WO2020232956A1 - 一种导光元件、车辆照明装置及汽车 - Google Patents

一种导光元件、车辆照明装置及汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020232956A1
WO2020232956A1 PCT/CN2019/111248 CN2019111248W WO2020232956A1 WO 2020232956 A1 WO2020232956 A1 WO 2020232956A1 CN 2019111248 W CN2019111248 W CN 2019111248W WO 2020232956 A1 WO2020232956 A1 WO 2020232956A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
guide element
light guide
area
lens
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PCT/CN2019/111248
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
祝贺
仇智平
李辉
张大攀
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华域视觉科技(上海)有限公司
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Publication of WO2020232956A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020232956A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/25—Projection lenses
    • F21S41/27—Thick lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/24—Light guides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/25—Projection lenses
    • F21S41/255—Lenses with a front view of circular or truncated circular outline
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/40—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades
    • F21S41/43—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades characterised by the shape thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an automobile lamp, in particular to a light guide element.
  • the present invention also relates to a vehicle lighting device and an automobile.
  • LED light sources have gradually replaced traditional light sources such as halogen bulbs and high-pressure discharge lamps.
  • LED light source has the following advantages: 1. Energy saving and environmental protection: LED light source is a cold light source, with low power consumption and more than 70% energy saving than traditional light sources; 2. Long life: LED light source does not have filaments that emit light easily, heat deposition, light decay, etc.
  • the service life can reach 60,000 to 100,000 hours, which is more than 10 times longer than that of traditional light sources; three, high brightness; four, good stability, strong shock resistance: resin encapsulation, not easy to break , Easy to store and transport; five, high luminous purity, bright colors, no need to filter light, light wave error within 10 nanometers; six, fast response speed: no hot start time, can emit light within microseconds, traditional glass bulbs There is a 0.3 second delay. Therefore, it is a general trend that LED light sources replace traditional light sources.
  • the development of the structure of optical components used with LED light sources is relatively backward, and the optical component technologies such as mirrors used in traditional light sources cannot fully adapt to LED light sources and future laser light sources.
  • the optical elements used in traditional light sources are large in size, complex in structure, high in manufacturing cost, low in optical efficiency, and unsatisfactory lighting effects. It is difficult to adapt to the higher requirements of consumers for the shape of car lights.
  • the prior art is difficult to effectively guarantee the diversification of the light shape of the light emitted by the light source in the lighting device after passing through the primary optical element, the optical efficiency is not high, the lighting effect is not ideal, and the lighting effect of the vehicle lamp is affected.
  • the first problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a light guide element, which can effectively improve the light shape, increase the light shape form, and improve the optical efficiency.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vehicle lighting device, the light guide element in the vehicle lighting device can effectively improve the light shape, increase the light shape form, improve the optical efficiency, and have a good use effect.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automobile, the vehicle lighting device of the automobile has diversified light shapes, high optical efficiency, and good lighting effects of vehicle lights.
  • one aspect of the present invention provides a light guide element, which includes at least one light-concentrating structure, a light-guiding area, and a light-exiting area arranged in sequence, the rear end of the light-guiding area and the front end of the light-concentrating structure Connected, the light exit area is formed at the front end of the light guide area, the lower surface of the light guide area is provided with a reflection area, and the front edge of the reflection area is formed with a cut-off line structure.
  • the light concentrating structure is a hollow structure, and the outer contour of the light concentrating structure is a curved structure gradually increasing from the rear end to the front end.
  • the reflective area is a planar structure or a convex curved structure with a central area convex outward.
  • the cut-off line structure is a straight line structure or a continuous smooth curve.
  • Another aspect of the present invention also provides a vehicle lighting device, including a light source, a light guide element, and a lens.
  • the light guide element is the light guide element according to any one of the above technical solutions, the light source, the light guide element, and The lenses are arranged in sequence, the light collecting structure is close to the light source, and the light exit area is far away from the light source.
  • the light source is an LED light source, and the light source is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the light collecting structure.
  • the number of the light sources is 1-6, and the number of the light-concentrating structures is equal to the number of the light sources.
  • the lens is provided at the front end of the light guide element, and the length of the light guide element from the rear end to the front end is 10-80mm; or the lens and the light guide The elements are formed as one body, and the total length from the rear end of the light guide element to the front end of the lens is less than or equal to 150 mm.
  • the lens is a biconvex lens or a plano-convex lens; or the front end of the lens is formed as a convex curved surface after the rear end of the lens is connected with the front end of the light guide element.
  • the present invention also provides an automobile having the vehicle lighting device according to any one of the above technical solutions.
