WO2020238402A1 - 非接触式磁流体转速测量装置、设计方法及转速测量方法 - Google Patents
非接触式磁流体转速测量装置、设计方法及转速测量方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020238402A1 WO2020238402A1 PCT/CN2020/082645 CN2020082645W WO2020238402A1 WO 2020238402 A1 WO2020238402 A1 WO 2020238402A1 CN 2020082645 W CN2020082645 W CN 2020082645W WO 2020238402 A1 WO2020238402 A1 WO 2020238402A1
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- speed measuring
- rotational speed
- magnetic fluid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
- G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
- G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
- G01P3/487—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of rotational speed measuring devices, in particular to a non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device, a design method and a rotational speed measuring method.
- the rotational speed measuring device is a measuring device that converts the rotational speed of a rotating object into electrical output.
- Most of the existing rotational speed measuring devices are indirect measuring devices, and common rotational speed measuring devices can be manufactured by methods such as mechanical processing, electromagnetic processing, and hybrid processing. According to different signal forms, rotational speed measuring devices can be divided into analog and digital types, which have a wide variety and wide application.
- Commonly used rotational speed measurement devices include photoelectric, capacitive, variable reluctance, and tachogenerators.
- the prior art mainly conducts rotational speed measurement by directly transmitting the rotational state, but this form causes the speed measuring device to generate a certain amount of load and resistance on the speed measuring shaft. This phenomenon is particularly obvious in electromechanical systems.
- the bearing bush of the internal measuring device is constantly rubbing under a live condition, and it is also very easy to generate heat, and even after being worn, it may generate electric sparks, which seriously affects the performance of the electrical connector and causes dangerous accidents.
- most of the current speed measuring devices need to use precision micromachining to manufacture the core components of the measuring device.
- this kind of measuring device requires a complex microstructure in design; this causes the existing speed measuring devices to have poor stability, poor safety and small application range. The problem.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device, a design method, and a rotational speed measuring method in response to the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, aiming to solve the poor stability and safety of the prior art rotational speed measuring device.
- the scope of application is small.
- a non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device which measures the rotational speed of the object to be measured through an external current detection circuit, which includes: a speed measuring shaft and a speed measuring sleeve arranged on a coaxial center, so The speed measuring sleeve is sleeved on the speed measuring shaft, and a gap is provided between the speed measuring shafts; the speed measuring sleeve is provided with a speed measuring cavity, and the speed measuring cavity is provided with a conductive coating, an induction electrode and a magnetic Fluid, the conductive coating and the sensing electrode are externally connected to the current detection circuit and are arranged coaxially with the speed measuring shaft; the speed measuring shaft is fixed with a speed measuring magnet, and the speed measuring magnet and the sensing electrode are arranged in the same radial direction; The speed measuring shaft is used to connect the speed output end of the object to be measured, and synchronously drive the speed measuring magnet to rotate.
- the speed measuring sleeve is arranged in a hollow cylindrical shape, the speed measuring cavity has a first inner surface close to the speed measuring shaft and a second inner surface relatively far from the speed measuring shaft, and the conductive coating is arranged On the first inner surface, the second inner surface is provided with a sensing electrode ring, and sensing electrodes are spaced apart on the sensing electrode ring.
- the non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device further includes a base, and one end of the speed measuring sleeve is integrally connected with the base.
- a sealing end cover is provided at one end of the speed measuring sleeve away from the base, and the sealing end cover is arranged in a circular ring shape.
- a sealing permanent magnet is also arranged near the first inner surface.
- the non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device further includes a rotor, the rotor is arranged between the speed measuring shaft and the speed measuring sleeve, and the rotor is fixed on the speed measuring shaft and is connected to the speed measuring shaft.
- a gap is arranged between the sleeves, and the speed measuring magnet is arranged on the surface of the rotor facing the speed measuring sleeve.
- the rotor is provided with a rotor sink groove on the surface facing the speed measuring sleeve, and the speed measuring magnet is fixed on the rotor sink groove by a fixed sliding block, and the fixed sliding block and the rotor are screwed together fixed.
- the connecting end of the rotor and the speed measuring shaft is provided with a shaft end baffle.
- the rotor and the speed measuring shaft are detachably and fixedly connected by a fixed key; the surface of the rotor and the speed measuring shaft is provided with a first key slot, and the speed measuring shaft is correspondingly provided with a second key slot.
- the key slot, the fixed key container is placed in the first key slot and the second key slot.
- a rotational speed measurement method for measuring the rotational speed of the object to be measured which includes: connecting the rotational speed output end of the object to be measured with the non-contact type as described in any of the above The speed measuring shaft connection of the magnetic fluid speed measuring device;
- a design method of a non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device which is used in the non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device as described in any one of the above, includes the steps :
- Step S11 preparing a magnetic fluid according to the non-magnetic micro and nano conductive particles
- Step S12 design the components of the non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measurement device according to the rotational speed output terminal of the object to be measured and the rotational speed measurement environment;
- Step S13 design the number of sensing electrodes m according to the width and rotational speed measurement requirements of the speed measuring magnet;
- Step S14 design the base according to the installation environment and location size, spray the conductive coating on the bottom of the speed measuring chamber, install the sensing electrode ring, and check the coaxiality of the base and the sensing electrode ring, and adjust the thickness of the sensing electrode ring fixing part The actual effective gap of the speed measuring cavity;
- Step S15 design the sealing end cover according to the size of the base, and design the end cover sealing permanent magnet installation groove on the sealing end cover, install the sealing permanent magnet, and fill the prepared magnetic fluid mixed with non-magnetic conductive particles into the velocity measurement cavity In and test its anti-leakage characteristics;
- Step S16 the rotor equipped with the speed measuring magnet and the magnet stopper with threaded hole is installed on the speed measuring shaft through the key connection and the shaft end baffle, and the speed measuring shaft is placed in the test position corresponding to the sensing electrode ring.
