WO2020235073A1 - 光通信装置、制御方法、及び制御プログラム - Google Patents
光通信装置、制御方法、及び制御プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020235073A1 WO2020235073A1 PCT/JP2019/020420 JP2019020420W WO2020235073A1 WO 2020235073 A1 WO2020235073 A1 WO 2020235073A1 JP 2019020420 W JP2019020420 W JP 2019020420W WO 2020235073 A1 WO2020235073 A1 WO 2020235073A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
- H04L41/0654—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery
- H04L41/0668—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery by dynamic selection of recovery network elements, e.g. replacement by the most appropriate element after failure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/03—Arrangements for fault recovery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/03—Arrangements for fault recovery
- H04B10/032—Arrangements for fault recovery using working and protection systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
- H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
- H04B10/85—Protection from unauthorised access, e.g. eavesdrop protection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/44—Star or tree networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
- H04L41/0695—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications the faulty arrangement being the maintenance, administration or management system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0866—Checking the configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/50—Address allocation
- H04L61/5007—Internet protocol [IP] addresses
- H04L61/5014—Internet protocol [IP] addresses using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q11/0067—Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0805—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
- H04L43/0817—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking functioning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q2011/0079—Operation or maintenance aspects
- H04Q2011/0081—Fault tolerance; Redundancy; Recovery; Reconfigurability
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q2011/0079—Operation or maintenance aspects
- H04Q2011/0083—Testing; Monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q2011/0088—Signalling aspects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical communication device, a control method, and a control program.
- a communication system including a PON (Passive Optical Network) system, which is an optical communication system, is known.
- the PON system includes an optical communication device (also called a "master station device") installed in a telecommunications carrier station building and a plurality of optical communication devices (also called a "slave station device”) installed on the subscriber side.
- the master station device is called OLT (Optical Line Termination).
- the slave station device is called an ONU (Optical Network Unit).
- IPoE IP over Ethernet (registered trademark)
- IPoE IP over Ethernet (registered trademark)
- the communication system includes a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server.
- the DHCP server assigns an IP (Internet Protocol) address to the client device connected to the ONU.
- the client device can connect to the upper network using the IP address.
- the configuration in the system may be redundant in order to improve the reliability of the system.
- a technique relating to a redundant configuration has been proposed (see Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1).
- the OLT stores information about the client device connected to the ONU.
- the OLT uses the information to monitor the unauthorized use of the IP address assigned to the client device.
- the OLT stores information about the client device connected to the operating ONU.
- the OLT deletes the information about the client device connected to the operating system ONU.
- the OLT generates information about the client device connected to the ONU of the standby system.
- the communication system does not connect the client device to the upper network until the information is generated. The reason is that the OLT cannot monitor using that information. In this way, the client device cannot connect to the upper network until the information is generated. Therefore, there is a problem that the client device cannot connect to the upper network for a long time.
- An object of the present invention is to connect a client device to a network in a short time.
- the communication system includes a first slave station device which is an active slave station device, a second slave station device which is a standby slave station device, a master station device connected to a network, and the first child. Includes a client device that connects to the station device and the second slave station device, and also connects to the network using the first address via the first slave station device and the master station device. ..
- An optical communication device which is the master station device according to one aspect of the present invention among communication systems is provided.
- the optical communication device includes a storage unit that stores management information indicating that the first address is assigned to the first slave station device and the client device connected to the second slave station device, and the storage unit.
- the second slave station device When it is detected that a failure has occurred in the first slave station device and a detection unit that detects that a failure has occurred in the first slave station device, the second slave station device is connected to the above.
- a communication control unit that controls communication of the client device so as to connect to the network via the second slave station device and the master station device, and the client device is the first slave station device and the master station device.
- the first one is based on the management information. It has a monitoring unit that monitors unauthorized use of addresses.
- the client device can be connected to the network in a short time.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the communication system of Embodiment 1. It is a sequence diagram which shows the IP address allocation processing of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the hardware which the OLT of Embodiment 1 has. It is a functional block diagram which shows the structure of the OLT of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the specific example of the management table of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a functional block diagram which shows the structure of ONU of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a functional block diagram which shows the structure of ONU of Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a process related to ONU authentication and UNI blockage when the ONU redundant configuration is not applied in the third embodiment.
- the redundant configuration of the ONU when applied, it is a flowchart showing the process related to the authentication of the ONU and the closure of the UNI when a new ONU is added.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a communication system according to the first embodiment.
- the communication system includes the OLT 100, ONU 200, ONU 300, and client device 500.
- the communication system may also include a switch 400, a client device 500, a DHCP server 600, an ONU 700, 701, and a client device 800, 801.
- a system including OLT100, ONU200, ONU300, ONU700, and ONU701 is also referred to as a PON system.
- the OLT 100 is connected to the ONU 200, ONU 300, and ONU 700, 701 via the splitter 10.
- control is performed based on time division multiplexing of the uplink signal.
- the uplink signal is an optical signal transmitted by the ONU to the OLT 100.
- the OLT 100 is also referred to as a master station device.
- the OLT 100 is also referred to as an optical communication device.
- the OLT 100 executes the control method.
- the OLT 100 connects to the Internet 20.
- the Internet 20 is also called a network.
- the OLT100, ONU200, ONU300, ONU700, and ONU701 measure the number of transmitted and received frames.