  • the light guide element of the present invention includes at least one light-concentrating structure, a light-guiding area, and a light-emitting area that are sequentially arranged, and the rear end of the light-guiding area is connected to the front end of the light-concentrating structure. It is formed at the front end of the light guide area, the lower surface of the light guide area is provided with a reflection area, and the front edge of the reflection area is formed with a cut-off line structure.
  • the light guide element of the present invention collects the light emitted by the light source through the light-concentrating structure, and then further confines the light collected in the light-concentrating structure in the light-guiding element through the light-guiding area, and then passing the reflective area to the light-guiding element The light is reflected, and finally the light is emitted from the light exit area to increase and adjust the light entering the lens.
  • the cut-off line structure provided at the front edge of the reflection area can adjust the light shape of the exiting light to a light shape with a certain boundary and control the entry of the lens The shape of the light, so as to ensure the stability and diversification of the light, and improve the optical efficiency.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle lighting device.
  • the vehicle lighting device includes the light guide element of the present invention.
  • the light guide element is small in size, simple in structure, high in optical efficiency and good in light output. Further, the present invention also provides an automobile, which includes the vehicle lighting device of the present invention, and the automobile lamp has high optical efficiency, high degree of diversification of light shapes, and good lighting effects.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a vehicle lamp lighting device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the vehicle lamp lighting device of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the vehicle lamp lighting device of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of the vehicle lamp lighting device of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the cut-off line structure of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a vehicle lamp lighting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a vehicle lamp lighting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a top view of a vehicle lamp lighting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of a vehicle lamp lighting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the cut-off line structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a vehicle lamp lighting device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a vehicle lamp lighting device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a vehicle lamp lighting device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of a light guide element according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • orientation words such as "back end”, “front end”, etc.
  • the end of the light guide element close to the light source is the back end, and the end far from the light source is the front end; it can also be understood that the end where light enters is the back end, and the end where light exits is the front end. That is, the end where the concentrating structure is located is the back end, and the end where the light exit area is located is the front end.
  • the light emitting direction refers to the direction in which the light emitted by the light source travels to the lens through the light guide element, that is, the propagation path of the light.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or Integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be a communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements.
  • installation and “connection” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or Integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be a communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements.
  • the light guide element of the present invention includes at least one light-concentrating structure 201, a light-guiding area 203, and a light-emitting area 204 arranged in sequence, and the rear end of the light-guiding area 203 is connected to the The front ends of the light concentrating structure 201 are connected, the light exit area 204 is formed at the front end of the light guide area 203, the lower surface of the light guide area 203 is provided with a reflection area 202, and the front end edge of the reflection area 202 is formed with a cutoff ⁇ 205 ⁇ Line structure 205.
  • the light concentrating structure 201 is a hollow structure, and the outer contour of the light concentrating structure 201 is a curved structure gradually increasing from the rear end to the front end.
  • This structure can enable the light emitted by the corresponding light source to be well surrounded and collected, and the curved surface with gradually increasing outer contour can reflect and collimate the light collected by the hollow center.
  • the reflective area 202 is a planar structure or a convex curved structure with a central area convex outward.
  • the structure of the reflective area 202 can adapt to changes in the properties of the light-concentrating structure 201 and can better reflect light.
  • the cut-off line structure 205 is a straight line structure or a continuous smooth curve. The designer can adjust the cut-off line structure 205 according to the needs of the light shape.
  • the cut-off line structure 205 is arranged at the front edge of the reflective area 205, which is convenient and quick to adjust, and will not increase the production cost due to the adjustment of the cut-off line structure 205.
  • the cut-off line structure 205 shown in FIGS. 5 and 10 is a shape with a certain level difference on both sides. This cut-off line structure is generally used to form a low beam light shape; in addition, the cut-off line structure 205 can also be set to have no level difference.
  • the cut-off line structure is generally used to form auxiliary low beam.
  • the light is first collected by the light collecting structure 201, a part of the light passes through the light guide area 203 and then exits the light exit area 203, and the other part of the light passes through the light guide area 203 and then irradiates To the reflective area 202, after being reflected by the reflective area 202, it is emitted from the light exit area 203, wherein the light emitted through the cut-off line structure 205 at the front end of the reflective area 202 forms the lower boundary of the emitted light.
  • the light propagates in the light guide element, no additional mirror is required, and the light emitted from the lower part of the light guide element can be reflected back to the light guide element, which not only reduces the volume of the light guide element, but also improves the light utilization rate , Thereby improving the optical efficiency of the optical element.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle lighting device, comprising a light source 1, a light guide element 2 and a lens 3, characterized in that the light guide element 2 is the light guide according to any one of claims 1 to 4
  • the light source 1, the light guide element 2 and the lens 3 are distributed in sequence, the light condensing structure 201 is close to the light source 1, and the light exit area 204 is far away from the light source 1.
