WO2020248293A1 - 自动扫雪装置定位方法 - Google Patents

自动扫雪装置定位方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020248293A1
WO2020248293A1 PCT/CN2019/091797 CN2019091797W WO2020248293A1 WO 2020248293 A1 WO2020248293 A1 WO 2020248293A1 CN 2019091797 W CN2019091797 W CN 2019091797W WO 2020248293 A1 WO2020248293 A1 WO 2020248293A1
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Prior art keywords
automatic snow
odom
information
positioning
uwb
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PCT/CN2019/091797
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄阳
朱涛涛
田安洋
乔清青
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深圳汉阳科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020248293A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020248293A1/zh
Priority to US17/305,817 priority Critical patent/US20210341566A1/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0257Hybrid positioning
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C17/00Compasses; Devices for ascertaining true or magnetic north for navigation or surveying purposes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/20Instruments for performing navigational calculations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C22/00Measuring distance traversed on the ground by vehicles, persons, animals or other moving solid bodies, e.g. using odometers, using pedometers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/10Position of receiver fixed by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements, e.g. omega or decca systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20Analysing
    • G06F18/25Fusion techniques
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/10Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
    • G01C21/12Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
    • G01C21/16Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
    • G01C21/165Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation combined with non-inertial navigation instruments
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/10Terrestrial scenes

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of automatic equipment positioning, and particularly relates to a positioning method of an automatic snow sweeper.
  • the patent application number is CN201310469003
  • the application name is an indoor mobile robot positioning method, which uses single ultrasonic sensor ranging information and track estimation information to determine the robot coordinates .
  • the specific posture that is, the direction of the front of the car, cannot be known, and there is little positioning information obtained and applicability Low problem.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a positioning method for an automatic snow removal device, which aims to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art, so that more positioning information of the automatic snow removal device can be obtained and more accurate.
  • the positioning method of an automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step S10 acquiring the first positioning information sent by the UWB positioning system
  • Step S20 acquiring the first rotation information sent by the rotary encoder
  • Step S30 acquiring the first reading information sent by the electronic compass
  • Step S40 acquiring the first direction angle information sent by the gyroscope
  • Step S50 Perform a first fusion calculation based on the first positioning information and the first rotation information to determine the first position information of the automatic snow removal device;
  • Step S60 Perform a second fusion calculation based on the first reading information and the first direction angle information to determine the first direction information of the automatic snow removal device.
  • the UWB positioning system includes a first base station, a first tag, a second tag, and a third tag.
  • the first base station is set on the automatic snow removal device, and the location of the first tag, the location of the second tag, and the third The label setting positions are not on the same straight line.
  • step S50 specifically includes:
  • Step S51 Perform correction calculation on the first positioning information sent by the UWB positioning system to determine the second positioning information;
  • Step S52 calculating the first rotation information to determine the ODOM increment
  • Step S53 Perform a fusion calculation based on the second positioning information and the ODOM increment to determine the first position information of the automatic snow removal device.
  • the first label, the second label and the third label in the UWB positioning system construct a map coordinate system.
  • the first direction information includes the angle between the head direction of the automatic snow removal device and the x-axis in the map coordinate system.
  • the first fusion calculation is performed on the first positioning information sent by the UWB positioning system obtained in step S10 and the first rotation information sent by the rotary encoder in step S20, and the automatic snow removal device is determined First position information; to improve the accuracy of the first position information of the automatic snow sweeping device; and to obtain the first reading information sent by the electronic compass in step S30 and the first direction angle information sent by the gyroscope obtained in step S40
  • the second fusion calculation is to determine the first direction information of the automatic snow sweeping device, that is, the real-time posture of the automatic snow sweeping device can be known, such as the heading of the vehicle, that is, the subsequent snow sweeping direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a first embodiment of a positioning method for an automatic snow removal device according to the present invention
  • step S50 is a detailed flowchart of step S50 in the first embodiment of the positioning method of the automatic snow removal device of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first reading of the electronic compass in the positioning method of the automatic snow removal device of the present invention after correction;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distances between the first tag, the second tag, and the third tag respectively and the first base station in the positioning method of the automatic snow removal device of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the first tag, the second tag, the third tag, and the first base station in the positioning method of the automatic snow removal device of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the first fusion calculation of the first positioning information and the first rotation information in step S50 in the positioning method of the automatic snow removal device of the present invention
  • step S60 is a schematic diagram of the first reading information and the first direction angle information in step S60 in the positioning method of the automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention after the second fusion calculation;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic snow sweeping device in the positioning method of the automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of the automatic snow sweeping device in the positioning method of the automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first label in the positioning method of the automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a right side view of the automatic snow sweeping device in the positioning method of the automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a front view of the automatic snow sweeping device in the positioning method of the automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a left view of the automatic snow sweeping device in the positioning method of the automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the automatic snow sweeping device and the charging platform in the positioning method of the automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention
  • 15 is a front view of the charging platform in the positioning method of the automatic snowplow device of the present invention.