- the system administrator can use the number of frames to analyze the error frame occurrence status, the presence or absence of a network attack, and the identification of the occupying user.
- the client devices 500, 501, 800, 801 are also referred to as DHCP client devices.
- the client devices 500, 501, 800, and 801 connect to the Internet 20 by using the assigned IP address.
- the client device 800 connects to the Internet 20 via the ONU 700.
- the client device 801 connects to the Internet 20 via the ONU 701.
- ONU is also called a slave station device.
- the ONU 200 is an operational ONU.
- the ONU200 is also referred to as a first slave station device.
- the ONU 300 is a standby ONU.
- the ONU300 is also referred to as a second slave station device.
- the number of ONUs in the standby system is one. However, the number of ONUs in the standby system may be two or more.
- the client devices 500 and 501 are connected to the ONU 200 and the ONU 300. Specifically, the client devices 500 and 501 are connected to the ONU 200 and ONU 300 via the switch 400.
- the client devices 500 and 501 connect to the Internet 20 via the ONU 200 and the OLT 100.
- the client device 500 connects to the Internet 20 via the ONU 200 and the OLT 100 using the IP address assigned to the client device 500.
- the IP address is also referred to as a first address.
- the ONU 300 is switched to the operational ONU. Then, the client devices 500 and 501 are connected to the Internet 20 via the ONU 300 and the OLT 100.
- the switch 400 relays the communication between the operational ONU and the client devices 500 and 501.
- the number of client devices connected to the switch 400 is two. However, the number of client devices connected to the switch 400 may be three or more.
- the DHCP server 600 manages the IP address used when connecting to the Internet 20.
- the DHCP server 600 assigns an IP address and releases an IP address based on DHCP.
- FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram showing the IP address allocation process of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a case where the DHCP server 600 assigns an IP address to the client device 500. Further, FIG. 2 omits the illustration of the OLT 100, the ONU 200, and the switch 400.
- Step ST101 The client device 500 transmits a DHCP discover message to the DHCP server 600.
- the DHCP discover message is a message requesting the assignment of an IP address.
- Step ST102 The DHCP server 600 transmits a DHCP offr message to the client device 500.
- the DHCP offr message is a message including an IP address that can be used by the client device 500.
- the client device 500 transmits the DHCP request message to the DHCP server 600 when there is no problem with the IP address included in the DHCP offer message.
- the DHCP request message is a message that officially requests the DHCP server 600 to assign an IP address.
- the DHCP server 600 transmits a DHCP acck message to the client device 500.
- the DHCP acck message is a message for causing the client device 500 to set an IP address.
- the client device 500 sets the IP address according to the information indicated by the DHCP acck message. As a result, the client device 500 can connect to the Internet 20 by using the IP address.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration of the OLT of the first embodiment.
- the OLT 100 has a processor 101, a volatile storage device 102, and a non-volatile storage device 103.
- the processor 101 controls the entire OLT 100.
- the processor 101 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or the like.
- the processor 101 may be a multiprocessor.
- the OLT 100 may be realized by a processing circuit, or may be realized by software, firmware or a combination thereof.
- the processing circuit may be a single circuit or a composite circuit.
- the volatile storage device 102 is the main storage device of the OLT 100.
- the volatile storage device 102 is a RAM (Random Access Memory).
- the non-volatile storage device 103 is an auxiliary storage device of the OLT 100.
- the non-volatile storage device 103 is a Flash memory.
- the ONU 200, 300, 700, 701, client device 500, 501, 800, 801 and DHCP server 600 have a processor, a volatile storage device, and a non-volatile storage device, similarly to the DHCP 100.
- the functional blocks of the OLT 100 and the ONU 200, 300 will be described.
- FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the OLT of the first embodiment.
- the OLT 100 includes a storage unit 110, a communication control unit 120, a message processing unit 130, a redundancy management unit 140, a detection unit 150, and a monitoring unit 160.
- the storage unit 110 is realized as a storage area reserved in the volatile storage device 102 or the non-volatile storage device 103.
- a part or all of the communication control unit 120, the message processing unit 130, the redundancy management unit 140, the detection unit 150, and the monitoring unit 160 may be realized by the processor 101.
- a part or all of the communication control unit 120, the message processing unit 130, the redundancy management unit 140, the detection unit 150, and the monitoring unit 160 may be realized as a module of a program executed by the processor 101.
- the program executed by the processor 101 is also called a control program.
- the control program is recorded on a recording medium.
- the storage unit 110 stores the management table.
- the management table will be described.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a specific example of the management table of the first embodiment.
- the management table 111 is also referred to as management information.
- the management table 111 is No. , ONU ID (identifier), operation / standby, operation parameters, and operation information.
- the item of indicates an identifier of ONU.
- No. 1 is ONU200.
- No. 2 is ONU300.
- No. The illustration of the ONU corresponding to 3 and 4 is omitted.
- the ONU ID item is an identifier indicating a combination of the active ONU and the standby ONU.
- the identifier indicating the combination of ONU200 and ONU300 is N1.
- the management table 111 the ONU 200 and the ONU 300 are managed by one ONU ID.
- the operation / standby item indicates whether the operation system or the standby system is in the state.
- the management table 111 indicates that the ONU 200 is an operational system. Further, for example, the management table 111 indicates that the ONU 300 is a standby system.
- the operation parameter item indicates the parameters to be preset in the ONU.