- the present invention provides a non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device, a design method and a rotational speed measuring method;
- the non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device measures the rotational speed of the object to be measured through an external current detection circuit, which includes : A speed measuring shaft and a speed measuring sleeve arranged concentrically, the speed measuring sleeve is sleeved on the speed measuring shaft, and a gap is provided between the speed measuring shafts;
- the speed measuring sleeve is provided with a speed measuring cavity, so A conductive coating, an induction electrode, and a magnetic fluid are arranged in the speed measurement cavity, and the conductive coating and the induction electrode are connected to an external current detection circuit and are arranged coaxially with the speed measurement shaft;
- the speed measurement shaft is fixed with a speed measurement magnet, so The speed measuring magnet and the sensing electrode are arranged in the same radial direction; the speed measuring shaft is used to connect the rotation speed output terminal of the object to be measured, and synchronously
- Fig. 1 is a first three-dimensional schematic diagram of a non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device in the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a second three-dimensional schematic diagram of a non-contact magnetic fluid rotation speed measuring device in the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of A in Fig. 3.
- Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of B in Fig. 3.
- the present invention provides a non-contact type magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device 10, the non-contact type magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device 10 through the external reception of the rotating output end (not shown) of the object to be measured, to achieve and wait
- the measured object rotates synchronously, and outputs a current pulse signal through an external current detection circuit (not shown), and then calculates the rotation speed of the rotating output terminal according to the current pulse signal.
- the non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device 10 includes a speed measuring shaft 11 and a speed measuring sleeve 12, the speed measuring sleeve 12 is sleeved on the speed measuring shaft 11; further, the speed measuring sleeve 12 and the speed measuring shaft 11 It is arranged concentrically, and a gap is provided between the speed measuring sleeve 12 and the speed measuring shaft 11; that is, the speed measuring shaft 11 and the speed measuring sleeve 12 are not in contact with each other.
- the speed measuring sleeve 12 is provided with a speed measuring cavity 121
- the speed measuring cavity 121 is provided with a conductive coating 122, a sensing electrode 123 and a magnetic fluid
- the conductive coating 122 is provided with a gap between the sensing electrodes 123, that is, there is no contact between the sensing electrode 123 and the conductive coating 122, and the magnetic fluid is filled in the
- the conductive coating 122 and the sensing electrode 123 are externally connected to the current detection circuit, and are arranged coaxially with the speed measurement shaft 11; specifically, the conductive coating 122 is externally connected to the current of the current detection circuit
- the input terminal, the sensing electrode 123 is connected to the current output terminal of the current detection circuit; that is, the conductive coating is an electrode in the speed measurement cavity 121 connected to the current detection circuit, and the sensing electrode 123 is the speed measurement cavity 121
- the sensing electrode 123 is the speed measurement cavity 121
- the speed measuring shaft 11 is fixed with a speed measuring magnet 111, and the speed measuring magnet 111 and the sensing electrode 123 are arranged in the same radial direction; the speed measuring magnet 111 can generate magnetic fields and different directions. It can be understood that the speed measuring shaft 11 carries the speed measuring magnet 111 to rotate, so that the direction of the magnetic line of the speed measuring magnet 111 changes continuously; when the speed measuring magnet 111 and the sensing electrode 123 have the same diameter When distributed in a direction, the speed measuring magnet 111 will generate a magnetic line of induction connecting the sensing electrode 123 and the conductive coating 122.
- the magnetic fluid includes ferromagnetic fluid, non-magnetic conductive particles and a base fluid, and the ferromagnetic fluid and non-magnetic conductive particles are uniformly distributed in the base fluid; it can be seen that the ferromagnetic fluid And the base fluid is an insulator. Further, under the action of the magnetic field of the speed magnet, the non-magnetic conductive particles will self-assemble along the magnetic line of induction to form a chain structure.
- the chain structure of the non-magnetic conductive particles can realize the sensing electrodes 123 and The electrical conduction between the conductive coatings 122, therefore, the circuit can be closed and disconnected by controlling the magnetic field to change the state of the magnetic fluid, so that the non-contact magnetic fluid speed measuring device 10 can output a current pulse signal.
- the speed measuring magnet 111 and the sensing electrode 123 when the speed measuring magnet 111 and the sensing electrode 123 are distributed in the same radial direction, the speed measuring magnet 111 will generate a magnetic line of induction connecting the sensing electrode 123 and the conductive coating 122, thereby causing the non- The magnetic conductive particles connect the sensing electrode 123 and the conductive coating 122 in a chain, and then electrically connect the sensing electrode 123 and the conductive coating 122, so that the measurement finally causes the non-contact magnetic fluid rotation speed measuring device 10 to output a current pulse
- the speed measuring shaft 11 is connected to the rotation output end of the object to be measured, and the speed measuring magnet 111 is continuously rotating, that is, the direction of the magnetic line of the speed measuring magnet 111 is also constantly changing; further, whenever the When the speed magnet 111 and the sensing electrode 123 are distributed in the same radial direction, a magnetic line of induction connecting the conductive coating 122 and the sensing electrode 123 will be generated, that is, the non-magnetic
- the speed measuring sleeve 12 is configured as a hollow cylindrical shape, and the speed measuring cavity 121 has a first inner surface 125 close to the speed measuring shaft 11 and relatively far away from the speed measuring shaft 11
- the conductive coating 122 is disposed on the first inner surface 125, and the second inner surface 126 is provided with a sensing electrode ring (not shown).
