WO2020244256A1 - 一种混凝土气体径向渗透性能测试装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种混凝土气体径向渗透性能测试装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2020244256A1
WO2020244256A1 PCT/CN2020/076449 CN2020076449W WO2020244256A1 WO 2020244256 A1 WO2020244256 A1 WO 2020244256A1 CN 2020076449 W CN2020076449 W CN 2020076449W WO 2020244256 A1 WO2020244256 A1 WO 2020244256A1
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gas
pressure
concrete
sample
radial
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French (fr)
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张云升
钱如胜
石加顺
乔宏霞
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors

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  • the invention relates to a permeability test device and method, in particular to a concrete gas radial permeability test device and method.
  • the gas permeability of concrete has become an important indicator of concrete durability, and it can be used in a low temperature environment to make up for the lack of water permeability and gas permeability characterization, especially for the characterization of concrete permeability in an environment below freezing point.
  • the gas permeability test methods of concrete include atmospheric flow method, variable pressure flow method and variable pressure method.
  • the first two require precise gas flow meters as a guarantee of test accuracy.
  • the test of variable pressure method is more accurate and easy to operate.
  • a large amount of research on the gas permeability of concrete has focused on the one-dimensional transmission of gas, that is, the axial transmission.
  • the representative research method CemBure method solves the problem of cylindrical side sealing-providing confining pressure for sealing. This method has been widely used.
  • the concrete building is in the atmosphere, and the gas is not only transmitted in one dimension, but more in multiple dimensions. At the same time, multi-dimensional transmission is very extensive in engineering applications.
  • the gas storage tank and transmission pipeline involve a concrete protective layer.
  • the heavy concrete protective layer on the periphery of the nuclear reactor generates a large amount of high-pressure gas during the nuclear reaction application process.
  • a large amount of gas is generated in the process of fires that occur frequently all over the world, and instantaneous high pressure permeates all aspects of concrete buildings.
  • Gas permeability transmission plays an important role in evaluating the durability of concrete after fire. Therefore, the multi-dimensional transmission of concrete gas is widely used, not only involving buildings in daily life, but also related to the transportation and storage of natural gas, nuclear energy development, and safety assessment of buildings after fire.
  • the current gas permeability testing equipment can only study the one-dimensional (axial) transmission process of concrete gas, and cannot realize the study of the radial gas permeability process of concrete.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a concrete gas radial permeability test device, which can solve the problems of sealing and load quantification of the concrete gas radial permeability test.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for testing the radial gas permeability of concrete, by which the law of changes in the radial gas permeability of concrete under various conditions can be studied, and the gas radial permeability coefficient can be calculated according to the derived equation .
  • the concrete gas radial permeability test device of the present invention includes a pressure device and a gas transmission device;
  • the pressure device includes a sample, a rigid sealing device arranged between the upper and lower ends of the sample for sealing the sample, and acts on The loading device on the rigid sealing device for applying load to the sample, the induction gasket placed between the contact surface of the sample and the rigid sealing device for sealing and sensing pressure, and the multimeter connected with the induction gasket to detect the resistance of the induction gasket;
  • the gas delivery device includes a gas cylinder connected with a pressure device through a gas conduit, a barometer connected with the gas conduit for detecting the gas pressure in the gas conduit, a computer connected with the barometer, and installed on the gas conduit for controlling gas flow The gas valve.
  • the sensing washer is an elastic sensing washer embedded with a flexible pressure sensor.
  • a gas nozzle for increasing sealing is installed at the connection between the gas conduit and the pressure device.
  • the contact surface of the induction gasket with the rigid sealing device and the sample is coated with an adhesive for increasing the sealing performance.
  • it further comprises a gas diffusion tube whose one end is connected with the gas delivery device and the other end is connected with the upper top end of the rigid sealing device for uniform flow of gas in the sample cavity.
  • a gas buffer bottle is installed on the gas conduit, and a second gas valve and a third gas valve are respectively installed on both sides of the gas buffer bottle.
  • a gas pressure micro regulator for fine adjustment of the gas pressure is installed on the gas pipe.
