WO2020233329A1

WO2020233329A1 - Pressure sore-preventing airbag mattress device for long-term care of bedridden elderly patient

Info

Publication number: WO2020233329A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/086267
Authority: WO
Inventors: 胡鸿; 周洁
Original assignee: 北京工业大学
Priority date: 2019-05-22
Filing date: 2020-04-23
Publication date: 2020-11-26
Also published as: CN110123554A; CN110123554B

Abstract

A pressure sore-preventing airbag mattress device for long-term care of a bedridden elderly patient, comprising an airbag air pressure control system and an automatically inflatable airbag mattress. The automatically inflatable airbag mattress consists of five parts, corresponding to the head, shoulder blades, buttocks, legs, and feet of a human body, respectively. The automatically inflatable airbag mattress is controlled by the airbag air pressure control system. The automatically inflatable airbag mattress consists of five airbags (1) corresponding to different regions of the human body. The airbag air pressure control system consists of five parts, a data acquisition system, a PLC controller, an airway switching unit, a wireless communication module, and a display unit. The device can simply and effectively integrate pressure value, pressure duration, and skin temperature and humidity values of pressure sore prone points for analysis and assessment, and prevent or eliminate the occurrence of pressure sores by controlling the inflation and deflation of the airbags (1) for the relevant region. The control system is excellent and the control is simple. The device can also adjust inflation and deflation and monitor body data of a bedridden patient by means of a matching application.

Description

Anti-pressure sore airbag mattress device for long-term care of bedridden elderly

Technical field

The invention is an airbag mattress device based on an approximate human body measurement model and human body measurement to prevent pressure sores by reducing local pressure peaks. It is mainly used for long-term care of bedridden patients and belongs to the technical field of physical therapy devices.

Background technique

With the acceleration of the aging process, the problem of providing nursing services for the long-term bedridden elderly has become more and more urgent. First, the degree of population aging in our country is serious. According to the results of the sixth census, as of the end of 2010, my country has fully entered the elderly society. Second, the family structure with few children and the empty-nest family environment. Since the fertility rate has been maintained at a low level for a long time under the family planning policy since the 1980s, the structure of "four two one" ultra-small families has rapidly increased, the ability of traditional families to provide for the elderly has declined sharply, and the actual empty nest rate of urban elderly people remains high. Third, the social and economic foundation for dealing with aging is not solid. The current public financial capacity is limited, the average income of the elderly is low, and the elderly have insufficient ability to pay for social services. Fourth, the aging social service system has not yet been established. Chinese society is in a period of transformation and reconstruction. The concept and policy boundaries of related public services are not clear. The elderly seek services that are suitable for aging are narrow and lack pertinence. Services for different needs are not hierarchical. Pressure ulcers, as one of the complications of long-term bed rest, have the characteristics of high incidence, difficult to cure, and high pain, which are of great social demand.

Regarding the formation factors of pressure ulcers, M. Kosiak explained the relationship between external pressure and duration in the article <Etiology and pathology of ischemic ulcers>. The external pressure of 600[mmHg] within 1 hour or 150[mmHg] continuously within 12 hours The external pressure can cause pressure ulcers. Therefore, the idea of pressure ulcer prevention products is to reduce external pressure and shorten the duration of pressure. In terms of reducing the external pressure, the common prevention method is to reduce the pressure. Inflatable cushions and air mattresses are widely used to reduce the external pressure on the body area, usually straight tubular strips with automatic control, and the air pump controls the charging and discharging. Qi regularly switches the hardness of the tubular strips to achieve the function of pressure management. However, due to differences in individual users’ weight, height, and health status, air mattresses that are controlled by a unified pressure standard and automatically alternate cannot respond to changes in human pressure. Adaptive adjustment. In terms of shortening the length of compression, the common prevention method is to change the sitting or lying posture. For example, wheelchair users with limited mobility should leave the lower body part of the wheelchair for at least one minute every 30 minutes; patients who are bedridden for a long time need to be in the caregiver With the help of the patient, the body posture is changed every two hours to reduce external pressure, but this frequent change of posture will definitely interfere with the patient’s sleep. In the article "Development of the "hist" postural change long-term care bed", H. Kawakami proposed an electric bed that can automatically change the lying position. Combined with the analysis of the automatic turning over electric bed that is common in the current market, the problem is that the size is large. , The room size is larger, and the original bed needs to be replaced.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides a new type of automatic inflatable airbag mattress composed of elastic airbags made of multiple porous materials, and an airbag air pressure control system for reducing local pressure caused by body weight.