  • the light emitted from the light source 1 first passes through the light guide element 2 and then passes through the lens 3 and then exits.
  • the light emitted from the lens 3 has a light shape required by a vehicle lamp. Because the light concentrating structure 201 is close to the light source 1, the light exit area 204 is far away from the light source 1. Therefore, the light emitted from the light source 1 first enters the light concentrating structure 201 on the light guide element 2.
  • the structure 201 can collect as much light as possible from the light source 1, a part of the light passes through the light guide area 203 and then exits from the light exit area 204 and enters the lens 3, and another part of the light passes through the light guide area 203 and then is emitted.
  • the light passes through the reflection area 202 and then is emitted from the light guide area 203 to the light exit area 204, and then enters the lens 3 after being emitted from the light exit area 204.
  • This arrangement can avoid the original After passing through the light guide area 203, the reflector is reflected, which can reduce the loss of light, simplify the structure of the optical element, reduce the volume of the vehicle lighting device, increase the light utilization rate, and improve the optical efficiency.
  • the light source 1 is an LED light source, and the light source 1 and the light concentrating structure 201 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the number of the light sources 1 is 1-6, and the number of the light-concentrating structures 201 is equal to the number of the light sources 1.
  • the lens 3 is provided at the front end of the light guide element 2, and the length of the light guide element 2 from the rear end to the front end is 10-80 mm.
  • the lens 3 and the light guide element 2 are formed integrally, and the total length from the rear end of the light guide element 2 to the front end of the lens 3 is less than or equal to 150 mm.
  • the lens 3 is a biconvex lens or a plano-convex lens.
  • the front end of the lens 3 is formed as a convex curved surface.
  • the number of the light sources 1 is 6, and correspondingly, the number of the light-concentrating structures 201 is also 6, and the light guide element 2 adopts Polymethyl methacrylate with a refractive index of 1.5 is molded, and the lens 3 is molded with soft glass with a refractive index of 1.523.
  • the light guide element 2 and the lens 3 can also be molded Other transparent plastics, glass or silicone moldings are mainly used here for the common properties of transparency and high transmittance of these materials.
  • the lens 3 in the second embodiment is a plano-convex lens, and the light guide element 2 adopts a refractive index It is 1.523 soft glass, the length of the light guide element 2 is about 40 mm, and the number of the light source 1 and the light concentrating structure 201 are both set to three.
  • the lens 3 in the second embodiment has a smaller volume, and its length and width are both about 20 mm.
  • the number of light sources 1 is reduced by half, and the achievable illumination intensity is limited.
  • the structure of this embodiment is generally suitable for the formation of partial low beams, such as main low beam formation or The auxiliary low beam is formed.
  • the main low beam generally refers to the low beam light shape mainly used to increase the light intensity
  • the auxiliary low beam generally refers to the light shape used to increase the illumination width.
  • the lens 3 and the light guide element 2 are both reduced in size, they can adapt to a more tightly spaced vehicle lamp shape.
  • a lighting device can be used in a vehicle lamp.
  • Several interiors are arranged according to the shape, and the main dipped beam and the auxiliary dipped beam are combined to realize the lighting function of the low beam.
  • the number of the light source 1 and the light concentrating structure 201 in the third embodiment is one.
  • the overall length of the light guide element 2 in this structure is further reduced to about 15 mm.
  • the size of the lens 3 is also reduced, and the length and width are about 10 mm.
  • This change in size can adapt to the shape of a smaller car light and make a narrow visual effect, making the car light more cool and more technological.
  • the simple size does not belong to the scope of protection. What the present invention needs to protect is the optical device represented by the structure described herein. Those skilled in the art can change the size by adapting the design to the shape, or in the case of the present invention. The addition of other features on the basis of the structure also belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the fourth embodiment integrates the light guide element 2 and the lens 3 as one body.
  • the optical element in the vehicle lighting device of the present invention is one piece, and this integrated structure of the light guide element further reduces the volume of the vehicle lamp lighting device.
  • the light exit surface 204 is the front end surface of the lens 3
  • the cut-off line structure 205 is the intersection line formed after the reflection area 202 intersects the rear end of the lens 3.
  • the cutoff line structure 205 of the above three embodiments is at the front end of the lower surface of the light guide element 2, while the cutoff line structure 205 in the fourth embodiment is at the The line of intersection formed by the intersection of the reflective area and the rear end of the lens 3.