  • the present invention also provides a testing method using the above device, which includes the following steps:
  • the steps of the air tightness test include: opening the gas cylinder to make the gas pressure inside the conduit of the gas delivery device, and observing that the reading of the barometer does not change, that is, the air tightness of the gas delivery device is good; and then the sealing is intact
  • the gas delivery device is connected to the pressure device, and gas is introduced into the pressure device. No sample is placed in the pressure device. If the barometer reading does not change, the pressure device has good air tightness.
  • the calculation formula of the gas radial permeability coefficient is as follows:
  • the unit is s.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1.
  • the induction gasket prepared by the built-in flexible mechanical sensor used in the present invention solves the problems of sealing performance and load quantification of concrete gas radial penetration.
  • the device of the present invention can study the change law of cement concrete gas radial penetration under various conditions.
  • the device of the present invention has a simple structure and a very broad application prospect.
  • the method of the present invention is simple and easy to implement, and the permeability coefficient is quantitatively calculated based on the derived radial gas permeability expression of concrete, so as to realize the rapid and accurate test of the concrete gas radial permeability process.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rigid sealing device and the gas dispersion tube of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the induction washer of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph of test results of Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph of test results of Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph of test results of Example 3 of the present invention.
  • the concrete gas radial permeability test device of the present invention includes a pressure device and a gas transmission device.
  • the pressure device includes the sample 6.
  • the sample 6 of this embodiment is a concrete ring sample, and different shapes of samples can be set according to the needs during the test; the upper and lower ends of the sample 6 are respectively coated with self-leveling adhesive 4, and then centered respectively Bond the induction gasket 2, and then coat the surface of the induction gasket 2 with a self-leveling adhesive 4 again, and paste the whole center between the upper rigid sealing device 1-1 and the lower rigid sealing device 1-2, and the gas dispersion tube 3 It is located in the center of the ring sample 6; the rigid sealing device 1 of this embodiment is two circular gaskets, as shown in Figure 2, the lower rigid sealing device 1-2 has a gas dispersion tube 3 in the middle of the circular gasket.
  • the circular gaskets of the upper and lower rigid sealing device 1 are symmetrically provided with small holes.
  • the loading device 15 of this embodiment is a screw and nut arranged in the small hole. During the test, the screw and nut in the small hole are tightened.
  • the sample 6 is loaded; the induction washer 2 in this embodiment is an elastic induction washer with a flexible pressure sensor embedded in it.
  • the small hole radius of 6 makes the edge sealing effect of sample 6 good; when a load is applied to sample 6, induction washer 2 senses the pressure and outputs resistance signal, and the resistance value is detected by multimeter 5 connected to induction washer 2. , Based on the sensor characteristics, the pressure on the resistance of the induction washer 2 is converted to be equivalent to the pressure environment of the sample, until the sample 6 reaches the required load, so that the load on the sample is quantified. Specifically, this embodiment passes before the test. Separately apply a specific pressure to the induction washer to detect the corresponding resistance value and record it. Select the resistance value corresponding to a certain voltage as the load standard. When the nut is tightened, it is observed that the multimeter 5 reaches the resistance value. The pressure applied to the sample 6 at this time is the pressure value corresponding to the resistance value recorded before the test.
  • the gas delivery device of the present invention includes a gas cylinder 13 connected to the pressure device through a gas conduit 12, a gas nozzle 7 for controlling the gas in and out of the pressure device is installed between the pressure device and the gas conduit 12, and is connected to the gas conduit 12 for gas detection
  • a barometer 8 for the gas pressure in the pipe 12 a computer 14 connected to the barometer 8
  • a first gas valve 11-1 is installed at the outlet of the gas cylinder 13, between the barometer 8 and the gas cylinder 13 on the gas pipe 12
  • a gas buffer bottle 9 is installed.
  • a second gas valve 11-2 and a third gas valve 11-3 are installed on both sides of the gas buffer bottle 9 respectively.
  • a fourth gas valve is installed between the pressure gauge 8 and the gas nozzle 7.