- the operation information item includes the statistical information and the device information item.
- the statistical information item indicates the number of frames sent and received by the ONU.
- the redundancy management unit 140 acquires the number of frames transmitted / received by the ONU 200 from the ONU 200, and registers the number of frames in the management table 111.
- the device information item indicates information about the client device connected to the ONU. Specifically, the device information item includes the authentication information and the IP address item.
- the items of the authentication information indicate the MAC (Media Access Control) address of the client device connected to the ONU, the date and time when the client device was authenticated, and the user ID of the user who uses the client device.
- the item of IP address indicates the IP address assigned to the client device connected to the ONU.
- the MAC address a is the MAC address of the client device 500.
- the IP address A is an IP address assigned to the client device 500. From the relationship between the MAC address and the IP address, the device information indicates that the client device 500 is assigned the IP address A.
- the management table 111 indicates that the IP address A is assigned to the ONU 200 and the client device 500 connected to the ONU 300. Further, for example, the management table 111 may be expressed as showing the correspondence between the identifier indicating the combination of the ONU 200 and the ONU 300 and the information indicating that the IP address A is assigned to the client device 500.
- the communication control unit 120 has an O (Optical) / E (Electrical) conversion function. Further, the communication control unit 120 transmits / receives an optical signal and an electric signal.
- the message processing unit 130 executes snooping. For example, the message processing unit 130 acquires the DHCP request message transmitted by the client device 500. The message processing unit 130 acquires the MAC address of the client device 500, the information of the ONU of the operation system to which the client device 500 is connected, and the like from the DHCP request message. The message processing unit 130 stores the acquired information in the storage unit 110.
- the redundancy management unit 140 manages the ONU 200 of the operation system and the ONU 300 of the standby system. Further, the redundancy management unit 140 updates the management table 111 according to the parameters set in the ONU of the operation system and the state of the ONU of the operation system.
- the detection unit 150 detects that a failure has occurred in the ONU 200 of the operation system.
- the communication control unit 120 connects to the ONU 300 when it is detected that a failure has occurred in the ONU 200.
- the communication control unit 120 controls the communication of the client device so as to connect to the Internet 20 via the ONU 300 and the OLT 100. As a result, the client device can be connected to the Internet 20.
- the monitoring unit 160 is based on the management table 111 regardless of whether the client device 500 connects to the Internet 20 via the ONU 200 and the OLT 100 or the client device 500 connects to the Internet 20 via the ONU 300 and the OLT 100.
- the IP address assigned to the client device 500 is monitored for unauthorized use. For example, it is assumed that the client device 800 transmits a frame to the Internet 20.
- the frame includes the MAC address of the client device 800 and the IP address assigned to the client device 500.
- the monitoring unit 160 acquires the frame via the communication control unit 120.
- the monitoring unit 160 refers to the management table 111, and refers to the combination of the MAC address of the client device 500 and the IP address assigned to the client device 500, and the MAC address of the client device 800 and the IP assigned to the client device 500. Compare with the combination with the address. The monitoring unit 160 detects that the IP address assigned to the client device 500 is being used illegally by the comparison. Unauthorized use is also called spoofing.
- FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the ONU of the first embodiment.
- the ONU 200 has a PON control unit 210 and a UNI (User Network Interface) unit 220.
- a part or all of the PON control unit 210 and the UNI unit 220 may be realized by the processor included in the ONU 200.
- a part or all of the PON control unit 210 and the UNI unit 220 may be realized as a module of a program executed by the processor of the ONU 200.
- the ONU 300 has a PON control unit 310 and a UNI unit 320.
- a part or all of the PON control unit 310 and the UNI unit 320 may be realized by the processor included in the ONU 300.
- a part or all of the PON control unit 310 and the UNI unit 320 may be realized as a module of a program executed by a processor included in the ONU 300.
- the functions of the PON control unit 210 and the PON control unit 310 are the same.
- the functions of the UNI unit 220 and the UNI unit 320 are the same. Therefore, in FIG. 6, the PON control unit 210 and the UNI unit 220 will be described.
- the description of the PON control unit 310 and the UNI unit 320 will be omitted.
- the PON control unit 210 has an O / E conversion function. Further, the PON control unit 210 transmits / receives an optical signal and an electric signal.
- the UNI unit 220 communicates with the client devices 500 and 501 via the switch 400. Next, the processing executed in the communication system will be described.
- FIG. 7 is a sequence diagram showing an example of processing executed in the communication system of the first embodiment. Note that in FIG. 7, the client devices 501, ONU700, 701, and client devices 800, 801 are omitted.
- the ONU 300 is in a state where it cannot transmit an uplink signal in order to suppress power consumption while waiting as a standby system.
- the state in which the uplink signal cannot be transmitted is called an optical shutdown state.
- the ONU 300 can receive a downlink signal when it is in the optical shutdown state.
- the downlink signal is an optical signal transmitted by the OLT 100 to the ONU.
- the UNI unit 320 is blocked so as not to receive a frame from the client device 500.
- Step ST111 The client device 500 transmits a DHCP discover message to the DHCP server 600.
- Step ST112 The DHCP server 600 transmits a DHCP acck message to the client device 500.
- the client device 500 can connect to the Internet 20 by using the IP address assigned to the DHCP server 600. It should be noted that the transmission and reception of the DHCP office message and the DHCP request message are omitted between step ST111 and step ST112.