- the electrode 123, the conductive coating 122 coats the entire first inner surface 125, and the magnetic fluid is filled between the sensing electrode 123 and the conductive coating 122. It can be understood that the sensing electrodes 123 include one or more.
- the sensing electrodes 123 When the sensing electrodes 123 are provided in multiples, the sensing electrodes 123 are evenly distributed on the sensing electrode ring, and the speed measuring shaft 11 carries the speed measurement One revolution of the magnet 111 will cause the magnetic fluid to electrically conduct the plurality of sensing electrodes 123 and the conductive coating 122 in turn, thereby causing the non-contact magnetic fluid speed measuring device 10 to output a current pulse signal equivalent to the number of sensing electrodes 123 Therefore, the non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device 10 can complete accurate measurement of the rotational speed of the object to be measured under no load, which effectively improves the stability and safety of rotational speed measurement.
- the sensing electrode ring is made of polymer material and insulating hard plastic; specifically, the sensing electrode 123 and circuit are first plated on the surface of the polymer material, and then sealed and bent to fit On the inner surface of the ring-shaped fixed part made of insulating hard plastic, the circuit is connected to the output terminal of the test current, and then the current on the sensing electrode 123 is output in time to generate a current pulse signal.
- the test sensing electrode ring can also be used to adjust the gap size of the speed measurement cavity 121, that is, the sensing electrode ring can also be used to adjust the sensing electrode 123 and the conductive coating 122.
- the gap between the velocity measurement cavity 121 is filled with magnetic fluid, and the gap between the sensing electrode 123 and the conductive coating 122 is 50-100 ⁇ m; it can be seen that the sensing electrode 123
- the size of the gap with the conductive coating 122 is negatively related to the rotation speed of the object to be measured; that is, the greater the rotation speed of the object to be measured, the greater the gap between the sensing electrode 123 and the conductive coating 122
- the smaller the rotational speed of the object to be measured the larger the gap between the sensing electrode 123 and the conductive coating 122; of course, when the rotational speed of the object to be measured is small, the sensing electrode 123 and the The gap between the conductive coatings 122 can also be set to be smaller.
- the size of the gap between the sensing electrode 123 and the conductive coating 122 is adjusted through the sensing electrode ring, so that the non-contact magnetic fluid rotation speed measuring device 10 can accurately measure the rotation speed of objects with different rotation speeds, and improve the non-contact magnetic fluid rotation speed.
- the measuring device 10 measures stability.
- the non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device 10 further includes a base 13, one end of the speed measuring sleeve 12 is integrally connected with the base 13, and the end of the speed measuring sleeve 12 away from the base 13 is provided with Opening (not shown), the end of the speed measuring sleeve 12 away from the base 13 is provided with a sealing end cover 14, and the sealing end cover 14 is arranged in a circular ring; that is, one end of the speed measuring cavity 121 is The base is sealed, and the other end is sealed by the sealing end cover 14.
- the sealing end cover 14 By providing the sealing end cover 14, the magnetic fluid solution in the speed measuring cavity 121 can be replaced and filled, and the maintenance of the Speed measuring sleeve 12.
- the base 13 is made of non-magnetic material, thereby effectively avoiding interference with the magnetic field distribution of the speed measuring magnet 111 in the speed measuring cavity 121, and effectively increasing the non-contact magnetic fluid speed measuring device 10 Stability and accuracy of speed measurement.
- a sealing permanent magnet 15 is further arranged near the first inner surface 125.
- the sealing permanent magnet 15 is used to assist the sealing end cover 14 to strengthen the sealing effect of the magnetic fluid in the speed measuring cavity 121 and prevent the magnetic fluid from leaking.
- the non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device 10 further includes a rotor 16, which is arranged between the speed measuring shaft 11 and the speed measuring sleeve 12, and the rotor 16 is fixed to the speed measuring shaft 11 There is a gap between it and the speed measuring sleeve 12.
- the speed measuring magnet 111 is arranged on the surface of the rotor 16 facing the speed measuring sleeve 12.
- the rotor 16 is arranged in a circular ring shape, and the inner diameter of the rotor 16 is adapted to the outer diameter of the speed measuring shaft 11; one end of the rotor 16 is fixed to the speed measuring shaft 11 by a fixed key 19 On one end.
- the surface of the rotor 16 in contact with the speed measuring shaft 11 is provided with a first key slot (not shown), and the speed measuring shaft 11 is correspondingly provided with a second key slot (not shown), so
- the fixed key 19 is accommodated in the first key slot and the second key slot; it can be understood that the fixing of the rotor 16 and the speed measuring shaft 11 can be realized by setting the fixed key 19; at the same time, it can also be realized Replacement and maintenance of the rotor 16 or the speed measuring shaft 11.
- the rotor 16 is provided with a rotor counter groove (not shown in the figure) on the surface of the rotor 16 facing the speed measuring sleeve 12, and the speed measuring magnet 111 is fixed on the rotor counter groove by a fixed sliding block 18, so The fixed sliding block 18 and the rotor 16 are screwed and fixed. It should be noted that the rotor 16 is fixed in contact with the speed measuring shaft 11, but the rotor 16 is not in contact with the speed measuring sleeve 12; this effectively reduces the speed measuring load of the speed measuring shaft 11 and improves the The safety of non-contact magnetic fluid speed measuring device when measuring speed.