An anti-pressure sore airbag mattress device for long-term care of bedridden elderly people. The device includes an airbag air pressure control system and an automatic inflatable airbag mattress; the automatic inflatable airbag mattress is composed of five parts, corresponding to the human head, Shoulder blades, hips, legs and feet. The connection relationship of the automatic inflatable airbag mattress is shown in Figure 2. The airbag 1 is nested on the airbag fixing ring 2. On the one hand, it is convenient to fix the position of the airbag 1, and on the other hand, it can avoid the excessive deformation of the airbag 1 during inflation and deflation. . The airbag bottom bracket 3 supports the airbag 1 and the lower part of the airbag fixing ring 2, so that the airbag 1 and the mattress are more integrated, avoiding displacement inside the mattress, and also facilitating the connection of the airway, trachea and the airbag. The airway 4 is located at the bottom bracket of the airbag Below 3, the airway 4 is used to store excess gas during inflation and deflation, and a flexible tube connects the airway 4 and the airbag 1 in series. The mattress 5 loads the airbag 1, the airbag fixing ring 2, the airbag bottom support 3 and the airway 4 into one body. The air pressure control system of the airbag 1 is arranged inside the mattress 5, and the inner space of the mattress 5 is filled with latex and other materials. The user can directly use the automatic inflatable airbag mattress.

The automatic inflatable airbag mattress is controlled by the airbag air pressure control system. The automatic inflatable airbag mattress consists of five parts of airbags corresponding to different parts of the human body. The airbag pressure control system is composed of five parts: a data acquisition system, a PLC controller, an airway switching unit, a wireless communication module and a display unit. The airbag air pressure control system is connected to the automatic inflatable airbag mattress through a trachea connected to the airway. A pressure sensor is installed at the far end of the airbag sharing airway to detect the air pressure and feed it back to the airbag air pressure control system. The airbag air pressure control system is installed on the air pipe. The solenoid valve adjusts the inflation and deflation of the airbag to achieve the purpose of reducing joint pressure and preventing pressure sores.

According to medical statistics on pressure ulcer sites, the air sacs are mapped to pressure ulcers. Airbag A0 corresponds to the head, airbag B corresponds to the scapula, airbag C corresponds to the waist, airbag D corresponds to the hips, airbag A1, airbag A2, airbag A3, and airbag A4 correspond to the spine, where A1 corresponds to the cervical spine, A2 corresponds to the thoracic spine, A3 corresponds to the lumbar spine, and A4 For the sacrum, airbag E corresponds to the thigh, airbag F corresponds to the knee socket, airbag G corresponds to the calf, and airbag H corresponds to the heel. According to the statistics of the height and weight of the elderly, the anthropometric data and the approximate anthropometric model, the size and shape of the airbag 1 are designed to correspond to the human body structure, so as to fit the human body as much as possible.

The airbag air pressure control system is composed of five parts: a data acquisition system, a PLC controller, an airway switching unit, a wireless communication module and a display unit. As shown in Figure 5, the data acquisition system is connected to the PLC controller through terminals AI0-AI7, the airway switching unit is connected to the relay, the relay is connected to the PLC controller through the DO0-DO15 digital output interface, and the wireless communication module And the display unit is connected to the PLC controller through the output interface.