- a failure occurs in ONU200.
- a failure is an abnormality that occurs in the ONU200 or a failure of the ONU200.
- the detection unit 150 of the OLT 100 detects that a failure has occurred in the ONU 200.
- the detection unit 150 of the OLT 100 detects that a failure has occurred in the ONU 200 when the power of the uplink signal transmitted by the ONU 200 is lower than the threshold value.
- Step ST115 The communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 instructs the ONU 200 to shift to the optical shutdown state. Further, the communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 instructs the ONU 200 to block the UNI unit 220. The communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 disconnects the logical link between the OLT 100 and the ONU 200. As a result, communication cannot be performed between the OLT 100 and the ONU 200. Further, the communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 cancels the authentication of the ONU 200 because the logical link is disconnected.
- Step ST116 The communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 instructs the ONU 300 to release the optical shutdown state and the closed state of the UNI unit 320.
- the communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 establishes a logical link between the OLT 100 and the ONU 300.
- the communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 authenticates the ONU 300 because the logical link has been established. As a result, the ONU 300 becomes an operational system.
- the information corresponding to the ONU 200 registered in the management table 111 is operated as the information corresponding to the ONU 300.
- the operation information registered when the ONU 200 is an operation system is treated as the operation information of the ONU 300. That is, the operation information of the ONU 200 is inherited as the operation information of the ONU 300.
- the OLT 100 may acquire the MAC address from the client device 500 again.
- Step ST117 The communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 controls the communication of the client device 500 so as to connect to the Internet 20 via the ONU 300 and the OLT 100. Specifically, the communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 establishes a logical link between the OLT 100 and the ONU 300. The communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 authenticates the client device 500 after the logical link with the ONU 300 is established. As a result, the client device 500 can be connected to the Internet 20.
- Step ST118 The ONU 200 is replaced with a new ONU.
- the new ONU is ONU200.
- Step ST119 The communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 instructs the ONU 300 to shift to the optical shutdown state. Further, the communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 instructs the ONU 300 to close the UNI unit 320.
- the communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 disconnects the logical link between the OLT 100 and the ONU 300. As a result, communication cannot be performed between the OLT 100 and the ONU 300. Further, the communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 cancels the authentication of the ONU 300 because the logical link is disconnected.
- Step ST120 The communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 instructs the ONU 200 to release the optical shutdown state and the closed state of the UNI unit 220.
- the communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 establishes a logical link between the OLT 100 and the ONU 200.
- the communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 authenticates the ONU 200 because the logical link has been established. As a result, the ONU 200 becomes an operational system.
- Step ST121 The communication control unit 120 of the OLT 100 authenticates the client device 500.
- the OLT deletes the information about the client device connected to the operation system ONU. Then, the OLT generates information about the client device connected to the ONU of the standby system. In this conventional method, the client device cannot connect to the Internet until the information is generated. Therefore, there is a problem that the client device cannot connect to the Internet for a long time.
- the OLT 100 operates the information corresponding to the ONU 200 registered in the management table 111 as the information corresponding to the ONU 300. Therefore, the OLT 100 does not delete the information regarding the client devices 500 and 501 connected to the ONU 200 registered in the management table 111 when the standby system ONU 300 is switched to the operating system. That is, the OLT 100 does not delete the device information in the management table 111 when the standby system ONU 300 is switched to the operating system. Further, the OLT 100 does not register the information regarding the client devices 500 and 501 newly connected to the ONU 300 in the management table 111. Therefore, the OLT 100 can connect the client devices 500 and 501 to the Internet 20 in a short time.
- Embodiment 2 Next, the second embodiment will be described. The matters different from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the description of the matters common to the first embodiment will be omitted. In the description of the second embodiment, FIGS. 1 to 7 are referred to. In the first embodiment, the case where the ONU has a UNI unit has been described. In the second embodiment, the case where the ONU is an SFP (Small Form-factory Pluggable) type will be described.
- SFP Small Form-factory Pluggable
- FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the ONU of the second embodiment.
- the communication system includes an OLT 100, a switch 410, and a client device 500.
- the communication system may include client devices 501, DHCP server 600, ONU700,701, and client devices 800,801.
- the switch 410 includes an SFP type ONU200a and an SFP type ONU300a.
- the ONU200a is realized as a module of an optical transceiver.
- the optical transceiver is also referred to as a first optical transceiver.
- the ONU300a is realized as a module of an optical transceiver.
- the optical transceiver is also referred to as a second optical transceiver.
- the ONU 200a and ONU 300a are used by being inserted into the cage of the switch 410.
- the ONU200a is an operational system.
- the ONU300a is a standby system.
- the configuration of FIG. 8, which is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 6, has the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG.
- the ONU200a differs from the ONU200 in that it does not have a UNI unit.
- the ONU300a is different from the ONU300 in that it does not have a UNI unit.
- the mirroring function is enabled by the switch 410.
- the switch 410 replicates the frame received by the ONU 200a from the client device to the ONU 300a.
- the frame transmitted by the client device 500 is received by the ONU 200a.
- the switch 410 receives the frame in which the frame is duplicated by the ONU 300a.
- the ONU300a is a standby system
- the ONU300a is in an optical shutdown state. Therefore, the ONU300a does not transmit the duplicated frame to the OLT100. Therefore, the OLT 100 receives only the frame transmitted by the ONU 200a.
