas project, and achieve zero discharge of sewage and waste organic matter in urban and rural areas.
  • the green belt unit 20 is filled with different amounts of mixed layer 101, and poured into the fermented sewage discharged from the building to form four types of dry farming, artificial wetland, artificial floating bed and artificial sunken bed. ⁇ greenbelt unit 20.
  • Plant dryland plants such as amaranth, pumpkin, etc.
  • plant wetland plants such as reeds, calamus, cattail, lythrum, yellow iris, water onion, canna, etc.
  • water floating Plants such as water lily, water lily, calla lilies, water celery, ryegrass, water hyacinth, etc.
  • sinking plants such as hornwort, myriophyllum, chara, etc.
  • the belt units 20 are arranged in series or in parallel or crossed, and can be used to circulate and deeply purify the sewage discharged from urban and rural areas into high-quality water; the biogas project
  • the roof greening unit and the green belt unit are combined with the biogas project to realize the recycling of waste and realize the technical solution of zero-emission waste and environmentally friendly buildings.
  • the functions and operations of the disinfection subsystem, the fertilization subsystem, the irrigation subsystem, and the intelligent control unit in the green belt unit 20 are similar to the above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the planting unit when the planting unit includes a greenhouse improvement unit 40, the greenhouse improvement unit 40 includes a planting greenhouse 41, and the permeable structure includes a porous rib 42 that is buried in the planting Under the big shed, under the perforated ribs 42, there are fertilizer storage tanks 43, biogas tanks 44 and water storage tanks 45.
  • the fertilizer tanks 43, biogas tanks 44 and water storage tanks 45 are arranged at intervals, and the fertilizer tanks 43 and the water storage tanks 45 are respectively connected to the fertilization subsystem and the irrigation subsystem.
  • the biogas digester 44 can ferment organic wastes, such as yellow leaves, fallen branches, straws, nut shells, human excrement and livestock manure, etc., including the waste organic matter produced by the greenhouse improvement unit to produce biogas, liquid and biogas. Scum.
  • the biogas digester 44 collects waste gas organic matter and sewage, and uses waste heat to heat it to produce biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue, and the biogas is separated to form a mixture of methane gas and carbon monoxide gas, malodorous gas, and a plant for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of plants. Carbon dioxide gas.
  • the fertilization subsystem is connected to the malodorous gas pipeline or storage tank.
  • the malodorous gas penetrates into the middle and lower soil and plant roots of the planting unit through the permeable structure to transform under the combined action of soil, water, voids, plant roots, enzymes and microorganisms. It is the nutrients needed by plants and allows plants to absorb and utilize them; the biogas slurry and biogas residues enter the fertilizer storage tank as fertilizer reserves to realize the comprehensive utilization of waste, waste heat and sewage.
  • biogas can separate methane and carbon monoxide mixed gas, carbon dioxide gas and malodorous gas; methane and carbon monoxide mixed gas are clean energy; carbon dioxide gas can be used as gaseous fertilizer resources, see below for details; malodorous gas can also be used as The resource utilization of gaseous fertilizers is as described above and will not be repeated here.
  • the biogas slurry and biogas residue can be used as fertilizer for planting in the greenhouse.
  • the fertilizer storage tank 43 can store the fertilizer for use when needed, realizing the three-dimensional utilization of land resources and the recycling of waste gas resources, achieving multiple environmental protection.
  • a bearing plate 46 may be laid under the perforated rib 42.
  • carbon dioxide gas can also be used as fertilizer to pass through the openings of the perforated ribs 42 into the planting greenhouse 41 in the form of percolation, thereby increasing the density of carbon dioxide in the planting greenhouse, which is beneficial for the foliage of plants to absorb more carbon dioxide.
  • air is introduced into the root system and soil of the plant to enhance the respiration and vitality of the root system and the soil (adding oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide), thereby accelerating the speed of plants absorbing carbon dioxide in the greenhouse air and promoting photosynthesis of plants
  • the efficiency of action, the consumption of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases thereby achieving the dual effect of reducing the greenhouse effect and increasing plant yields.
  • a carbon dioxide sensor can also be installed in the planting greenhouse, so that the carbon dioxide sensor can monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide in the planting greenhouse, and the intelligent control unit can control the carbon dioxide concentration in the planting greenhouse based on the data returned by the carbon dioxide sensor. Increase or decrease in concentration. Specifically, the release and suction of carbon dioxide can be achieved by the porous rib 42.
  • the greenhouse improvement unit 40 includes dry farming type greenhouse improvement unit, artificial wetland type greenhouse improvement unit, artificial floating bed type greenhouse improvement unit and artificial sunken bed type greenhouse improvement unit, dry farming type greenhouse improvement unit, artificial wetland type greenhouse improvement unit, Artificial floating bed type greenhouse improvement unit and artificial sunken bed type greenhouse improvement unit are connected in series, parallel or cross-connected to realize the recycling and purification of sewage discharged from rural and rural areas; dry farming type greenhouse improvement unit, artificial wetland type greenhouse improvement unit, artificial floating bed type Both the greenhouse improvement unit and the artificial sunken bed type greenhouse improvement unit are connected with the roof greening unit, the green belt unit and the biogas project to realize the utilization of waste organic matter generated in urban and rural areas through the biogas project, and make urban and rural sewage and waste organic matter zero emission.
  • the temperature in the biogas digester 44 is below 4 degrees during the spring planting in the second year. After the fermentation of biogas is almost stopped, biogas, liquid and residue cannot be produced. . At this time, the waste heat can be used to heat the biogas digester 44, or the biogas previously produced by the biogas digester 44 and the separated methane and carbon monoxide mixed gas can be burned to heat the biogas digester 44.
  • Heating to 10 degrees to 25 degrees is low-temperature fermentation, which can produce biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue; or heating to 25.1 degrees to 45 degrees for medium temperature fermentation, which can speed up the production of biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue; continue heating It is high temperature fermentation to 45.1 degrees to 72 degrees, which can quickly produce biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue.
  • Biogas fermentation can effectively kill viruses, eggs, weed seeds, bacteria and other harmful substances in biogas raw materials; and the higher the fermentation temperature, the better the effect of killing viruses, eggs, weed seeds, bacteria and other harmful substances.
  • Killing viruses, insect eggs, bacteria, etc. is conducive to soil sanitation and reducing pests and diseases invading plants, thereby reducing the use of herbicides in weeds during plant growth, thereby reducing the amount of pesticides used during plant growth, thereby reducing pesticides Pollution to the environment.
  • Killing weed seeds can eliminate the growth of weeds, thereby reducing the use of herbicides due to overgrown weeds during plant growth; killing viruses, eggs, bacteria, etc., is conducive to soil hygiene and reducing pests and diseases invading plants, thereby It will also reduce the amount of pesticides used in the process of plant growth to reduce the environmental pollution of pesticides, and comprehensively use waste and waste heat as resources; or use the mixed gas of methane and carbon monoxide to heat the biogas digester to speed up the biogas, liquid and biogas
  • the carbon dioxide produced by the combustion of the mixed gas of methane and carbon monoxide increases the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse improvement unit 40, which is a waste gas resource utilization measure, and carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, which directly reduces carbon dioxide emissions in the air; achieving multiple environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development.
  • the fertilization subsystem is connected with odorous gas pipelines or storage tanks produced by various garbage, sewage treatment, biogas projects, etc.
  • This type of malodorous gas contains mixed gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, amines, mercaptans, sulfides, etc.
  • the existing treatment methods are difficult, costly, and cause secondary pollution.
  • the present invention specifically proposes the resource utilization of such malodorous gas, and injects the malodorous gas into the middle and lower layers of soil and between plant roots of the greenhouse improvement unit 40 through the permeable structure, in the soil, water, voids, plant roots, Under the comprehensive action of enzymes, microorganisms, etc., the odorous gas can be retained, adsorbed, dissolved, degraded and digested, and finally converted into nutrients required by plants and used by plants; the upper soil and mulch 21 can seal the Class malodorous gas, prevent such malodorous gas from escaping into the air, and realize multiple environmental protection.
  • the concentration and amount of this type of gas can be diluted by adding air appropriately, or the disinfection subsystem can be used to increase the fungus that degrades and digests this type of malodorous gas in the middle and lower soils, such as sulfur phagocytic bacteria, phosphorus phagocytic bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria. Further promote the efficient conversion of such malodorous gases into nutrients absorbed by plants.
  • the think tank team used the intelligent facilities to implement the three gaseous fertilizers of ammonia, malodorous gas and carbon dioxide and accumulated a large amount of data, summarized and summarized the functional relationship between the growth cycle of various plants and the utilization of the three gases, and established a complete
  • the three gas resource utilization schemes deepen the level of utilization of the three gas resources and promote the sustainable development of civilization.
  • think tank teams can use intelligent facilities to conduct extended research and experiments to expand the conversion of other types of gas fertilizers into nutrients absorbed by plants and make innovative contributions.
  • the present invention specifically proposes that after planting a certain plant and harvesting, plow the soil of the greenhouse improvement unit 40, and use disinfection and sterilization (using disinfectant as described above, or using high-temperature steam for disinfection), while passing the biogas slurry or soil Conditioners, or biological agents, etc. accelerate the conversion of toxic substances secreted by plant roots, residual stems, residual branches, fallen leaves, plant roots, and viruses and bacteria infected during plant growth into organic fertilizer. It can also infiltrate the soil of the greenhouse improvement unit 40 with soil conditioners or amino acid fertilizers for soil improvement.
  • the farming civilization that has broken through thousands of years has summarized the rotation system and interplanting system technology to realize the continuous cultivation of the same plants.
  • the greenhouse improvement unit 40 further includes a second connecting pipe, one end of the second connecting pipe extends into the fertilizer tank 43, and the other end of the second connecting pipe
  • the subsystem, the fertilization subsystem and the irrigation subsystem are connected.
  • a reservoir 45 is opened on one side of the porous rib 42, and the reservoir 45 is provided corresponding to the lower edge of the planting greenhouse 41.
  • the reservoir 45 stores rainwater and other water sources, which can effectively use rainfall to reduce energy consumption for long-distance water transportation, reduce irrigation costs, and achieve efficient use of water resources.
  • the mixed composition 101 of the farmland improvement unit 30 is the same as the structure and improvement process described in the roof greening unit 10 above for high-quality soil, and will not be repeated here.
  • the permeable structure consists of the third porous pipe 31, the third rock layer 32, the third gravel layer 33, and the third sand layer 34.
  • the structure is the same as the permeable structure of the green belt unit 30 above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the permeable structure is the same as above, and is still defined as the third permeable structure.
  • the farmland improvement unit 30 also includes a support plate 35, which is buried under the third porous pipe 31.
  • a breeding pond 36 connected to the open-air pond 115 is opened under the support plate 35.
  • the support plate 35 passes through a number of support columns 37. Supported above the breeding pond 36. In this way, the support plate 35 can first isolate the third porous pipe 31 from the cultivation pond 36 to prevent water, fertilizer or malodorous gas in the soil from penetrating into the cultivation pond 36.
  • the cultivation pond 36 is connected to the open-air pond 115, so that a three-dimensional cultivation space is realized. When the water level drops in autumn and winter, the water 112 of the open-air pond 115 can flow into the cultivation pond 36 due to the low terrain when the water level drops in autumn and winter.
  • the farmland improvement unit 30 may also include a biogas tank, a fertilizer storage tank, and the like.
  • the water surface of the open pond 115 can be used for breeding waterfowl, and part of the farmland improvement unit 30 can be used for breeding livestock and poultry.
  • the breeding pond 36 and the open pond 115 also have the function of collecting rainwater, converting rainwater into breeding water, and the breeding water can be used for farmland irrigation. , Water resources are recycled. It is also possible to combine biogas engineering with planting and breeding in a cycle mode, and agricultural production wastes such as straw, fruit husks, livestock and poultry manure, etc. can be converted into biogas, biogas slurry, and biogas residue.
  • the biogas can further separate the mixed gas of methane and carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and malodorous gas.
  • the mixed gas of methane and carbon monoxide is a high-quality clean energy; carbon dioxide gas and malodorous gas are collected separately, compressed into storage tanks, or transported through closed pipelines to be reused as gaseous fertilizer resources.
  • Both biogas slurry and biogas residue can be used as aquaculture plant feed; through this intelligent plant protection and maintenance system, the planting-livestock and poultry breeding-biogas project-aquaculture recycling industry model is improved.
  • the farmland improvement unit 30 can cover a reflective coating 301 on the surface of the mixed layer 101, and the reflective coating 301 can reflect the light penetrating the crops to the back of the leaves, stems and branches of the crops to enhance the photosynthesis of the crops
  • the reflective coating 301 also has the same usage and function as the above-mentioned coating 102, which will not be repeated here.
  • the support plate 35 and the support column 37 are preferably made of one or more of discarded slag, discarded sand, discarded fiber, discarded ceramic chips, etc., to implement resource recycling.
  • the farmland improvement unit 30 pays more attention to the safety and hygiene of crops and the protection of farmland, to ensure that under the conditions of food hygiene, safety and health, moderate use of finer classification and less hazardous waste water, sludge, and organic waste resources use. If the mixed layer 101 selected by the farmland improvement unit 30 has a high proportion of heavy metals, or the original soil of the farmland improvement unit 30 has been polluted by heavy metals, planting plants with excessive heavy metal accumulation, such as centipede grass, sedum and cones Vegetables, mugwort, etc. absorb heavy metals such as copper, arsenic, and cadmium into the body, then mow the upper part of the ground and conduct centralized processing, and extract each metal.
  • each beach improvement unit 50 includes filling silt 52.
  • the permeable structure includes a number of permeable pipes 51.
  • the matrix of permeable pipes 51 is made of plastic pipes, cement pipes, rubber pipes, ceramic pipes, etc., and the outer wall is attached with a composite omentum Structure 59, composite omentum structure 59 are plated with pure metals or alloys such as copper and silver to prevent silt 52 and sand from intruding into the seepage pipe 51 and plant roots to puncture and block the seepage pipe 51 to ensure that the seepage pipe 51 is longer
  • the longevity is beneficial to reduce the consumption of seepage pipe 51 and promote environmental protection.