  • the gas valve 11-4 and the fifth gas valve 11-5 are installed between the second gas valve 11-2 and the gas cylinder 13 on the gas pipe 12 with a micro-regulator 10 for fine adjustment of the gas pressure.
  • the air pressure micro regulator 10 and the high-precision air pressure gauge 8 can realize precise adjustment of the gas and accurate recording of the air pressure.
  • the present invention also provides a measurement method using the above-mentioned device, which includes the following steps:
  • the gas delivery device has good air tightness; then connect the gas delivery device with intact air tightness to the pressure device , Inject gas into the pressure device, and the sample 6 is not placed in the pressure device. If the reading of the barometer 8 remains unchanged, the pressure device has good air tightness.
  • the pressure device has good air tightness.
  • On the rigid sealing device 1 make sure that the gas dispersion tube 3 is in the center of the sample 6, and finally load the bolt on the rigid sealing device 1.
  • use a multimeter 5 to detect that the resistances in the induction washer 2 are all 5.2K ⁇ , based on the sensor characteristics
  • the pressure of the induction gasket is equal to the pressure of the sample, which is 0.2MPa.
  • the unit is s.
  • Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the mixing ratio (g) of the precast annular concrete sample 6: cement-433.0, sand-655, coarse aggregate (5-20mm)-1117, water-195, admixture-2.20.
  • a multimeter was used to detect that each resistance in the induction washer was 2.6K ⁇ . Based on the sensor characteristics, the pressure of the induction washer was equivalent to the pressure of the sample, which was 0.5MPa.
  • open the gas valve on the high-pressure gas cylinder to make the air pressure reach about 4.01 Bar, and use the air pressure micro regulator to fine-tune the air pressure in the gas duct to about 4.01 Bar.
  • the test result is shown in Figure 5.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the mixing ratio (g) of the precast annular concrete sample 6: cement-445.0, sand-652, coarse aggregate (5-20 mm)-1142, water-156, admixture-4.45.