- the OLT 100 can connect the client devices 500 and 501 to the Internet 20 in a short time even if the ONU 200a and the ONU 300a are SFP type.
- Embodiment 3 Next, the third embodiment will be described. The matters different from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the description of the matters common to the first embodiment will be omitted. In the description of the third embodiment, FIGS. 1 to 7 are referred to.
- FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the ONU according to the third embodiment.
- the configuration of FIG. 9, which is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 6, has the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG.
- the ONU 200 further has a setting unit 230.
- the setting unit 230 may be realized by a rotary switch.
- the setting unit 230 sets the ONU ID to ONU 200.
- the ONU 300 further has a setting unit 330.
- the setting unit 330 may be realized by a rotary switch.
- the setting unit 330 sets the ONU ID to the ONU 300.
- the ONU ID set in the ONU 200 and the ONU ID set in the ONU 300 are the same.
- the communication control unit 120 After the logical link is established between the OLT 100 and the ONU 200, the communication control unit 120 acquires the ONU ID and the MAC address of the ONU 200 from the PON control unit 210. Further, after the logical link is established between the OLT 100 and the ONU 300, the communication control unit 120 acquires the ONU ID and the MAC address of the ONU 300 from the PON control unit 310. The communication control unit 120 registers the ONU ID and the MAC address of the ONU 200 in the ONU authentication table. Further, the communication control unit 120 registers the ONU ID and the MAC address of the ONU 300 in the ONU authentication table.
- a specific example of the ONU authentication table is shown.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the ONU authentication table of the third embodiment.
- the ONU authentication table 112 is stored in the storage unit 110.
- the ONU authentication table 112 has items of the ONU ID, the MAC address of the operating ONU, and the MAC address of the standby ONU.
- the MAC address of ONU200 is XA1.
- the MAC address of the ONU300 is YA1.
- the ONU authentication table 112 it is registered that the ONU ID indicating the combination of the ONU 200 and the ONU 300 is N1. In this way, the ONU 200 and the ONU 300 are managed by the same ONU ID.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a process related to ONU authentication and UNI blockage when the ONU redundant configuration is not applied in the third embodiment. That is, the flowchart is a flowchart showing the processing related to the authentication of the ONU and the closure of the UNI when the ONU is not made redundant and an additional ONU is connected to the OLT.
- the process of FIG. 11 starts when a logical link is established between the OLT 100 and the ONU 700.
- the communication control unit 120 receives the ONU ID and the MAC address from the ONU 700.
- Step S12 The communication control unit 120 determines whether or not the acquired MAC address exists in the ONU authentication table 112. When the MAC address exists in the ONU authentication table 112, the communication control unit 120 advances the process to step S15. If the MAC address does not exist in the ONU authentication table 112, the communication control unit 120 advances the process to step S13.
- Step S13 The communication control unit 120 determines whether or not the acquired ONU ID exists in the ONU authentication table 112. When the ONU ID exists in the ONU authentication table 112, the communication control unit 120 advances the process to step S17. If the ONU ID does not exist in the ONU authentication table 112, the communication control unit 120 advances the process to step S14.
- Step S14 The communication control unit 120 registers the acquired ONU ID and MAC address in the ONU authentication table 112.
- Step S15 The communication control unit 120 authenticates the ONU 700.
- Step S16 The communication control unit 120 transmits a blockage release instruction to the ONU 700. Then, the communication control unit 120 ends the process.
- Step S17 The communication control unit 120 transmits a blockage instruction to the ONU 700. As a result, the ONU 700 closes the UNI portion. Further, the communication control unit 120 instructs the ONU 700 to enter the optical shutdown state.
- the system administrator can change the contents registered in the ONU authentication table 112 by using the terminal device. Note that in FIG. 9, the illustration of the terminal device is omitted.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a process related to ONU authentication and UNI blockage when a new ONU is added when the ONU redundant configuration is applied in the third embodiment. For example, the process of FIG. 12 starts when a logical link is established between the OLT 100 and the ONU 300.
- Step S21 The communication control unit 120 receives the ONU ID and the MAC address from the ONU 300.
- Step S22 The communication control unit 120 determines whether or not the acquired MAC address exists in the ONU authentication table 112. When the MAC address exists in the ONU authentication table 112, the communication control unit 120 advances the process to step S24. If the MAC address does not exist in the ONU authentication table 112, the communication control unit 120 advances the process to step S23.
- Step S23 The communication control unit 120 determines whether or not an ONU ID that overlaps with the acquired ONU ID exists in the ONU authentication table 112. When the duplicate ONU ID exists in the ONU authentication table 112, the communication control unit 120 advances the process to step S25. When the duplicate ONU ID does not exist in the ONU authentication table 112, the communication control unit 120 registers the ONU ID and the MAC address in the ONU authentication table 112. Then, the communication control unit 120 advances the process to step S24.
- Step S24 The communication control unit 120 authenticates the ONU 300 to the operation system.
- Step S25 The communication control unit 120 transmits a blockage instruction to the ONU 300. As a result, the ONU701 closes the UNI portion. Further, the communication control unit 120 instructs the ONU 300 to enter the optical shutdown state.
- the OLT 100 can manage the ONU 200 and the ONU 300 with the same ONU ID.
