WO2020238726A1 - 一种森林大火的灭火方法 - Google Patents

一种森林大火的灭火方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020238726A1
WO2020238726A1 PCT/CN2020/091332 CN2020091332W WO2020238726A1 WO 2020238726 A1 WO2020238726 A1 WO 2020238726A1 CN 2020091332 W CN2020091332 W CN 2020091332W WO 2020238726 A1 WO2020238726 A1 WO 2020238726A1
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fire
powder
extinguishing
fire extinguishing
forest
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PCT/CN2020/091332
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English (en)
French (fr)
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姚珍汉
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姚珍汉
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Publication of WO2020238726A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020238726A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C19/00—Hand fire-extinguishers in which the extinguishing substance is expelled by an explosion; Exploding containers thrown into the fire
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0228—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of fire prevention and control, in particular to a method for extinguishing forest fires.
  • Forests are very easy to cause fires due to natural reasons (such as lightning strikes) or man-made reasons (such as field fires); once a fire is formed, it can not be extinguished for a long time, which often results in heavy personnel and property losses, and environmental pollution is also very serious.
  • fire extinguishing bombs are equipped with fire extinguishing agents, such as water, flame retardants, dry ice, mud, etc., as well as explosive fuzes.
  • fire extinguishing agents such as water, flame retardants, dry ice, mud, etc.
  • explosive fuzes Use artillery, rockets, and aircraft to project; after landing, the extinguishing agent is blown out to extinguish the fire.
  • the shock wave generated by the explosive can play a certain role in extinguishing the fire.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a brand new method for forest fire extinguishing.
  • a method for extinguishing forest fires using combustible and environmentally friendly materials to make powder with a particle size of less than 10 microns, and filling the powder in a fire extinguishing bag to encapsulate; using flying tools to carry the fire extinguishing bag to the sky above the forest fire scene and face the forest fire scene
  • the fire extinguishing bag is delivered; the fire extinguishing bag ruptures in contact with the ground and ground objects, and the powder in the fire extinguishing bag rushes out and is suspended in the forest fire scene.
  • the powder explodes after encountering an open flame.
  • the high-speed shock wave generated by the explosion will extinguish the flame at the forest fire scene.
  • the powder is selected from one or a mixture of two or more of coal powder, sawdust powder, cotton powder, paper powder, rice husk powder and nut shell powder.
  • the particle size of the powder is 5-8 microns.
  • a hole is reserved on the fire extinguishing bag, and the hole is used for the tether connection of a portable fire extinguishing bag or two or more fire extinguishing bags.
  • the delivery method of the fire extinguishing bag includes:
  • Point delivery connect two or more fire extinguishing bags in parallel through a tether to form an assembly for delivery;
  • Line delivery two or more fire extinguishing bags are delivered in series by a tether, and any two adjacent fire extinguishing bags are separated by a knot to leave a distance; or more than two of the above described collections
  • the bodies are delivered in tandem with a tether, and any two adjacent assemblies are separated by a knot with a space;
  • tandem ropes for linear delivery are connected end to end to form a closed loop delivery.
  • the fire extinguishing bag is composed of a three-layer structure, the inner layer is oiled paper, the middle layer is kraft paper, and the outer layer is cotton gauze, and the layers are glued together.
  • the method of the present invention is also suitable for extinguishing grassland fires.
  • the present invention uses combustible and environmentally friendly materials to make powder with a particle size of less than 10 microns, and fills the powder in a fire extinguishing bag for packaging as a thrown at the forest fire site; compared with traditional fire extinguishing bombs, the present invention makes The cost of this kind of input is extremely low. Conventional coal powder or discarded paper powder, rice husk powder, and nut powder can be used as fillers.
  • the fire extinguishing bag only needs to be packaged and waterproof, and there is no need to invest too much cost; At the same time, the dropped material is very environmentally friendly. Even if it remains on the scene after being dropped, it will not pollute the environment, and there will be no hidden safety hazards that have not been detonated, and the transportation is safe.
  • the fire extinguishing bag made by the present invention can be put together in a large number and put together with a large weight, so it can be put at a higher height over the fire scene, so that the flying tools will not be affected by the high temperature of the flame or the strong wind in the forest valley.