  • 16 is a top view of the automatic snow sweeping device in the positioning method of the automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the automatic snow sweeping device in the positioning method of the automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention.
  • first and second can be used to describe various components, but these terms do not limit the components. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another.
  • first component may be referred to as the second component
  • second component may also be referred to as the first component similarly.
  • the term "and/or” refers to a combination of any one or more of related items and descriptive items.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of the first embodiment of the positioning method of the automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is the step S50 in the first embodiment of the positioning method of the automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention Refine the process diagram.
  • the positioning method of an automatic snow sweeping device of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step S10 obtain the first positioning information sent by the UWB positioning system; in step S10, the UWB positioning system includes a first base station 304, a first tag, a second tag, and a third tag, and the first base station is set in the automatic snow removal device Above, the setting position of the first label, the setting position of the second label and the setting position of the third label are not on the same straight line.
  • the first tag, the second tag, the third tag and the first base station used in the UWB positioning system are all existing carrier-free communication technologies, but the use of three tags and one base station to construct a map coordinate system is an existing What is not available in the technology; in step S10, the UWB positioning system is built with the first label setting position as the origin of the map coordinate system, the second label setting position as the X axis direction of the map coordinate system, and the third label setting position as the map coordinates Set the Y axis direction, that is, the XOY rectangular coordinate system is constructed using three labels; that is, preferably, the first label, the second label and the third label in the UWB positioning system construct a map coordinate system, and the map coordinate system is XOY rectangular Coordinate System.
  • step S10 in the XOY rectangular coordinate system, the distances between the first label, the second label, and the third label are R 01 , R 02 , and R 12, respectively .
  • the location of the first label be the origin of the map coordinate system
  • the second label is on the positive x-axis of the map coordinate system
  • the third label is on the Y-axis direction of the map coordinate system
  • the coordinates of the three labels are: the first label: (0.0,0.0);
  • the UWB system After constructing the above-mentioned XOY rectangular coordinate system, the UWB system sends the first positioning information to the automatic snow sweeping device.
  • the first positioning information includes the position of the first base station in the map coordinate system, so that the coordinates of the three positioning tags are (x 1 , y 1 ), (x 2 , y 2 ) and (x 3 , y 3 ), the distances from them to the first base station are R 1 , R 2 and R 3 respectively .
  • the coordinates of the three tags are (0.0, 0.0), (4.0, 0.0), (0.0, 3.0), and the distance (y-axis) of the first base station is measured as shown in Figure 4: Calculate the first base station The location is shown in Figure 5.
  • Step S20 acquiring the first rotation information sent by the rotary encoder 302; the rotary encoder is used to acquire the tick value of the wheel rotation of the automatic snow removal device;
  • Step S30 Obtain the first reading information sent by the electronic compass 303; the electronic compass is set on the automatic snow removal device;
  • Step S40 acquiring the first direction angle information sent by the gyroscope 305; the gyroscope is set on the automatic snow sweeping device;
  • step S10 The four data acquired in step S10, step S20, step S30 and step S40, namely the first positioning information, the first rotation information, the first reading information and the first direction angle information; the above four data are all sent to the automatic snow sweeping
  • the controller 300 in the device is based on pre-stored algorithms and formulas, and based on the above four data to facilitate the subsequent steps S50 and S60;
  • Step S50 Perform a first fusion calculation based on the first positioning information and the first rotation information to determine the first position information of the automatic snow removal device;
  • Step S60 Perform a second fusion calculation based on the first reading information and the first direction angle information to determine the first direction information of the automatic snow removal device.
  • the first fusion calculation is performed on the first positioning information sent by the UWB positioning system obtained in step S10 and the first rotation information sent by the rotary encoder in step S20, and the automatic snow removal device is determined First position information; to improve the accuracy of the first position information of the automatic snow sweeping device; and to obtain the first reading information sent by the electronic compass in step S30 and the first direction angle information sent by the gyroscope obtained in step S40
  • the second fusion calculation is used to determine the first direction information of the automatic snow removal device, that is, the real-time posture of the automatic snow removal device, such as the heading of the vehicle, can be known.