- 10 splitter 20 internet, 100 OLT, 101 processor, 102 volatile storage device, 103 non-volatile storage device, 110 storage unit, 111 management table, 112 ONU authentication table, 120 communication control unit, 130 message processing unit, 140 redundant management Unit, 150 detection unit, 160 monitoring unit, 200, 200a, 300, 300a, 700, 701 ONU, 210 PON control unit, 220 UNI unit, 230 setting unit, 310 PON control unit, 320 UNI unit, 330 setting unit, 400 , 410 switch, 500, 501,800,801 client device, 600 DHCP server.
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Abstract
Description
このように、当該情報が生成されるまでの間、クライアント装置は、上位ネットワークに接続できない。そのため、クライアント装置が、長時間、上位ネットワークに接続できないという問題がある。
図1は、実施の形態1の通信システムを示す図である。通信システムは、OLT100、ONU200、ONU300、及びクライアント装置500を含む。また、通信システムは、スイッチ400、クライアント装置500、DHCPサーバ600、ONU700,701、及びクライアント装置800,801を含んでもよい。
OLT100は、親局装置とも言う。また、OLT100は、光通信装置とも言う。OLT100は、制御方法を実行する。OLT100は、インターネット20に接続する。インターネット20は、ネットワークとも言う。
図2は、実施の形態1のIPアドレスの割り当て処理を示すシーケンス図である。図2は、DHCPサーバ600がクライアント装置500にIPアドレスを割り当てる場合を例示している。また、図2は、OLT100、ONU200、及びスイッチ400の図示を省略している。
(ステップST102)DHCPサーバ600は、DHCP offerメッセージをクライアント装置500に送信する。DHCP offerメッセージは、クライアント装置500が使用できるIPアドレスを含むメッセージである。
クライアント装置500は、DHCP ackメッセージが示す情報に従ってIPアドレスの設定を行う。これにより、クライアント装置500は、IPアドレスを用いて、インターネット20に接続できる。
図3は、実施の形態1のOLTが有するハードウェアの構成を示す図である。OLT100は、プロセッサ101、揮発性記憶装置102、及び不揮発性記憶装置103を有する。
次に、OLT100とONU200,300が有する機能ブロックについて説明する。
記憶部110は、揮発性記憶装置102又は不揮発性記憶装置103に確保した記憶領域として実現される。
図5は、実施の形態1の管理テーブルの具体例を示す図である。管理テーブル111は、管理情報とも言う。管理テーブル111は、No.、ONU ID(identifier)、運用/待機、運用パラメータ、運用情報の項目を有する。
ONU IDの項目は、運用系のONUと待機系のONUとの組合せを示す識別子である。例えば、ONU200とONU300との組合せを示す識別子は、N1である。
このように、管理テーブル111では、ONU200とONU300が1つのONU IDで管理されている。
運用パラメータの項目は、ONUに予め設定するパラメータを示す。
装置情報の項目は、ONUに接続しているクライアント装置に関する情報を示す。具体的には、装置情報の項目は、認証情報及びIPアドレスの項目を含む。
IPアドレスの項目は、ONUに接続しているクライアント装置に割り当てられているIPアドレスを示す。
PON制御部210とUNI部220の一部又は全部は、ONU200が有するプロセッサによって実現してもよい。PON制御部210とUNI部220の一部又は全部は、ONU200が有するプロセッサが実行するプログラムのモジュールとして実現してもよい。
ここで、PON制御部210とPON制御部310との機能は、同じである。また、UNI部220とUNI部320の機能は、同じである。そのため、図6では、PON制御部210とUNI部220について説明する。そして、PON制御部310とUNI部320については、説明を省略する。
UNI部220は、スイッチ400を介して、クライアント装置500,501と通信する。
次に、通信システムで実行される処理を説明する。
(ステップST112)DHCPサーバ600は、DHCP ackメッセージをクライアント装置500に送信する。
これにより、クライアント装置500は、DHCPサーバ600に割り当てられたIPアドレスを用いて、インターネット20に接続できる。
なお、ステップST111とステップST112との間では、DHCP offerメッセージ、及びDHCP requestメッセージの送受信が省略されている。
(ステップST114)OLT100の検出部150は、ONU200に障害が発生したことを検出する。例えば、OLT100の検出部150は、ONU200が送信した上り信号のパワーが閾値よりも低い場合、ONU200に障害が発生したことを検出する。
OLT100の通信制御部120は、OLT100とONU300との間の論理リンクを確立する。OLT100の通信制御部120は、論理リンクが確立されたため、ONU300を認証する。これにより、ONU300は、運用系になる。
また、OLT100は、再度、クライアント装置500からMACアドレスを取得してもよい。
これにより、クライアント装置500は、インターネット20に接続できる。
(ステップST119)OLT100の通信制御部120は、光シャットダウン状態への移行をONU300に指示する。また、OLT100の通信制御部120は、UNI部320を閉塞するようにONU300に指示する。OLT100の通信制御部120は、OLT100とONU300との間の論理リンクを切断する。これにより、OLT100とONU300との間では、通信ができなくなる。また、OLT100の通信制御部120は、論理リンクが切断されたため、ONU300の認証を解除する。
OLT100の通信制御部120は、OLT100とONU200との間の論理リンクを確立する。OLT100の通信制御部120は、論理リンクが確立されたため、ONU200を認証する。これにより、ONU200は、運用系になる。
次に、実施の形態2を説明する。実施の形態1と相違する事項を主に説明し、実施の形態1と共通する事項の説明を省略する。実施の形態2の説明では、図1~7を参照する。
実施の形態1では、ONUがUNI部を有する場合を説明した。実施の形態2では、ONUがSFP(Small Foam-factor Pluggable)型である場合を説明する。
実施の形態2によれば、OLT100は、ONU200aとONU300aがSFP型であっても、クライアント装置500,501を短時間にインターネット20に接続させることができる。
次に、実施の形態3を説明する。実施の形態1と相違する事項を主に説明し、実施の形態1と共通する事項の説明を省略する。実施の形態3の説明では、図1~7を参照する。