  • a multimeter is used to detect that each resistance in the induction washer is 1.62K ⁇ . Based on the sensor characteristics, the pressure of the induction washer is equivalent to the pressure of the sample, which is 10.0MPa.
  • open the air valve on the high-pressure gas cylinder to make the air pressure reach about 8.01 Bar, and use the air pressure micro regulator to fine-tune the air pressure in the gas duct to about 8.01 Bar.
  • the test result is shown in Figure 6.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种混凝土气体径向渗透性能测试装置及方法，该装置包括压力装置和输气装置；压力装置包括试样（6）、设置于试样（6）上下端之间的刚性密封装置（1）、作用于刚性密封装置（1）上的加载装置（15）、放置于试样（6）与刚性密封装置（1）接触面之间的感应垫圈（2）、与感应垫圈（2）连接的万用表（5）；输气装置与压力装置连接。该装置将柔性传感器嵌入弹性垫圈制备成自感应垫圈（2）监测试样（6）所受载荷，实现了混凝土密封性和载荷定量化，通过输气装置中的高精度气压表（8）实现气体渗透过程中气压变化的定量实时捕捉，解决了混凝土气体径向渗透系数的定量表征问题。

Description

一种混凝土气体径向渗透性能测试装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种渗透性能测试装置及方法，尤其涉及一种混凝土气体径向渗透性能测试装置及方法。
背景技术
混凝土是当今最重要的建筑材料，广泛应用于建筑、交通、桥梁、水利、地下工程等领域，同时面临严峻环境考验，比如岩土环境、海洋环境、大气环境等。作为混凝土耐久性指标之一的渗透性备受关注，主要包括水渗透性、离子渗透性和气体渗透性。水渗透性针对高强和超高强混凝土不再适用，因其太过密实。离子渗透性测试因为需要前期处理，比如饱和度等而适用范围受限。因此，混凝土气体渗透性成为混凝土耐久性重要指标，且其可在低温环境中使用而弥补水渗透性和气体渗透性表征的不足，尤其是在冰点以下环境用于混凝土渗透性的表征。
目前混凝土气体渗透性测试方法有常压流量法、变压流量法和变压压力法。前两者需要精密的气体流量计作为测试准确性的保障，相对而言变压压力法的测试更加准确且易于操作。但目前大量关于混凝土气体渗透性的研究集中于气体的一维传输，即轴向传输。代表研究方法CemBure法，解决了圆柱式样侧面密封问题-提供围压进行密封，该方法得到了广泛应用。但是，混凝土建筑处于大气之中，气体不仅仅有一维传输，更多的是多维传输。同时，多维传输在工程应用中十分广泛。例如西气东输的天然气管道中气体传输，其气体储存罐和传输管道涉及混凝土保护层。在和能源开发过程中，核反应堆外围重混凝土保护层，在核反应应用过程中产生大量高压气体。而且，在全世界范围内频频发生的火灾过程中产生大量气体，瞬间高压渗透于混凝土建筑的方方面面，气体渗透性传输为火灾后混凝土耐久性的评估起到重要作用。因此，混凝土气体的多维传输应用广泛，不仅涉及日常生活中的建筑，而且关系到天然气的运输与储存、核能源开发及火灾后建筑物的安全性评估。
目前的气体渗透性测试设备仅能研究混凝土气体一维(轴向)传输过程，无法实现混凝土气体径向渗透过程研究。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的其中一个目的是提供一种混凝土气体径向渗透性能测试装置，该装置能够解决混凝土气体径向渗透性能测试的密封性和载荷定量化的问题。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种混凝土气体径向渗透性能测试的方法，通过该方法，能够研究各状态下混凝土气体径向渗透的变化规律，以及根据所推导方 程进行气体径向渗透系数计算。
技术方案：本发明的混凝土气体径向渗透性能测试装置包括压力装置和输气装置；所述压力装置包括试样、设置于试样上下端之间用于密封试样的刚性密封装置、作用于刚性密封装置上用于对试样施加载荷的加载装置、放置于试样与刚性密封装置接触面之间用于密封及感应压力的感应垫圈、与感应垫圈连接用于检测感应垫圈电阻的万用表；所述输气装置包括与压力装置通过气体导管连接的气瓶、与气体导管连接用于检测气体导管内气体压力的气压表、与气压表连接的计算机、安装于气体导管上用于控制气体流通的气阀。