  • step S50 specifically includes:
  • Step S51 Perform correction calculation on the first positioning information sent by the UWB positioning system to determine the second positioning information;
  • Step S52 calculating the first rotation information to determine the ODOM increment
  • Step S53 Perform a fusion calculation based on the second positioning information and the ODOM increment to determine the first position information of the automatic snow removal device.
  • the ODOM increment is divided by the measurement time to obtain the average speed during the period:
  • K is The time step of a fusion calculation
  • I is the variance
  • the first direction information includes the angle between the direction of the front 88 of the automatic snow removal device and the x-axis in the map coordinate system; the front direction indicates the snow removal direction of the automatic snow removal device; therefore, in this positioning In the method, it is very important to be able to obtain the heading direction of the automatic snow removal device; it is equivalent to knowing the real-time posture of the automatic snow removal device; to realize comprehensive monitoring.
  • Step S60 a second fusion calculation is performed based on the first reading information and the first direction angle information to determine the first direction information of the automatic snow removal device.
  • Step S60 specifically includes: correcting the first reading information to obtain the direction angle Direction angle Perform a second fusion calculation with the first direction angle information to determine the first direction information of the automatic snow removal device.
  • step S60 the first reading correction processing of the electronic compass is as follows:
  • the automatic snow removal device makes a circle of in-situ rotation, and records the readings of the x and y axes of the electronic compass when the automatic snow removal device rotates in place as m x_raw and m y_raw respectively. Take the maximum and minimum values respectively to calculate the correction parameters k and b:
  • the original data includes 2411 sets of data, which is point 10; after correction, a total of 2411 sets of data are obtained, as shown at point 11.
  • the figure composed of point 11 is closer to a perfect circle, and the center of the circle is closer to the origin, which proves that the correction calculation is effective.
  • the magnetic declination in Shenzhen is -2.9833°, and the direction of the snowplow (that is, the angle between the x-axis of the coordinate system and the true north direction of the geodetic coordinate system) is calculated to be 102.45°.
  • the direction angle Performing the second fusion calculation with the first direction angle information includes: calculating the direction angle given by the gyroscope at time i Calculate the first direction information at time i
  • First direction information Indicates the angle between the heading direction of the automatic snowplow and the x-axis in the map coordinate system.
  • R is the variance of the noise contained in the first reading information sent by the electronic compass
  • Q is the variance of the noise contained in the first direction angle information sent by the gyroscope.
  • K is the Kalman filter coefficient
  • P is the covariance of the error
  • both K and P can be regarded as intermediate variables.
  • the automatic snow removal device moves along the positive x-axis at a speed of 0.4 m/s.
  • the UWB positioning system has a maximum ranging error of 0.1m, and the positioning result given by the rotary encoder always has an error of 5mm per meter.
  • the result of the fusion calculation is shown in Figure 6:
  • the point is the first positioning information sent by the UWB positioning system;
  • the straight line is the first rotation information sent by the rotary encoder;
  • the curve is the data after the first fusion calculation in step S50.
  • the fusion calculation in step S50 well eliminates the cumulative error of the positioning of the rotary encoder, and the noise of the fusion result is obviously smaller than that of the UWB positioning system. Noise can be understood as error.
  • step S50 and step S60 that is, after calculating the first position information and the first direction information
  • the controller of the automatic snow removal device controls the communication module to send the first position information and the first direction information to the monitoring center. Including terminal.
  • the present invention also provides a positioning system for an automatic snow removal device, including an automatic snow removal device, a first tag, a second tag, a third tag, and a first base station; as shown in FIG. 10, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first tag;
  • the first label includes a label 1000 and a base 1001 with an insertion part; as shown in FIG.