- a shaft end baffle 17 is provided at the connecting end of the rotor 16 and the speed measuring shaft 11. That is, the end of the rotor 16 and the speed measuring shaft 11 away from the object to be measured is sealed by the shaft end baffle 17; the shaft end baffle 17 is set as a circular plate, which is fixed on the rotor 16 by bolts By setting the shaft end baffle 17, the interference of dust on the rotor 16 and the speed measuring shaft 11 can be effectively avoided, and the application range of the non-contact magnetic fluid rotation speed measuring device 10 can be improved.
- the present invention also provides a rotational speed measurement method for measuring the rotational speed of an object to be measured, which includes:
- the present invention also provides a design method of the non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device, which includes:
- Step S11 preparing a magnetic fluid according to the non-magnetic micro and nano conductive particles.
- the magnetic fluid mainly includes non-magnetic conductive particles, ferromagnetic fluid and a base fluid; wherein the particle size of the non-magnetic conductive particles is set to micron or nano-level; according to the physical and chemical properties of the non-magnetic conductive particles
- the ferromagnetic fluid is selected as the base fluid; wherein, the ferromagnetic fluid is an insulator, and the non-magnetic conductive particles are uniformly dispersed and suspended in the ferromagnetic fluid.
- the ferromagnetic fluid is selected from a temperature-sensitive insulating ferromagnetic fluid with good heat dissipation;
- the base fluid can be prepared by using solvents such as water, motor oil, and hydroxy oil; and the non-magnetic conductive particles are in the design of the magnetic field
- the self-assembly efficiency of chain length L can reach 70% under the strength.
- Step S12 design the components of the non-contact magnetic fluid rotation speed measurement device according to the rotation speed output terminal of the object to be measured and the rotation speed measurement environment.
- step S13 the number of sensing electrodes m is designed according to the width and rotational speed measurement requirements of the speed measuring magnet.
- Step S14 design the base according to the installation environment and location size, spray the conductive coating on the bottom of the speed measurement chamber, install the sensing electrode ring, and check the coaxiality of the base and the sensing electrode ring, and adjust the thickness of the sensing electrode ring fixing part The actual effective gap of the speed measuring chamber.
- the actual effective gap of the speed measurement cavity is the gap between the sensing electrode and the conductive coating, and the gap between the sensing electrode and the conductive coating should be smaller than all
- the length of the non-magnetic conductive particles assembled into chains under the stated magnetic field strength is defined as L 1
- the gap between the sensing electrode and the conductive coating is defined as L 2
- the length of the non-magnetic conductive particles assembled into a chain under the magnetic field strength is defined as L 2
- the L 2 /4 ⁇ L 1 ⁇ L 2 is defined as L 2 .