The data acquisition system consists of a pressure sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and a timer. The data acquisition system collects the air pressure value in the airbag, the value of the skin temperature and humidity of the bedridden patient, and the length of time, and transmits the collected data signals to the PLC controller. Write in advance the air pressure safety threshold values of the corresponding joint points of the different air bags of the PLC controller, and judge the data collected by the data acquisition system. When the air pressure value in the air bag exceeds the air pressure safety threshold value, the PLC controller transmits the signal to the corresponding airway Switch unit. The airway switching unit is composed of solenoid valve, air bag and air pressure machine. The air pressure machine rushes in a certain amount of air into the airway on time. After receiving the signal from the PLC controller, the solenoid valves of the corresponding airbags will open to inflate and deflate until the pressure sensor detects that the air pressure value returns to the air pressure safety threshold. The PLC controller will send a signal to close the solenoid valve.

The airbag air pressure control system can automatically adjust operation and switch, and users can also make personalized settings through the nursing service App. The pressure data of the elderly in bed will be automatically uploaded to the bound App account. The elderly, family members, authorized caregivers, and doctors can view the monitoring data of the elderly, and automatically detect or manually enter them through other bound nursing equipment. Other health data will also be automatically uploaded to form a more complete digital health file.

Refer to Figure 6 for the system implementation process. First of all, in the initial process of the system, each air bag will be inflated to the set initial pressure value. Then determine in turn whether the airbag pressure values corresponding to different parts of the human body are within the safe range. S1: Determine whether the air pressure of the airbag A0 corresponding to the head is too large. If it exceeds the safety pressure threshold, open the two-dimensional three-way valve and two-position two-way valve of the airbags A1 and A2 to let the air in the airway enter the airbag to make the airbag When pressurizing, the airbag A0 only opens the two-position three-way valve, allowing the airbag to decompress when the gas in the airbag enters the airway; if the airbag A0 pressure corresponding to the head does not exceed the safety pressure threshold, enter the next stage. S2: If the air pressure of the head airbag A0 is normal, it is judged whether the air pressure of the airbag B corresponding to the shoulder blade is too high. If it exceeds the safety pressure threshold, open the two-dimensional three-way valve and two-position two-way valve of the airbag A1, A2 and C to let the air The air in the airway enters the airway to pressurize the airbag, so that the airbags in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine are appropriately inflated to bear more pressure. Airbag B only opens the two-position three-way valve, so that the airbag is reduced when the air in the airbag enters the airway. If the air pressure of the airbag B corresponding to the shoulder blade does not exceed the safety pressure threshold, enter the next stage. S3: If the air pressure of the airbag B of the shoulder blade is normal, it is judged whether the air pressure of the airbag D corresponding to the sacrum is too high. If it exceeds the safety pressure threshold, open the two-dimensional three-way valve and two-position two-way valve of the airbags A3, A4 and C to make the lumbar spine The airbag in the waist and waist is moderately inflated to bear more pressure. The airbag D only opens the two-position three-way valve to let the air in the airbag enter the airway when the airbag is decompressed; if the airbag D on the sacrum does not exceed the safety pressure threshold, enter The next stage. S4: If the pressure of the airbag D of the sacrum is normal, it is judged whether the air pressure of the airbag H corresponding to the heel is too large. If it exceeds the safety pressure threshold, open the two-dimensional three-way valve and two-position two-way valve of the airbags E, F and G to make the thigh The airbags of the leg sockets and calves are moderately inflated to bear more pressure. The airbag H only opens the two-position three-way valve, so that the airbag decompresses when the air in the airbag enters the airway; if the airbag H on the heel does not exceed the safety The pressure threshold remains unchanged. Repeat the 4 steps of S1-S4.

Compared with the existing air bed, the present invention has the following innovations:

1. New air cushion structure. The traditional air bed is a straight tube, and the air pump automatically controls the way of inflation and deflation, so that the air bed can fluctuate regularly to prevent pressure sores. Due to the human body curve, the head, shoulder blades, buttocks and heels are the main stress-bearing parts in the supine position. The present invention uses airbags to minimize skin pressure caused by body weight. The airbags are designed according to ergonomics, so It makes the waist and legs bear the force, and reduces the pressure sore from the source that is prone to pressure sores.