  • the fire extinguishing bag made by the present invention does not have high requirements for delivery accuracy, because the high-temperature airflow in the fire field rises to form a vacuum, which will cause the cool air flow from all sides to immediately flow to the center to fill the vacuum.
  • This process can also drive the surrounding area
  • the suspended powder that has not touched the open flame gathers towards the fire site and explodes; at the same time, because the upward moving air flow in the fire site can throw the burning branches into the atmosphere, and even fall many miles away from the center of the fire site; the fire extinguishing bag can pass through
  • the tether can be freely combined into point, line, and surface release methods, and the coverage area is large enough to meet the requirements of the fire fighting range. This method can also be applied to grassland fires.
  • the present invention uses this principle to carry out forest fire extinguishing; the present invention uses fire extinguishing bags to carry powder with a particle size of less than 10 microns. After being dropped at high altitude, the fire extinguishing bag will inevitably break when it comes in contact with the ground and ground objects, and the powder will then rush out because the specific surface area of the powder is large.
  • the resulting high-speed shock wave will instantly extinguish the surrounding flames.
  • the fire extinguishing speed is extremely fast and the fire extinguishing time is short, which can greatly reduce the loss of life and property.
  • a method for extinguishing forest fires Firstly, combustible and environmentally friendly materials are used to make powder with a particle size of less than 10 microns, and the powder is filled in a fire extinguishing bag for packaging.
  • This method mainly uses the principle of dust explosion to extinguish fires.
  • dust explosion generally needs to meet the following four conditions:
  • the dust must have a relatively large specific surface area (that is, the particle size is less than ten microns);
  • the powder can be selected from one or more of coal powder, sawdust powder, cotton powder, paper powder, rice husk powder and nut shell powder; the particle size of the powder is preferably 5-8 microns.
  • Coal powder, sawdust powder, cotton powder, paper powder, rice husk powder and nut shell powder are all common powder materials with very low cost, and even some are often treated as waste materials. At the same time, they can be stored for a long time as long as they are not damp and will not deteriorate easily.
  • the fire extinguishing bag design consists of a three-layer structure, the inner layer is oiled paper (tough base paper, soaked in tung oil), the purpose is to waterproof and moisture-proof; the middle layer of kraft paper is used as the main support of the bag, and the outer layer is Cotton gauze (industrial pure cotton sizing and shaped gauze, with a density of less than 50 per inch of warp and weft), which acts as a reinforcing rib; each layer is glued together.
  • the inner layer is oiled paper (tough base paper, soaked in tung oil), the purpose is to waterproof and moisture-proof
  • the middle layer of kraft paper is used as the main support of the bag
  • the outer layer is Cotton gauze (industrial pure cotton sizing and shaped gauze, with a density of less than 50 per inch of warp and weft), which acts as a reinforcing rib; each layer is glued together.
  • the production cost of the whole fire extinguishing bag and the filling powder is much lower than that of fire extinguishing bombs on the market, and the materials are environmentally friendly and pollution-free.
  • the storage, transportation and use are very safe, even if they remain in the fire site, they will not cause harm.
  • a hole is left on the fire extinguishing bag, and the hole is used for the tether connection of the portable fire extinguishing bag or two or more fire extinguishing bags.
  • Point delivery connect two or more fire extinguishing bags in parallel through a tether and deliver them as an assembly
  • Line delivery two or more fire extinguishing bags are delivered in series by a tether, and any two adjacent fire extinguishing bags are separated by a knot to leave a distance; or more than two fire extinguishing bags
  • the aggregates are connected in series by a tether, and any two adjacent aggregates are separated by a knot with a space;
  • tandem ropes for linear delivery are connected end to end to form a closed loop delivery.
  • the above method 1 is mainly used when the fire site area is not large, and methods 2 and 3 are suitable for larger fire site areas according to specific needs.
  • the combination method and the number of throwing can be adjusted freely and flexibly to meet the needs of the fire site.
  • the flying tools can be helicopters, fixed-wing aircrafts, heavy-duty drones, etc.
  • the fire extinguishing bags can be put together in a certain number, so the weight is relatively large, so it can be put in the higher air over the fire field, and the flying tools are not easy Affected by high flames or strong winds in forest valleys.
