WO2020237973A1 - 高压注入式混药装置 - Google Patents

高压注入式混药装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020237973A1
WO2020237973A1 PCT/CN2019/111272 CN2019111272W WO2020237973A1 WO 2020237973 A1 WO2020237973 A1 WO 2020237973A1 CN 2019111272 W CN2019111272 W CN 2019111272W WO 2020237973 A1 WO2020237973 A1 WO 2020237973A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
medicine
supply unit
water
injection port
mixer
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PCT/CN2019/111272
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石毅新
蒋蘋
汪福杰
周书娴
卢向阳
胡文武
罗亚辉
王奕
Original Assignee
湖南农业大学
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Application filed by 湖南农业大学 filed Critical 湖南农业大学
Publication of WO2020237973A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020237973A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4316—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
    • B01F35/21—Measuring
    • B01F35/211—Measuring of the operational parameters
    • B01F35/2111—Flow rate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/80—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed
    • B01F35/83—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed by controlling the ratio of two or more flows, e.g. using flow sensing or flow controlling devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to plant protection technology, in particular to a high-pressure injection type medicine mixing device.
  • the present invention provides a high-pressure injection type medicine mixing device, which is used to solve the problem that the existing online medicine mixing device cannot meet the large-scale mixing demand and the existing large-scale mixing medicament supply cannot meet the conventional general-purpose booster pump. Technical issues of traffic demand.
  • the technical solution proposed by the present invention is:
  • a high-pressure injection type medicine mixing device includes:
  • the water supply unit, the medicine supply unit, the float tank, the booster pump and the medicine mixer is connected to the medicine injection port of the medicine mixer through the booster pump, and the water supply unit is connected to the water injection port of the medicine mixer, and the water supply unit
  • the float tank is also connected with the medicine outlet of the medicine supply unit and the inlet of the booster pump to premix the medicine output from the medicine supply unit with the water output from the float tank.
  • the pipeline from the water supply unit to the float tank is arranged higher than the float tank; the front end of the water injection port of the mixer is equipped with a throttle valve to adjust the water flow directly from the water supply unit into the mixer will be premixed
  • the aqueous solution preferentially enters the float tank.
  • the device further includes a control unit, the outlet of the water supply unit is provided with a first flow meter, and the outlet of the medicine supply unit is provided with a second flow meter.
  • the control unit is connected to the first flow meter and the second flow meter respectively.
  • the water supply amount of the water supply unit and the medicine supply amount of the medicine supply unit are collected to control the water withdrawal amount of the water supply unit and the medicine withdrawal amount of the medicine supply unit through negative feedback.
  • the water outlet of the water supply unit is respectively connected to the water injection port of the mixer and the inlet of the float tank through the first three-way joint, and the first flow meter is arranged between the water outlet of the water supply unit and the first three-way joint
  • the inlet of the booster pump is respectively connected to the medicine outlet of the medicine supply unit and the outlet of the float tank through the second three-way joint, and the second flow meter is arranged between the medicine outlet of the medicine supply unit and the second three-way joint between.
  • a pressure regulating valve is provided between the first three-way joint and the inlet of the float tank to adjust the water flow pressure at the inlet of the float tank within the working range of the float valve.
  • the medicine supply unit includes a medicine tank and a peristaltic pump connected to the medicine tank;
  • the water supply unit includes a water tank and a diaphragm pump connected to the water tank.
  • the medicine mixer includes a cylindrical or cylindrical medicine mixing cavity, and a water injection port and a medicine injection port arranged at one end of the medicine mixing cavity.
  • the medicine injection port is arranged on the water injection port and arranged at an angle to the water injection port. More than one set of steel plate combinations and irregularly distributed spoilers are scattered in the medicine cavity along the axial direction.
  • a combination of more than one set of steel plates includes a plurality of steel plates arranged in parallel at an average or uneven interval, the plurality of steel plates are arranged along the axial direction of the mixing chamber or at an angle to the axial direction of the mixing chamber, and the plurality of steel plates They are all fixed on the inner wall of the medicine mixing cavity, and the two or more steel plate combinations are arranged vertically or at an angle (preferably arranged vertically).