  • a taillight 900 is provided on the automatic snow sweeper; as shown in Figure 12, a first ultrasonic sensor 902 is provided on the side of the automatic snow sweeper, Used for obstacle avoidance; crawlers 901 are provided on the automatic snow sweeping device to facilitate movement in the snow; as shown in Figure 13, the automatic snow sweeping device is provided with a camera 970, and the first base station is set in the camera 970; automatic snow sweeping The device is equipped with a snow throwing drum 971, which can be rotated 360 degrees, and the snow throwing distance is adjustable; the front of the automatic snow sweeping device is equipped with blades 972 to realize snow sweeping and snow throwing functions; as shown in Figure 14, the automatic snow sweeping device
  • the positioning system also includes a charging platform 1100; as shown in Figure 15, an infrared LED light 2001 is provided on the charging platform; as shown in Figure 16, a first switch 2002 is provided on the charging platform to realize the switching function; and a charging adaption module 2003 , To adapt to the left and right distance error, reduce the accuracy of charging navigation;

Abstract

本发明公开了一种自动扫雪装置定位方法,包括以下步骤:步骤S10,获取UBW定位系统所发送的第一定位信息;步骤S20,获取旋转编码器所发送的第一转动信息;步骤S30,获取电子罗盘所发送的第一读数信息;步骤S40,获取陀螺仪所发送的第一方向角信息;步骤S50,基于第一定位信息和第一转动信息进行第一融合计算,以确定自动扫雪装置的第一位置信息;步骤S60,基于第一读数信息和第一方向角信息进行第二融合计算,以确定出自动扫雪装置的第一方向信息。本发明,能够获取到自动扫雪装置更多的定位信息,以能确定其实时姿势,且更加精准。

Description

自动扫雪装置定位方法 技术领域
本发明属于自动化设备定位技术领域,尤其涉及一种自动扫雪装置定位方法。
背景技术
目前,对于能够移动的机器人或者电子设备的定位方法很多,比如专利申请号为CN201310469003,申请名称为一种室内移动机器人定位方法,其利用单超声波传感器测距信息与航迹推算信息来确定机器人坐标,但实际无法对于机器人的具体朝向进行定位,即无法得知机器人的姿势,比如对于自动扫雪装置,其具体姿势,即车头的朝向方向就无法得知,存在获取的定位信息少、适用性低问题。
因此,现有技术有待于改善。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提出一种自动扫雪装置定位方法,旨在解决背景技术中所提及的技术问题,以能够获取到自动扫雪装置更多的定位信息,且更加精准。
本发明的一种自动扫雪装置定位方法,包括以下步骤:
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
步骤S10,获取UWB定位系统所发送的第一定位信息;
步骤S20,获取旋转编码器所发送的第一转动信息;
步骤S30,获取电子罗盘所发送的第一读数信息;
步骤S40,获取陀螺仪所发送的第一方向角信息;
步骤S50,基于第一定位信息和第一转动信息进行第一融合计算,以确定自动扫雪装置的第一位置信息;
步骤S60,基于第一读数信息和第一方向角信息进行第二融合计算,以确定出自动扫雪装置的第一方向信息。
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
优选地,UWB定位系统包括第一基站、第一标签、第二标签和第三标签,第一基站设置在自动扫雪装置上,第一标签的设置位置、第二标签的设置位置和第三标签的设置位置均不在同一条直线上。
优选地,步骤S50具体包括:
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
步骤S51,对UWB定位系统所发送的第一定位信息进行校正计算,以确定第二定位信息;
步骤S52,对第一转动信息进行计算,以确定ODOM增量;
步骤S53,基于第二定位信息和ODOM增量进行融合计算,以确定自动扫雪装置的第一位置信息。
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
优选地,步骤S51中,校正计算所利用的计算公式为R modify=(R uwb_raw-b uwb)/k uwb;其中,R modify表示第二定位信息,R uwb_raw表示UWB定位系统所发送的第一定位信息,k uwb表示用最小二乘法拟合直线的方法得到的斜率,b uwb表示用最小二乘法拟合直线的方法得到截距。
优选地,步骤S52中,利用到的公式包括
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000002
x odom=d odomcosγ;y odom=-d odomsinγ;其中,d odom表示自动扫雪装置走过的距离,n tick_left表示自动扫雪装置上左轮所转动的tick值;n tick_right表示自动扫雪装置上右轮所转动的tick值;N tick_1m表示自动扫雪装置每移动1米所对应的tick值;l width表示自动扫雪装置的左轮和右轮之间的距离。
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