  • the present invention also provides an automobile having the vehicle lighting device according to any one of the above technical solutions.
  • the light guide element 2 of the present invention includes at least one light-concentrating structure 201, a light-guiding area 203, and a light-exiting area 204 arranged in sequence.
  • the light exit area 204 is formed at the front end of the light guide area 203, the lower surface of the light guide area 203 is provided with a reflective area 202, and the front edge of the reflective area 202 is formed with a cut-off line structure 205.
  • the light guide element 2 of the present invention collects the light incident from the light source 1 through the light concentrating structure 201, and then further collects the light collected in the light concentrating structure 201 in the light guide element 2 through the light guide area 203, and then passes through the reflective area 202 reflects the light entering the light guide element 2, and finally the light is emitted from the light exit area 204, so as to increase and adjust the light entering the lens 3, and the cut-off line structure 205 provided at the front edge of the reflection area 202 can remove the emitted light
  • the shape is adjusted to a light shape with a certain boundary, and the light shape entering the lens 3 is controlled to ensure the stability and diversification of the light, and improve the optical efficiency.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle lighting device.
  • the vehicle lighting device includes the light guide element 2 of the present invention.
  • the light guide element 2 is small in size, simple in structure, high in optical efficiency, and good in light output.
  • the present invention also provides an automobile, which includes the vehicle lighting device of the present invention, and the automobile lamp has high optical efficiency, high degree of diversification of light shapes, and good lighting effects.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种导光元件（2）以及包括导光元件的车辆照明装置和汽车，导光元件（2）包括依次设置的至少一个聚光结构（201）、导光区（203）和出光区（204），导光区（203）的后端与聚光结构（201）的前端连接，出光区（204）形成于导光区（203）的前端，导光区（203）的下表面设有反射区（202），反射区（202）的前端边缘形成有截止线结构（205）。导光元件（2）结构紧凑、体积小、光学效率高。

Description

一种导光元件、车辆照明装置及汽车 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车车灯，具体地，涉及一种导光元件。此外，本发明还涉及一种车辆照明装置和汽车。
背景技术
在现有车灯技术中，很多光源都采用卤素灯泡、高压放电灯等传统光源，这些卤素灯泡或高压放电灯在车灯的使用过程中，大多需要配合反射镜共同作用，利用反射镜对卤素灯泡或高压放电灯射出的光线进行反射，才能得到需要的光形以及照射效果，而采用反射镜的车灯不仅体积较大，而且光线在反射过程中损耗较多，光学效率低，照明效果不理想。