  • the infiltration tube 51 is defined as the fifth permeable structure; the substrate of the infiltration tube 51 is made of one or more of waste plastics, waste slag, waste rubber, waste ceramics, etc., to realize the reuse of waste resources, save high-quality resources, and save Expenses and promotion of environmental protection.
  • Each seepage pipe 51 is connected with the disinfection subsystem, the fertilization subsystem and the irrigation subsystem.
  • a composite omentum structure 59 is attached to the outer wall of the seepage pipe 51, so that liquid and gas can freely enter and exit the pipe, and can effectively prevent silt 52 and sand from entering the pipe.
  • a layer of anti-seepage film 58 should be laid on the bottom of the beach 53.
  • the seepage pipe 51 is placed on the anti-seepage film 58, and then backfilled by the silt 52 and sand along the beach 53.
  • the depth of the backfill is 30cm ⁇ 100cm.
  • the silt 52 and the saline solution of sand particles can be discharged through the infiltration pipe 51.
  • the irrigation fresh water can be immersed for multiple times through the infiltration pipe 51, or the rainwater can be used for multiple leaching, or sprinkler irrigation can be used.
  • the sludge 52 is leached twice, and the saline-alkali solution is drained multiple times, thereby reducing the saline-alkali content of the sludge 52.
  • the anti-seepage film 58 can effectively prevent the saline-alkali from the bottom of the beach 53 from penetrating into the silt 52, and achieve a low salt-alkali content of the silt 52. Furthermore, when the salt-alkali content of the silt 52 is reduced to the range that the uniquely cultivated sea rice in our country can withstand, disinfecting the coastal flat improvement unit 50 and planting uniquely cultivated rice in our country can not only solve the food crisis in my country, but also transform the coastal flats. Improved unit 50.
  • the sea rice straw is crushed and mixed with rice husks and other organic wastes, and the biogas project is used to make biogas fertilizer, and the coastal flat improvement unit 50 is further transformed into fertile fields; or, the sea rice straws are crushed and mixed with rice husks and other organic wastes.
  • high-quality super hybrid rice can be planted to realize a sustainable planting model and completely solve my country's agricultural land limitations and food security. Understandably, there is a coastal levee 54 beside the beach 53 along the beach.
  • the impermeable membrane 58 is preferably made of one or more of waste rubber, waste plastic, waste fiber, and waste metal. It can be inferred that the coastal beach improvement unit is connected with the disinfection subsystem, fertilization subsystem, irrigation subsystem, etc., which can realize various intelligent plant protection and maintenance of plants similar to the previous ones, which will not be described here.
  • the irrigation subsystem and the disinfection subsystem work together to regularly use high-pressure pulsed clean water and air to mix fluid to remove the retentate in the seepage pipe 51, and maintain and maintain the seepage pipe 51 smoothly and smoothly. Longer life cycle.
  • the artificial purification unit 60 preferentially selects barren land such as deserts and wastelands, and builds a plurality of wastes containing heavy metals with a depth of 30 cm to 100 cm.
  • the anti-seepage pool 55 can make full use of deserts and wastelands and can avoid the pollution of deserts and wastelands by the waste of the artificial purification unit 60.
  • the bottom of the anti-seepage pool 55 is evenly distributed with seepage pipes 51, which can fill pollutants with high heavy metal content such as sludge produced by sewage treatment, ash and fly ash after garbage incineration, and seepage produced by garbage landfill.
  • leaching bacteria such as Thiobacillus ferrochloride and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans are introduced to convert heavy metal pollutants into soluble ions to form an exudate containing heavy metal ions.
  • the seepage liquid is drawn through the seepage pipe 51, and heavy metals can be recovered.
  • heavy metals can be recovered separately.
  • a plurality of anti-seepage tanks 55 can be connected in series through a water pump 57 to form an artificial purification unit 60 to purify the sludge with a high proportion of heavy metals, the ash and fly ash after the incineration of garbage with a high proportion of heavy metals, and the heavy metals.
  • the anti-seepage pool 55 is preferably made of one or more of discarded slag, discarded sand, discarded fiber, discarded ceramic chips, etc., and implements resource recycling.
  • artificial purification units 60 of type and artificial sink type.
  • the matrix of the infiltration tube 51 is made of plastic tube, cement tube, rubber tube, ceramic tube, etc., and a composite omentum structure 59 is attached to the outer wall.
  • the composite omentum structure 59 is plated with pure metals or alloys such as copper and silver. Preventing plant roots from puncturing the seepage pipe 51 and preventing the silt 56 and sand from clogging the seepage pipe 51 to ensure a long life of the seepage pipe 51, which is beneficial to reduce the consumption of the seepage pipe 51 and promote environmental protection.
  • a biogas tank 44 and an underground pool can be built next to the anti-leakage tank 55.
  • the biogas tank 44 can form biogas fertilizer by fermenting crop waste to fertilize the plants planted in the anti-leakage tank 55.
  • the underground tank Rainwater or water in an open pond can be collected to irrigate the plants planted in the anti-seepage pond 55.
  • the man-made purification unit 50 purifies the sludge with a high proportion of heavy metals, the ashes and fly ash of the waste with a high proportion of heavy metals, sewage with a high proportion of heavy metals, and the leachate after the landfill of the waste with a high proportion of heavy metals.