优选地,在步骤S53中,利用到的公式包括x odom_i=x odom_i-1+Δx odom;y odom_i=y odom_i-1+Δy odom
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000004
Δx odom_car=ΔT×(v x_odom_i-1+v x_odom_i)/2;Δy odom_car=ΔT×(v y_odom_i-1+v y_odom2_i)/2;其中,ΔT是一次融合计算的时间步长,
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000005
是i时刻车在地图坐标系上的方向角;以及
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000008
其中,R是UWB定位系统所获取的第一定位信息中所包含的噪声的方差矩阵,Q是ODOM增量中包含的噪声的方差矩阵,I是单位阵。K是卡尔曼滤波系数矩阵,P是误差的协方差矩阵,
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000009
表示i时刻自动扫雪装置的第一位置信息。
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
优选地,UWB定位系统中的第一标签、第二标签和第三标签构建一个地图坐标系。
优选地,第一方向信息包括自动扫雪装置的车头方向与地图坐标系中x轴的夹角。
本发明的自动扫雪装置定位方法,有益效果如下:
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
基于步骤S50、步骤S60,对于步骤S10中获取UWB定位系统所发送的第一定位信息以及步骤S20中获取旋转编码器所发送的第一转动信息进行第一融合计算,确定出自动扫雪装置的第一位置信息;提高自动扫雪装置的第 一位置信息的准确性;以及对于步骤S30中获取电子罗盘所发送的第一读数信息和步骤S40所获取陀螺仪所发送的第一方向角信息进行第二融合计算,以确定自动扫雪装置的第一方向信息,即能得知自动扫雪装置的实时姿势,比如车头的朝向,即后续的扫雪方向。
附图说明
图1为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法第一实施例的流程示意图;
图2为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法第一实施例中步骤S50的细化流程示意图;
图3为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中电子罗盘的第一读数校正后的示意图;
图4为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中第一标签、第二标签和第三标签分别与第一基站的距离的示意图;
图5为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中第一标签、第二标签、第三标签、第一基站的示意图;
图6为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中步骤S50的第一定位信息和第一转动信息进行第一融合计算后的示意图;
图7为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中步骤S60的第一读数信息和第一方向角信息进行第二融合计算后的示意图;
图8为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中自动扫雪装置的结构示意图;
图9为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中自动扫雪装置的原理框图;
图10为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中第一标签的结构示意图;
图11为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中自动扫雪装置的右视图;
图12为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中自动扫雪装置的主视图;
图13为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中自动扫雪装置的左视图;
图14为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中自动扫雪装置与充电平台配合的示意图;
图15为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中充电平台的主视图;
图16为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中自动扫雪装置的俯视图;
图17为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法中自动扫雪装置的内部结构示意图。
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例,参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。需要注意的是,相关术语如“第一”、“第二”等可以用于描述各 种组件,但是这些术语并不限制该组件。这些术语仅用于区分一个组件和另一组件。例如,不脱离本发明的范围,第一组件可以被称为第二组件,并且第二组件类似地也可以被称为第一组件。术语“和/或”是指相关项和描述项的任何一个或多个的组合。
如图1、图2、图9所示,图1为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法第一实施例的流程示意图;图2为本发明自动扫雪装置定位方法第一实施例中步骤S50的细化流程示意图。
本发明的一种自动扫雪装置定位方法,包括以下步骤:
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
步骤S10,获取UWB定位系统所发送的第一定位信息;在步骤S10中,UWB定位系统包括第一基站304、第一标签、第二标签和第三标签,第一基站设置在自动扫雪装置上,第一标签的设置位置、第二标签的设置位置和第三标签的设置位置均不在同一条直线上。其中,UWB定位系统中利用到的第一标签、第二标签、第三标签和第一基站均是现有的无载波通信技术,但利用三个标签和一个基站去构建地图坐标系是现有技术中所没有的;在步骤S10中,搭建的UWB定位系统,以第一标签设置位置作为地图坐标系原点,第二标签设置位置作为地图坐标系X轴方向,第三标签设置位置作为地图坐标系Y轴方向,即利用三个标签构建了XOY直角坐标系;即优选地,UWB定位系统中的第一标签、第二标签和第三标签构建一个地图坐标系,该地图坐标系为XOY直角坐标系。