  • the fire extinguishing bag after being put into rushes to the fire field with the acceleration of flight and its own free fall. Whether it touches the ground or other ground objects such as tree branches, the fire extinguishing bag will rupture rapidly due to the strong impact, and then the powder inside will rush come out.
  • the present invention uses fire extinguishing bag as a carrier to carry powder into the field, and the powder will not be blown away; and unlike fire extinguishing bombs, the method of the present invention does not require the accuracy of delivery High; the upward-moving airflow in the fire field can throw the burning branches into the atmosphere, and even fall many miles away from the center of the fire field.
  • the fire extinguishing bag can be freely combined into point, line and surface types through tethers. The delivery method, covering a large area, is sufficient to meet the requirements of the fire extinguishing range.
  • the powder Because of the large specific surface area of the powder, it will be suspended in the fire field, and the high temperature updraft in the fire field can bring the suspended powder into the ascending channel; during this process, the powder will deflagrate and explode when encountering an open flame; at the same time, the fire field is high in temperature. After the airflow rises, a vacuum is formed. The cool air flow from all surrounding parties will immediately flow to the center to fill this vacuum; this process can also drive the surrounding remaining suspended powder to gather. When they encounter an open flame, they will also deflagrate and produce immediately Explosion, the high-speed shock wave generated by the dust explosion will instantly extinguish the open flame.
  • the method has low input cost, fast fire extinguishing speed, long-term storage, transportation and safe use of the fire extinguishing bag, and will not cause pollution and safety hazards to the environment after fire extinguishing, and has industrial applicability.