优选地，所述感应垫圈为内嵌柔性压力传感器的弹性感应垫圈。
优选地，所述气体导管与压力装置的连接处安装有增加密封性的气嘴。
优选地，在感应垫圈分别与刚性密封装置和试样的接触面上涂覆用于增加密封性的粘结剂。
优选地，还包括一端与输气装置连接另一端与刚性密封装置的上顶端连接用于使气体在试样内腔中均匀化流通的气体弥散管。
优选地，在气体导管上安装有气体缓冲瓶，在所述气体缓冲瓶两侧分别安装有第二气阀、第三气阀。
优选地，在气体导管上安装有用于对气压进行微调的气压微型调节器。
本发明还提供一种利用上述装置的测试方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)预制试样，对所述测量装置进行气密性检验；
(2)放置试样，对试样内通入气体，启动加载装置对试样施加载荷，通过万用表检测感应垫圈电阻，通过气压表实时检测渗透气体的气压变化，计算机进行数据采集；
(3)基于推导的混凝土气体径向渗透表达式定量计算渗透系数，实现混凝土气体径向渗透过程性能测试。
优选地，所述气密性测试的步骤包括：打开气瓶使输气装置的导管内处于气体压力下，观察气压表的读数不变即为输气装置气密性良好；然后将密封性完好的输气装置与压力装置连接，向压力装置中通入气体，压力装置中未放置试样，若气压表读数不变则压力装置气密性良好。
优选地，所述气体径向渗透系数的计算公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2020076449-appb-000001
式中：K——混凝土径向气体渗透系数，单位为m 2，
p e——气体进气端的绝对压力，单位为Pa，
p w——试验环境压力，单位为Pa，
μ——气体的动力年度，单位为Pa·s，
r e——被测混凝土试块的内径，单位为m，
r w——被测混凝土试块的外径，单位为m，
L——被测混凝土试块的高度，单位为m，
ΔP——稳定渗流气压降，单位为Pa，
Δt——稳定渗流时间，单位为s。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明具有下列有益效果：1、本发明采用的内嵌式柔性力学传感器制备的感应垫圈，解决了混凝土气体径向渗透的密封性和载荷定量化问题。2、本发明的装置可研究各状态下水泥混凝土气体径向渗透的变化规律。3、本发明的装置结构简单，应用前景十分广阔。4、本发明的方法简单易行，基于推导的混凝土气体径向渗透表达式定量计算其渗透系数，实现混凝土气体径向渗透过程的快速与准确测试。
附图说明
图1为本发明的装置示意图；
图2为本发明的刚性密封装置与气体弥散管结构示意图；
图3为本发明的感应垫圈示意图；
图4为本发明实施例1的测试结果曲线图；
图5为本发明实施例2的测试结果曲线图；
图6为本发明实施例3的测试结果曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
如图1所示，其中：1-1上刚性密封装置，1-2下刚性密封装置，2感应垫圈，3气体弥散管，4粘结剂，5万用表，6试样，7气嘴，8气压表，9气体缓冲瓶，10气压微型调节器，11-1第一气阀，11-2第二气阀，11-3第三气阀，11-4第四气阀，11-5第五气阀，12气体导管，13气瓶，14计算机，15加载装置。本发明的混凝土气体径向渗透性能测试装置包括压力装置和输气装置。压力装置包括试样6，本实施例试样6为混凝土环形试样，测试时根据需要可以设置不同形状的试样；在试样6上下端面分别涂覆自流平粘结剂4，再分别正中粘结感应垫圈2，然后分别在感应垫圈2表面上再次涂覆自流平粘结剂4，整体正中粘贴于上刚性密封装置1-1和下刚性密封装置1-2之间，气体弥散管3处于环形试样6正中央；本实施例的刚性密封装置1为两个圆形垫片，如图2所示，下刚性密封装置1-2的圆形垫片中间开有供气体弥散管3贯穿插入的小孔，气体弥散管3一端穿过下刚性密封 装置1-2与气嘴7连接，然后依次贯穿下感应垫圈2、试样6、上感应垫圈2到达上刚性密封装置1-1，上下刚性密封装置1的圆形垫片的四周对称设有小孔，本实施例的加载装置15为设置于小孔内的螺钉与螺母，测试时，通过旋紧小孔内的螺钉螺母对试样6施加载荷；本实施例的感应垫圈2为内嵌柔性压力传感器的弹性感应垫圈，如图3所示，感应垫圈2中间开有小孔，感应垫圈2中间的小孔比环形试样6的小孔半径小，使试样6的边缘密封效果好；当试样6上施加载荷时，感应垫圈2感应到压力，输出电阻信号，通过与感应垫圈2连接的万用表5检测出电阻值，基于传感器特性换算感应垫圈2中电阻所受压力等同试样所处压力环境，直至试样6到达所需载荷，使试样所受载荷定量化，具体的，本实施例在测试前，通过单独对感应垫圈施加特定的压力从而检测出相应的电阻值并记录，选取某一个电压对应的电阻值作为加载载荷的标准，当在旋紧螺母的过程中，观察到万用表5达到该电阻值，则此时施加在试样6上的压力即为试验前记录的与该电阻值对应的压力值。