2. New airbag air pressure control system. For different groups of people and different parts of the human body, traditional air mattresses control inflation and deflation without difference. The airbags in the automatic inflatable airbag mattress of the present invention are independently controlled by the system and feedback independently, aiming at pressure sores in different parts. The air pressure control system responds according to the data detected by the pressure sensor, unrelated airbags are not affected, and the control is accurate.

3. Targeting adaptability. The invention is mainly aimed at elderly long-term bedridden patients. The design of the airbag is completely based on the anthropometric measurements of the elderly, which is more suitable for the body shape of the elderly. The proportion of the elderly in bedridden patients is extremely high, and the pertinence is more valuable.

4. Precise care effectively reduces the possibility of pressure sores. Traditional nursing methods need to turn over the bedridden patient every 1.5 hours to 2 hours to avoid pressure sores. The present invention performs real-time pressure detection on pressure sores prone points, accurately controls the pressure value and duration of key points, and can extend the turn-over interval And reduce the possibility of pressure sores, greatly reducing the inconvenience of bedridden patients.

The airbag mattress device of the present invention that prevents pressure sores by reducing local pressure peaks has a novel structure and simple method, which can simply and effectively integrate the pressure value, pressure duration, and skin temperature and humidity of pressure sore points. Numerical analysis and judgment, by controlling the inflation and deflation of the relevant parts of the airbag to prevent or eliminate the occurrence of pressure sores, which can effectively extend the turn-over interval, and the control system is excellent, the control is simple, and the inflation and deflation adjustments and bed rest can also be performed according to the supporting App Patient body data monitoring.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the sore points corresponding to the airbag of the present invention

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic inflatable airbag mattress of the present invention

Figure 3 is a diagram of the airbag pressure control system of the present invention

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the airbag pneumatic device of the present invention

Figure 5 is the PLC I/O point distribution and electrical wiring diagram of the present invention

Figure 6 is a program flow chart of the airbag pneumatic device of the present invention

Figure 7 is the architecture diagram of the nursing service App of the present invention

In the picture:

1. Airbags 4. Airway

2. Airbag fixation ring 5. Mattress

3. Airbag bottom support

Detailed ways

Hereinafter, the airbag mattress device of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention is an airbag mattress device for preventing pressure sores by reducing local pressure peaks. It can adaptively reduce local body pressure to prevent pressure sores for elderly people in bed with different heights and weights. The airbag mattress air pressure control system As shown in Figure 3. The airbag mattress device consists of nineteen airbags made of porous material. The porous material allows air leakage to help reduce temperature and humidity, and reducing pressure peaks, temperature and humidity help reduce the development of pressure sores. In order to determine the optimal airbag pressure for each user, the present invention divides the body parts into five parts: head, shoulder blades, waist and hips, legs and feet. Then, based on anthropometric data such as height and weight and an approximate anthropometric model, the pressure of each part is calculated independently from the weight of each part. The control system uses PLC as the main controller. The PLC collects the pressure signal of the pressure sensor, the temperature and humidity signal of the temperature and humidity sensor, and the time signal of the timer. After calculation and comparison, it sends a signal to the relay to control the action of the electromagnetic directional valve to achieve control. The purpose of the airbag inflating, deflating and maintaining pressure is shown in Figure 4. Since the signal of the pressure sensor is an analog signal (current analog signal 4-20mA), the analog input terminals AI0-AI7 of the PLC are assigned to the signal input of the pressure sensor, and the DO0-DO15 digital output interface of the PLC is assigned to the relay , As shown in Figure 5.