  • the cycle of engineering integration continues to add benefits and achieve zero waste discharge.
  • the first permeability structure, the second permeability structure, the third permeability structure, the fourth permeability structure, and the fifth permeability structure can be interchanged or mixed.
  • the use of any of the above-mentioned planting units and the use of intelligent facilities can effectively make scientific use of some wastes that are harmless, resourced and reduced. More perfect, the roof greening unit 10, the green belt unit 20, the greenhouse improvement unit 40, the farmland improvement unit 30, the beach improvement unit 50, the artificial purification unit 60 are combined with the biogas project and the amino acid fertilizer project, through the irrigation subsystem, fertilization
  • the combined use of subsystems, disinfection subsystems, cloud computers, etc. will create new agricultural and ecological civilizations, promote harmony between man and nature, and provide strong driving force for the sustainable development of civilization.

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Abstract

一种智能化植保与养护系统,包括种植单元、消毒子系统、施肥子系统和灌溉子系统,种植单元包括屋顶绿化单元(10)、绿化带单元(20)、农田改良单元(30)、大棚改良单元(40)、沿海滩涂改良单元(50)和人造净化单元(60)中的至少一种;其中,种植单元还包括渗透结构,渗透结构与消毒子系统、施肥子系统和灌溉子系统相连接,如此可达到废弃物的分类收集处理和输送,实现了废弃物的无害化、资源化与减量化的科学利用,既实现环境友好,又让植物茁壮生长,特别是农作物安全、优质和高效高产;同时又能绿化美化城乡,促进人与自然和谐,为人类可持续发展提供一条切实可行的解决方案。

Description

智能化植保与养护系统 技术领域
本申请属于农业工程、绿化工程、环境保护与废弃物的资源化利用技术领域,尤其涉及一种智能化植保与养护系统。
背景技术
当前,全球55%的人生活在城镇,预计2050年75%的人生活在城镇,会加深了城乡资源配置不均衡,资源向城镇集中。随着经济的发展和物质生活的极大丰富,人们的生活水平得到了显著改善,同时在生产和生活中产生大量废弃物(废水、废气、废固体、废热),对环境构成严峻的威胁,甚至严重污染问题。人类需要农业生产更多较高价值的农林产品,如粮食、果蔬、奶、蛋、畜禽、水产品、棉花和木材等,乡村必然会生产大量的秸杆、果壳、枯枝落叶、畜禽粪尿等废弃物。特别是,养活人的农林产品(粮食、果蔬、牛奶、蛋、畜禽、水产品等)由乡村生产后大部分运往城镇,在加工和消费过程中,产生大量有机废弃物,造成废弃物围城,对城镇环境构成严重的直接威胁。一些种类的有机废弃物极易变质、腐化。这就导致在运往垃圾填埋场或垃圾焚烧厂之前,其已经开始变质、腐化,会产生大量恶臭气体和渗液,造成二次污染。垃圾又称废固体,或称固体废弃物。垃圾填埋方式只是清洁了街道、社区等,将垃圾收集、运往填埋场,会占用大量土地和消耗很大的人力、物力与财力,还会制造二次污染和长达30年以上的维护困局。
近年,全球广泛采用的垃圾焚烧与发电相结合的处理方式,产生了一定环保和经济的积极效应,同时却消耗大量氧气资源,增加了二氧化碳、氮氧化物等温室气体排放,加重大气污染。更严重是:垃圾焚烧后的灰烬和飞灰均含有大量重金属物质和有毒有害的有机物等,垃圾焚烧后的灰烬和飞灰均是二次污染物,属更难处理的高含量有毒有害物。
污水也称废水,按来源分为生活污水、工业废水、和径流污水。过去将污水直接排入江、河、湖、海等造成严重水体污染事件。现在,人们普遍对污水采取处理措施,发展出多种污水处理方法和处理路径,确实减轻污水对环境破坏。各种污水处理方法和路径,均不可避免产生二次污染物——污泥,产量巨大。污泥含有大量有机质和营养元素,有农业资源化利用价值;同时可能含有大量的重金属物质、病原菌、病毒和毒性有机物。因此,其产生、储存、处理处置及资源化利用过程中均可能危害环境。污泥的处理处置成为一个世界性的社会和环境问题。
近代,农业采用化肥、农药和除草剂为主要支撑的生产模式,起初确实增加了农业生产效率和农产品产量,后来人们逐步发现农药、化肥和除草剂会造成土壤、空气和水的污染;化肥会渗入土壤底层和流失到江、河、湖、海等水体,造成水体富营养化,打破生态环境的平衡;而且因长期施用化肥会造成土壤板结与肥力下降,农产品质量与产量双双降低。各国农业生产实践充分证明该模式不可持续,严重威胁到人类的生存和发展。
近年来,随着“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的发展理念深入人心,人们日益重视和关注环境保护,城镇和乡村绿化与美化的活动持续推进,其内容不断丰富,绿化和美化的种植面积呈几何级数增加。这样会产生更多园林废弃物,如枯枝落叶、修剪的枝叶、草坪修剪物、杂草种子和花卉残留物等废弃物。这些绿化与美化的植物必然需要植保与养护,如果仍然采用化肥、农药和除草剂为主要支撑的生产模式,起初确实会增加绿化与美化的效果,长久后必然会逐渐发现农药、化肥和除草剂会造成土壤、空气和水的污染;化肥会渗入土壤底层和扩散到江、河、湖、海等水体,造成水体富营养化,打破环境生态平衡,而且造成土壤结板和土壤肥力下降;绿化与美化的效果会降低。这样产生新的污染源,也会威胁到人类的生存和发展。
自然界的新陈代谢,人类生活产生的垃圾和污水,畜禽养殖的粪尿,食品加工、沼气工程等都会产生恶臭气体。恶臭气体是各种引起人不愉快感觉异味的气体总称。恶臭气体污染属大气污染的范畴,直接危害人体健康,引起恶心、头痛、失眠和食欲不佳等症状,为世界七大公害之一,是典型的扰民污染。
技术问题
本申请实施例的目的在于:提供一种智能化植保与养护系统,以城乡一体化融合发展为宗旨,解决城乡生产与生活所产的废弃物分类收集处理和输送,和对新型种植单元实施土壤杀菌与消毒、土壤改良、灌水、施肥,预防病虫害、土壤与植物根系的呼吸、植物抗高温和抗低温保护等多种功能的智能化植物保护与养护的技术问题。
技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题,本发明实施例采用的技术方案是:
第一方面,提供了一种智能化植保与养护系统,包括种植单元、用于提供杀菌消毒剂、高温水蒸汽和农药的消毒子系统、用于将废弃物分类收集并转化为肥料的施肥子系统和用于将废水转化为灌溉水的灌溉子系统,所述种植单元包括屋顶绿化单元、绿化带单元、农田改良单元、大棚改良单元、沿海滩涂改良单元和人造净化单元中的至少一种;
其中,所述种植单元还包括渗透结构,所述渗透结构与所述消毒子系统、所述施肥子系统和所述灌溉子系统的输出端相连接,所述渗透结构用于将杀菌消毒剂、高温水蒸汽、肥料、农药和水源施于所述屋顶绿化单元、所述绿化带单元、所述农田改良单元、所述大棚改良单元、所述沿海滩涂改良单元和所述人造净化单元。
进一步地,所述灌溉子系统与城镇供排水系统、乡村水网和水库相连接,所述灌溉子系统用于收集废水并转化为灌溉用水。
进一步地,所述施肥子系统与城乡排污管道、化粪池和污水管网以及沼气池通过管网相连接,以将所述城乡排污管道的有机废弃物收集并发酵制成肥料并通过所述渗透结构将所述肥料施于所述种植单元。
进一步地,所述消毒子系统包括有用于与工厂相连接的管道网,所述管道网用于接收自所述工厂排出的消毒制剂和高温水蒸汽,并用于对所述种植单元的土壤进行杀菌消毒、杀灭虫卵或杀灭杂草种子。
进一步地,在所述种植单元包括所述屋顶绿化单元时,所述渗透结构包括第一多孔管和逐序平铺于所述屋顶绿化单元的屋顶绿地内的第一石块层、第一石砾层和第一砂粒层,所述消毒子系统、所述施肥子系统和所述灌溉子系统的输出端均与所述第一多孔管相连接。
进一步地,所述种植单元的土壤于种植完成农作物后,通入消毒剂和高温蒸汽消毒,并通入沼液、土壤调理剂或生物制剂以使得土壤内存在植物的根系、残茎、残枝、败叶以及植物的根系的分泌物转化为有机肥,以使得所述种植单元实现继续种植所述农作物的连耕连作的种植模式。
进一步地,所述屋顶绿化单元包括旱作型屋顶绿化单元、人造湿地型屋顶绿化单元、人造浮床型屋顶绿化单元和人造沉床型屋顶绿化单元,所述旱作型屋顶绿化单元、所述人造湿地型屋顶绿化单元、所述人造浮床型屋顶绿化单元和所述人造沉床型屋顶绿化单元串联、并联或交叉关联,以实现对建筑物排放的污水进行循环净化;所述旱作型屋顶绿化单元、所述人造湿地型屋顶绿化单元、所述人造浮床型屋顶绿化单元和所述人造沉床型屋顶绿化单元均与沼气工程相连接,以实现将所述建筑物内产生的废弃有机物通过所述沼气工程进行利用,并使得所述建筑物实现污水和废弃有机物零排放。
进一步地,在所述种植单元包括所述屋顶绿化单元时,所述渗透结构还包括多孔隔板,所述多孔隔板设置于所述屋顶绿地下方,且所述多孔隔板的下方形成有容腔,所述容腔与所述消毒子系统、所述施肥子系统和所述灌溉子系统相连接。
进一步地,所述多孔隔板上铺设有砂石层和铺设于所述砂石层上并用于种植屋顶绿植的废弃有机物层、污泥层和泥土层,所述废弃有机物层、所述污泥层和所述泥土层多次交替成混合层。
进一步地,在所述种植单元包括所述绿化带单元时,所述绿化带单元还包括第二石块层、第二石砾层和第二砂粒层,所述渗透结构还包括用于埋设于绿化带下的第二多孔管,所述消毒子系统、所述施肥子系统和所述灌溉子系统的输出端均与所述第二多孔管相连接,所述第二石块层、所述第二石砾层和所述第二砂粒层由内至外逐序环设于所述第二多孔管的外周。
进一步地,所述绿化带单元包括旱作型绿化带单元、人造湿地型绿化带单元、人造浮床型绿化带单元和人造沉床型绿化带单元,所述旱作型绿化带单元、所述人造湿地型绿化带单元、所述人造浮床型绿化带单元和所述人造沉床型绿化带单元串联、并联或交叉关联,以实现对城乡排放的污水进行循环净化;所述旱作型屋顶绿化单元、所述人造湿地型屋顶绿化单元、所述人造浮床型屋顶绿化单元和所述人造沉床型屋顶绿化单元均与所述屋顶绿化单元和沼气工程相连接,以实现将城乡产生的废弃有机物通过所述沼气工程进行利用,并使得城乡实现污水和废弃有机物零排放。
进一步地,在所述种植单元包括所述农田改良单元时,所述渗透结构还包括用于埋设于农田绿地下的第三多孔管,所述消毒子系统、所述施肥子系统和所述灌溉子系统的输出端均与所述第三多孔管相连接,所述农田改良单元还包括第三石块层、第三石砾层和第三砂粒层,所述第三石块层、所述第三石砾层和所述第三砂粒层由内至外逐序环设于所述第三多孔管的外周。
进一步地,所述农田改良单元还包括支撑板,所述支撑板埋设于所述第三多孔管的下方,所述支撑板的下方开设有与露天池塘相连通的养殖池。
进一步地,在所述种植单元包括所述大棚改良单元时,所述大棚改良单元包括种植大棚,所述渗透结构包括多孔肋板,所述多孔肋板埋设于所述种植大棚下,所述消毒子系统埋设于所述多孔肋板的下方,且所述多孔肋板的下方开设有储肥池、沼气池和蓄水池,所述储肥池、所述沼气池和所述蓄水池间隔设置,所述储肥池与所述沼气池相连通,所述储肥池与所述施肥子系统相连通,所述蓄水池与所述灌溉子系统相连通。
进一步地,所述大棚改良单元包括旱作型大棚改良单元、人造湿地型大棚改良单元、人造浮床型大棚改良单元和人造沉床型大棚改良单元,所述旱作型大棚改良单元、所述人造湿地型大棚改良单元、所述人造浮床型大棚改良单元和所述人造沉床型大棚改良单元串联、并联或交叉关联,以实现对城乡排放的污水进行循环净化;所述旱作型大棚改良单元、所述人造湿地型大棚改良单元、所述人造浮床型大棚改良单元和所述人造沉床型大棚改良单元均与所述屋顶绿化单元、所述绿化带单元和所述沼气工程相连接,以实现将城乡产生的废弃有机物通过所述沼气工程进行利用,并使得城乡实现污水和废弃有机物零排放。
进一步地,所述沼气池收集废气有机物和污水,并通过废热实现加温以产生沼气、沼液和沼渣,且所述沼气经分离形成甲烷气体与一氧化碳气体的混合气体、恶臭气体和用于提升植物光合作用效率的二氧化碳气体,所述施肥子系统与恶臭气体管道或储罐相联,所述恶臭气体通过所述渗透结构渗入所述种植单元的中、下层土壤及植物根系间,以在土壤、水、空隙、植物根系、酶和微生物的综合作用下转化为植物所需的养分和让植物吸收利用,所述沼液和所述沼渣进入所述储肥池发酵形成肥料,以实现废弃物、废热和污水的资源化综合利用。
进一步地,所述种植大棚内通入二氧化碳气体以提升所述种植大棚内的二氧化碳浓度,所述种植大棚的植物根系及土壤处通入空气,以增强植物根系及土壤的呼吸,并提升植物的光合作用效率。
进一步地,在所述种植单元包括所述沿海滩涂改良单元时,各所述沿海滩涂改良单元均填充淤泥,所述渗透结构还包括若干渗管,且各所述渗管均与所述消毒子系统、所述施肥子系统和所述灌溉子系统相连接,各所述渗管的外壁均附有复合网膜结构,以阻止淤泥、砂粒和植物根系进入所述渗管内。