  • both sides of each group of steel plate assembly in the radial direction are connected with the inner wall of the medicine mixing cavity.
  • the number of spoilers is multiple, and the multiple spoilers are arranged in a radial direction and are irregularly distributed or spaced apart on a spiral line, and are fixed on the inner wall of the mixing chamber.
  • the size is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the mixing cavity.
  • the high-pressure injection type medicine mixing device of the present invention realizes the preliminary mixing of the medicine while compensating the flow of the booster pump, so that the mixing accuracy of the medicine in the whole circuit is higher; and the water flow and the medicine flow in the whole circuit are guaranteed. Under the same premise, the mixing precision is improved, and the requirements for the mixer are reduced, making it more convenient to use; real-time online mixing can be realized, avoiding pesticide waste, reducing environmental pollution, and the entire device has a simple structure and a high degree of modularity. , Simple installation and operation, suitable for most of the current plant protection machinery, with low cost, high economy, and good uniform mixing.
  • the high-pressure injection type medicine mixing device of the present invention adjusts the relevant components through the control unit to realize online medicine mixing, which can meet the needs of large proportions of medicines, and the concentration of the medicine solution can reach 500:1-3000: 1.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-pressure injection-type drug mixing device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is another structural schematic diagram of the high-pressure injection-type drug mixing device of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the medicine mixer of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of A in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of B in Fig. 3.
  • the high-pressure injection type medicine mixing device of this embodiment includes: a water supply unit, a medicine supply unit, a float tank, a booster pump, and a medicine mixer 3.
  • the medicine supply unit passes through the booster pump and the medicine mixer 3.
  • the medicine injection port 1 is connected, the water supply unit is connected to the water injection port 2 of the medicine mixer 3, and the water supply unit is also connected to the medicine outlet of the medicine supply unit and the inlet of the booster pump through the float box to deliver the medicine output from the medicine supply unit Premix with the water output from the float tank. While compensating the flow of the booster pump, the initial mixing of the medicine is realized.
  • the secondary mixing is completed in the medicine mixer 3, which makes the mixing accuracy of the medicine in the whole circuit higher; it ensures that the water flow and the medicine flow in the whole circuit are different. Under the premise of changing, the mixing precision is improved, and the requirement on the medicine mixer 3 is reduced, and the use is more convenient.
  • the water outlet of the water supply unit is respectively connected to the water injection port 2 of the medicine mixer 3 and the inlet of the float tank through the first three-way joint 8, and the first flow meter is arranged at the water outlet of the water supply unit and the first Between the three-way joints 8; the inlet of the booster pump is respectively connected with the medicine outlet of the medicine supply unit and the outlet of the float tank through the second three-way joint 9, and the second flow meter is arranged at the medicine outlet of the medicine supply unit And between the second three-way joint 9.
  • the pipeline from the water supply unit into the float tank is arranged higher than the float tank.
  • a pressure regulating valve 10 is provided between the first three-way joint 8 and the inlet of the float tank to adjust the water flow pressure at the inlet of the float tank within the working range of the float valve.
  • a pressure regulating valve 10 is added to the front end of the floating ball valve to ensure that the water pressure is within the working range of the floating ball valve to prevent the floating ball valve from being unable to close and dripping.
  • the front end of the water injection port 2 of the medicine mixer 3 is equipped with a throttle valve 11 to adjust the water flow directly into the medicine mixer 3 from the water supply unit, so that the pre-mixed aqueous solution preferentially enters the float tank.
  • the medicine supply unit includes a medicine box and a peristaltic pump connected to the medicine box (in this embodiment, the medicine injection pump is a peristaltic pump, and the peristaltic pump mainly receives a signal from the controller and adjusts the medicine supply amount by adjusting the speed).
  • the water supply unit includes a water tank (in this embodiment, the water tank is made of corrosion-resistant 304 steel plate) and a diaphragm pump connected to the water tank (in this embodiment, the diaphragm pump is a four-cylinder diaphragm pump, and the control unit controls the rotation speed of the diaphragm pump flow).
  • the water outlet of the water supply unit is equipped with a first flow meter (flow sensor a in Figure 1), and the medicine outlet of the medicine supply unit is equipped with a second flow meter (flow sensor b in Figure 1).