本发明的输气装置包括与压力装置通过气体导管12连接的气瓶13，在压力装置与气体导管12之间安装有控制气体进出压力装置的气嘴7，与气体导管12连接用于检测气体导管12内气体压力的气压表8，与气压表8连接的计算机14，在气瓶13的出口处安装有第一气阀11-1，在气体导管12上气压表8与气瓶13之间安装有气体缓冲瓶9，在所述气体缓冲瓶9与两侧分别安装有第二气阀11-2、第三气阀11-3，在气压表8与气嘴7之间安装有第四气阀11-4、第五气阀11-5，在气体导管12上第二气阀11-2与气瓶13之间安装有用于对气压进行微调的气压微型调节器10。气压微型调节器10和高精度气压表8能够实现对气体的精确调节和气压的准确记录。
本发明还提供了利用上述装置测量的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)采用P.II52.5硅酸盐水泥、自来水预制环形混凝土试样6，配合比(g)：水泥-355.0,砂-703，粗集料(5～20mm)-1147，水-195，外加剂-0.00。按照配合比成型混凝土试样，标准养护90d。试验前预制环形混凝土试样，105℃烘干至恒重，同时进行压力装置和输气装置气密性检验：关闭气阀11-4，打开气阀11-1、11-2、11-3，然后打开气瓶13使输气装置的导管12内处于气体压力下，观察气压表8的读数不变即为输气装置气密性良好；然后将密封性完好的输气装置与压力装置连接，向压力装置中通入气体，压力装置中未放置试样6，若气压表8读数不变则压力装置气密性良好。测试时，在试样6两端分别涂覆适量自流平粘结剂4，再分别正中粘结感应垫圈2，然后在感应垫圈2端上再次涂覆自流平粘结剂4，整体正中放置于刚性密封装置1上，确保气体弥散管3处于试样6正中央，最后刚性密封装置1上进行螺栓加载，加载过程中利用万用表5检测感应垫圈2中各电阻均 为5.2KΩ，基于传感器特性换算感应垫圈所受压力等同试样所处压力，为0.2MPa。
(3)将气体导管12通过特性气嘴7与压力装置连接。测试时，打开高压气瓶13上的气阀11-1使气压达到约1.01Bar。利用气压微型调节器10进行气体导管12中气压微调至约1.01Bar，通过高精度气压表8及计算机14采集和记录气压信息。若气体导管12中高于所需气压，利用气阀11-5卸压。待输气装置稳定输出气压，试样6中气体稳定渗透，关闭第二气阀11-2，利用气体缓冲瓶9中气体给试样6输气，正式测试开始。
(4)打开气压表8进行气压检测，在计算机14上启动测试软件自动记录混凝土气体径向渗透过程的气压变化曲线，并通过下列公式进行气体径向渗透系数的计算，测试结果如图4所示：
Figure PCTCN2020076449-appb-000002
式中：K——混凝土径向气体渗透系数，单位为m 2，
p e——气体进气端的绝对压力，单位为Pa，
p w——试验环境压力，单位为Pa，
μ——气体的动力年度，单位为Pa·s，
r e——被测混凝土试块的内径，单位为m，
r w——被测混凝土试块的外径，单位为m，
L——被测混凝土试块的高度，单位为m，
ΔP——稳定渗流气压降，单位为Pa，
Δt——稳定渗流时间，单位为s。
实施例2
与实施例1不同的是，预制环形混凝土试样6的配合比(g)：水泥-433.0,砂-655，粗集料(5～20mm)-1117，水-195，外加剂-2.20。加载过程中利用万用表检测感应垫圈中各电阻均为2.6KΩ，基于传感器特性换算感应垫圈所受压力等同试样所处压力，为0.5MPa。测试时，打开高压气瓶上气阀使气压达到约为4.01Bar，利用气压微型调节器进行气体导管中气压微调至约4.01Bar，测试结果如图5所示。
实施例3
与实施例1不同的是，预制环形混凝土试样6的配合比(g)：水泥-445.0,砂-652，粗集料(5～20mm)-1142，水-156，外加剂-4.45。加载过程中利用万用表检测感应垫圈中各电阻均为1.62KΩ，基于传感器特性换算感应垫圈所受压力等同试样所处压力，为10.0MPa。测试时，打开高压气瓶上气阀使气压达到约为8.01Bar，利用气压微型调节器进行气体导管中气压微调至约8.01Bar，测试结果如图6所示。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种混凝土径向气体渗透性能测试装置，其特征在于，包括压力装置和输气装置；所述压力装置包括用于对试样(6)进行密封的刚性密封装置(1)、作用于刚性密封装置(1)上用于对试样(6)施加载荷的加载装置(15)、放置于试样(6)与刚性密封装置(1)接触面之间用于密封及感应试样(6)所受压力的感应垫圈(2)、与感应垫圈(2)连接用于检测感应垫圈(2)电阻的万用表(5)；所述输气装置包括与压力装置通过气体导管(12)连接的气瓶(13)、与气体导管(12)连接用于检测气体导管(12)内气体压力的气压表(8)、与气压表(8)连接的计算机(14)、安装于气体导管(12)上用于控制气体流通的气阀(11)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的混凝土径向气体渗透性能测试装置，其特征在于，所述感应垫圈(2)为内嵌柔性压力传感器的弹性感应垫圈。