进一步地,在所述种植单元包括所述人造净化单元时,将重金属含量高的污染物,通过投入浸矿细菌处理,种植重金属超量积累植物处理,和旱作型、人造湿地型、人造浮床型和人造沉床型四种人造净化单元种植超净化植物联合作用,净化出优质的再生水和优质的土壤,将沙漠与荒地等改造成良田,即将废弃物无害化、资源化与减量化的处理,同沙漠与荒地等土地改造相结合。
进一步地,所述人造净化单元还包括有若干所述渗管,各所述渗管分别铺设于各防渗漏池的底部并用于抽取含有重金属离子的渗液和种植重金属超量积累植物,以回收重金属。
进一步地,通过所述渗透结构,可将氨气、恶臭气体作为气态肥料,施于植物根系土壤中,供植物生长。
有益效果
与现有技术相比,本申请实施例提供的智能化植保与养护系统,由于消毒子系统、施肥子系统和灌溉子系统与渗透结构相连接,这样消毒子系统、施肥子系统和灌溉子系统即可同时向屋顶绿化单元、绿化带单元、农田改良单元、大棚改良单元、沿海滩涂改良单元和人造净化单元中的至少一种供给消毒剂、高温水蒸汽、肥料养分和水源,进而实现对城市绿地土壤、农田绿地土壤、和沿海滩涂、人造净化土壤的消毒杀菌、预防病虫害、施肥、灌溉水和排水,保证了土壤与植物根系的呼吸。通过消毒子系统、施肥子系统和灌溉子系统将城市绿地养护、农田绿地养护、沿海滩涂和人造净化工程关联起来,达到废弃物的分类收集处理和输送,实现了废弃物的无害化、资源化与减量化的科学利用,既实现环境友好,又让植物茁壮生长,特别是农作物安全、优质和高效高产;同时又能绿化美化城乡,促进人与自然和谐,为人类可持续发展提供一条切实可行的解决方案。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的屋顶绿化单元的结构示意图;
图2为本申请实施例提供的屋顶绿化单元的另一结构示意图;
图3为本申请实施例提供的绿化带单元的结构示意图;
图4为本申请实施例提供的农田改良单元的结构示意图;
图5为本申请实施例提供的大棚改良单元的结构示意图;
图6为本申请实施例提供的沿海滩涂改良单元的结构示意图;
图7为本申请实施例提供的人造净化单元的结构示意图;
图8为本申请实施例提供的大棚改良单元的技术路线示意图;
图9为本申请实施例提供的智能化植保与养护系统的总技术路线示意图。
其中,图中各附图标记:
10—屋顶绿化单元       11—第一多孔管          12—第一石块层
13—第一石砾层        14—第一砂粒层          15—多孔隔板
16—容腔             17—废弃有机物           18—污泥
19—泥土               20—绿化带单元21—第二多孔管
22—第二石块层23—第二石砾层           24—第二砂粒层
25—自行车道           26—路肩                 27—机动车道
28—人行道             30—农田改良单元         31—第三多孔管
32—第三石块层33—第三石砾层         34—第三砂粒层
35—支撑板36—养殖池               37—支撑柱
40—大棚改良单元       41—种植大棚42—多孔肋板
43—储肥池44—沼气池45—蓄水池
46—承重板             50—沿海滩涂改良单元51—渗管
52—淤泥53—滩涂                 54—海防大堤
55—防渗漏池56—淤泥                 57—水泵
58—防渗膜             59—复合网膜结构         60—人造净化单元
101—混合层102—覆膜111—容器
112—水液              113—第一连接管114—可控阀门
115—露天池塘          301—反射型覆膜。
本发明的实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图1~9描述的实施例是示例性的,旨在用于解释本申请,而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
如图1~3所示,本申请实施例提供了一种智能化植保与养护系统,其包括有智库团队和智能设施。智库团队由气象专家、水文专家、环保专家、土壤专家,农业工程专家、绿化工程专家、信息及通讯工程专家、农技师和植保专家等组成,是对传统的农民、农业科技人员等协作方式的升级。所述的智库团队内部的专家能相互协作,发挥各种人才智慧,并能借助智能设施,对城镇、乡村的各种资源(包括废弃物在内),进行城乡一体化、循环化、科学化利用,属更高一级的组织团队,并能不断自我完善和智慧化升级。智能化设施包括用于对土壤进行改良的种植单元、用于提供杀菌消毒剂、高温水蒸汽和农药的消毒子系统(图未示)、用于将废弃物分类收集并转化为肥料的施肥子系统(图未示)、用于将废水转化为灌溉水的灌溉子系统(图未示)等。还可包括智能化农机、无人机、智能化控制单元和云计算中心。其中,智能化农机包括当今社会广泛使用的耕作,播种、除草、收割的农机。无人机包括旋翼或固定翼的无人飞机和无翼飞行器,其可对植物进行巡视、病虫害防治和施洒叶面肥料等植保工作。
更进一步地,种植单元包括屋顶绿化单元10、绿化带单元20、农田改良单元30、大棚改良单元40、沿海滩涂改良单元50和人造净化单元60中的至少一种。可选地,屋顶绿化单元10、绿化带单元20、大棚改良单元40、农田改良单元30、沿海滩涂改良单元50和人造净化单元60均可为多个,以屋顶绿化单元10为例,多个屋顶绿化单元10可相互连接,形成串联式的屋顶绿化单元10。
更进一步地,种植单元还包括渗透结构,渗透结构与消毒子系统、施肥子系统和灌溉子系统的输出端相连接,渗透结构用于将杀菌消毒剂、高温水蒸汽、肥料和水源施于屋顶绿化单元10、绿化带单元20、农田改良单元30、大棚改良单元40、沿海滩涂改良单元50和人造净化单元60。其中,渗透结构具体可将杀菌消毒剂、高温水蒸汽、气态肥、液态肥等肥料、农药和水通过渗涌的方法施于土壤中。亦可实现对土壤中盐碱液、积水以及有害物质的排出和对消毒剂的回收。
更进一步,智能化农机包括耕作农机和施肥农机,其可将各种固态肥(包括化肥和农家肥)施于所述绿化带单元、大棚改良单元,农田改良单元,沿海滩涂改良单元中。特要说明我国几千年传统的农家肥,比如粪尿肥、厩肥、堆沤肥、秸秆肥、绿肥、土杂肥(如薰土、塘泥肥)、饼肥、泥炭与腐殖酸类肥料可综合利用,通过上述的智能化植保与养护系统,进一步提升肥料的利用效率,为农业文明继承和创新发展提供更便捷、可持续发展的新境界。
消毒子系统用于向种植单元提供杀菌与消毒制剂和高温水蒸汽,对种植单元的土壤进行杀菌消毒、杀灭虫卵、杂草种子等有害物。同时所述消毒子系统也可回收留存于种植单元内的杀菌与消毒制剂,以便循环利用和环境保护。更进一步,所述消毒子系统可向种植单元施加农药、生物酶剂、抗菌剂、抗虫剂等,用于植物病虫害防治。
进一步地,消毒子系统还与土壤调理剂生产厂或储罐相联接。土壤调理剂又称土壤结构改良剂,简称土壤改良剂,如腐殖酸类、聚丙烯酸类等。可调节土壤PH值,土壤微生物数量和种类,促进土壤中多种酶的活性,可减少化肥、农药使用量,改善土壤水、肥、气、热的状况,促进植物生长,提高植物品质和产量。更进一步地,消毒子系统由计量泵、控制阀、减压阀、储罐、管道等构成,其中,管道和储罐相连接,计量泵、控制阀和减压阀均设置于管道上以控制管道的通断,并控制管道内流过的消毒制剂和高温水蒸汽的流量。
进一步,消毒子系统包括有用于与外界工厂、工矿企业相连接的管道网,管道网用于接收工矿企业产生的杀菌与消毒制剂、高温水蒸汽、农药、生物抗菌剂等。消毒子系统向种植单元提供杀菌与消毒制剂和高温水蒸汽,对种植单元的土壤进行杀菌消毒、杀灭虫卵、杂草种子等有害物。同时消毒子系统也可回收留存于种植单元内的杀菌与消毒制剂,以便循环利用和环境保护。
更进一步,消毒子系统可向种植单元施加农药、生物抗菌剂等,农药用于防治植物病虫害。消毒子系统与农药储存罐相联,也可通过渗透结构向植物的根端渗入农药、生物酶剂、抗菌、抗虫剂、激发植物生命活力,增加植物抗病、抗菌、防虫能力。
进一步地,施肥子系统用于通过渗透结构向种植单元提供肥料。具体地,施肥子系统与城乡化粪池、沼气池、污水池和污水管网以及乡村沼气池通过管网连接,以将城市下水道的排泄和餐厨废物进行分类收集并发酵制成肥料并通过渗透结构将肥料施于种植单元。其中,化粪池、沼气池、污水池可收集易腐变质有机废弃物,如人类粪尿、畜禽粪尿、屠宰场废弃物、食品加工产生的下脚料、餐厨废弃物等,并进行厌氧性发酵,产生沼气、沼液和沼渣。沼气可进一步分离出甲烷及一氧化碳混合气体、二氧化碳和恶臭气体。甲烷及一氧化碳混合气体可作清洁能源;二氧化碳气体和恶臭气体,可作气态肥料,进行分别收集、储存、输送,施于所述种植单元。沼液可通过封闭的管网高效安全输送到种植单元,进行土壤改良;沼渣可用密封容器收集储存运输施洒于土壤中,增加土壤的有机质,实现土壤改良。能够将城市下水道的排泄和餐厨废物收集并发酵制成有机肥料等,为种植单元进行施肥。肥料供植物生长需要,包括气态肥(如氨气、恶臭气体、或二氧化碳等)和液态肥(如沼液、微生物菌肥、化肥等)。施肥子系统由计量泵、控制阀、安全阀、减压阀、储罐、储肥池、管道、检测肥料各元素的仪器等构成。
更进一步,施肥子系统与氨基酸肥料生产厂或储罐相联。氨基酸肥广泛采用畜禽屠宰厂的下脚料(废弃的碎肉、皮、毛、蹄角、血液等)、制革厂的碎皮下脚料、人发渣、油脂加工的饼粕、海产品加工的下脚料、味精厂的废液、淀粉厂的废液等,可有效资源化利用,生产含有碳、氢、氧、氮、硫、磷元素的多种氨基酸成分,通过渗透结构直接施加至种植单元土壤中和植物根系间,能增强植物代谢功能和抗逆能力,改善土壤理化性状,提高保水保肥力和透气性能,起到养护、改良土壤的多重作用。
更进一步,施肥子系统还与微生物肥料生产厂或储罐相联,如根瘤菌肥料、固氮菌肥料、磷细菌肥料等,通过渗透结构直接施与植物根系间,将空气中的氮气、土壤中的惰性磷元素、惰性钾元素转化为植物可吸收的养分,促进和调节植物生长,有利于减少化肥的使用,从而实现环境友好。
灌溉子系统可与城镇供水系统、乡村水网和水库相连接,在城市内,灌溉子系统可收集城市中生产与生活所产生的废水,比如空调冷凝水以及生活废水等,经过过滤清洁后,可转变为灌溉用水。灌溉子系统可以通过渗透结构向种植单元提供水分,也可抽排种植单元的积水或盐碱液。
进一步地,灌溉子系统由水源、泵站(含计量泵)、水质监测仪、水量测量仪、闸、阀、水渠和铺设于城乡的管道网构成。灌溉子系统与传统水利工程相联通,也与污水处理厂的进水口(对应的污水)和出水口(对应的再生水)相联通。根据传统灌溉水、污水、再生水不同水的质量(成分和含量),对所述的屋顶绿化单元10、绿化带单元20、大棚改良单元40、农田改良单元30、沿海滩塗改良单元50和人造净化单元60中某一植物实施独特的水质水量灌溉。具体地,灌溉子系统,可以通过渗透结构向种植单元提供水,也可抽排种植单元的积水或盐碱液。
以下对本申请实施例提供的智能化植保与养护系统作进一步说明:本申请实施例提供的智能化植保与养护系统,由于消毒子系统、施肥子系统和灌溉子系统与渗透结构相连接,这样消毒子系统、施肥子系统和灌溉子系统即可同时向屋顶绿化单元10、绿化带单元20、农田改良单元30、大棚改良单元40、沿海滩涂改良单元50和人造净化单元60中的至少一种供给消毒剂、高温水蒸汽、肥料养分和水源,进而实现对城市绿地土壤、农田绿地土壤、沿海滩涂、人造净化土壤的消毒杀菌、预防病虫害、施肥、灌溉水和排水,保证了土壤与植物根系的呼吸。通过消毒子系统、施肥子系统和灌溉子系统将城市绿地养护、农田绿地养护、沿海滩涂和人造净化工程关联起来,实现了废弃物的无害化、资源化与减量化的科学利用,既实现环境友好,又让植物茁壮生长,特别是农作物安全、优质和高效高产;同时又能绿化美化城乡,促进人与自然和谐,为人类可持续发展提供一条切实可行的解决方案。
在本申请的另一个实施例中,智能化植保与养护系统还具有智能化控制单元,智能化控制单元安装在种植单元上,并且与安装在种植单元上的温度传感器、湿度传感器、检测土壤肥料的传感器、检测光照的传感器,视频监视器相联接,并且相互之间能进行数据交流。智能化控制单元通过卫星通讯、网络通讯、5G通讯与云计算中心相联接,并进行数据传输。其中,云计算中心可对各数据进行收集、分类、存储、运算、推演、显示等功能,构建起大数据库,接受所述智库团队的调控,并为所述智库团队提供智能支持。智能化芯片控制消毒子系统释放的消毒剂的浓度、体积和释放时长,进而可确保消毒杀菌效果;消毒子系统还可对土壤内残存的消毒剂进行回收,以对消毒剂循环利用,同时也减少大气污染。可有效减少农药、除草剂的用量,有利于环境保护。同时,智能化芯片可控制施肥子系统的施肥类型(比如气态肥、液态肥或化肥的选择等)、施肥周期、施肥浓度和施肥量。可选地,智能化芯片亦可控制灌溉子系统的供水量。
进一步地,种植单元均安装有空气和土壤的温度检测器、空气和土壤的湿度检测器、土壤成分检测器、土壤PH值检测器、光照检测器、空气成分检测器、空气流向与流速检测器、监测植物生长与病虫害视频仪等传感器。这些传感器与智能化控制单元联接,并将检测数据和监测的情况及时传送到智能化控制单元。特别说明,土壤成分检测器可检测土壤中养分的种类和含量为测土配方施肥技术提供基础数据;同时也能测量土壤中重金属离子的种类和含量,为作物卫生与安全、土壤改良提供基础数据。
智能化控制单元可与大型计算器机设备相连接,将数据传输于大型计算机内进行运算和存储,并进行大数据分析,同时可将数据分析结果提供给智库团队。同时,智能化控制单元还包括用于对应外界绿地设置的视频监器、湿度传感器、温度传感器、肥料成分传感器、水位传感器和光照传感器等,湿度传感器和温度传感器均埋设于混合层101内以用于监测混合层101的温度和湿度,肥料成分传感器可用于监测混合层101内肥料的成分和浓度,并将数据反馈于智能化控制单元,当下雨时,水位传感器会监测水位变化,当水位超过预设值时,即可进行排水作业,防止植物受淹。而排出的水又可与同等水质的水储存起来,以便循环利用。
优选地,智能化植保与养护系统还包括由若干无人机组成的空中梯队,对农作物及城市绿植的叶面进行施肥、喷洒农药以及投放植保生物(比如有益昆虫等)。而各无人机可受控于智能芯片所发出既定程序,单机或群组化进行施肥、施药以及投放有益昆虫等。