  • the control unit and the first The flow meter is connected to the second flow meter and collects the water supply amount of the water supply unit and the medicine supply unit.
  • the control component is also connected to the control ends of the injection pump and the diaphragm pump to control the water withdrawal of the water supply unit through negative feedback.
  • the medicine mixer 3 is a cylindrical medicine mixing cavity, and a water injection port 2 and a medicine injection port 1 are arranged at one end of the medicine mixing cavity, and the medicine injection port 1 is arranged at the water injection port 2.
  • the upper part and the water injection port 2 are arranged at an angle, so that the medicine is injected into the water flow at high pressure.
  • the two start from one end of the medicine mixer 3 along the inner wall of the medicine mixer 3 and then mix from the medicine liquid outlet 4 at the other end of the medicine mixer 3 Output; the pipe diameter of the liquid medicine outlet 4 is equal to the pipe diameter of the water injection port 2, the pipe diameter of the medicine injection port 1 is much smaller than the pipe diameter of the water injection port 2, and the high pressure injection of the medicament ensures that the flow rate of the medicament and water is not much different, and reflux is avoided.
  • the medicine mixing device Through the structure of the medicine mixing device, the secondary mixing of water and medicine is realized, and the medicine and water flow in the whole circuit are constant, and a more accurate medicine concentration is obtained.
  • more than one set of steel plate combinations and irregularly distributed spoilers 5 are arranged in the mixing cavity along the axial direction.
  • More than one set of steel plate combinations include multiple steel plates arranged in parallel at even or uneven intervals.
  • the multiple steel plates are arranged along the axial direction of the mixing cavity or at an angle to the axial direction of the mixing cavity, and the medicine is cut twice mixing.
  • a plurality of steel plates are fixed on the inner wall of the medicine mixing cavity, and the two sides of each group of steel plates in the radial direction are connected with the inner wall of the medicine mixing cavity.
  • the shape of the spoiler 5 is an irregular polygon, the number of the spoiler 5 is multiple, and the plurality of spoilers 5 are arranged in a radial direction and fixed on the inner wall of the mixing chamber in an irregular distribution.
  • the size of each spoiler 5 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the medicine mixing cavity, so that the medicine and water rotate and collide in the medicine mixing cavity to better mix.
  • the potion fluid that has been cut flows through the second steel plate assembly 7 perpendicular or at an angle to the steel plate assembly after being cut by the first steel plate assembly 6, because there is a certain angle between the two, and at the same time the first steel plate assembly 6.
  • the front and rear ends of the second steel plate assembly 7 are equipped with spoilers 5 irregularly distributed along the spiral.
  • the liquid medicine flows through the spoilers 5 irregularly distributed along the spiral to form turbulence, which can further improve the mixing effect.
  • the swirling flow can also be formed only based on the angle of the water injection port 2 and the inner wall of the mixing chamber to achieve the mixing effect, but the effect is not as good as the spoiler 5 is arranged.
  • the front end of the medicine mixer 3 adopts a bell-shaped smooth transition structure, and the end adopts an ellipsoidal structure, which avoids the phenomenon of liquid stagnation of the conventional medicine mixer 3 at the exit and entrance positions.
  • the medicine outlet of the medicine mixer 3 is set at the lower part of the middle of the outlet oval structure to avoid the situation that the medicine cannot be emptied after the medicine is mixed.
  • the medicine mixer 3 should be kept within a certain length range to avoid water Phenomenon that the potion flows out directly when the flow is too fast
  • the liquid medicine outlet 4 of the medicine mixer 3 is connected to a medicine spraying device, which includes a proportional solenoid valve and a spray head; the medicine liquid outlet 4 of the medicine mixer 3 is connected to the spray head, and the proportional solenoid valve is connected to the medicine sprayer.
  • the liquid outlet 4 and the nozzle are used to control the flow of the nozzle in real time.
  • the proportional solenoid valve is adjusted through the control component to realize variable spraying. For example, according to the travel speed of the plant protection machinery measured by the sensor, the opening of the proportional solenoid valve is adjusted to perform variable spraying operations.