在步骤S10中,XOY直角坐标系中,第一标签、第二标签和第三标签之间的距离分别为R 01、R 02、R 12。令第一标签所在位置为地图坐标系的原点,第二标签在地图坐标系x轴正向上;第三标签在地图坐标系Y轴方向上;则三个标签的坐标分别为:第一标签:(0.0,0.0);第二标签:(R 01,0.0);第三标签:(R 02cosθ,R 02sinθ);其中,θ是第三标签与第一标签的连线与x轴的夹角,其值可用余弦公式求出:
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000010
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
在构建了上述XOY直角坐标系后,在UWB系统发送第一定位信息至自动扫雪装置,第一定位信息包括第一基站在地图坐标系的位置,令三个定位标签的坐标分别为(x 1,y 1),(x 2,y 2)和(x 3,y 3),它们到第一基站的距离分别为R 1、R 2和R 3,利用到的公式如下,
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000011
其中,
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000012
其中,dx i=x i-x 1,dy i=y i-y 1
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000013
i=2,3;
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000014
表示第一基站在地图坐标系的位置。
例如,例:三个标签的坐标分别为(0.0,0.0),(4.0,0.0),(0.0,3.0),测得到第一基站的距离(y轴)如图4:计算出第一基站的位置如图5。
步骤S20,获取旋转编码器302所发送的第一转动信息;旋转编码器用于获取自动扫雪装置的车轮转动的tick值;
步骤S30,获取电子罗盘303所发送的第一读数信息;电子罗盘设置于自动扫雪装置上;
步骤S40,获取陀螺仪305所发送的第一方向角信息;陀螺仪设置于自动扫雪装置上;
在步骤S10、步骤S20、步骤S30和步骤S40获取的四个数据,即第一定位信息、第一转动信息、第一读数信息和第一方向角信息;上述四个数据均发送至自动扫雪装置中的控制器300,控制器300基于预存的算法、公式,基于上述四个数据便于执行后续的步骤S50、步骤S60;
步骤S50,基于第一定位信息和第一转动信息进行第一融合计算,以确定自动扫雪装置的第一位置信息;
步骤S60,基于第一读数信息和第一方向角信息进行第二融合计算,以确定出自动扫雪装置的第一方向信息。
本发明的自动扫雪装置定位方法,有益效果如下:
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
基于步骤S50、步骤S60,对于步骤S10中获取UWB定位系统所发送的第一定位信息以及步骤S20中获取旋转编码器所发送的第一转动信息进行第一融合计算,确定出自动扫雪装置的第一位置信息;提高自动扫雪装置的第一位置信息的准确性;以及对于步骤S30中获取电子罗盘所发送的第一读数信息和步骤S40所获取陀螺仪所发送的第一方向角信息进行第二融合计算,以确定自动扫雪装置的第一方向信息,即能得知自动扫雪装置的实时姿势,比如车头的朝向。
更具体地,如图2所示,步骤S50具体包括:
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
步骤S51,对UWB定位系统所发送的第一定位信息进行校正计算,以确定第二定位信息;
步骤S52,对第一转动信息进行计算,以确定ODOM增量;
步骤S53,基于第二定位信息和ODOM增量进行融合计算,以确定自动扫雪装置的第一位置信息。
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
在步骤S51中,第一定位信息包括第一基站的位置;即由此来表示自动 扫雪装置在地图坐标系的位置;校正计算所利用的计算公式为R modify=(R uwb_raw-b uwb)/k uwb(公式1-3);其中,R modify表示第二定位信息,R uwb_raw表示UWB定位系统所发送的第一定位信息,k uwb表示用最小二乘法拟合直线的方法得到的斜率,b uwb表示用最小二乘法拟合直线的方法得到截距。
优选地,步骤S52中,利用到的公式包括
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000016
x odom=d odomcosγ(公式1-6);y odom=-d odomsinγ(公式1-7);其中,d odom表示自动扫雪装置走过的距离,n tick_left表示自动扫雪装置上左轮所转动的tick值;n tick_right表示自动扫雪装置上右轮所转动的tick值;N tick_1m表示自动扫雪装置每移动1米所对应的tick值;l width表示自动扫雪装置的左轮和右轮之间的距离。
其中,该ODOM增量除以测量时间,可得到该段时间内的平均速度:
v x_odom=x odom/Δt (3-1)
v y_odom=y odom/Δt (3-2)
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
优选地,在步骤S53中,利用到的公式包括x odom_i=x odom_i-1+Δx odom(公式1-8);y odom_i=y odom_i-1+Δy odom(公式1-9);
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000018
Δx odom_car=ΔT×(v x_odom_i-1+v x_odom_i)/2(公式1-12);Δy odom_car=ΔT×(v y_odom_i-1+v y_odom2_i)/2(公式1-13);其中,ΔT是一次融合计算的时间步长,
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000019
是i时刻车在地图坐标系上的方向角;以及
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000022
其中,R是UWB定位系统所获取的第一定位信息中所包含的噪声的方差矩阵,Q是ODOM增量中包含的噪声的方差矩阵,I是单位阵。K是卡尔曼滤波系数矩阵,P是误差的协方差矩阵,