进一步地,当施肥完毕,需要灌溉时,灌溉子系统对屋顶绿地进行灌溉,而湿度传感器、温度传感器和水位传感器则可监测土壤的温度和湿度情况,肥料成分传感器可监测混合层101内养料各成分与含量,进而可由智库团队对施肥量进行调配,实现水肥共施。智能化控制单元则根据最终的数据反馈结果驱动灌溉子系统对屋顶绿地进行灌溉。而视频监视仪则可对绿地现场实现视频监控。同时,由于不同植物对水需求量有很大差别,即使同一类植物,因品种对水的需求量也有差异,同一植物不同生长时期对水的需求也有差异。同时,降雨、空气流动速度、气温、湿度和光照强度等都是对植物生长的重要影响因素,因此,可通过智库团队(气象专家、水文专家、环境专家、土壤专家、农业工程专家、信息及通信工程专家、农技师和植保专家)对视频监视器和各个传感器所采集的信息进行综合分析,制定优化方案,及时为绿植提供灌溉、施肥、高温和低温保护、病虫害防治等,进而对植物实现科学灌溉。进一步地,灌溉子系统可优先采用已充分发酵的污水、废水灌溉,进而实现水肥共施。其次可考虑用回用水、雨水、空调冷凝水和天然水源进行灌溉。
在本申请的另一个实施例中,如图1所示,在种植单元包括屋顶绿化单元10时,具体于屋顶绿化单元10,渗透结构包括第一多孔管11和逐序平铺于屋顶绿地内的第一石块层12、第一石砾层13和第一砂粒层14,第一多孔管11连续、迂回铺设于容器111底部并被掩埋于第一石块层12内,第一多孔管11的进口端与消毒子系统、灌溉子系统和施肥子系统(图未示)相联。第一多孔管11另一端封堵,如此可使得屋顶绿化单元10独立存在;或与下一第一多孔管11进口联接,构成两个或两个以上屋顶绿化单元10串联式的种植单元。如此既能让水、气和肥液等进出第一多孔管11,又能有效阻止屋顶绿化单元10内的土壤细小颗粒进入第一多孔管11内外,有效保证第一多孔管11的畅通。
进一步地,第一多孔管11可以是塑料、橡胶、水泥、陶瓷或耐蚀金属等寿命长的材料制成,侧壁开有许多孔或槽。
进一步,第一石块层12为粒径大一些的石块、沸石、陶粒、煤灰球或矿渣球等一种或多种,如粒径30mm~40mm的,其缝隙数量少而间隙大;第一石砾13为粒径小一些的石块、沸石、陶粒、煤灰球或矿渣球等一种或多种,如粒径15mm~25mm的,其形成的缝隙数量多而间隙要小一些;第一砂粒层14为粒径更小一些的砂石、沸石、陶粒、煤灰球或矿渣球等一种或多种,如粒径5mm~12mm的,其形成的缝隙数量更多而间隙要更小一些。第一石块层12、第一石砾层13和第一砂粒层14共同构成不同间隙特征的缝隙,能将水、气、肥液等均衡施加于屋顶绿化单元10土壤中,同时又能阻止土壤细小颗粒渗入所述第一多孔管11中。第一石块层12,第一石砾层13,第一砂粒层14和第一多孔管11共同构成具有较长使用寿命的渗透结构,定义为本发明的第一种渗透结构。特别说明:第一石块层12,第一石砾层13,第一砂粒层14可优选采用废弃的石块、废弃的沸石、废弃的砂石、陶粒、煤灰球或矿渣球一种或多种构筑,因陶粒、煤灰球或矿渣球均属废弃物资源化利用的产物;多孔管11可优先采用废弃塑料、橡胶、矿渣、金属等材料制作。因此第一种渗透结构优选采用废弃物进行资源化构筑,实现资源化循环利用。
或者如图2所示,屋顶绿化单元10包括屋顶绿化容器111,在屋顶绿化容器111底部安装一多孔隔板15,多孔隔板15与屋顶绿化容器111底部形成一个容腔16,容腔16可容纳水、气、肥。多孔隔板15、容腔16构成本实施例的第二种渗透结构,其可将水、气、肥渗透进入屋顶绿化单元10上层土壤中,也可将屋顶绿化单元10上层土壤中的水、气、肥渗入容腔16中。屋顶绿化容器111和多孔隔板15优先采用废弃的矿渣、废弃的砂石、废弃的纤维或废弃的瓷片等一种或多种制成,实行资源化循环利用。并且在屋顶绿化容器111底部或侧壁下端安装一管道,该管道一端与容腔16相通,另一端通过四通接头和三个可控阀门联接,三个可控阀门分别与消毒子系统的末端管、灌溉子系统末端管、施肥子系统末端管(此处统称第一连接管)联接。
更进一步,在如图1所示的第一砂粒层14上,或者如图2所示的多孔隔板15上,填入由一层粉碎的废弃有机物17、一层污泥18、一层泥土19的组合方式,交替填充至屋顶绿化容器111的顶部为止。更优选地,如图2所示多孔隔板15可预先铺设有第一砂石层14。一层废弃有机物17、一层污泥18、一层泥土19可铺设于第一砂石层14上。有机废弃物17可因地制宜,可以是园林、庭院绿化的落叶、修剪的枝叶、残花败叶等相关废弃物,或是餐厨垃圾,或是商贸菜市废弃的食品、果蔬、沼渣等一种或多种;污泥18为污水处理过程中产生的沉淀物,或者是塘泥;泥土19为就近获取的种植土壤。废弃有机物17、污泥18和泥土19数次交替成混合层101。交替次数越多,混合层101的均质化越好,更有利于土壤改良和废弃物资源化利用效果,促进环境保护和环境美化。
更进一步,智库团队根据废弃有机物17、污泥18和泥土19三者的特性和所含的成分,特别是三者中的重金属、有毒有机物的含量,结合植物特征,进行综合考量,使得三者合理配比以为植物提供丰富养料,又能保障生长的植物后续利用的卫生与安全,同时有效将废弃有机物17、污泥18资源化利用,实现多重福利。
更进一步,启动无人机、同时使得无人机依靠卫星定位、导航和通讯,其即可对屋顶绿化单元10的每一颗植株进行观测,叶面施肥,投放植保生物或喷洒灭虫剂或杀菌剂,有效施肥与防治植物的病虫害。
更进一步,消毒子系统与消毒剂生产厂和储罐相连接。启动消毒子系统,消毒剂通过屋顶绿化单元10底部的渗透结构,渗入到混合层101中,并对消毒剂的浓度和剂量进行控制,并将上述浓度和剂量数据采集并传输至云计算中心。对图1、图2所示的屋顶绿化容器10内的混合层101进行消毒与杀菌,杀灭其中的病毒、虫卵、细菌、杂草种子等有害物。这里的种子指能生长与发育成植株的籽粒、果实、块茎、宿根、蔓藤、幼苗、枝杆、叶等。为保证消毒杀菌效果,在最上一层泥土19上盖有一覆膜102。覆膜102能有效防止消毒剂散发,并增强消毒与杀菌效果。消毒子系统能智能化控制通入屋顶绿化单元10内的消毒剂的浓度、质量和消毒时间,确保消毒剂尽可能不散失空气中,同时能保证杀灭废弃有机物17、污泥18和泥土19中的病毒、虫卵、细菌、杂草种子等有害物。杀灭病毒、虫卵、细菌等,有利于混合层101的安全与卫生和减少病虫侵害植物,从而会减少植物生长过程中农药的使用,减少农药对环境的污染;杀灭杂草种子可消除杂草生长,从而会减少植物生长过程中因杂草丛生而使用除草剂;这样既有利植物高产、优质、安全与卫生,又有利于环境保护。
更进一步,消毒子系统可启动回收模式,将屋顶绿化单元10内的消毒剂通过渗透结构抽吸至消毒剂储罐中以备循环利用,尽量减少直接排放大气中,从而减少环境负荷。
可选地,消毒子系统还可与高温水蒸气发生器相联接。高温水蒸气发生器可将排放的废热资源化利用,制备高温水蒸气,同时减少能源消耗,进一步有利于环境保护。
高温水蒸气通过屋顶绿化单元10底部的渗透结构向混合层101渗入,使其温度升到80℃左右,并保持30~60分钟,杀灭其中的病毒、虫卵、杂草种子和细菌等有害物。这里的种子指能生长与发育成植株的籽粒、果实、块茎、宿根、蔓藤、幼苗、枝杆、叶等,下文凡所述的种子均与该处所属的种子包含的意义相同,不再赘述。杀灭杂草种子可消除杂草生长,从而会减少植物生长过程中因杂草丛生而使用除草剂,从而减少了除草剂对环境的污染;杀灭病毒、虫卵、细菌等,有利于土壤卫生和减少病虫侵害植物,从而也会减少植物生长过程中农药的使用量,从而减少农药对环境污染。这样既有利植物高产、优质、安全与卫生,又可实现环境保护。
更进一步,消毒子系统还与土壤调理剂生产厂或储罐相联接。土壤调理剂又称土壤结构改良剂,简称土壤改良剂,如腐殖酸类、聚丙烯酸类等。将土壤调理剂通过屋顶绿化单元10的渗透结构潜渗注入混合层101中,可调节混合层101的PH值,土壤微生物数量和种类,促进土壤中多种酶的活性,改善土壤水、肥、气和热状况,促进植物茁壮生长,进而减少农药和化肥使用,提高植物的品质、产量和安全,和环境保护的双重福利。
更进一步,在屋顶绿化单元10上均安装有检测周边空气和土壤的温度传感器、检测周边空气和土壤的湿度传感器、检测土壤肥料成分和含量的传感器、检测土壤PH值的传感器、检测光照的传感器、空气成分检测传感器、空气流向与流速检测器、监测植物生长与病虫害视频仪等传感器。这些传感器与智能化单元联接,并将检测数据和监测情况及时传送到智能化控制单元,所述的智能化单元通过卫星通讯、网络通讯和5G通讯与云计算机中心联接,并进行数据传输,控制消毒子系统、施肥子系统、灌溉子系统。
更进一步,施肥子系统与城乡化粪池、沼气池44、污水池和污水管网通过封闭的管网连接。化粪池、沼气池、污水池可收集易腐变质有机废弃物,如人类粪尿、畜禽粪尿、屠宰场废弃物、食品加工产生的下脚料、餐厨废弃物等一种或多种,并进行厌氧性发酵,产生沼气、沼液和沼渣。沼气可进一步分离出甲烷和一氧化碳混合气体、二氧化碳和恶臭气体。甲烷和一氧化碳混合气体可作清洁能源;二氧化碳气体和恶臭气体,可作气态肥料,进行分别收集,压缩至储罐中,或者通过封闭管网输送。沼液可通过封闭的管网高效安全输送,经过屋顶绿化单元10底部的渗透结构,施肥子系统将沼液渗透灌入屋顶绿化单元10的混合层101中。因沼液中含有多种微生物,能将混合层101的有机物转化为优质的有机质肥料,将混合层101改良成优质土壤,达到双重性土壤增肥和双重性土壤改良。同时沼液含有多种水溶性养分,是一种速效性的优质肥料,除含有丰富的氮、磷、钾、硫等植物生长量大的元素外,还含有钙、铁、铜、锌等微量元素和以动、植物生长有调控作用及对某些病虫害有杀灭作用的生物活性物质,如氨基酸、生长素、赤霉素、纤维素酸、单糖、腐殖酸和某些抗菌素等。它们对农作物的生长发育具有重要的调控作用,参与了农作物从种子发芽、植株长大、开花到结果的整个过程。如赤霉素可以刺激种子提早发芽和农作物茎、叶快速生长;生长素能促进种子发芽,提高发芽率,可使果树有效防止落花、落果,提高坐果率;单糖可提高农作物的抗旱能力;游离氨基酸可使农作物在低温时免受冻害;某些维生素能增强农作物的抗病能力。
更进一步,施肥子系统给屋顶绿化单元10渗透注入沼液时,可紧随高温蒸气消毒后,充分利用土壤的余热,实现较高温度条件下加快和加深混合层101中的一些有机物分解和代谢成植物可吸收的有机肥。或者,同时向屋顶绿化单元10渗透注入沼液和高温蒸气,并通过调控高温蒸气输入温度和输入量,可方便调节屋顶绿化单元10内的温度;或者同时可向屋顶绿化单元10渗透注入沼液和该生物制剂,更进一步加快和加深混合层101中的有机成分转化为植物可吸收的有机肥,同时这种有机肥能降缓混合层101中所含的重金属对种植植物的危害,即进一步深度改良混合层101为优质土壤,易实现手中植物的重金属含量的安全可靠性。更深入地,智库团队根据自己的经验和研究数据,可调控沼液和该生物制剂的两者浓度、输入量及配比,可以便捷地针对不同种类废弃物实施应用实践,获取更真实的实践数据,来检验智库团队根据自己的经验和研究的数据,并进一步提升混合层101改造成优质土壤的数据和方案,做到废弃物资源最优化利用。
更进一步,由于废弃有机物17、污泥18中会有大量纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、果胶。这些物质通常条件下需要较长时间才能降解。启动消毒子系统给屋顶绿化单元10渗透注入纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和果胶降解的生物制剂,促进纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和果胶降解为有机肥。
更进一步,在经过上述处理的屋顶绿化单元10中播种种子,或种植幼苗。装在屋顶绿化单元10上的视频监视器、温度、湿度、光照、空气流向和流速、土壤养料成分与含量等传感器检测到的数据传输种植控制单元,控制单元又通过网络、卫星或5G传输至云计算机进行存储、运算等处理,智库团队依据各专家的知识体系和科学实研,积累了各种植物植保与养护的数据,制定多种方案,初步构建模型,在云计算机内,编制植保与养护的调控程序,对消毒子系统、灌溉子系统、施肥子系统控制。智能团队操控云计算机进行大数据分析、归纳等处理,制定科学的方案,使用智能化设施及时为种植在屋顶绿化单元10的植物提供灌溉、施肥、高温保护、低温保护、病虫害防治等植保与养护。
进一步,当屋顶绿化单元10的土壤含水量到达最低阀值时,灌溉子系统启动,通过屋顶绿化单元10的渗透结构向屋顶绿化单元10中混合层101渗入水,播种种子或移植幼苗,灌入水量宜浸透全部混合层101,使表层土壤湿润,确保播种出苗率或种植幼苗成活率。出苗后或者种植幼苗成活后,植物逐渐成长,采取减少单次灌入水量,增加灌水频次,达到减少表层土壤水分量而下层土壤湿润,促进植株根系向土壤深层生长,增强植株抗风、抗温度变化等抗逆性能力;同时,因表层土壤含水分量少,可减少土壤水分蒸发,从而达到比喷灌、滴灌更加节水。更可以深入调控植物不同生育阶段供水,可促进植物更大收获。如水稻在灌浆期,白天排水晒田——晚上灌水保温,这种通过供水排水与光照的强弱相结合,实现控温的方式,能加速水稻籽粒饱满、优质和增产。
更进一步,不同的植物对水量的需求有很大差别;即使同一类植物,因品种对水需求量也有差异;同一植物不同生育时期对水量需求也不尽相同。同时,由于降雨、空气的流动方向与速度,温度、湿度、光照强度等因素作用,该智能化植保与养护系统,智库团队应用智能设施,可对每一个屋顶绿化单元10实施动态的灌溉实验数据,来检验智库团队根据自己的经验和先前实验的的灌溉数据,并进一步升级灌溉数据。如此多次循环,可实现科学的灌溉数据和方案。
更进一步,因大雨或连续降雨,屋顶绿化单元10内有积水,湿度传感器检测的数据传输给云计算机,云计算机经过数据存储、运算、分析,发出指令,启动灌水子系统为潜排方式,抽出屋顶绿化单元10内的水,存放于同类水质的水池中以备循环利用。