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的混凝土径向气体渗透性能测试装置，其特征在于，所述气体导管(12)与压力装置的连接处安装有增加密封性的气嘴(7)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的混凝土径向气体渗透性能测试装置，其特征在于，在感应垫圈(2)分别与刚性密封装置(1)和试样(6)的接触面上涂覆用于增加密封性的粘结剂(4)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的混凝土径向气体渗透性能测试装置，其特征在于，还包括一端与输气装置连接另一端与刚性密封装置(1)的上顶端连接用于使气体在试样(6)内腔中均匀化流通的气体弥散管(3)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的混凝土径向气体渗透性能测试装置，其特征在于，在气体导管(12)上安装有气体缓冲瓶(9)，在所述气体缓冲瓶(9)两侧分别安装有第二气阀(11-2)、第三气阀(11-3)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的混凝土径向气体渗透性能测试装置，其特征在于，在气体导管(12)上安装有用于对气压进行微调的气压微型调节器(10)。
  8. 一种利用权利要求1所述混凝土径向气体渗透性能测试装置的测试方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    (1)预制试样(6)，对所述测量装置进行气密性检验；
    (2)放置试样(6)，向试样(6)内通入气体，启动加载装置(15)对试样(6)施加载荷，通过万用表(5)检测感应垫圈(2)电阻，通过气压表(8)实时检测渗透气体的气压变化，计算机(14)进行数据采集；
    (3)基于推导的混凝土气体径向渗透表达式定量计算渗透系数，实现混凝土气体径向渗透过程性能测试。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的的混凝土径向气体渗透系数测试的方法，其特征在于，所述气密性测试的步骤包括：打开气瓶(13)使输气装置的导管(12)内处于气体压力下，观察气压表(8)的读数不变即为输气装置气密性良好；然后将密封性 完好的输气装置与压力装置连接，向压力装置中通入气体，压力装置中未放置试样(6)，若气压表(8)读数不变则压力装置气密性良好。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的混凝土径向气体渗透系数测试的方法，其特征在于，所述气体径向渗透系数的计算公式如下：
    Figure PCTCN2020076449-appb-100001
    式中：K——混凝土径向气体渗透系数，单位为m 2，
    p e——气体进气端的绝对压力，单位为Pa，
    p w——试验环境压力，单位为Pa，
    μ——气体的动力年度，单位为Pa·s，
    r e——被测混凝土试块的内径，单位为m，
    r w——被测混凝土试块的外径，单位为m，
    L——被测混凝土试块的高度，单位为m，
    ΔP——稳定渗流气压降，单位为Pa，
    Δt——稳定渗流时间，单位为s。
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CN107314141A (zh) * 2017-06-16 2017-11-03 深圳市红尚科技有限公司 直通阀及直通阀控制水压的方法
CN110231270A (zh) * 2019-06-05 2019-09-13 东南大学 一种混凝土气体径向渗透性能测试装置及方法

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CN113310879B (zh) * 2021-06-28 2022-07-15 南昌大学 一种自动化的混凝土抗渗性能试验用仪器
CN116413186A (zh) * 2023-03-31 2023-07-11 哈尔滨工程大学 基于温湿压耦合作用混凝土气体渗透性试验装置及方法

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