- Step S15 design the sealing end cover according to the size of the base, and design the end cover sealing permanent magnet installation groove on the sealing end cover, install the sealing permanent magnet, and fill the prepared magnetic fluid mixed with non-magnetic conductive particles into the velocity measurement cavity In and test its anti-leakage characteristics.
- a gap of 0.02-0.20 mm needs to be left between the sealing permanent magnet and the sealing surface.
- Step S16 the rotor equipped with the speed measuring magnet and the magnet stopper with threaded hole is installed on the speed measuring shaft through the key connection and the shaft end baffle, and the speed measuring shaft is placed in the test position corresponding to the sensing electrode ring.
- step S17 after the initial assembly, a power-on test experiment is required to ensure the effectiveness of the assembly.
- the present invention provides a non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device, a design method and a rotational speed measuring method;
- the non-contact magnetic fluid rotational speed measuring device measures the rotational speed of the object to be measured through an external current detection circuit, which includes : A speed measuring shaft and a speed measuring sleeve arranged concentrically, the speed measuring sleeve is sleeved on the speed measuring shaft, and a gap is provided between the speed measuring shafts;
- the speed measuring sleeve is provided with a speed measuring cavity, so A conductive coating, an induction electrode, and a magnetic fluid are arranged in the speed measurement cavity, and the conductive coating and the induction electrode are connected to an external current detection circuit and are arranged coaxially with the speed measurement shaft;
- the speed measurement shaft is fixed with a speed measurement magnet, so The speed measuring magnet and the sensing electrode are arranged in the same radial direction; the speed measuring shaft is used to connect the rotation speed output terminal of the object to be measured, and synchronously
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Abstract
一种非接触式磁流体转速测量装置（10），包括同轴心设置的测速轴（11）和测速套筒（12），测速套筒（12）套设于测速轴（11）上，且与测速轴（11）之间设置有间隙；测速套筒（12）开设有测速腔体（121），测速腔体（121）内设置有导电涂层（122）、感应电极（123）和磁流体，导电涂层（122）和感应电极（123）外接电流检测电路，且与测速轴（11）同轴心设置；测速轴（11）固定有测速磁铁（111），测速磁铁（111）与感应电极（123）同径向设置；测速轴（11）用于连接待测物体转速输出端，并同步带动测速磁铁（111）转动。进而有效降低了测速轴（11）产生负载，提高其安全性、稳定性和适用范围。还提供一种非接触式磁流体转速测量装置（10）的设计方法及转速测量方法。
Description
本发明涉及转速测量装置领域，尤其涉及的是非接触式磁流体转速测量装置、设计方法及转速测量方法。
转速测量装置是一种将旋转物体的转速转换为电量输出的测量装置。现有转速测量装置大都属于间接式测量装置，常见的转速测量装置可用机械加工、电磁加工和混合加工等方法制造。按信号形式的不同，转速测量装置可分为模拟式和数字式，其种类繁多且应用极广。常用的转速测量装置有光电式、电容式、变磁阻式以及测速发电机等。
现有技术的主要是通过直接传递转动状态来进行转速测量，但这种形式造成测速测量装置对测速轴产生了一定量的负载和阻力，这种现象在机电系统中尤为明显。另外，内部测量装置的轴瓦在带电状况下不断摩擦，也极易发热，甚至磨损之后还可能产生电火花，严重影响电连接器的性能，并导致危险事故的发生。且目前大多数转速测量装置需要使用精密微加工来制造测量装置核心部件，一是这种测量装置在设计上需要复杂的微观结构；这造成现有转速测量装置稳定性差、安全性差以及适用范围小的问题。
因此，现有技术存在缺陷，有待改进与发展。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术中的上述缺陷，提供非接触式磁流体转速测量装置、设计方法及转速测量方法，旨在解决现有技术转速测量装置稳定性差、安全性差以及适用范围小。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案如下：一种非接触式磁流体转速测量装置，通过外接电流检测电路测量待测物体转速，其包括：同轴心设置的测速轴和测速套筒，所述测速套筒套设于所述测速轴上，且所述测速轴之间设置有间隙；所述测速套筒开设有测速腔体，所述测速腔体内设置有导电涂层、感应电极和磁流体，所述导电涂层和感应电极外接电流检测电路，且与所述测速轴同轴心设置；所述测速轴固定有测速磁铁，所述测速磁铁与所述感应电极同径向设置；所述测速轴用于连接待测物体的转速输出端，并同步带动所述测速磁铁转动。
进一步的，所述测速套筒设置为中空圆柱形，所述测速腔体具有一靠近所述测速轴的第一内表面和相对远离所述测速轴的第二内表面，所述导电涂层设置于所述第一内表面上，所述第二内表面设置有感应电极环，所述感应电极环上间隔设置感应电极。