更进一步,该系统能充分资源化利用污水灌溉屋顶绿化单元10。污水泛指在生产和生活中排放水的总称。按来源,可分为生活污水、工业废水和初期降水等。这些污水中含有多种有机成份,可经过厌氧生化处理,转化为植物可吸收利用的有机肥,这样既能有效减少污水排放量,又可节省施肥于屋顶绿化单元10的各种肥料使用量和节省优质灌溉用水。并且因采用潜渗注入下层土壤及植物根系中,在下层土壤、水、空隙、微生物、酶、植物根系等综合作用,能将污水厌氧生化处理过程中产生的物质保持、吸附、溶解、降解和消化等综合作用,供植物逐步吸收。而上层土壤和覆膜21能有效封存污水产生的各种挥发物质,既能充分资源化利用污水,又能减少污水厌氧生化处理过程中产生的挥发物散发,达到较高层级的废弃物资源化利用,即营建利用废弃物类型。污水的资源化利用,也减少了优质水的消耗。
更进一步,屋顶绿化单元10中的植物不断吸收土壤中的肥料,肥料成分与含量的传感器实时将检测的数据传输给云计算机,会及时给植物施各种所需养分。施肥子系统与多种肥料生产厂或储罐或管道相联。其中,肥料为有机肥;或者,所述肥料为化肥;或者,所述肥料为生物肥;或者,所述肥料为气态肥。
更进一步,施肥子系统与氨气生产厂或储罐或管道(此处储罐或管道是指储存氨气的储罐或管道)相联,通过渗透结构向屋顶绿化单元10的下层土壤中及植物根系间潜渗注入适当的氨气(气态肥的一种),在下层土壤、水、空隙、微生物、植物根系的共同作用能将氨气保持、吸附、溶解和硝化等综合作用在下层土壤中,供植物逐渐吸收。而上层土壤和覆膜21能封存氨气,防止氨气散失空气中,最后被植物逐步吸收。既可避免传统氮肥,如硫酸铵,氯化铵所造成土壤酸化与板结等弊端,又可减少传统施肥对大气的污染,还可利用氨气这一高效肥料。
更进一步,施肥子系统与各种垃圾、污水处理、沼气工程等产生的恶臭气体管道或储罐相联。这类恶臭气体中含有氨气、硫化氢、胺类、硫醇类、硫醚类等混合气体,现有处理方法难度大,成本高,且会造成二次污染。本发明特别提出将该类恶臭气体进行资源化利用,将该类恶臭气体通过渗透结构潜渗注入屋顶绿化单元10的中、下层土壤中及植物根系间,在土壤、水、空隙、植物根系、酶、微生物等综合作用下,能将此恶臭气体保持、吸附、溶解、降解和消化等综合作用,最终转化为植物所需的养分和让植物吸收利用;上层土壤和覆膜21起到封存该类恶臭气体,防止该类恶臭气体散失空气中,实现多重环境保护。不同的植物对各元素养分需求量有很大差别;即使同一类植物,因品种对各元素养分需求量也有差异;同一植物不同生育时期对各元素养分浓度和量需求也不尽相同,通过控制该类气体的浓度和量,可以适当添加空气进行稀释,或者利用消毒子系统增加中下土壤中降解和消化该类恶臭气体的真菌,如噬硫菌、噬磷菌和硝化菌等,可更进一步促进该类恶臭气体高效转化为植物吸收的养分。并且智库团队利用所述智能化设施实践过程又积累数据,归纳、总结出各类植物生育周期与各类恶臭气体利用的函数关系,建全各类恶臭气体资源化利用方案,深化恶臭气体资源利用的层级,促进人类可持续发展。更进一步,智库团队可以通过智能化设施,进行扩展性研究与试验,扩大其它种类气体肥转化为植物吸收的养分,做出创新性贡献。
更进一步,施肥子系统与氨基酸肥料生产厂或储罐(此处储罐是指储存氨基酸肥料的储罐)相联通。氨基酸肥广泛采用畜禽屠宰厂的场下脚料(废弃的碎肉、皮、毛、蹄角、血液等)、制革厂的碎皮下脚料、人发渣、油脂加工的饼粕、海产品加工的下脚料、味精厂的废液、淀粉厂的废液等,可有效资源化利用,生产含有碳、氢、氧、氮、硫、磷元素的多种氨基酸成分,通过渗透结构直接潜渗注入至屋顶绿化单元10土壤中和植物根系间,能增强植物代谢功能和抗逆能力,改善土壤理化性状,提高保水保肥力和透气性能,起到养护、改良土壤的多重作用。
更进一步,施肥子系统还与微生物肥料生产厂或储罐(此处储罐是指储存微生物肥料的储罐)相联通,如根瘤菌肥料、固氮菌肥料、磷细菌肥料等,通过渗透结构潜渗注入植物根系间,将空气中的氮气、土壤中的惰性磷元素、惰性钾元素转化为植物可吸收的养分,促进和调节植物生长,有利于减少化肥的使用,从而实现环境友好。
更进一步,施肥子系统还与一元元素养分的化肥,如氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、硒肥、锌肥等生产厂或储罐相联通,可以作智库团队对种植单元实现靶向施肥和调节土壤肥力平衡的补充选择,真正做到用地与养地相结合、投入与产出相平衡的种植模式。
更进一步,不同的植物对肥料需求的种类和分量有很大差别;即使同一类植物,因品种对肥料需求的种类和分量也有差异;同一植物不同生育时期对肥料需求的种类和分量也不尽相同。同时,由于降雨、空气的流动方向与速度,温度、湿度、光照强度等因素作用,该智能化植保与养护系统,智库团队应用智能设施,可对每一个屋顶绿化单元10实施动态的施肥实验数据,来检验智库团队根据自己的经验和先前实验的施肥大数据,并进一步升级各肥料种类、数量和比率,特别是施入各有机肥料、生物肥和酶等物质中的活性分子对植物的促进作用,更深入地精细到肥料中各元素种类与比率的大数据。如此多次循环,可实现科学的施肥数据和方案。突破传统农业的粗放性,使得实现数字化农业。
更进一步,夏天气温高,阳光强烈,屋顶暴晒,屋顶绿化单元10及其周边空气气温迅速升高,极有可能会超过植物的耐温程度,而致使植物停止生长,进一步会灼伤植物甚至导致植株死亡。在温度传感器、光照传感器共同检测的数据作用下,系统启动抗高温植保模式,给屋顶绿化单元10的土壤中及植物根系间大量输入低温空气、甚至冷气,使植物根系、土壤及周边空气(含植物地上部位)降温,并适量增加土壤中的水分,促进植物蒸腾作用,带走植物体内与植物周边空气热量,确保植物在最佳生长温度条件下迅速生长。
更进一步,北方冬天的寒冷,人们习惯对植物罩上防冻保护层。高耸于地面的屋顶,更易受寒风浸蚀,仅罩止防冻保护层,仍难以保证植物不会冻死。本系统可向屋顶绿化单元10的土壤及植物根系和保护罩通暖气,防止植物冻死。通入的暖气是利用废热水、废热气产生的。
更进一步,消毒子系统与提供农药、生物酶剂、抗菌剂、抗虫剂等的管道或储罐相联,消毒子系统通过渗透结构向屋顶绿化单元10的中下层土壤渗入农药、生物酶剂、抗菌剂、抗虫剂等于植物根系间,激发植物生命活力,增加植物防虫抗病毒能力,增添屋顶绿化、美化环境的效果。
更进一步,灌溉子系统和施肥子系统联合作用,可对屋顶绿化单元10进行水肥共;灌溉子系统和消毒子系统联合作用,对屋顶绿化单元10实施水与药、水与生物酶剂、水与抗菌剂、水与抗虫剂等共施。三个子系统联合作用,为屋顶绿化单元10实现更科学创新的植保与养护。
特别说明,灌溉子系统与消毒子系统联合作用,定期用高压脉冲式清洁水与空气混合流体,清除其渗透结构内的滞留物,维护与保养渗透结构通水、气、肥液畅顺和较长使用周期。
进一步地,灌溉子系统与城镇供水系统和排水系统、乡村水网和水库相连接,灌溉子系统用于收集生产与生活所产生的废水污水并转化为灌溉用水,还可利用自然水资源、污水、雨水和再生水。
种一种植物收获后,植物的根系、残茎、残枝、败叶、植物根系分泌的有毒物质和植物生长过程中感染的病毒与细菌均残留在屋顶绿化单元10的土壤中,会影响再种植相同植物,阻碍其生长发育,甚至出现病虫害,造成严重的品质下降和减产。因此,几千年的农耕文明总结出了轮作制和套种制技术。本发明特提出:种植某种植物收获后,翻耕屋顶绿化单元10的土壤,并采用消毒与杀菌(如上所述采用消毒剂,或者,采用高温蒸汽消毒),同时通入沼液、或土壤调理剂、或生物制剂等加速植物的根系、残茎、残枝、败叶、植物根系分泌的有毒物质和植物生长过程中感染的病毒与细菌转化为有机肥。更可向屋顶绿化单元10的土壤中潜渗注入土壤调理剂或者氨基酸肥等进行土壤改良,突破几千年的农耕文明总结出来轮作制和套种制技术,实现同种植物连耕连作的种植模式,并达到优质与高产(因同一个种植单元的种植条件与气候因素最相近,按理推导出:将植物的根系、残茎、残枝、败叶、植物根系分泌的有毒物质和植物生长过程中感染的病毒与细菌转化为有机肥,种植同类植物更易获得优质与高产)。
更进一步地,屋顶绿化单元10包括旱作型屋顶绿化单元、人造湿地型屋顶绿化单元、人造浮床型屋顶绿化单元和人造沉床型屋顶绿化单元,旱作型屋顶绿化单元、人造湿地型屋顶绿化单元、人造浮床型屋顶绿化单元和人造沉床型屋顶绿化单元串联、并联或交叉关联,以实现对建筑物排放的污水进行循环净化;旱作型屋顶绿化单元、人造湿地型屋顶绿化单元、人造浮床型屋顶绿化单元和人造沉床型屋顶绿化单元均与沼气工程(沼气工程可以是外界环境中的沼气发生设施)相连接,以实现将建筑物内产生的废弃有机物通过沼气工程进行利用,并使得建筑物实现污水和废弃有机物零排放。具体为:在屋顶绿化单元10中填入不同量的混合层101,并灌入建筑物排放的发酵处理后污水,构成旱作型、人造湿地型、人造浮床型和人造沉床型四种类型的屋顶绿化单元10。在上述四种类型的屋顶绿化单元10种旱作植物(如苋菜、南瓜等)植湿地植物(如芦苇、石菖蒲、香蒲、千屈菜、黄花鸢尾、水葱、美人蕉等)、水浮植物(如水浮莲、睡莲、海芋、水芹菜、多花黑麦草、凤眼莲等)和水沉植物(如金鱼藻、狐尾藻、轮藻等),将多个四种类型的屋顶绿化单元10串联或并联或交叉等形式排列组合起来,可将建筑物排放的污水进行循环型深度净化为优质水;结合沼气工程,将建筑物内产生的废弃有机物采用沼气工程进行资源综合利用,从而实现建筑物污水和废弃有机物零排放。达到更高层次的环境保护。
在本申请的另一个实施例中,如图3所示,在种植单元包括绿化带单元20时,绿化带单元20还包括第二石块层22、第二石砾层23和第二砂粒层24,渗透结构还包括用于埋设于绿化带下的第二多孔管21,消毒子系统、施肥子系统和灌溉子系统的输出端均与第二多孔管21相连接,第二石块层22、第二石砾层23和第二砂粒层24由内至外逐序环设于第二多孔管21的外周。
在本申请的另一个实施例中,如图3所示,在种植单元包括绿化带单元20时,渗透结构由第二多孔管21,第二石块层22,第二石砾层23,第二砂砾层24共同构成,既能让水、气和肥液等进出第二多孔管21内外,又能有效阻止绿化带单元20的土壤细小颗粒进入多孔管21内,有效保证多孔管21畅通。多孔管连续、迂回铺设于绿化带单元地下,如50cm~120cm处,其进口端与消毒子系统、灌溉子系统和施肥子系统(图未示)相联。第二多孔管21另一端封堵,成为独立的种植单元,或与下一第二多孔管21进行联接,构成两个或两个以上的绿化带单元20串联式的种植单元。
进一步,第二石块层22为粒径大一些的石块、沸石、陶粒、煤灰球、矿渣球等一种或多种,如粒径30mm~40mm的,其缝隙数量少而间隙大;第二石砾23为粒径小一些的石块、沸石、陶粒、煤灰球、矿渣球等一种或多种,如粒径15mm~25mm的,其形成的缝隙数量多而间隙要小一些;所述第二砂粒层24为粒径更小一些的砂石、沸石、陶粒、煤灰球、矿渣球等一种或多种,如粒径5mm~12mm的,其形成的缝隙数量更多而间隙要更小一些。第二石块层22、第二石砾层23和第二砂砾层24围绕第二多孔管21周围,由里向外铺设而成,构成不同间隙特征的缝隙,能将水、气和肥液等均衡施加于绿化带单元20土壤中,同时又能阻止土壤细小颗粒渗入所述的多孔管21中,从而构成有较长使用寿命的第三种渗透结构。特别说明:第二石块层22,第二石砾层23,第二砂粒层24可优选采用废弃的石块、废弃的沸石、废弃的砂石、陶粒、煤灰球或矿渣球一种或多种构筑,因陶粒、煤灰球或矿渣球均属废弃物资源化利用的产物;多孔管21可优先采用废弃塑料、橡胶、矿渣、金属等材料制作。因此第三种渗透结构优选采用废弃物进行资源化构筑,实行资源化循环再利用。
更进一步,绿化带单元20的渗透结构下面铺有防渗层58,防渗层58能有效防止上层的水、气、肥液等向地下渗透,防止下层土壤和地下水受污染,同时提高渗入绿化带单元20土壤中的水、气、肥液等物质充分利用,获得双重环保功效。进一步地,绿化带单元20的地表上方可铺设人行道28、自行车道25和机动车道27,其中自行车道25和机动车道27之间用路肩26隔开。
更进一步,在如图3所示的第二砂粒层24上,填入一层粉碎的废弃有机物17、一层污泥18和一层泥土19的组合方式,交替填充至绿化带单元20的地平线为止。有机废弃物17可因地制宜,可以是园林与庭院绿化的落叶、修剪的枝叶、残花败叶等相关废弃物,或是餐厨垃圾、或是商贸菜市废弃的食品、果蔬,或沼渣一种或多种粉碎物;污泥18为污水处理过程中产生的沉淀物,或者是塘泥;泥土19为就近获取的种植土壤。这样,将废弃有机物17、污泥18资源化,并与泥土19组合,实施土壤改良。废弃有机物17、污泥18和泥土19多次交替成为混合层101,交替次数越多,混合层101的均质化越好,更有利土壤改良和废弃物资源化利用效果,促进环境保护和环境美化。
更进一步,智库团队根据废弃有机物17、污泥18、泥土19、污水和垃圾填埋的渗液五者的特性和所含的各种物质成分与含量,特别是五者中的重金属、有毒有机物的成分与含量,结合超级净化植物如美人蕉、芦苇、菖蒲等性状特征,进行综合考量,在绿化带单元20上种植大量超级净化植物,既可增加废弃有机物17,污泥18中的在混合层101中的比例,又增加垃圾填埋的渗液,综合无害化处理量。这样,可突出绿化带单元20消耗破坏环境的废物和绿化美化环境。
更进一步地,绿化带单元20包括旱作型绿化带单元、人造湿地型绿化带单元、人造浮床型绿化带单元和人造沉床型绿化带单元,旱作型绿化带单元、人造湿地型绿化带单元、人造浮床型绿化带单元和人造沉床型绿化带单元串联、并联或交叉关联,以实现对城乡排放的污水进行循环净化;旱作型屋顶绿化单元、人造湿地型屋顶绿化单元、人造浮床型屋顶绿化单元和人造沉床型屋顶绿化单元均与屋顶绿化单元和沼气工程相连接,以实现将城乡产生的废弃有机物通过所述沼气工程进行利用,并使得城乡实现污水和废弃有机物零排放。具体是:在绿化带单元20中填入不同量的混合层101,并灌入建筑物排放的发酵处理后污水,构成旱作型、人造湿地型、人造浮床型和人造沉床型四种类型的绿化带单元20。在上述四种类型的绿化带单元20里种植旱作植物(如苋菜、南瓜等)植湿地植物(如芦苇、石菖蒲、香蒲、千屈菜、黄花鸢尾、水葱、美人蕉等)、水浮植物(如水浮莲、睡莲、海芋、水芹菜、多花黑麦草、凤眼莲等)和水沉植物(如金鱼藻、狐尾藻、轮藻等),将多个四种类型的绿化带单元20串联或并联或交叉等形式排列组合起来,可将城乡排放的污水进行循环型深度净化为优质水;沼气工程,将建筑物内产生的废弃有机物采用沼气工程进行资源综合利用,从而实现城乡污水和废弃有机物零排放。形成不同特色的绿化带单元类型,增添了绿化与美化景观的元素,实现了多重福利,达到更高层次的环境保护。