  • the corresponding flow of water and input it into the float box and the mixer 3 and then the corresponding flow of the medicine is initially mixed and pressurized through the booster pump and the water passing through the float tank. Enter the mixer 3.
  • the medicine output from the medicine supply unit and the water output from the float tank are pre-mixed in the pipeline and then enter the inlet of the booster pump.
  • the aqueous solution output by the booster pump and the water directly connected to the water supply unit are in place.
  • the mixing is carried out in the medicine mixer 3; when the water level of the float tank reaches a limited height, the float valve is closed, and the water supply of the water supply unit is injected into the medicine mixer 3.
  • the control component obtains the water flow data of the flow sensor a and the medicine flow data from the flow sensor b.
  • the water flow data or medicine flow data is different from the theoretical water flow or medicine flow, it adjusts the speed of the water intake pump or the medicine injection pump to The actual water flow or medicine flow meets the ratio of water to medicine; the speed of the water intake pump and the medicine injection pump can be adjusted by collecting the actual water flow and medicine flow feedback, so as to obtain a more accurate mixed medicine. Repeat the above steps until all spraying work is completed.
  • the present invention increases the actual flow rate of the medicine at the medicine injection port 1 by pre-mixing the medicine from the medicine inlet and the water from the water outlet in the pipeline in the pressurizing circuit and pressurizing them.
  • the high-pressure injection avoids the phenomenon that the medicine flow rate is much smaller than the water flow rate when the medicine is mixed in a large proportion, and the medicine is backflowed, and the medicine water ratio cannot be completely mixed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)

Abstract

一种高压注入式混药装置，包括：供水单元、供药单元、浮球箱、增压泵以及混药器（3），供药单元通过增压泵与混药器（3）的注药口（1）相连，供水单元与混药器（3）的注水口（2）相连，且供水单元还通过浮球箱与供药单元的出药口以及增压泵的入口连通以将供药单元输出的药剂与浮球箱输出的水进行预混合。

Description