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  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种森林大火的灭火方法，是利用可燃且环保的材料制成粒径小于10微米的粉末，并将粉末填充于灭火袋内封装；利用飞行工具携带灭火袋到达森林火灾现场上空，朝森林火灾现场投送灭火袋；灭火袋与地面及地面物体接触破裂，灭火袋内的粉末冲出并悬浮于森林火灾现场，粉末遇明火后发生爆炸，利用爆炸产生的高速冲击波将森林火灾现场的火焰扑灭；本方法的投入成本很低、灭火速度快、灭火袋可长期储存、运输及使用过程安全，灭火后对环境也不会造成污染和安全隐患。

Description

一种森林大火的灭火方法 技术领域
本发明涉及火灾防治领域，特别是一种森林大火的灭火方法。
 背景技术
森林由于自然原因（如雷击）或人为原因（如野外用火）等，极易造成火灾；一旦火灾形成，由于长时间无法扑灭，往往造成重大人员财产损失，环境污染也十分严重。
如中国1987年5月6日—6月2日的大兴安岭森林大火，火场总面积1.7万平方千米。境内受灾面积101万公顷，出动5.88万军警民参与灭火；1万余居民受灾，211人遇难，266人烧伤，直接经济损伤5亿多元。
2018年美国加州森林大火，从11月8日烧到11月23日，波及620平方公里，85人遇难，14万幢住宅被毁，15万英亩土地被烧毁,出动万余消防员,880辆消防车，134辆推土机,14架直升飞机，火势依然无法控制，最后是靠大雨才使大火被扑灭；这场火灾的燃烧速度极快，每分钟就能烧掉80个足球场大的面积，火苗甚至可以越过8车道宽40米的101号高速公路。
2019年3 月底四川森林大火造成30人遇难。
全球年均发生森林火灾20多万次，我国也曾达年均7000次。
哥伦比亚大学教授帕克·威廉姆斯(Park Williams）是当今世界上研究气候变化导致森林火灾问题权威专家之一，他认为，森林大火是一种自然现象，就象海洋的存在一样威力无边，山火一旦燃烧起来就远远超过人类的控制能力，山火可以说类似于以燃烧为动力的飓风，燃烧的大火在火场的中心释放出大量向上冲的灼热气体，这股上升的气流在火场的核心地带制造出一片真空，而这真空又迫使外面的冷的气流由各个方向快速向火场中心涌入，当这种向上移动的气流形式保持强劲时，就能将燃烧的树枝高高地抛到大气中，再落到离火场许多英里之外去，落地后又可能引发新的火灾，有时这个方向上涌动的气流通道会在某个小的位置发生坍塌，大气中的灼热空气就会通过这个小的坍塌点垂直下降，这时就会有一股移动速度非常快的气流朝着地面冲来，当它一碰到地面后就会象凝胶泼洒在地板上一样散开来。同样它还能将无比灼热的空气送到火苗前面，在火焰真正烧到之前就将整片土地化成灰烬。就是这种现象导致森林在并未接触到火苗的情况下就自己燃烧起来。所以当火势很猛时，直升机投下的水和阻燃剂均无济于事。
气候专家认为，全球气候变暖，受到影响最明显的是森林大火频繁发生，火灾季节延长，发生地区在增加，全球火情变得空前活跃；自上世纪八十年代以来每年大火烧毁的土地面积都以百分之一千的速度在递增；目前世界上任何一个国家对灾难性森林大火都无能为力，尚没有绝对有效的扑救技术及方法，山火的扑救是世界级难题。
森林大火多发生在地形复杂，交通不便，人迹罕至之地，为尽快扑灭大火还是以飞行工具执行为好；现有方法有如下几种：
1、利用飞机洒水或阻燃剂；这种方法经过实践已被证明效果不好；因为飞机灭火的最佳飞行高度为100－240米，但由于山林风力大，火焰温度高（2000摄氏度），高度低会影响飞机操控；但飞机的飞行高度增加后，水或阻燃剂会被吹散，影响灭火效果；所以目前出动飞机都是在离火场较远处用水或阻燃剂洒出一条阻断火场隔离带，间接进行防火，对火场没有直接灭火作用。
2、投放灭火弹：灭火弹内装有灭火剂，如：水，阻燃剂，干冰，泥浆等，另有炸药引信等。用火炮、火箭、飞机投送；落地后将灭火剂炸出来灭火，其中的炸药所产生的冲击波可起到一定的灭火作用。
此方法也存在两个问题，一是飞机不能飞的太低，火场烟雾太大，精度和散布面都不好控制；投中火场的可起到一些作用，没投中的不但毫无作用，还会损伤一些未着火的树木；二是灭火弹投放后经常会有一些因故未爆炸而存留在现场，这就带来相当大的安全隐患；首先是不能确定到底有多少个灭火弹未爆炸，然后是这些未爆弹不能确定留置在哪里，最后加上森林火场的覆盖面积大，交通不便，灭火的同时如果要考虑排爆，是难以同时进行的；所以投放灭火弹的方法也是不可行的。
根据上述目前世界各国采用的扑灭森林大火的主要方法，及目前世界各国的实践而言，森林山火是不可能扑灭的；帕克·威廉姆斯教授甚至认为：我们正处于山火肆虐频率增加的时代，最好的结果是当山火发生时，在气候条件允许的情况下，让一部分森林在受控制的情况下被烧掉，人们对此应该包容。
 技术问题