As shown in Figure 6, when the head A0 pressure sensor detects that the pressure exceeds the normal threshold, the A0 airbag will deflate appropriately to reduce the pressure, and at the same time, the A1\A2 airbag will be inflated appropriately to increase the bearing capacity of the neck and spine; When the pressure sensors on the left and right sides of the scapular B airbags detect that the pressure exceeds the normal threshold, the 2 B airbags will be appropriately deflated to reduce the pressure, and the A1\A2\C airbags will be properly inflated to increase the upper spine and lumbar support; when When the pressure sensors on the left and right sides of the hip D airbags detect that the pressure exceeds the normal threshold, the two D airbags will deflate appropriately to reduce the pressure, and at the same time, the A3\A4\C airbags will inflate the lower spine and waist. When the pressure sensors on the left and right sides of the H airbag on the foot detect that the pressure exceeds the normal threshold, the 2 H airbags will be deflated appropriately to reduce the pressure, and the E\F\H airbags will be inflated appropriately to increase the leg bearing capacity.

Claims

An anti-pressure sore airbag mattress device for long-term care of bedridden elderly, characterized in that: the device includes an airbag air pressure control system and an automatic inflatable airbag mattress; the automatic inflatable airbag mattress consists of five parts, respectively corresponding to the human body The head, shoulder blades, buttocks, legs and feet of the airbag; the airbag (1) is nested on the airbag fixing ring (2), on the one hand, it is convenient to fix the position of the airbag (1), and on the other hand, it can avoid the process of inflation and deflation The middle airbag (1) is excessively compressed and deformed; the airbag bottom support (3) supports the airbag (1) and the lower part of the airbag fixing ring (2), so that the airbag (1) and the mattress are more integrated to avoid displacement inside the mattress, It is also convenient to connect the airway, trachea and the airbag. The airway (4) is located below the bottom support (3) of the airbag. The airway (4) is used to store excess gas during inflation and deflation. The flexible trachea connects the airway ( 4) Connected in series with the airbag (1); the mattress (5) loads the airbag (1), the airbag fixing ring (2), the airbag bottom support (3) and the airway (4) into one body, and the airbag (1) The air pressure control system is arranged inside the mattress (5), the inner space of the mattress (5) is filled with materials such as latex, and the user can directly use the automatic inflatable airbag mattress;