高压注入式混药装置 技术领域
本发明涉及植保技术，尤其涉及高压注入式混药装置。
背景技术
农作物病虫害的发生会造成巨大的经济损失，故需进行病虫害的防治，大多采用喷洒药物的手段。以往的混药过程中多以传统的手工混药，这样很容易造成农药浪费和药物残留污染环境，而且对作业者的身体健康造成极大威胁。
为了更适应于当代社会的发展，满足精确、安全、环保、降低成本的农药配置要求，各种在线混药技术逐渐产生。当前在线混药装置多采用常压混合，如申请号为CN201811276343的中国专利，基于微压注入式在线混药装置及混药方法，采用微压注入式的混药装置及控制方法，虽可实现在线配药，但是无法满足大比例混药需求，在大比例混药时主要量远低于注水量，会导致注药口药液回流，药水无法注入，无法实现实际混药需求。且大比例混药时药剂供给量无法满足常规通用增压泵的流量需求，在一定程度上会造成憋泵，大大缩减了增压泵的使用寿命，而使用特定专用增压泵在一定程度上又增加了成本。
故需要一种可满足大比例混药需求的在线混药装置，并提供增压泵流量补给方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种高压注入式混药装置，用以解决现有的在线混药装置无法满足大比例混药需求以及现有的大比例混药的药剂供给量无法满足常规通用增压泵的流量需求的技术问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案为：
一种高压注入式混药装置，包括：
供水单元、供药单元、浮球箱、增压泵以及混药器，供药单元通过增压泵与混药器的注药口相连，供水单元与混药器的注水口相连，且供水单元还通过浮球箱与供药单元的出药口以及增压泵的入口连通以将供药单元输出的药剂与浮球箱输出的水进行预混合。
优选地，从供水单元进入浮球箱的管道高于浮球箱布置；混药器的注水口前端装设有节流阀以调节从供水单元直接进入混药器内的水流量将经预混合的水溶液优先进入浮球箱。
优选地，装置还包括控制单元，供水单元的出水口设有第一流量计，供药单元的出药口设有第二流量计，控制单元分别与第一流量计和第二流量计相连并采集供水单元的供水量和供药单元的供药量，以通过负反馈控制供水单元的取水量和供药单元的取药量。
优选地，供水单元的出水口通过第一三通接头分别与混药器的注水口以及浮球箱的入口相连，且第一流量计设置于供水单元的出水口与第一三通接头之间；增压泵的入口通过第二 三通接头分别与供药单元的出药口以及浮球箱的出口相连，且第二流量计设置于供药单元的出药口以及第二三通接头之间。
优选地，第一三通接头与浮球箱的入口之间设有调压阀以将浮球箱的入口的水流压力调节在浮球阀工作范围内。
优选地，供药单元包括药箱和与药箱相连的蠕动泵；供水单元包括水箱和与水箱相连的隔膜泵。
优选地，混药器包括柱条型或圆柱形的混药腔，以及设置于混药腔一端的注水口和注药口，注药口设置于注水口上且与注水口呈角度布置，混药腔内沿轴向分散设置有一组以上的钢板组合以及不规则分布的扰流板。
优选地，一组以上的钢板组合包括平行布置的呈平均或不平均的间隔的多个钢板，多个钢板沿混药腔的轴向或者与混药腔的轴向呈角度布置，多个钢板均固定于混药腔的内壁上，两组或两组以上的所述钢板组合之间呈垂直或角度布置(优选为垂直布置)。
优选地，每组钢板组合在径向上的两侧均与混药腔的内壁连接。
优选地，扰流板的数量为多个，多个扰流板沿径向布置且呈不规则分布或者在螺旋线上间隔分布，并固定在混药腔的内壁上，每个扰流板的尺寸均小于混药腔的截面积。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明的高压注入式混药装置，在对增压泵进行流量补偿的同时，实现了药水的初步混合，使得整个回路中药水混合精度更高；在保证整个回路中水流量和药剂流量不变的前提下，提高混合精度，且降低了对混药器的要求，使用更为方便；可实现实时在线混药，避免农药浪费，减少环境污染，且整个装置结构简单，模块化程度高，安装操作简单，适用于当前的大部分植保机械，具有成本低、经济性高、混药均匀好的特点。
2、在优选方案中，本发明的高压注入式混药装置，通过控制单元对相关组件进行调节，实现在线混药，能够满足大比例配药需求，药水配比浓度可达500:1-3000:1。
除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外，本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。下面将参照附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是本发明优选实施例的高压注入式混药装置的结构示意图；
图2是本发明优选实施例的高压注入式混药装置的另一结构示意图；
图3是本发明优选实施例的混药器的内部结构示意图；
图4是图3的A处放大图；
图5是图3的B处放大图。
图中各标号表示：