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种全新的森林灭火方法。
 技术解决方案
为此本发明设计采用如下方案：
一种森林大火的灭火方法，利用可燃且环保的材料制成粒径小于10微米的粉末，并将粉末填充于灭火袋内封装；利用飞行工具携带灭火袋到达森林火灾现场上空，朝森林火灾现场投送灭火袋；灭火袋与地面及地面物体接触破裂，灭火袋内的粉末冲出并悬浮于森林火灾现场，粉末遇明火后发生爆炸，利用爆炸产生的高速冲击波将森林火灾现场的火焰扑灭。
优选的，所述粉末选自煤粉、锯末粉、棉粉、纸粉、稻壳粉及坚果壳粉中的一种或两种以上混合。
优选的，所述粉末的粒径为5-8微米。
优选的，所述灭火袋上留有孔，所述孔用于手提灭火袋或两个以上灭火袋的系绳连接。
优选的，所述灭火袋的投送方式包括：
点式投送：将两个以上的灭火袋通过系绳并联为一个集合体投送；
线式投送：将两个以上的灭火袋通过系绳串联在一起投送，任意相邻的两个灭火袋之间通过绳结隔开留有间距；或将两个以上的所述的集合体通过系绳串联在一起投送，任意相邻的两个集合体之间通过绳结隔开留有间距；
面式投送：将所述的线式投送的串联用绳首尾相接形成闭环状投送。
优选的，所述灭火袋由三层结构组成，内层为油纸，中间层牛皮纸，外层为棉纱布，各层间通过胶粘合在一起。
同时，本发明的方法也适用于草原大火的灭火。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明利用可燃且环保的材料制成粒径小于10微米的粉末，并将粉末填充于灭火袋内封装，作为森林火灾现场的投放物；相较于传统的灭火弹，本发明制作的这种投放物的成本极低，常规的煤粉或废弃的纸粉、稻壳粉、坚果粉类均可以作为填充物，灭火袋只需满足包装和防水即可，也无需投入过多成本；同时此投放物十分环保，即使在投放后残留在现场也不会对环境造成污染，更不会存在未被引爆的安全隐患，且运输安全。
2、本发明制作的灭火袋可以多数量集合为一体投放，重量较大，所以在火灾现场上空可在较高的高度投放，使飞行工具基本不会受到火焰高温或林区山谷的大风影响。
3、本发明制作的灭火袋对投放精度要求不高，因为火场的高温气流上升后形成了真空，会使得周围各方的凉空气流立即向中心流动来填充这个真空，这个过程也可带动周围未接触明火的悬浮的粉末朝火场汇集，发生爆炸；同时因为火场中向上移动的气流能将燃烧的树枝抛向大气中，甚至落到离火场中心许多英里之外处；而本灭火袋可以通过系绳自由组合为点式、线式、面式的投放方式，覆盖面积较大，足以满足灭火范围的要求，本方法同样也可以适用于草原火灾。
4、粉尘爆炸本来是消防工作中需要特别加以防范的，但在爆炸时会瞬间释放出大量的能量，形成高速冲击波，在森林大火中会使已燃物温度急剧降低到燃点以下而熄灭，故本发明以此原理来进行森林灭火；本发明以灭火袋携带粒径小于10微米的粉末，灭火袋高空投落后与地面及地面物体接触必然发生破裂，粉末随后冲出，因为粉末的比表面积大会悬浮在空中，与明火接触后发生爆炸，产生的高速冲击波会将周围火焰瞬间扑灭，灭火速度极快，灭火用时短，可以大幅减少生命财产的损失。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
以下通过具体的实施例来对本发明做进一步详细的说明。
一种森林大火的灭火方法，首先利用可燃且环保的材料制成粒径小于10微米的粉末，并将粉末填充于灭火袋内封装。
本方法主要是利用粉尘爆炸的原理来进行灭火的，作为消防工程中需要重点防范的情况，粉尘爆炸一般需要满足以下四个条件：
（1）粉尘本身必须是可燃的；
（2）粉尘必须具有相当大的比表面积（即粒径小于十微米）；
（3）粉尘必须悬浮在空气中，与空气混合形成爆炸极限范围内的混合物（下限为20－60克/每立方米，上限为2－6公斤/每立方米）；
（4）有足够的点火能量（十毫焦耳以上）。
在森林大火的现场完全可以满足上述条件。
作为优选实施方式，粉末可以选自煤粉、锯末粉、棉粉、纸粉、稻壳粉及坚果壳粉中的一种或两种以上混合；粉末的粒径在5-8微米为宜。
煤粉、锯末粉、棉粉、纸粉、稻壳粉及坚果壳粉均为常见的粉末材料，成本极低，甚至部分常作为废料垃圾处理；同时只要不受潮就可以长期储存，不易变质。
作为优选实施方式，灭火袋设计由三层结构组成，内层为油纸（较韧的原纸，用桐油浸泡而成），目的是为了防水防潮；中间层牛皮纸，作为袋子的主要支撑，外层为棉纱布（工业用纯棉上浆定型纱布，密度在每英寸经纬相加50根以下），起加强筋的作用；各层间通过胶粘合在一起。
整体灭火袋及填充粉末的制作陈本要大幅低于市面上的灭火弹，且材料环保无污染，贮存运输及使用都十分安全，即使在火场残留也不会造成危害。
作为优选实施方式，为了方便灭火袋的运输和投送，在灭火袋上留有孔，该孔用于手提灭火袋或两个以上灭火袋的系绳连接。
灭火袋的投送方式可以是以下三种：