进一步的，所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置还包括一底座，所述测速套筒一端与所述底座一体连接。
进一步的，所述测速套筒远离所述底座的一端设置有密封端盖，所述密封端盖设置为圆环形。
进一步的，所述测速套筒与所述密封端盖之间，靠近所述第一内表面处还设置有密封永磁铁。
进一步的，所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置还包括一转子，所述转子设置于所述测速轴和测速套筒之间，所述转子固定于所述测速轴上，且与所述测速套筒之间设置有间隙，所述测速磁铁设置于所述转子朝向所述测速套筒表面上。
进一步的，所述转子朝向所述测速套筒的面上开设有转子沉槽，所述测速磁铁通过一固定滑块固定于所述转子沉槽上，所述固定滑块和所述转子螺接固定。
进一步的，所述转子与所述测速轴的连接端设置有轴端挡板。
进一步的，所述转子与所述测速轴通过一固定键可分离固定连接；所述转子与所述测速轴接触的面上开设有第一键位沉槽，所述测速轴对应开设有第二键位沉槽，所述固定键容置于所述第一键位沉槽和第二键位沉槽中。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的又一技术方案如下：一种转速测量方法，用于测量待测物体的转速，其包括：将待测物体转速输出端与如上任一项所述的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置的测速轴连接；
开启待测物体后，所述待测物体的转速R＝N/(m×T)，其中，N为时间段T内，所述电流检测电路接受到的电流脉冲信号个数；m为所述感应电极的个数。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的又一技术方案如下：一种非接触式磁流体转速测量装置的设计方法,用于如上任一项所述的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置中,其包括步骤:
步骤S11，根据非磁性微纳米导电颗粒制备磁流体；
步骤S12，根据待测物体转速输出端和转速测量环境，设计所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置的组件；
步骤S13，根据测速磁铁的宽度和转速测量需求，设计感应电极个数m；
步骤S14，根据安装环境和位置尺寸设计底座，在测速腔体底部进行导电涂层的喷涂， 安装感应电极环，并检查底座与感应电极环的同轴度，通过感应电极环固定件的厚度调节测速腔体的实际有效间隙；
步骤S15，根据底座尺寸设计密封端盖，在密封端盖上需要设计端盖密封永磁铁安装槽，安装密封永磁铁，将制备好的混有非磁性导电颗粒的磁流体充入到测速腔体中并测试其防泄漏特性；
步骤S16，将装有测速磁铁和带螺纹孔磁铁挡块的转子通过键连接和轴端挡板安装在在测速轴上，并将测速轴安放到与感应电极环对应的测试位置。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供了非接触式磁流体转速测量装置、设计方法及转速测量方法；所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置通过外接电流检测电路测量待测物体转速，其包括：同轴心设置的测速轴和测速套筒，所述测速套筒套设于所述测速轴上，且所述测速轴之间设置有间隙；所述测速套筒开设有测速腔体，所述测速腔体内设置有导电涂层、感应电极和磁流体，所述导电涂层和感应电极外接电流检测电路，且与所述测速轴同轴心设置；所述测速轴固定有测速磁铁，所述测速磁铁与所述感应电极同径向设置；所述测速轴用于连接所述待测物体转速输出端，并同步带动所述测速磁铁转动。进而有效降低了所述测速轴的测速负载，提高其安全性、稳定性和适用范围。
图1是本发明所中一种非接触式磁流体转速测量装置的第一立体示意图。
图2是本发明中一种非接触式磁流体转速测量装置的第二立体示意图。
图3是本发明中一种非接触式磁流体转速测量装置的一剖视示意图。
图4是图3中A放大示意图。
图5是图3中B放大示意图。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
请参阅图1，本发明提供了一种非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10，所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10通过外接待测物体的转动输出端(未图示)，实现与待测物体同步转动，并通过外接电流检测电路(未图示)输出电流脉冲信号，进而依据所述电流脉冲信号计算所述转动输出端的转速。所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10包括测速轴11和测速套筒12，所 述测速套筒12套设于所述测速轴11上；进一步的，所述测速套筒12和测速轴11同轴心设置，且所述测速套筒12与所述测速轴11之间设置有间隙；即所述测速轴11与所述测速套筒12相互之间并不接触。进而有效降低了所述测速轴11承受的测速负载和阻力，也有效避免了测速轴11和测速套筒12直接摩擦损坏、发热乃至产生电火花，有效提升了非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10使用寿命提高了其使用稳定性和使用范围；同时，也有效避免了危险事故，提高了其安全性和适用范围。
请进一步结合参阅图2、图3和图4，进一步的，所述测速套筒12开设有测速腔体121，所述测速腔体121内设置有导电涂层122、感应电极123和磁流体(未图示)，所述导电涂层122于所述感应电极123之间设置有间隙，即所述感应电极123与所述导电涂层122之间并不接触，所述磁流体填充于所述测速腔体121中；同时，所述导电涂层122和感应电极123外接电流检测电路，且与所述测速轴11同轴心设置；具体的，所述导电涂层122外接电流检测电路的电流输入端，所述感应电极123外接电流检测电路的电流输出端；即所述导电涂层是测速腔体121中，连接所述电流检测电路的一电极，所述感应电极123为测速腔体121中连接所述电流检测电路的另一电极；当所述导电涂层122和感应电极123电导通之后，所述外接电路检测电路就会产生电流信号；进而，通过控制所述导电涂层122和感应电极123的闭合和断开，控制所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10输出电流脉冲信号。
请进一步结合参阅图5，更进一步的，所述测速轴11固定有测速磁铁111，所述测速磁铁111与所述感应电极123同径向设置；所述测速磁铁111可以产生磁场和不同方向的磁感线；可以理解，所述测速轴11承载所述测速磁铁111转动，进而使所述测速磁铁111的磁感线方向不断发生变化；当所述测速磁铁111与所述感应电极123同径向分布时，所述测速磁铁111会产生一连接所述感应电极123和导电涂层122的磁感线。同时，需要说明的是，所述磁流体包括铁磁流体、非磁性导电颗粒和基液，所述铁磁流体和非磁性导电颗粒均匀分布于所述基液中；可知，所述铁磁流体和基液为绝缘体。进一步的，所述非磁性导电颗粒在测速磁铁的磁场作用下，会出现沿磁感线方向进行自组装从而形成链状结构，链状结构的非磁性导电颗粒，能够实现所述感应电极123和导电涂层122之间的电导通，因此可以通过控制磁场改变磁性流体的状态来实现电路闭合和断开，进而使所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10输出电流脉冲信号。