1、注药口；2、注水口；3、混药器；4、药液出口；5、扰流板；6、第一钢板组合；7、第二钢板组合；8、第一三通接头；9、第二三通接头；10、调压阀；11、节流阀。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明，但是本发明可以由权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
参见图1，本实施例的高压注入式混药装置，包括：供水单元、供药单元、浮球箱、增压泵以及混药器3，供药单元通过增压泵与混药器3的注药口1相连，供水单元与混药器3的注水口2相连，且供水单元还通过浮球箱与供药单元的出药口以及增压泵的入口连通以将供药单元输出的药剂与浮球箱输出的水进行预混合。在对增压泵进行流量补偿的同时，实现了药水的初步混合，二次混合在混药器3中完成，使得整个回路中药水混合精度更高；在保证整个回路中水流量和药剂流量不变的前提下，提高混合精度，且降低了对混药器3的要求，使用更为方便。
本实施例中，供水单元的出水口通过第一三通接头8分别与混药器3的注水口2以及浮球箱的入口相连，且第一流量计设置于供水单元的出水口与第一三通接头8之间；增压泵的入口通过第二三通接头9分别与供药单元的出药口以及浮球箱的出口相连，且第二流量计设置于供药单元的出药口以及第二三通接头9之间。从供水单元进入浮球箱的管道高于浮球箱布置。参见图2，第一三通接头8与浮球箱的入口之间设有调压阀10以将浮球箱的入口的水流压力调节在浮球阀工作范围内。在浮球阀前端加有调压阀10，确保水压在浮球阀工作范围内，避免浮球阀无法关死，滴漏现象的发生。混药器3的注水口2前端装设有节流阀11以调节从供水单元直接进入混药器3内的水流量将经预混合的水溶液优先进入浮球箱。
供药单元包括药箱和与药箱相连的蠕动泵(本实施例中，注药泵为蠕动泵，蠕动泵主要接受控制器信号，通过调节转速调节供药量)。供水单元包括水箱(本实施例中，水箱采用耐腐蚀的304钢板制成)和与水箱相连的隔膜泵(本实施例中，隔膜泵为四缸隔膜泵，控制单元通过控制隔膜泵转速来控制流量)。供水单元的出水口设有第一流量计(图1中为流量传感器a)，供药单元的出药口设有第二流量计(图1中为流量传感器b)，控制单元分别与第一流量计和第二流量计相连并采集供水单元的供水量和供药单元的供药量，控制组件还分别与注药泵以及隔膜泵的控制端相连，以通过负反馈控制供水单元的取水量和供药单元的取药量，以使得实际的水和药剂的混合比以及流量更精准，取药量以及水和药剂的混合比可根据作物 的类型进行设定。
本实施例中，参见图3、图4，混药器3为圆柱形的混药腔，以及设置于混药腔一端的注水口2和注药口1，注药口1设置于注水口2上且与注水口2呈角度布置，使得药剂高压注入水流内，二者从混药器3的一端开始沿混药器3内的内壁混合后从混药器3的另一端的药液出口4输出；药液出口4的管径等于注水口2的管径，注药口1的管径远小于注水口2的管径，且药剂高压注入，确保药剂和水流速相差不大，避免回流。通过混药装置的结构实现水和药的二次混合，整个回路中药剂和水流量恒定，获得浓度更为精准的药水。
本实施例中，参见图5，混药腔内沿轴向分散设置有一组以上的钢板组合以及不规则分布的扰流板5。一组以上的钢板组合包括平行布置的呈平均或不平均的间隔的多个钢板，多个钢板沿混药腔的轴向或者与混药腔的轴向呈角度布置，将药水进行二次切割混合。多个钢板均固定于混药腔的内壁上，每组钢板组合在径向上的两侧均与混药腔的内壁连接。扰流板5的形状为不规则多边形，扰流板5的数量为多个，多个扰流板5沿径向布置且呈不规则分布固定在混药腔的内壁上。每个扰流板5的尺寸均小于混药腔的截面积，以使得药剂和水在混药腔内旋转碰撞从而更好地混合。切割经过的药水流体，在药水经过第一钢板组合6的切割后流经与钢板组合垂直或者呈角度布置的第二钢板组合7，因二者之间具有一定的角度，同时在第一钢板组合6、第二钢板组合7的前端和后端加装有沿螺旋线不规则分布的扰流板5，药水流经沿螺旋线不规则分布的扰流板5形成湍流，可进一步提高混合效果。
实际实施时，注药口1也可以为多个，可以均匀地将注药口1分布在水流的流经路上，汇入水流即可完成混合。在不设置扰流板5的情况下，也可以仅根据注水口2的角度和混药腔的内壁之间形成旋流，也能达到混合的效果，只是效果没有布设扰流板5好。
本实施例中，混药器3前端采用喇叭口形圆滑过渡结构，末端采用椭球型结构，避免了常规混药器3在出口和入口位置药水留滞现象的发生。混药器3出药口设置在出口椭圆形结构的中部偏下位置，避免了在混药结束后，药水无法排空的情况，同时混药器3应保持在一定的长度范围内，避免水流速过快药水直接流出的现象。本实施例中，混药器3的药液出口4与一喷药装置连接，喷药装置包括比例电磁阀和喷头；混药器3的药液出口4与喷头连接，比例电磁阀连接于药液出口4与喷头之间用于实时控制喷头的流量。通过控制组件对比例电磁阀进行调节，实现变量喷药。例如，根据传感器测得的植保机械的行进速度，调节比例电磁阀开度，进行变量喷药作业。
本实施例的高压注入式混药装置工作时：