利用屋顶绿化单元和绿化带单元与沼气工程相结合,以实现对废弃物的循环利用,实现零排放废弃物和环保绿化型的建筑物的技术方案。同样,消毒子系统、施肥子系统、灌溉子系统及智能化控制单元在绿化带单元20中的作用和操作内容与上文类似,此处不做赘述。
在本申请的另一个实施例中,如图4所示,在种植单元包括大棚改良单元40时,大棚改良单元40包括种植大棚41,渗透结构包括多孔肋板42,多孔肋板42埋设于种植大棚下,多孔肋板42的下方开设有储肥池43、沼气池44和蓄水池45,储肥池43、沼气池44和蓄水池45间隔设置,且储肥池43与蓄水池45分别与施肥子系统和灌溉子系统相连通。而沼气池44可将有机废弃物,如植物的黄叶、败枝、秸秆、果壳,人类粪尿和畜禽粪便等,包括大棚改良单元产出的废弃有机物发酵制造沼气、沼液和沼渣。沼气池44收集废气有机物和污水,并通过废热实现加温以产生沼气、沼液和沼渣,且沼气经分离形成甲烷气体与一氧化碳气体的混合气体、恶臭气体和用于提升植物光合作用效率的二氧化碳气体。施肥子系统与恶臭气体管道或储罐相联,恶臭气体通过渗透结构渗入种植单元的中、下层土壤及植物根系间,以在土壤、水、空隙、植物根系、酶和微生物的综合作用下转化为植物所需的养分和让植物吸收利用;沼液和沼渣进入储肥池作储备肥料,以实现废弃物、废热和污水的资源化综合利用。具体地是:沼气可分离出甲烷及一氧化碳混合气体、二氧化碳气体和恶臭气体;甲烷及一氧化碳混合气体为清洁能源;二氧化碳气体可作气态肥资源化利用,详见下文所述;恶臭气体也可作气态肥资源化利用,如上文所述,此处不做赘述。而沼液和沼渣又可作为大棚的种植肥料加以利用,储肥池43即可将肥料储存起来,以供需要时取用,实现土地资源立体化利用和废气资源循环利用,达到多重环保。
进一步地,多孔肋板42上铺设有30~60cm厚的传统种植土壤,或者优选为上文所述的混合层101,以便于种植农作物。同时,为稳固起见,多孔肋板42下还可铺设有承重板46。
进一步地,还可将二氧化碳气体作为肥料通过多孔肋板42的开孔以渗涌的形式通入种植大棚41内,从而提高种植大棚内二氧化碳的密度,有利于植物的叶面更易吸收更多二氧化碳气体;与此同时,还向植物的根系及土壤通入空气,增强植物根系及土壤呼吸和活力(加入氧气,排出二氧化碳),从而加速植物吸收大棚空气中的二氧化碳气体的速度,促进植物的光合作用效率,消耗二氧化碳温室气体,从而实现降低温室效应和植物增产丰收的双重效应。
具体地,种植大棚内还可安装有二氧化碳传感器,这样二氧化碳传感器即可实现对种植大棚内二氧化碳的浓度的监测,进而智能控制单元即可根据二氧化碳传感器所回传的数据来控制种植大棚内二氧化碳的浓度的增减。具体地,可通过多孔肋板42实现对二氧化碳的释放和抽吸。
同时,大棚改良单元40包括旱作型大棚改良单元、人造湿地型大棚改良单元、人造浮床型大棚改良单元和人造沉床型大棚改良单元,旱作型大棚改良单元、人造湿地型大棚改良单元、人造浮床型大棚改良单元和人造沉床型大棚改良单元串联、并联或交叉关联,以实现对农乡排放的污水进行循环净化;旱作型大棚改良单元、人造湿地型大棚改良单元、人造浮床型大棚改良单元和人造沉床型大棚改良单元均与屋顶绿化单元、绿化带单元和沼气工程相连接,以实现将城乡产生的废弃有机物通过所述沼气工程进行利用,并使得城乡实现污水和废弃有机物零排放。
具体是:如图8所示,在我国北方,由于冬季气温较低,在第二年春播时,沼气池44内的温度4度以下,沼气发酵几乎停止后不能制造沼气、沼液和沼渣。此时可利用废热加热沼气池44,或者利用该沼气池44先前产出的沼气、并分离出来的甲烷及一氧化碳混合气体燃烧加热沼气池44。加温至10度~25度为低温发酵,可制造沼气、沼液和沼渣;或者再加温至25.1度~45度为中温发酵,可加快制造沼气、沼液和沼渣;继续加温至45.1度~72度为高温发酵,可迅速制造沼气、沼液和沼渣。沼气发酵能有效杀灭沼气原料中的病毒、虫卵、杂草种子、细菌等有害物;并且发酵温度越高,杀灭病毒、虫卵、杂草种子、细菌等有害物的效果越好。杀灭病毒、虫卵、细菌等,有利于土壤卫生和减少病虫侵害植物,从而会减少植物生长过程中杂草使用除草剂,从而也会减少植物生长过程中农药的使用量,从而减少农药对环境污染。杀灭杂草种子,可消除杂草生长,从而会减少植物生长过程中因杂草丛生而使用除草剂;杀灭病毒、虫卵、细菌等,有利于土壤卫生和减少病虫侵害植物,从而也会减少植物生长过程中农药的使用量,达到减少农药对环境污染,将废弃物、废热资源化综合利用;或者,利用甲烷和一氧化碳混合气体燃烧给沼气池加热,加速沼气、沼液和沼渣转化;同时,利用沼气中分离的甲烷和一氧化碳混合气体燃烧给大棚加热提温,并且利用甲烷和一氧化碳混合气体燃烧产生的二氧化碳提升大棚改良单元40内的二氧化碳浓度;与此同时,还向植物的根系及土壤通入空气,增强植物根系及土壤呼吸和活力(加入氧气,排出二氧化碳),从而加速植物叶面吸收大棚空气中的二氧化碳气体的速度,促进植物的光合作用效率,消耗二氧化碳温室气体,从而实现降低温室效应和植物增产丰收的双重效应。从而可实现一年四季种植--------沼气工程的循环运转。甲烷和一氧化碳混合气体燃烧产生的二氧化碳提升大棚改良单元40内的二氧化碳浓度,属废气资源化在利用措施,且二氧化碳属温室气体,直接减少了二氧化碳排放空气中;实现多重环保和农业可持续发展。
更进一步,施肥子系统与各种垃圾、污水处理、沼气工程等产生的恶臭气体管道或储罐相联。这类恶臭气体中含有氨气、硫化氢、胺类、硫醇类、硫醚类等混合气体,现有处理方法难度大,成本高,且会造成二次污染。本发明特别提出将该类恶臭气体进行资源化利用,将该类恶臭气体通过渗透结构潜渗注入大棚改良单元40的中、下层土壤中及植物根系间,在土壤、水、空隙、植物根系、酶、微生物等综合作用下,能将此恶臭气体保持、吸附、溶解、降解和消化等综合作用,最终转化为植物所需的养分和让植物吸收利用;上层土壤和覆膜21起到封存该类恶臭气体,防止该类恶臭气体散失空气中,实现多重环境保护。
不同的植物对各元素养分需求量有很大差别;即使同一类植物,因品种对各元素养分需求量也有差异;同一植物不同生育时期对各元素养分浓度和量需求也不尽相同,通过控制该类气体的浓度和量,可以适当添加空气进行稀释,或者利用消毒子系统增加中下土壤中降解和消化该类恶臭气体的真菌,如噬硫菌、噬磷菌和硝化菌等,可更进一步促进该类恶臭气体高效转化为植物吸收的养分。并且智库团队利用所述智能化设施实施氨气、恶臭气体和二氧化碳三种气态肥实践过程中又积累了大量数据,归纳、总结出各类植物生育周期与三种气体利用的函数关系,建全三种气体资源化利用方案,深化三种气体资源利用的层级,促进人类可持续发展。更进一步,智库团队可以通过智能化设施,进行扩展性研究与试验,扩大其它种类气体肥转化为植物吸收的养分,做出创新性贡献。
值得再次强调的是,种一种植物收获后,植物的根系、残茎、残枝、败叶、植物根系分泌的有毒物质和植物生长过程中感染的病毒与细菌均残留在大棚改良单元40的土壤中,会影响再种植相同植物,阻碍其生长发育,甚至出现病虫害,造成严重的品质下降和减产。因此,几千年的农耕文明总结出了轮作制和套种制技术。本发明特提出:种植某种植物收获后,翻耕大棚改良单元40的土壤,并采用消毒与杀菌(如上所述采用消毒剂,或者,采用高温蒸汽消毒),同时通入沼液、或土壤调理剂、或生物制剂等加速植物的根系、残茎、残枝、败叶、植物根系分泌的有毒物质和植物生长过程中感染的病毒与细菌转化为有机肥。更可向大棚改良单元40的土壤中潜渗注入土壤调理剂或者氨基酸肥等物质进行土壤改良,突破几千年的农耕文明总结出来轮作制和套种制技术,实现同种植物连耕连作的种植模式,并达到优质与高产(因同一个种植单元的种植条件与气候因素最相近,按理推导出:将植物的根系、残茎、残枝、败叶、植物根系分泌的有毒物质和植物生长过程中感染的病毒与细菌转化为有机肥,种植同类植物更易获得优质与高产)。
同样,智能设施在大棚改良单元40中的作用和操作内容与上文类似,此处不赘述。
在本申请的另一个实施例中,如图4所示,大棚改良单元40还包括第二连接管,第二连接管的一端伸入储肥池43内,第二连接管的另一端与消毒子系统、施肥子系统和灌溉子系统相连接。多孔肋板42的一侧开设有蓄水池45,蓄水池45对应于种植大棚41的下边缘设置。具体地,蓄水池45积蓄雨水等其他水源,能有效利用降雨减少远距离输水能源消耗,降低灌溉成本,实现对水资源的高效利用。
在本申请的另一个实施例中,如图5所示,农田改良单元30的混合成101与上文屋顶绿化单元10中所述的结构和改良为优质土壤的过程相同,此处不做赘述。渗透结构由第三多孔管31,第三石块层32,第三石砾层33,第三砂石层34,其结构与上文中绿化带单元30渗透结构相同,此处不做赘述。该渗透结构如上述的相同,仍定义为第三种渗透结构。农田改良单元30还包括支撑板35,支撑板35埋设于第三多孔管31的下方,支撑板35的下方开设有与露天池塘115相连通的养殖池36,支撑板35通过若干支撑柱37支撑于养殖池36上方。这样,支撑板35可首先将第三多孔管31和养殖池36隔离开,避免土壤中的水、肥料或恶臭气体等渗入到养殖池36内。而养殖池36与露天池塘115相连通,这样便实现了立体的养殖空间,在秋冬水位下降时,养殖池36由于地势较低,露天池塘115的水液112可流入养殖池36内,使得养殖池36即使在秋冬水位下降时也会存有大量水,且可受到第三多孔管31的高温水蒸气的保温作用,以便对水生动物进行冬季养殖。同时,在夏季时,由于养殖池36位于支撑板35下方,这样可提供较为阴凉的水生环境,以为水生动物提供较为优良的生存养殖环境。可以理解地,农田改良单元30还可包括有沼气池,储肥池等。露天池塘115的水面可以养殖水禽,农田改良单元30的一部分可用于养殖畜禽,养殖池36和露天池塘115也具备收集雨水的功能,将雨水转化为养殖用水,养殖用水可用于农田灌溉,这样,水资源实现循环利用。还可将沼气工程与种植养植结合的循环模式,农业生产的废弃物,如秸杆、果壳、畜禽粪便等转化为沼气、沼液、沼渣。沼气可进一步分离出甲烷和一氧化碳混合气体、二氧化碳和恶臭气体。甲烷和一氧化碳混合气体为优质清洁能源;二氧化碳气体和恶臭气体进行分别收集,压缩至储罐内,或者通过封闭管道输送可作气态肥资源再利用。沼液、沼渣都可作为水产养植饲料;通过本智能化植保与养护系统,提升种植——畜禽养殖——沼气工程——水产养殖循环产业模式。
更进一步,农田改良单元30可在混合层101表面覆盖一层反射型覆膜301,反射型覆膜301可将穿透农作物的光线反射到农作物的叶、茎和枝的背面,增强农作物的光合作用;反射型覆膜301还具有与上文所述覆膜102的用法和作用相同,在此不赘述的。支撑板35和支撑柱37优先采用废弃的矿渣、废弃的砂石、废弃的纤维或废弃的瓷片等一种或多种制成,实行资源化循环利用。
特别说明:农田改良单元30更重视农作物的安全与卫生和农田保护,确保食品卫生安全与健康条件下,适度利用较精细的分类和危害物含量低一些的污水、污泥、有机废弃物资源化利用。如果农田改良单元30选用的混合层101的重金属量比例较高,或者农田改良单位30原土壤已遭受重金属污染,可采取种植重金属超量积累植物,如蜈松草、东南景天、球果
Figure 850a
菜、艾蒿等对铜、砷、镉等重金属吸取到体内,随后刈割地上部并进行集中处理,萃取处理提取各金属。连续与交叉种植该类植物,能进一步净化农田改良单元30优质土壤为优质良田,可确保生产农作物的卫生与安全。同时,在农田改良单元30中,亦可实现基于土壤消毒杀菌与改良的连耕连作。其有益效果上文中已做阐述,此处不做赘述。同样,消毒子系统、施肥子系统、灌溉子系统和智能化控制单元在农田改良单元30中的作用和操作内容与上文类似,此处不做赘述。
在本申请的另一个实施例中,如图6所示,在种植单元包括沿海滩塗改良单元50时,(该系统同样适用于盐碱地),沿海滩塗改良单元50具有多个且由隔板隔开,各沿海滩塗改良单元50均包括填充淤泥52,渗透结构包括若干渗管51,渗管51基体采用塑料管、水泥管、橡胶管、陶瓷管等制成,外壁附有复合网膜结构59,复合网膜结构59均镀有铜、银等纯金属或者合金,以防止淤泥52和沙粒侵入渗管51内和植物根系对渗管51的穿刺和堵塞,确保渗管51有较长的寿命,有利于减少渗管51消耗,促进环保。渗管51定义为第五种渗透结构;渗管51基体优先采用废塑料、废矿渣、废橡胶、废陶瓷等一种或多种制成,实现废弃物资源化再利用,节约优质资源、节省费用和促进环保。各渗管51均与消毒子系统、施肥子系统和灌溉子系统相连接。具体地,渗管51的外壁附有复合网膜结构59,以使得液体和气体能够自由进出管内外,并能够有效阻止淤泥52和砂粒进入管内。同时,应在滩涂53底部铺设一层防渗膜58,渗管51放设于防渗膜58上,再由沿海滩涂53的淤泥52和砂粒回填,回填深度为30cm~100cm,这样即可形成沿海滩涂53农田的土壤。淤泥52和砂粒的盐碱液即可通过渗管51排出,当盐碱液排出后,再通过渗管51渗涌灌溉淡水多次浸洗,或利用雨水多次淋洗,或采用喷灌淡水多次淋洗淤泥52,多次渗排盐碱液,从而降低淤泥52的盐碱含量。防渗膜58能够有效阻止沿海滩涂53底层盐碱渗入淤泥52内,实现淤泥52的低盐碱含量。进一步,当淤泥52的盐碱含量降低至我国独特培育的海水稻能承受范围内时,给沿海滩涂改良单元50消毒后种我国独特培育的水稻,既可解决我国粮食危机,又可改造沿海滩涂改良单元50。
进一步,将海水稻秸秆粉碎后与稻壳等有机废弃物混合,采用沼气工程制沼肥,进一步多次改造沿海滩涂改良单元50为良田;或者,将海水稻秸秆粉碎后与稻壳等有机废弃物混合,旋耕还田,通过渗管50渗入沼液或生物酶剂,促进海水稻秸秆与稻壳等有机物转化为有机肥,进一步多次改造沿海滩塗改良单元50成为良田。进一步可种植优质超级杂交水稻,实现可持续种植模式,彻底解决我国农业土地局限和粮食安全。可以理解地,沿海滩涂53旁具有海防大堤54。防渗膜58优先采用废橡胶、废塑料、废纤维、废金属等一种或多种制成。可以类推的是,沿海滩涂改良单元与消毒子系统、施肥子系统、灌溉子系统等相联接,能对植物实现前面类似的各种智能的植保与养护,此处不做整述。
特别说明,灌溉子系统与消毒子系统联合作用,定期用高压脉冲式清洁水与空气混合流体,清除其渗管51内的滞留物,维护与保养渗管51通水、气、肥液畅顺和较长使用周期。