具体的，当所述测速磁铁111与所述感应电极123同径向分布时，所述测速磁铁111会产生一连接所述感应电极123和导电涂层122的磁感线，进而使所述非磁性导电颗粒链性连接所述感应电极123和导电涂层122，进而电导通所述感应电极123和导电涂层122，使所述 测最终使非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10输出一电流脉冲信号；同时，由于所述测速轴11连接待测物体的转动输出端，而所述测速磁铁111不断转动，即所述测速磁铁111的磁感线方向也不断改变；进一步的，每当所述测速磁铁111与所述感应电极123同径向分布时，就会产生一连接所述导电涂层122和感应电极123的磁感线，也就是所述非磁性导电颗粒链性连接所述感应电极123和导电涂层122，所述感应电极123和所述导电涂层122被电导通一次，所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10输出一电流脉冲信号，进而可以检测电流脉冲信息的个数，来计量待测物体转动输出端的转动圈数。需要说明的是，所述电流检测电路为现有技术，其仅需要检测到有电流出现即可，本发明仅做应用，而不针对所述电流检测电路做具体限定。
请继续参阅图4，进一步的，所述测速套筒12设置为中空圆柱形，所述测速腔体121具有一靠近所述测速轴11的第一内表面125和相对远离所述测速轴11的第二内表面126，所述导电涂层122设置于所述第一内表面125上，所述第二内表面126设置有感应电极环(未图示)，所述感应电极环上间隔设置感应电极123，所述导电涂层122涂覆全部第一内表面125上，所述磁流体填充于所述感应电极123和导电涂层122之间。可以理解，所述感应电极123包括一个或者多个，当感应电极123设置为多个时，多个感应电极123之间均匀分布于所述感应电极环上，所述测速轴11承载所述测速磁铁111转动一周，会使磁流体依次将多个感应电极123与导电涂层122电导通，进而使所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10输出，等同于感应电极123个数的电流脉冲信号，进而使所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10在无负载的情况下，即可完成对待测物体转速的精准测量，有效提高了转速测量的稳定性和安全性。
在一实施例中，所述的感应电极环由高分子材料和绝缘硬质塑料制备而成；具体的，首先在所述高分子材料表面镀上感应电极123及电路，然后封并弯曲贴合在绝缘硬质塑料制成的环形固定件内表面，该电路连接着测试电流的输出端，进而将所述感应电极123上的电流及时输出，进而产生一电流脉冲信号。
需要说明的是，所述测试感应电极环也可以用于调节所述测速腔体121间隙大小的作用，即所述感应电极环也可以用于调节所述感应电极123与所述导电涂层122之间的间隙大小；可以理解，所述测速腔体121间隙内填充磁流体，所述感应电极123与所述导电涂层122之间间隙的大小为50-100μm；可知，所述感应电极123与所述导电涂层122之间间隙的大小，与待测物体的转速大小呈负相关关系；即待测物体转速越大，所述感应电极123与所述导电涂层122之间间隙的越小；同时，所述待测物体转速越小，所述感应电极123与所述导电涂层122之间的间隙越大；当然，所述待测物体转速较小时，所述感应电极123与所述导电涂 层122之间的间隙，也可以设置为较小。进而通过所述感应电极环实现调节所述感应电极123和导电涂层122之间间隙大小，实现非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10对不同转速物体转速的精准测量，提升非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10测量稳定性。
优选的，所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10还包括一底座13，所述测速套筒12一端与所述底座13一体连接，所述测速套筒12远离所述底座13的一端设置有开口(未图示)，所述测速套筒12远离所述底座13的一端设置有密封端盖14，所述密封端盖14设置为圆环形；即，所述测速腔体121一端被所述基座密封，另一端被所述密封端盖14密封；而通过设置所述密封端盖14，可以实现对所述测速腔体121内磁流体溶液的更换和填充，同时也方便维护所述测速套筒12。需要说明的是，所述底座13由非磁性材料制作，进而有效避免干扰所述测速磁铁111在所述测速腔体121中的磁场分布，有效增加了所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10的测速稳定性和精确性。
优选的，所述测速套筒12与所述密封端盖14之间，靠近所述第一内表面125处还设置有密封永磁铁15。所述密封永磁铁15用于辅助所述密封端盖14，加强对所述测速腔体121中磁流体的密封作用，防止所述磁流体泄露。
优选的，所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10还包括一转子16，所述转子16设置于所述测速轴11和测速套筒12之间，所述转子16固定于所述测速轴11上，且与所述测速套筒12之间设置有间隙，所述测速磁铁111设置于所述转子16朝向所述测速套筒12表面上。进一步的，所述转子16设置为圆环形，所述转子16的内径与所述测速轴11的外径大小相适配；所述转子16一端通过一固定键19固定于所述测速轴11的一端上。
具体的，所述转子16与测速轴11接触的面上开设有第一键位沉槽(图未标)，所述测速轴11对应开设有第二键位沉槽(图未标)，所述固定键19容置于所述第一键位沉槽和第二键位沉槽中；可以理解，通过设置固定键19可以实现所述转子16与测速轴11的固定；同时，也可以实现所述转子16或者测速轴11的更换和维护。
更进一步的，所述转子16朝向所述测速套筒12的面上开设有转子沉槽(图未标)，所述测速磁铁111通过一固定滑块18固定于所述转子沉槽上，所述固定滑块18和所述转子16螺接固定。需要说明的是，所述转子16与测速轴11接触固定，而所述转子16与所述测速套筒12之间并不接触；进而有效降低了所述测速轴11的测速负载，提高所述非接触式磁流体测速装置测量转速时的安全性。
优选的，所述转子16与所述测速轴11连接端设置有轴端挡板17。即所述转子16和测速轴11远离所述待测物体的一端，由所述轴端挡板17密封；所述轴端挡板17设置为圆形板， 其通过螺栓固定于转子16之上，通过设置轴端挡板17可以有效避免灰尘对所述转子16和测速轴11的干扰，提升所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置10的使用范围。
本发明还提供一种转速测量方法，用于测量待测物体的转速，其包括：
将待测物体转速输出端与本发明上述的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置的测速轴连接；
开启待测物体后，所述待测物体的转速R＝N/(m×T)，其中，N为时间段T内，所述电流检测电路接受到的电流脉冲信号个数；m为所述感应电极的个数。
基于本发明提供的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置，本发明还提供了所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置的设计方法，其包括：
步骤S11，根据非磁性微纳米导电颗粒制备磁流体。