The automatic inflatable airbag mattress is controlled by the airbag pressure control system; the automatic inflatable airbag mattress is composed of five-part airbags corresponding to different parts of the human body. The airbag pressure control system consists of a data acquisition system, a PLC controller, an airway switching unit, a wireless communication module and The display unit consists of five parts; the airbag air pressure control system is connected to the automatic inflatable airbag mattress through the trachea connected to the airway, and the airbag sharing the airway is equipped with a pressure sensor at the far end to detect the air pressure and feed it back to the airbag air pressure control system. The system controls the solenoid valve installed on the trachea to adjust the inflation and deflation of the airbag to achieve the purpose of reducing joint pressure.
The anti-pressure ulcer airbag mattress device for long-term care of bedridden elderly according to claim 1, wherein the airbag A0 corresponds to the head, the airbag B corresponds to the scapula, the airbag C corresponds to the waist, and the airbag D corresponds to the hips. Airbag A1, airbag A2, airbag A3, and airbag A4 correspond to the spine, where A1 corresponds to the cervical spine, A2 corresponds to the thoracic spine, A3 corresponds to the lumbar spine, A4 corresponds to the sacrum, the airbag E corresponds to the thigh, the airbag F corresponds to the knee socket, and the airbag G corresponds to the calf , The airbag H corresponds to the heel; according to the elderly's height and weight statistics, anthropometric data and approximate human body measurement models, the size and shape of the airbag (1) are designed to correspond to the human body structure, so as to fit the human body.
The anti-pressure sore airbag mattress device for long-term care of bedridden elderly according to claim 1, wherein the airbag pressure control system consists of a data acquisition system, a PLC controller, an airway switching unit, and wireless communication. The module and display unit are composed of five parts; the data acquisition system is connected to the PLC controller through terminals AI0-AI7, the airway switching unit is connected to the relay, and the relay is connected to the PLC controller through the DO0-DO15 digital output interface, wireless communication The module and display unit are connected to the PLC controller through the output interface.
The anti-pressure ulcer airbag mattress device for long-term care of bedridden elderly according to claim 3, characterized in that: the data acquisition system consists of a pressure sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and a timer; the data acquisition system collects the air pressure in the airbag Transmit the collected data signals to the PLC controller; write the air pressure safety thresholds of the corresponding joint points of the different airbags of the PLC controller in advance to judge the data collected by the data acquisition system , When detecting that the air pressure value in the airbag exceeds the air pressure safety threshold, the PLC controller will transmit the signal to the corresponding airway switching unit; the airway switching unit is composed of solenoid valves, airbags and air pressure machines; the air pressure machine rushes in a certain amount of air to air on time In the road, after receiving the signal from the PLC controller, the solenoid valves of the corresponding airbags will be opened for inflation and deflation until the pressure sensor detects that the air pressure value returns to the air pressure safety threshold, the PLC controller will send a signal to close the solenoid valve .
The anti-pressure sore airbag mattress device for long-term care of bedridden elderly according to claim 1, characterized in that the airbag air pressure control system can automatically adjust operation and switch, and users can also make personalized settings through the nursing service App ; The pressure data of the elderly in bed will be automatically uploaded to the bound App account.
The anti-pressure sore airbag mattress device for long-term care of bedridden elderly according to claim 1, characterized in that: first, in the initial process of the system, each airbag will be inflated to a set initial pressure value; and then Determine in turn whether the pressure value of the airbag corresponding to different parts of the human body is within the safe range; S1: Determine whether the air pressure of the airbag A0 corresponding to the head is too large, if it exceeds the safety pressure threshold, open the two-dimensional three-way valve of the airbag A1 and A2 And the two-position two-way valve, let the gas in the airway enter the airbag to pressurize the airbag, the airbag A0 only opens the two-position three-way valve, so that the airbag decompresses when the gas in the airbag enters the airway; if it corresponds to the head If the airbag A0 air pressure does not exceed the safety pressure threshold, enter the next stage; S2: If the head airbag A0 air pressure is normal, it is judged whether the airbag B pressure corresponding to the shoulder blade is too large. If it exceeds the safety pressure threshold, open the airbags A1, A2 and C. The two-dimensional three-way valve and the two-position two-way valve let the air in the airway enter the airbag to pressurize the airbag, so that the airbags of the cervical spine, thoracic spine and waist are appropriately inflated to bear more pressure. Airbag B only opens the two-position three-way The valve allows the airbag to decompress when the gas in the airbag enters the airway; if the air pressure of the airbag B corresponding to the scapula does not exceed the safety pressure threshold, enter the next stage; S3: the airbag B corresponding to the scapula is normal and the airbag corresponding to the sacrum is judged Whether the air pressure of D is too high, if it exceeds the safety pressure threshold, open the two-dimensional three-way valve and two-position two-way valve of airbags A3, A4 and C, so that the airbags of the lumbar spine and waist can be appropriately inflated to bear more pressure. Airbag D only Open the two-position three-way valve and let the airbag decompress when the air in the airbag enters the airway; if the air pressure of the airbag D on the sacrum does not exceed the safety pressure threshold, enter the next stage; S4: If the airbag D pressure of the sacrum is normal, it is judged corresponding Whether the air pressure of the heel airbag H is too large, if it exceeds the safety pressure threshold, open the two-dimensional three-way valve and two-position two-way valve of the airbags E, F, and G to make the airbags of the thighs, leg sockets and calves moderately inflated. For more pressure, the airbag H only opens the two-position three-way valve, so that the airbag decompresses when the gas in the airbag enters the airway; if the airbag H on the heel does not exceed the safety pressure threshold, it remains unchanged; repeat S1-S4 4 steps.