可选地,如图7所示,在种植单元包括人造净化单元60时,人造净化单元60优先选用沙漠与荒地等贫瘠土地,建造多个30cm~100cm深的用于容置含重金属的废弃物的防渗漏池55,这样可充分利用沙漠、荒地和可避免人造净化单元60的废弃物对沙漠、荒地的污染。防渗漏池55的底部均布设有渗管51,可将污水处理产生的污泥、垃圾焚烧后的灰烬与飞灰、垃圾填埋后产生的渗液等重金属含量高的污染物填入,再于前期投入如氯化铁硫杆菌和氧化亚铁硫杆菌等浸矿细菌,将含重金属污染物转化为可溶解的离子,形成含有重金属离子的渗液。通过渗管51抽取渗液,可回收重金属。通过在同一防渗漏池55投入不同时段投入不同菌种,可分别回收不同重金属。并且,可将多个防渗池55通过水泵57串联起来,循环工作,构成人造净化单元60,净化含重金属比例高的污泥、含重金属比例高的垃圾焚烧后的灰烬与飞灰、含重金属比例高的污水和含重金属比例高的垃圾填埋后的渗液。防渗漏池55优先采用废弃的矿渣、废弃的砂石、废弃的纤维或废弃的瓷片等一种或多种制成,实行资源化循环利用。
进一步地,还可在于后期在防渗漏池55内种植重金属超量积累植物,如蜈松草、东南景天、球果
Figure 850a
菜、艾蒿等对铜、砷、镉等重金属吸取到体内,随后刈割地上部并进行集中处理,萃取处理提取各金属。连续种植该类植物,能进一步净化含重金属比例高的污泥、含重金属比例高的垃圾焚烧后的灰烬与飞灰、含重金属比例高的污水和含重金属比例高的垃圾填埋后的渗液。调节填入防渗漏池55固体(污泥、垃圾焚烧后的灰烬与飞灰)与液体(污水、垃圾填埋后的渗液)的比例,可以创造旱作型、人造湿地型、人造浮床型和人造沉床型四种类型人造净化单元60。
更进一步,在上述旱作型、人造湿地型、人造浮床型和人造沉床型四种人造净化单元60,在该四种人造净化单元60里种植旱作植物(如苋菜、南瓜等)、湿地植物(如芦苇、石菖蒲、香蒲、千屈菜、黄花鸢尾、水葱、美人蕉等)、水浮植物(如水浮莲、睡莲、海芋、水芹菜、多花黑麦草、凤眼莲等)和水沉植物(如金鱼藻、狐尾藻、轮藻等),将多个四种人造净化单元60串联,或并联,或交叉排列组合起来,将污水和垃圾填埋后的渗液进行循环型深度净化,为沙漠、荒地等贫瘠土地环境提供了优质再生水;与此同时,也将污泥、垃圾焚烧后的灰烬与飞灰也净化为优质的土壤。综合利用该类优质再生水和优质土壤施于沙漠与荒地等贫瘠的土地中,并且经过进一步努力,将沙漠与荒地等贫瘠的土地同消毒子系统、施肥子系统、灌溉子系统等相联接,并构筑沼气池、储肥池、蓄水池,及沼气分离工程。同样,消毒子系统、施肥子系统、灌溉子系统和智能化控制单元在人造净化单元60中的作用和操作内容与上文类似,此处不做赘述,将沙漠与荒地等贫瘠土地改造成良田。这样将废弃物无害化、资源化与减量化的处理,同沙漠与荒地等贫瘠土地改造相结合的构思,充分利用本专利所述的智能化植保与养护系统内的智能化团队与智能化设施,进行深度和广度融合,为人类可持续发展开拓出全新的道路。
优选地,渗管51基体采用塑料管、水泥管、橡胶管、陶瓷管等制成,外壁附有复合网膜结构59,复合网膜结构59均镀有铜、银等纯金属或者合金,以防止植物根系对渗管51的穿刺和阻止淤泥56和砂粒对渗管51堵塞,确保渗管51有较长的寿命,有利于减少渗管51消耗,促进环保。
可选地,防渗漏池55旁还可修筑有沼气池44和地下水池,沼气池44可通过发酵农作物废弃物形成沼肥,以对防渗漏池55内种植的植物进行施肥,地下水池可收集雨水或露天水塘内的水,以对防渗漏池55内种植的植物进行灌溉。
人造净化单元50净化含重金属比例高的污泥、含重金属比例高的垃圾焚烧后的灰烬与飞灰、含重金属比例高的污水和含重金属比例高的垃圾填埋后的渗液,并与沼气工程结合的循环并持续增值福利,且实现零排放废弃物。
如图9所示,更进一步说明:第一渗透结构、第二渗透结构、第三渗透结构、四渗透结构、第五渗透结构五种均可互换或者混合使用。利用上述任何一种种植单元与利用智能化设施,均可有效将一些废弃物无害化、资源化和减量化的科学利用。更完善地,将屋顶绿化单元10、绿化带单元20、大棚改良单元40、农田改良单元30、沿海滩涂改良单元50、人造净化单元60与沼气工程,氨基酸肥工程结合,通过灌溉子系统、施肥子系统、消毒子系统、云计算机等结合利用,会创造出新的农业文明和生态文明,促进人与自然和谐,为人类可持续发展提供强劲的动力。
以上仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本申请,凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:包括种植单元、用于提供杀菌消毒剂、高温水蒸汽和农药的消毒子系统、用于将废弃物分类收集并转化为肥料的施肥子系统和用于将废水转化为灌溉水的灌溉子系统,所述种植单元包括屋顶绿化单元、绿化带单元、农田改良单元、大棚改良单元、沿海滩涂改良单元和人造净化单元中的至少一种;
    其中,所述种植单元还包括渗透结构,所述渗透结构与所述消毒子系统、所述施肥子系统和所述灌溉子系统的输出端相连接,所述渗透结构用于将杀菌消毒剂、高温水蒸汽、肥料、农药和水源施于所述屋顶绿化单元、所述绿化带单元、所述农田改良单元、所述大棚改良单元、所述沿海滩涂改良单元和所述人造净化单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:所述灌溉子系统与城镇供排水系统、乡村水网和水库相连接,所述灌溉子系统用于收集废水并转化为灌溉用水。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:所述施肥子系统与城乡排污管道、化粪池和污水管网以及沼气池通过管网相连接,以将所述城乡排污管道的有机废弃物收集并发酵制成肥料并通过所述渗透结构将所述肥料施于所述种植单元。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:所述消毒子系统包括有用于与工厂相连接的管道网,所述管道网用于接收自所述工厂排出的消毒制剂和高温水蒸汽,并用于对所述种植单元的土壤进行杀菌消毒、杀灭虫卵或杀灭杂草种子。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:在所述种植单元包括所述屋顶绿化单元时,所述渗透结构包括第一多孔管和逐序平铺于所述屋顶绿化单元的屋顶绿地内的第一石块层、第一石砾层和第一砂粒层,所述消毒子系统、所述施肥子系统和所述灌溉子系统的输出端均与所述第一多孔管相连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:所述种植单元的土壤于种植完成农作物后,通入消毒剂和高温蒸汽消毒,并通入沼液、土壤调理剂或生物制剂以使得土壤内存在植物的根系、残茎、残枝、败叶以及植物的根系的分泌物转化为有机肥,以使得所述种植单元实现继续种植所述农作物的连耕连作的种植模式。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:所述屋顶绿化单元包括旱作型屋顶绿化单元、人造湿地型屋顶绿化单元、人造浮床型屋顶绿化单元和人造沉床型屋顶绿化单元,所述旱作型屋顶绿化单元、所述人造湿地型屋顶绿化单元、所述人造浮床型屋顶绿化单元和所述人造沉床型屋顶绿化单元串联、并联或交叉关联,以实现对建筑物排放的污水进行循环净化;所述旱作型屋顶绿化单元、所述人造湿地型屋顶绿化单元、所述人造浮床型屋顶绿化单元和所述人造沉床型屋顶绿化单元均与沼气工程相连接,以实现将所述建筑物内产生的废弃有机物通过所述沼气工程进行利用,并使得所述建筑物实现污水和废弃有机物零排放。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:在所述种植单元包括所述屋顶绿化单元时,所述渗透结构还包括多孔隔板,所述多孔隔板设置于所述屋顶绿地下方,且所述多孔隔板的下方形成有容腔,所述容腔与所述消毒子系统、所述施肥子系统和所述灌溉子系统相连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:所述多孔隔板上铺设有砂石层和铺设于所述砂石层上并用于种植屋顶绿植的废弃有机物层、污泥层和泥土层,所述废弃有机物层、所述污泥层和所述泥土层多次交替成混合层。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:在所述种植单元包括所述绿化带单元时,所述绿化带单元还包括第二石块层、第二石砾层和第二砂粒层,所述渗透结构还包括用于埋设于绿化带下的第二多孔管,所述消毒子系统、所述施肥子系统和所述灌溉子系统的输出端均与所述第二多孔管相连接,所述第二石块层、所述第二石砾层和所述第二砂粒层由内至外逐序环设于所述第二多孔管的外周。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:所述绿化带单元包括旱作型绿化带单元、人造湿地型绿化带单元、人造浮床型绿化带单元和人造沉床型绿化带单元,所述旱作型绿化带单元、所述人造湿地型绿化带单元、所述人造浮床型绿化带单元和所述人造沉床型绿化带单元串联、并联或交叉关联,以实现对城乡排放的污水进行循环净化;所述旱作型屋顶绿化单元、所述人造湿地型屋顶绿化单元、所述人造浮床型屋顶绿化单元和所述人造沉床型屋顶绿化单元均与所述屋顶绿化单元和沼气工程相连接,以实现将城乡产生的废弃有机物通过所述沼气工程进行利用,并使得城乡实现污水和废弃有机物零排放。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:在所述种植单元包括所述农田改良单元时,所述渗透结构还包括用于埋设于农田绿地下的第三多孔管,所述消毒子系统、所述施肥子系统和所述灌溉子系统的输出端均与所述第三多孔管相连接,所述农田改良单元还包括第三石块层、第三石砾层和第三砂粒层,所述第三石块层、所述第三石砾层和所述第三砂粒层由内至外逐序环设于所述第三多孔管的外周。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:所述农田改良单元还包括支撑板,所述支撑板埋设于所述第三多孔管的下方,所述支撑板的下方开设有与露天池塘相连通的养殖池。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:在所述种植单元包括所述大棚改良单元时,所述大棚改良单元包括种植大棚,所述渗透结构包括多孔肋板,所述多孔肋板埋设于所述种植大棚下,所述消毒子系统埋设于所述多孔肋板的下方,且所述多孔肋板的下方开设有储肥池、沼气池和蓄水池,所述储肥池、所述沼气池和所述蓄水池间隔设置,所述储肥池与所述沼气池相连通,所述储肥池与所述施肥子系统相连通,所述蓄水池与所述灌溉子系统相连通。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:所述大棚改良单元包括旱作型大棚改良单元、人造湿地型大棚改良单元、人造浮床型大棚改良单元和人造沉床型大棚改良单元,所述旱作型大棚改良单元、所述人造湿地型大棚改良单元、所述人造浮床型大棚改良单元和所述人造沉床型大棚改良单元串联、并联或交叉关联,以实现对城乡排放的污水进行循环净化;所述旱作型大棚改良单元、所述人造湿地型大棚改良单元、所述人造浮床型大棚改良单元和所述人造沉床型大棚改良单元均与所述屋顶绿化单元、所述绿化带单元和所述沼气工程相连接,以实现将城乡产生的废弃有机物通过所述沼气工程进行利用,并使得城乡实现污水和废弃有机物零排放。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:所述沼气池收集废气有机物和污水,并通过废热实现加温以产生沼气、沼液和沼渣,且所述沼气经分离形成甲烷气体与一氧化碳气体的混合气体、恶臭气体和用于提升植物光合作用效率的二氧化碳气体,所述施肥子系统与恶臭气体管道或储罐相联,所述恶臭气体通过所述渗透结构渗入所述种植单元的中、下层土壤及植物根系间,以在土壤、水、空隙、植物根系、酶和微生物的综合作用下转化为植物所需的养分和让植物吸收利用,所述沼液和所述沼渣进入所述储肥池发酵形成肥料,以实现废弃物、废热和污水的资源化综合利用。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:所述种植大棚内通入二氧化碳气体以提升所述种植大棚内的二氧化碳浓度,所述种植大棚的植物根系及土壤处通入空气,以增强植物根系及土壤的呼吸,并提升植物的光合作用效率。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特征在于:在所述种植单元包括所述沿海滩涂改良单元时,各所述沿海滩涂改良单元均填充淤泥,所述渗透结构还包括若干渗管,且各所述渗管均与所述消毒子系统、所述施肥子系统和所述灌溉子系统相连接,各所述渗管的外壁均附有复合网膜结构,以阻止淤泥、砂粒和植物根系进入所述渗管内。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特点在于:在所述种植单元包括所述人造净化单元时,将重金属含量高的污染物,通过投入浸矿细菌处理,种植重金属超量积累植物处理,和旱作型、人造湿地型、人造浮床型和人造沉床型四种人造净化单元种植超净化植物联合作用,净化出优质的再生水和优质的土壤,将沙漠与荒地等改造成良田,即将废弃物无害化、资源化与减量化的处理,同沙漠与荒地等土地改造相结合。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特点在于:所述人造净化单元还包括有若干所述渗管,各所述渗管分别铺设于各防渗漏池的底部并用于抽取含有重金属离子的渗液和种植重金属超量积累植物,以回收重金属。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的智能化植保与养护系统,其特点在于:通过所述渗透结构,可将氨气、恶臭气体作为气态肥料,施于植物根系土壤中,供植物生长。
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