ONU200は、さらに、設定部230を有する。例えば、設定部230は、ロータリスイッチで実現してもよい。設定部230は、ONU IDをONU200に設定する。
ONU300は、さらに、設定部330を有する。例えば、設定部330は、ロータリスイッチで実現してもよい。設定部330は、ONU IDをONU300に設定する。なお、ONU200に設定するONU IDとONU300に設定するONU IDとは、同じである。
通信制御部120は、ONU IDとONU200のMACアドレスとをONU認証テーブルに登録する。また、通信制御部120は、ONU IDとONU300のMACアドレスとをONU認証テーブルに登録する。ここで、ONU認証テーブルの具体例を示す。
ここで、ONU200のMACアドレスは、XA1とする。ONU300のMACアドレスは、YA1とする。
図11は、実施の形態3において、ONUの冗長構成を適用しない場合のONUの認証・UNIの閉塞に関する処理を示すフローチャートである。すなわち、当該フローチャートは、ONUの冗長化しない、かつ追加のONUがOLTに接続された場合に、ONUの認証・UNIの閉塞に関する処理を示すフローチャートである。例えば、図11の処理は、OLT100とONU700との間で論理リンクが確立されたときに開始される。
(ステップS11)通信制御部120は、ONU IDとMACアドレスとをONU700から受信する。
MACアドレスがONU認証テーブル112に存在する場合、通信制御部120は、処理をステップS15に進める。MACアドレスがONU認証テーブル112に存在しない場合、通信制御部120は、処理をステップS13に進める。
ONU IDがONU認証テーブル112に存在する場合、通信制御部120は、処理をステップS17に進める。ONU IDがONU認証テーブル112に存在しない場合、通信制御部120は、処理をステップS14に進める。
(ステップS15)通信制御部120は、ONU700を認証する。
(ステップS16)通信制御部120は、閉塞解除指示をONU700に送信する。そして、通信制御部120は、処理を終了する。
ここで、システム管理者は、端末装置を用いて、ONU認証テーブル112に登録されている内容を変更することができる。なお、図9では、当該端末装置の図示は、省略されている。
図12は、実施の形態3において、ONUの冗長構成を適用する場合、新たなONUが追加されたときのONUの認証・UNIの閉塞に関する処理を示すフローチャートである。例えば、図12の処理は、OLT100とONU300との間で論理リンクが確立されたときに開始される。
(ステップS22)通信制御部120は、取得したMACアドレスがONU認証テーブル112に存在するか否かを判定する。
MACアドレスがONU認証テーブル112に存在する場合、通信制御部120は、処理をステップS24に進める。MACアドレスがONU認証テーブル112に存在しない場合、通信制御部120は、処理をステップS23に進める。
重複するONU IDがONU認証テーブル112に存在する場合、通信制御部120は、処理をステップS25に進める。重複するONU IDがONU認証テーブル112に存在しない場合、通信制御部120は、ONU IDとMACアドレスとをONU認証テーブル112に登録する。そして、通信制御部120は、処理をステップS24に進める。
(ステップS25)通信制御部120は、閉塞指示をONU300に送信する。これにより、ONU701は、UNI部を閉塞する。また、通信制御部120は、光シャットダウン状態になるように、ONU300に指示する。
実施の形態3によれば、OLT100は、ONU200とONU300を同じONU IDで管理することができる。
Claims (5)
- 運用系の子局装置である第1の子局装置と、
待機系の子局装置である第2の子局装置と、
ネットワークに接続する親局装置と、
前記第1の子局装置と前記第2の子局装置に接続し、かつ、前記第1の子局装置と前記親局装置を介して、第1のアドレスを用いて前記ネットワークに接続するクライアント装置と、
を含む通信システムのうちの、前記親局装置である光通信装置であって、
前記第1の子局装置と前記第2の子局装置に接続する前記クライアント装置に前記第1のアドレスが割り当てられていることを示す管理情報を記憶する記憶部と、
前記第1の子局装置に障害が発生したことを検出する検出部と、
前記第1の子局装置に障害が発生したことが検出された場合、前記第2の子局装置に接続し、前記第2の子局装置と前記親局装置を介して前記ネットワークに接続するように前記クライアント装置の通信を制御する通信制御部と、
前記クライアント装置が前記第1の子局装置と前記親局装置を介して前記ネットワークに接続する場合、及び前記クライアント装置が前記第2の子局装置と前記親局装置を介して前記ネットワークに接続する場合のいずれでも、前記管理情報に基づいて前記第1のアドレスの不正利用を監視する監視部と、
を有する光通信装置。 - 前記管理情報は、前記第1の子局装置と前記第2の子局装置との組合せを示す識別子と、前記クライアント装置に前記第1のアドレスが割り当てられていることを示す情報との対応関係を示す、
請求項1の光通信装置。 - 前記第1の子局装置は、第1の光トランシーバのモジュールとして実現され、
前記第2の子局装置は、第2の光トランシーバのモジュールとして実現される、
請求項1又は2の光通信装置。 - 運用系の子局装置である第1の子局装置と、
待機系の子局装置である第2の子局装置と、
ネットワークに接続する親局装置と、
前記第1の子局装置と前記第2の子局装置に接続し、かつ、前記第1の子局装置と前記親局装置を介して、第1のアドレスを用いて前記ネットワークに接続するクライアント装置と、
を含む通信システムのうちの、前記親局装置である光通信装置が、
前記第1の子局装置に障害が発生したことを検出し、
前記第2の子局装置に接続し、
前記第2の子局装置と前記親局装置を介して前記ネットワークに接続するように前記クライアント装置の通信を制御し、
前記クライアント装置が前記第1の子局装置と前記親局装置を介して前記ネットワークに接続する場合、及び前記クライアント装置が前記第2の子局装置と前記親局装置を介して前記ネットワークに接続する場合のいずれでも、前記第1の子局装置と前記第2の子局装置に接続する前記クライアント装置に前記第1のアドレスが割り当てられていることを示す管理情報に基づいて前記第1のアドレスの不正利用を監視する、
制御方法。 - 運用系の子局装置である第1の子局装置と、
待機系の子局装置である第2の子局装置と、
ネットワークに接続する親局装置と、
前記第1の子局装置と前記第2の子局装置に接続し、かつ、前記第1の子局装置と前記親局装置を介して、第1のアドレスを用いて前記ネットワークに接続するクライアント装置と、
を含む通信システムのうちの、前記親局装置である光通信装置に、
前記第1の子局装置に障害が発生したことを検出し、
前記第2の子局装置に接続し、
前記第2の子局装置と前記親局装置を介して前記ネットワークに接続するように前記クライアント装置の通信を制御し、
前記クライアント装置が前記第1の子局装置と前記親局装置を介して前記ネットワークに接続する場合、及び前記クライアント装置が前記第2の子局装置と前記親局装置を介して前記ネットワークに接続する場合のいずれでも、前記第1の子局装置と前記第2の子局装置に接続する前記クライアント装置に前記第1のアドレスが割り当てられていることを示す管理情報に基づいて前記第1のアドレスの不正利用を監視する、
処理を実行させる制御プログラム。
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PCT/JP2019/020420 WO2020235073A1 (ja) | 2019-05-23 | 2019-05-23 | 光通信装置、制御方法、及び制御プログラム |