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000023
表示i时刻自动扫雪装置的第一位置信息。
如图8所示,优选地,第一方向信息包括自动扫雪装置的车头88方向与地图坐标系中x轴的夹角;车头方向表示自动扫雪装置的扫雪方向;因此,在本定位方法中能够获取到自动扫雪装置的车头方向是很关键的;相当于了解到自动扫雪装置的实时姿势;实现全面监控。
其中,对于步骤S60,基于第一读数信息和第一方向角信息进行第二融合计算,以确定出自动扫雪装置的第一方向信息。步骤S60具体包括:对第一读数信息进行校正处理,以获取方向角
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000024
将方向角
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000025
和第一方 向角信息进行第二融合计算,以确定出自动扫雪装置的第一方向信息。
在步骤S60中,电子罗盘的第一读数校正处理如下:
自动扫雪装置进行一圈原地旋转,记录自动扫雪装置原地旋转时的电子罗盘x和y轴的读数分别为m x_raw和m y_raw,分别取其最大和最小值,计算校正参数k和b:
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000026
b x=(m x_max+m x_min)/2 (公式2-2)
b y=(m y_max+m y_min)/2 (公式2-3)
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000028
令校正后x和y方向的磁场强度分别为
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000030
假设自动扫雪装置只在水平地面上作业,则计算方向角的
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000031
方法如下:
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000032
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000033
时,若
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000036
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000037
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000038
时,若
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000040
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000042
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000043
时,
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000044
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000045
时,若
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000046
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000047
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000048
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000049
计算出的方向角
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000050
加上当地的地磁偏角(可前往一些现有网站进行查询,比如http://www.magnetic-declination.com),即可得到其在大地坐标系上的方向角。
如图3所示,在一次对电子罗盘的校正中,原始数据包括2411组数据,为点10;经校正共取得2411组数据,如图中点11。根据这些数据计算出校正参数:kx=1.0;bx=0.66;ky=0.9439;by=0.17;对上述数据校正后的结果如图中点11。点11组成的图形更接近正圆,且圆心位置更靠近原点,证明校正计算有效。
举个例子,自动扫雪装置对准x轴时,测得电子罗盘读数为mx=0.17,my=2.05。校正后为mx_n=-0.49,my_n=1.7745。深圳的磁偏角为-2.9833°,则计算得到扫雪车的朝向(即坐标系x轴与大地坐标系正北方向的夹角)为102.45°。
在步骤S60中,将方向角
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000051
和第一方向角信息进行第二融合计算包括:计算i时刻陀螺仪给出的方向角
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000052
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000053
计算i时刻的第一方向信息
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000054
第一方向信息
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000055
表示自动扫雪装置的车头方向与地图坐标系中x轴的夹角。
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000056
Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-000057
其中R是电子罗盘所发送的第一读数信息中包含的噪声的方差,Q是陀螺仪所发送的第一方向角信息中包含的噪声的方差。K是卡尔曼滤波系数,P是误差的协方差,K和P均可看作中间变量。
[根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