1、点式投送：将两个以上的灭火袋通过系绳并联为一个集合体投送；
2、线式投送：将两个以上的灭火袋通过系绳串联在一起投送，任意相邻的两个灭火袋之间通过绳结隔开留有间距；或将两个以上的所述的集合体通过系绳串联在一起投送，任意相邻的两个集合体之间通过绳结隔开留有间距；
3、面式投送：将所述的线式投送的串联用绳首尾相接形成闭环状投送。
上述方式1主要用于火场面积不大的情况，方式2、3根据具体需要适用于较大火场面积的情况，可以自由灵活调节组合方式和投放数量，适应火灾现场的需要。
灭火时，利用飞行工具携带灭火袋到达森林火灾现场上空，朝森林火灾现场投送灭火袋。
飞行工具可以选用直升机、固定翼飞机、大载重量的无人机等，灭火袋以一定的数量可以集合投放，因此重量较大，所以在火场上空可在较高的空中投放，飞行工具就不易受到火焰高温或林区山谷的大风影响。
投放后的灭火袋带着飞行的加速度及自身的自由落体加速度冲向火场，不论是碰到地面或是树枝等地面物体，灭火袋都会因强烈的冲击作用迅速破裂，然后内部的粉末就会冲出来。
不同于传统的高空喷洒水及灭火剂，本发明是以灭火袋为载体携带粉末进场，不会发生粉末被吹散的情况；而且不同于灭火弹，本发明方法对投放精度的要求也不高；火场中向上移动的气流能将燃烧的树枝抛向大气中，甚至落到离火场中心许多英里之外处，而本灭火袋可以通过系绳自由组合为点式、线式、面式的投放方式，覆盖面积较大，足以满足灭火范围的要求。
因粉末的比表面积大所以会悬浮在火场中，而火场中因有高温上升气流可将悬浮的粉末带入上升通道；在这个过程中粉末遇到明火就会发生爆燃并且产生爆炸；同时火场高温气流上升后会形成了真空，周围各方的凉空气流会立即向中心流动来填充这个真空；这个过程也可以带动周围其他残留悬浮的粉末汇集，当它们遇到明火也会发生爆燃并立即产生爆炸，粉尘爆炸产生的高速冲击波会将明火瞬间扑灭。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳具体实施方式，但本发明保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此本发明保护范围以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
 工业实用性
本方法的投入成本很低、灭火速度快、灭火袋可长期储存、运输及使用过程安全，灭火后对环境也不会造成污染和安全隐患，具有工业实用性。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种森林大火的灭火方法，其特征在于：利用可燃且环保的材料制成粒径小于10微米的粉末，并将粉末填充于灭火袋内封装；利用飞行工具携带灭火袋到达森林火灾现场上空，朝森林火灾现场投送灭火袋；灭火袋与地面及地面物体接触破裂，灭火袋内的粉末冲出并悬浮于森林火灾现场，粉末遇明火后发生爆炸，利用爆炸产生的高速冲击波将森林火灾现场的明火扑灭。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种森林大火的灭火方法，其特征在于：所述粉末选自煤粉、锯末粉、棉粉、纸粉、稻壳粉及坚果壳粉中的一种或两种以上混合。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种森林大火的灭火方法，其特征在于：所述粉末的粒径为5-8微米。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种森林大火的灭火方法，其特征在于：所述灭火袋上留有孔，所述孔用于手提灭火袋或两个以上灭火袋的系绳连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种森林大火的灭火方法，其特征在于：所述灭火袋用飞行工具的投送方式包括：
    点式投送：将两个以上的灭火袋通过系绳并联为一个集合体投送；
    线式投送：将两个以上的灭火袋通过系绳串联在一起投送，任意相邻的两个灭火袋之间通过绳结隔开留有间距；或将两个以上的所述的集合体通过系绳串联在一起投送，任意相邻的两个集合体之间通过绳结隔开留有间距；
    面式投送：将所述的线式投送的串联用绳首尾相接形成闭环状投送。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任意项所述的一种森林大火的灭火方法，其特征在于：所述灭火袋由三层结构组成，内层为油纸，中间层牛皮纸，外层为棉纱布，各层间通过胶粘合在一起。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任意项所述的一种森林大火的灭火方法，其特征在于：该方法也适用于草原大火的灭火。
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