具体的，所述磁流体主要包括非磁性导电颗粒、铁磁流体和基液；其中所述非磁性导电颗粒的粒径设置为微米级或者纳米级；依据所述非磁性导电颗粒的物理化学性质选择铁磁流体做基液；其中，所述铁磁流体为绝缘体，所述非磁性导电颗粒均匀分散和悬浮溶解于所述铁磁流体中。进一步的，所述铁磁流体选用具有良好的散热性的感温绝缘铁磁流体；所述基液可以选用水、机油、羟基油等溶剂进行配制；且所述非磁性导电颗粒在在设计磁场强度下组装成链长度为L的自组装效率达到70％即可。
步骤S12，根据待测物体转速输出端和转速测量环境，设计所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置的组件。
具体的，待测物体转速输出端是否带有磁性、轴径尺寸、转速范围及测量环境等条件，设计所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置的测速套筒、测速轴、键和轴端挡板测速磁铁和带螺纹孔磁铁挡块等组件。
步骤S13，根据测速磁铁的宽度和转速测量需求，设计感应电极个数m。
步骤S14，根据安装环境和位置尺寸设计底座，在测速腔体底部进行导电涂层的喷涂，安装感应电极环，并检查底座与感应电极环的同轴度，通过感应电极环固定件的厚度调节测速腔体的实际有效间隙。
具体的，所述并要求所述测速腔体的实际有效间隙即所述感应电极与所述导电涂层之间的间隙，所述感应电极与所述导电涂层之间的间隙，应小于所述磁场强度下非磁性导电颗粒组装成链的长度。进一步的，定义所述感应电极与所述导电涂层之间的间隙为L
1，定义所述磁场强度下非磁性导电颗粒组装成链的长度为L
2，则所述L
2/4<L
1<L
2。
步骤S15，根据底座尺寸设计密封端盖，在密封端盖上需要设计端盖密封永磁铁安装槽，安装密封永磁铁，将制备好的混有非磁性导电颗粒的磁流体充入到测速腔体中并测试其防泄 漏特性。
进一步的，所述密封永磁铁与密封面之间需要留有0.02-0.20mm的间隙。
步骤S16，将装有测速磁铁和带螺纹孔磁铁挡块的转子通过键连接和轴端挡板安装在在测速轴上，并将测速轴安放到与感应电极环对应的测试位置。
步骤S17，在初次装配后，需要进行通电测试实验，保证装配的有效性。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供了非接触式磁流体转速测量装置、设计方法及转速测量方法；所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置通过外接电流检测电路测量待测物体转速，其包括：同轴心设置的测速轴和测速套筒，所述测速套筒套设于所述测速轴上，且所述测速轴之间设置有间隙；所述测速套筒开设有测速腔体，所述测速腔体内设置有导电涂层、感应电极和磁流体，所述导电涂层和感应电极外接电流检测电路，且与所述测速轴同轴心设置；所述测速轴固定有测速磁铁，所述测速磁铁与所述感应电极同径向设置；所述测速轴用于连接所述待测物体转速输出端，并同步带动所述测速磁铁转动。进而有效降低了所述测速轴产生负载，提高其安全性、稳定性和适用范围。
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (11)
- 一种非接触式磁流体转速测量装置，通过外接电流检测电路测量待测物体转速，其特征在于，包括：同轴心设置的测速轴和测速套筒，所述测速套筒套设于所述测速轴上，且所述测速轴之间设置有间隙；所述测速套筒开设有测速腔体，所述测速腔体内设置有导电涂层、感应电极和磁流体，所述导电涂层和感应电极外接电流检测电路，且与所述测速轴同轴心设置，所述磁流体中包括非磁性导电颗粒；所述测速轴固定有测速磁铁，所述测速磁铁与所述感应电极同径向设置；所述测速轴用于连接待测物体的转速输出端，并同步带动所述测速磁铁转动。
- 根据权利要求1所述的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置，其特征在于，所述测速套筒设置为中空圆柱形，所述测速腔体具有一靠近所述测速轴的第一内表面和相对远离所述测速轴的第二内表面，所述导电涂层设置于所述第一内表面上，所述第二内表面设置有感应电极环，所述感应电极环上间隔设置感应电极。
- 根据权利要求2所述的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置，其特征在于，所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置还包括一底座，所述测速套筒一端与所述底座一体连接。
- 根据权利要求3所述的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置，其特征在于，所述测速套筒远离所述底座的一端设置有密封端盖，所述密封端盖设置为圆环形。
- 根据权利要求4所述的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置，其特征在于，所述测速套筒与所述密封端盖之间，靠近所述第一内表面处还设置有密封永磁铁。
- 根据权利要求1所述的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置，其特征在于，所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置还包括一转子，所述转子设置于所述测速轴和测速套筒之间，所述转子固定于所述测速轴上，且与所述测速套筒之间设置有间隙，所述测速磁铁设置于所述转子朝向所述测速套筒表面上。
- 根据权利要求6所述的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置，其特征在于，所述转子朝向所述测速套筒的面上开设有转子沉槽，所述测速磁铁通过一固定滑块固定于所述转子沉槽上，所述固定滑块和所述转子螺接固定。
- 根据权利要求6所述的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置，其特征在于，所述转子与所述测速轴的连接端设置有轴端挡板。
- 根据权利要求6所述的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置，其特征在于，所述转子与所述测速轴通过一固定键可分离固定连接；所述转子与所述测速轴接触的面上开设有第一键位沉 槽，所述测速轴对应开设有第二键位沉槽，所述固定键容置于所述第一键位沉槽和第二键位沉槽中。
- 一种转速测量方法，用于测量待测物体的转速，其特征在于，包括：将待测物体转速输出端与如权利要求1-9任一项所述的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置的测速轴连接；开启待测物体后，所述待测物体的转速R＝N/(m×T)，其中，N为时间段T内，所述电流检测电路接受到的电流脉冲信号个数；m为所述感应电极的个数。
- 一种非接触式磁流体转速测量装置的设计方法，用于权利要求1-9任一项所述的非接触式磁流体转速测量装置中,其特征在于,所述方法包括步骤:步骤S11，根据非磁性微纳米导电颗粒制备磁流体；步骤S12，根据待测物体转速输出端和转速测量环境，设计所述非接触式磁流体转速测量装置的组件；步骤S13，根据测速磁铁的宽度和转速测量需求，设计感应电极个数m；步骤S14，根据安装环境和位置尺寸设计底座，在测速腔体底部进行导电涂层的喷涂，安装感应电极环，并检查底座与感应电极环的同轴度，通过感应电极环固定件的厚度调节测速腔体的实际有效间隙；步骤S15，根据底座尺寸设计密封端盖，在密封端盖上需要设计端盖密封永磁铁安装槽，安装密封永磁铁，将制备好的混有非磁性导电颗粒的磁流体充入到测速腔体中并测试其防泄漏特性；步骤S16，将装有测速磁铁和带螺纹孔磁铁挡块的转子通过键连接和轴端挡板安装在在测速轴上，并将测速轴安放到与感应电极环对应的测试位置。
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