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US (1) | US20220224595A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7213964B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102544290B1 (ja) |
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CN113660555A (zh) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-11-16 | 绍兴电力局柯桥供电分局 | 一种无源光网络的上联通道故障检测系统 |
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WO2005104738A2 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-10 | Teknovus, Inc. | Method and apparatus for l3-aware switching in an ethernet passive optical network |
JP2016005091A (ja) * | 2014-06-16 | 2016-01-12 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | 子局通信装置及び光通信ネットワークシステム |
JP2017038258A (ja) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-16 | 富士通株式会社 | Ponシステムおよびユーザ端末 |
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US20030137975A1 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-07-24 | Jian Song | Ethernet passive optical network with framing structure for native Ethernet traffic and time division multiplexed traffic having original timing |
JP2013197690A (ja) | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Ponシステム、onuおよびolt |
JP5993353B2 (ja) | 2013-07-02 | 2016-09-14 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 光ネットワークシステム |
CN108566451B (zh) * | 2014-03-11 | 2021-05-14 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种消息处理方法、接入控制器及网络节点 |
EP3242424B1 (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2019-07-17 | Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. | Communication method, apparatus and system applied to multi-wavelength passive optical network |
JP6214701B2 (ja) | 2016-03-18 | 2017-10-18 | 西日本電信電話株式会社 | 局側光回線終端装置、冗長装置切替方法及び冗長装置切替プログラム |
JP6717102B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-03 | 2020-07-01 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 宅側装置、局側装置、光通信システム、および光通信システムの制御方法 |
JP6856048B2 (ja) * | 2018-04-03 | 2021-04-07 | オムロン株式会社 | 制御システムおよび制御方法 |
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2019
- 2019-05-23 JP JP2021520000A patent/JP7213964B2/ja active Active
- 2019-05-23 US US17/610,701 patent/US20220224595A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-05-23 WO PCT/JP2019/020420 patent/WO2020235073A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2019-05-23 KR KR1020217037489A patent/KR102544290B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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WO2005104738A2 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-10 | Teknovus, Inc. | Method and apparatus for l3-aware switching in an ethernet passive optical network |
JP2016005091A (ja) * | 2014-06-16 | 2016-01-12 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | 子局通信装置及び光通信ネットワークシステム |
JP2017038258A (ja) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-02-16 | 富士通株式会社 | Ponシステムおよびユーザ端末 |
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CN113660555A (zh) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-11-16 | 绍兴电力局柯桥供电分局 | 一种无源光网络的上联通道故障检测系统 |
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KR20220004095A (ko) | 2022-01-11 |
US20220224595A1 (en) | 2022-07-14 |
JPWO2020235073A1 (ja) | 2021-12-09 |
JP7213964B2 (ja) | 2023-01-27 |
KR102544290B1 (ko) | 2023-06-15 |
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