根据用户输入的与作物类别匹配的水药比，取对应流量的水输入浮球箱和混药器3，去对应流量的药通过增压泵和通过浮球箱的水初步混合、增压后输入混药器3。该过程中，从供 药单元输出的药剂以及从浮球箱输出的水在管道内进行预混合后进入增压泵的入口，增压泵输出的水溶液与所述供水单元直连的水在所述混药器3中进行混合；当浮球箱水位达到限定高度时，浮球阀关闭，供水单元的供水量全部注入混药器3，当供药单元的出药量小于增压泵的正常工作流量时，浮球箱内水进入增压泵使得水位下降，浮球阀打开，供水单元通过管道分流分别注入混药器3和浮球箱。控制组件获取流量传感器a的水流量数据以及来自流量传感器b的药流量数据，当水流量数据或药流量数据与理论的水流量或药流量有差异时，调节取水泵或注药泵的转速至实际水流量或药流量满足水药比；可通过采集实际的水流量和药流量反馈调节取水泵和注药泵的转速，从而获得更精准的混药药水。重复上面的步骤，直至所有完成喷药工作。
综上可知，本发明通过在增压回路中，取药口的药剂和出水口的水在管道内进行初次预混合，并对其进行增压，增加了注药口1处的实际药水流量，且高压注入避免了大比例混药时药流量远小于水流量造成药剂回流，药水配比无法实现完全混合的现象。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高压注入式混药装置，其特征在于，包括：
    供水单元、供药单元、浮球箱、增压泵以及混药器(3)，所述供药单元通过增压泵与所述混药器(3)的注药口(1)相连，所述供水单元与所述混药器(3)的注水口(2)相连，且所述供水单元还通过浮球箱与所述供药单元的出药口以及所述增压泵的入口连通以将供药单元输出的药剂与浮球箱输出的水进行预混合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高压注入式混药装置，其特征在于，从所述供水单元进入浮球箱的管道高于所述浮球箱布置；所述混药器(3)的注水口(2)前端装设有节流阀(11)以调节从所述供水单元直接进入混药器(3)内的水流量将经所述预混合的水溶液优先进入浮球箱。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高压注入式混药装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括控制单元，所述供水单元的出水口设有第一流量计，所述供药单元的出药口设有第二流量计，所述控制单元分别与所述第一流量计和第二流量计相连并采集所述供水单元的供水量和所述供药单元的供药量，以通过负反馈控制供水单元的取水量和供药单元的取药量。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的高压注入式混药装置，其特征在于，所述供水单元的出水口通过第一三通接头(8)分别与混药器(3)的注水口(2)以及所述浮球箱的入口相连，且所述第一流量计设置于供水单元的出水口与所述第一三通接头(8)之间；所述增压泵的入口通过第二三通接头(9)分别与所述供药单元的出药口以及所述浮球箱的出口相连，且所述第二流量计设置于所述供药单元的出药口以及所述第二三通接头(9)之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的高压注入式混药装置，其特征在于，所述第一三通接头(8)与所述浮球箱的入口之间设有调压阀(10)以将浮球箱的入口的水流压力调节在浮球阀工作范围内。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的高压注入式混药装置，其特征在于，所述供药单元包括药箱和与药箱相连的蠕动泵；所述供水单元包括水箱和与所述水箱相连的隔膜泵。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的高压注入式混药装置，其特征在于，所述混药器(3)包括柱条型或圆柱形的混药腔，以及设置于所述混药腔一端的注水口(2)和注药口(1)，所述注药口(1)设置于所述注水口(2)上且与所述注水口(2)呈角度布置，所述混药腔内沿轴向分散设置有一组以上的钢板组合以及不规则分布的扰流板(5)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的高压注入式混药装置，其特征在于，一组以上的钢板组合包括平行布置的呈平均或不平均的间隔的多个钢板，多个钢板沿混药腔的轴向或者与混药腔的轴向呈角度布置，多个钢板均固定于混药腔的内壁上；两组以上的所述钢板组合之间呈垂直或角度布置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的高压注入式混药装置，其特征在于，每组所述钢板组合在径向上的两侧均与所述混药腔的内壁连接。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的高压注入式混药装置，其特征在于，所述扰流板(5)的数量为多个，多个所述扰流板(5)沿径向布置且呈不规则分布或者在螺旋线上间隔分布，并固定在所述混药腔的内壁上，每个所述扰流板(5)的尺寸均小于所述混药腔的截面积。
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