例如,自动扫雪装置以0.4m/s的速度沿x轴正向运动。UWB定位系统测距最大误差为0.1m,旋转编码器给出的定位结果始终存在5mm每米的误差。融合计算结果如图6:图6中,点是UWB定位系统发送的第一定位信息;直线是旋转编码器发送的第一转动信息;曲线是经过步骤S50的第一融合计算后的数据,可见步骤S50的融合计算很好地消除了旋转编码器定位的累积误差,融合结果的噪声也明显比UWB定位系统的噪声小。噪声可理解为误差。
如图7所示,自动扫雪装置以0.2rad/s的速度旋转。实验取得100组数据,结果如图:可见步骤S60的融合计算给出了较好的结果。
在执行步骤S50、步骤S60后,即将第一位置信息和第一方向信息计算出来后,自动扫雪装置的控制器控制通讯模块将第一位置信息和第一方向信息发送至监控中心,监控中心包括终端。
本发明还提供了一种自动扫雪装置定位系统,包括自动扫雪装置、第一标签、第二标签、第三标签和第一基站;如图10所示,为第一标签的结构示意图;第一标签包括标签1000和具有插入部的底座1001;如图11所示,自动扫雪装置上设置有尾灯900;如图12所示,自动扫雪装置侧面上设置有第一超声波传感器902,用于避障;自动扫雪装置上设置有履带901,以便于在雪地中移动;如图13所示,自动扫雪装置上设置有摄像头970,第一基站设置于摄像头970内;自动扫雪装置上设置有抛雪筒971,可360度转动,抛雪距离可调;自动扫雪装置的车头上设置有叶片972,实现扫雪、抛雪功能;如图14所示,自动扫雪装置定位系统还包括充电平台1100;如图15所示,充电平台上设置有红外LED灯2001;如图16所示,充电平台上设置有第一开关2002,实现开关功能、;以及充电适应模块2003,以适应左右距离误差,降低 充电导航精度;导向缓冲橡胶轮2004;充电电极2005;车体到位传感器2006,以检测到自动扫雪装置靠近时,充电电极对其进行充电;如图17所示,自动扫雪装置内包括第一驱动电机1046,以对于叶片972进行供能驱动;以及行走驱动模块1040;耐低温充电电池1041;被动充电通电模块1042,以应于与充电电极相通,实现被动充电;第一光电传感器1043,对于齿轮齿计数,确定对应旋转角度;直流减速电机1044,对抛雪筒971进行供能驱动;第二光电传感器,对旋转原点进行检测。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. [根据细则91更正 15.06.2020]
    一种自动扫雪装置定位方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    步骤S10,获取UWB定位系统所发送的第一定位信息;
    步骤S20,获取旋转编码器所发送的第一转动信息;
    步骤S30,获取电子罗盘所发送的第一读数信息;
    步骤S40,获取陀螺仪所发送的第一方向角信息;
    步骤S50,基于第一定位信息和第一转动信息进行第一融合计算,以确定自动扫雪装置的第一位置信息;
    步骤S60,基于第一读数信息和第一方向角信息进行第二融合计算,以确定出自动扫雪装置的第一方向信息。
  2. [根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
    如权利要求1所述自动扫雪装置定位方法,其特征在于,UWB定位系统包括第一基站、第一标签、第二标签和第三标签,第一基站设置在自动扫雪装置上,第一标签的设置位置、第二标签的设置位置和第三标签的设置位置均不在同一条直线上。
  3. [根据细则91更正 15.06.2020]
    如权利要求1所述自动扫雪装置定位方法,其特征在于,步骤S50具体包括:
    步骤S51,对UWB定位系统所发送的第一定位信息进行校正计算,以确定第二定位信息;
    步骤S52,对第一转动信息进行计算,以确定ODOM增量;
    步骤S53,基于第二定位信息和ODOM增量进行融合计算,以确定自动扫雪装置的第一位置信息。
  4. [根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
    如权利要求3所述自动扫雪装置定位方法,其特征在于,步骤S51中,校正计算所利用的计算公式为R modify=(R uwb_raw-b uwb)/k uwb;其中,R modify表示第二定位信息,R uwb_raw表示UWB定位系统所发送的第一定位信息,k uwb表示用最小二乘法拟合直线的方法得到的斜率,b uwb表示用最小二乘法拟合直线的方法得到截距。
  5. 如权利要求3所述自动扫雪装置定位方法,其特征在于,步骤S52中,利用到的公式包括
    Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-100001
    x odom=d odomcosγ;y odom=-d odomsinγ;其中,d odom表示自动扫雪装置走过的距离,n tick_left表示自动扫雪装置上左轮所转动的tick值;n tick_right表示自动扫雪装置上右轮所转动的tick值;N tick_1m表示自动扫雪装置每移动1米所对应的tick值;l width表示自动扫雪装置的左轮和右轮之间的距离。
  6. 如权利要求3所述自动扫雪装置定位方法,其特征在于,在步骤S53中,利用到的公式包括x odom_i=x odom_i-1+Δx odom;y odom_i=y odom_i-1+Δy odom
    Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-100003
    Δx odom_car=ΔT×(v x_odom_i-1+v x_odom_i)/2;Δy odom_car=ΔT×(v y_odom_i-1+v y_odom2_i)/2;其中,ΔT是一次融合计算的时间步长,
    Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-100004
    是i时刻车在地图坐标系上的方向角;以及
    Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-100007
    其中,R是UWB定位系统所获取的第一定位信息中所包含的噪声的方差矩阵,Q是ODOM增量中包含的噪声的方差矩阵,I是单位阵。K是卡尔曼滤波系数矩阵,P是误差的协方差矩阵,
    Figure PCTCN2019091797-appb-100008
    表示i时刻自动扫雪装置的第一位置信息。
  7. [根据细则91更正 15.06.2020] 
    如权利要求6所述自动扫雪装置定位方法,其特征在于,UWB定位系统中的第一标签、第二标签和第三标签构建一个地图坐标系。
  8. 如权利要求1所述自动扫雪装置定位方法,其特征在于,第一方向信息包括自动扫雪装置的车头方向与地图坐标系中x轴的夹角。
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