随着车灯光源技术和LED光源技术的发展，LED光源已逐步取代卤素灯泡、高压放电灯等传统光源。LED光源具有以下优点：一、节能环保：LED光源属于冷光源，耗电量低，比传统光源节能70％以上；二、寿命长：LED光源不存在灯丝发光易烧、热沉积、光衰等缺点，在恰当的电流和电压下，使用寿命可达6-10万小时，比传统光源寿命长10倍以上；三、亮度高；四、稳定性能好、抗震性能强：树脂封装，不易碎裂，容易储藏和运输；五、发光纯度高，色彩鲜艳，无需灯罩滤光，光波误差在10纳米以内；六、反应速度快：无须热启动时间，微秒内即可发光，传统玻壳灯泡则有0.3秒延迟。因此，LED光源取代传统光源是大势所趋。但是，相较于LED光源的发展，与LED光源配套使用的光学元件的结构的发展相对落后，传统光源所适用的反光镜等光学元件技术不能完全适应LED光源以及未来的激光光源的车灯技术，同时，传统光源所使用的光学元件体积较大，结构较复杂，制造成本较高，且光学效率较低，照明效果不理想，很难适应现 在消费者对车灯造型的较高要求。
基于上述原因，现有技术难以有效保证照明装置中光源射出的光线经初级光学元件后的光形多样化，光学效率不高，照明效果不够理想，影响车灯照明效果。
发明内容
本发明首先所要解决的问题是提供一种导光元件，该导光元件能够有效改善光形，增加光形形式，提高光学效率。
此外，本发明还要解决的问题是提供一种车辆照明装置，该车辆照明装置内的导光元件能够有效改善光形，增加光形形式，提高光学效率，使用效果好。
进一步地，本发明要解决的问题是提供一种汽车，该汽车的车辆照明装置的光形多样化、光学效率高，车灯照明效果好。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明一方面提供一种导光元件，包括依次设置的至少一个聚光结构、导光区和出光区，所述导光区的后端与所述聚光结构的前端相连，所述出光区形成于所述导光区的前端，所述导光区的下表面设有反射区，所述反射区的前端边缘形成有截止线结构。
作为本发明的一种优选结构形式，所述聚光结构为中空结构，且所述聚光结构的外部轮廓为由后端向前端逐渐增大的曲面状结构。
更优选地，所述反射区为平面结构或中心区域向外凸起的外凸曲面结构。
作为本发明的另一种优选结构形式，所述截止线结构为直线结构或连续顺滑的曲线。
本发明另一方面还提供一种车辆照明装置，包括光源、导光元件和透镜，所述导光元件为根据上述技术方案任一项所述的导光元件，所述光源、导光元件和透镜依次分布，所述聚光结构靠近所述光源，所述出光区远离 所述光源。
作为本发明的一种具体结构形式，所述光源为LED光源，所述光源与所述聚光结构一一对应设置。
更具体地，所述光源的数量为1-6个，所述聚光结构的数量与所述光源的数量相等。
作为本发明的另一种具体结构形式，所述透镜设于所述导光元件的前端，所述导光元件从后端至前端的长度为10-80mm；或者所述透镜与所述导光元件形成为一体，所述导光元件的后端至所述透镜的前端的总长度小于或等于150mm。
进一步具体地，所述透镜为双凸透镜或平凸透镜；或者所述透镜的后端与所述导光元件的前端连接后所述透镜的前端形成为外凸曲面。
进一步地，在本发明上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还提供一种汽车，该汽车具有根据上述技术方案任一项所述的车辆照明装置。
通过上述技术方案，本发明的导光元件包括依次设置的至少一个聚光结构、导光区和出光区，所述导光区的后端与所述聚光结构的前端相连，所述出光区形成于所述导光区的前端，所述导光区的下表面设有反射区，所述反射区的前端边缘形成有截止线结构。本发明的导光元件通过聚光结构聚集光源射入的光线，然后通过导光区将聚光结构中所收集的光线进一步地限定在导光元件中，再通过反射区对进入导光元件的光线进行反射，最后光线由出光区射出，以此增加并调整好进入透镜光线，而设于反射区前端边缘的截止线结构能够将出射的光形调整为具有一定边界的光形，控制进入透镜的光形，以此保证光线的稳定性及多样化，并提高了光学效率。另外，本发明还提供一种车辆照明装置，该车辆照明装置包括本发明所述的导光元件，该导光元件体积小，结构简单，光学效率高，出光效果好。进一步地，本发明还提供一种汽车，该汽车包括本发明的车辆照明装置，该汽车车灯光学效率高、光形多样化程度高、照明效果好。
附图说明
图1是本发明的第一个实施例的车灯照明装置的立体结构示意图；
图2是本发明的第一个实施例的车灯照明装置的立体结构示意图；
图3是本发明的第一个实施例的车灯照明装置的俯视图；
图4是本发明的第一个实施例的车灯照明装置的纵向剖面结构示意图；
图5是本发明的第一个实施例的截止线结构的结构示意图；
图6是本发明的第二个实施例的车灯照明装置的立体结构示意图；
图7是本发明的第二个实施例的车灯照明装置的立体结构示意图；
图8是本发明的第二个实施例的车灯照明装置的俯视图；
图9是本发明的第二个实施例的车灯照明装置的纵向剖面结构示意图；
图10是本发明的第二个实施例的截止线结构的结构示意图；
图11是本发明的第三个实施例的车灯照明装置的立体结构示意图；
图12是本发明的第四个实施例的车灯照明装置的立体结构示意图；
图13是本发明的第四个实施例的车灯照明装置的立体结构示意图；
图14是本发明的第二个实施例的导光元件的纵向剖面结构示意图。
附图标记说明
1光源                          201聚光结构
202反射区                      203导光区
204出光区                      205截止线结构
2导光元件                      3透镜
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。
首先需要说明的是，在下文的描述中为清楚地说明本发明的技术方案而涉及的一些方位词，例如“后端”、“前端”等均是按照出光路径所指的方位类推所具有的含义，例如，以导光元件为例，导光元件上靠近光源的一端为后端，远离光源的一端则为前端；也可以理解为光线进入的一端为后端，光线射出的一端为前端，即聚光结构所在的一端为后端，出光区所在的一端为前端。在本发明中所说的出光方向是指光源发出的光线经导光元件向透镜传播的方向，即光线的传播路径。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或者是一体连接；可以是直接连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接连接，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
参见图4、图9和图14所示，本发明的导光元件包括依次设置的至少一个聚光结构201、导光区203和出光区204，所述导光区203的后端与所述聚光结构201的前端相连，所述出光区204形成于所述导光区203的前端，所述导光区203的下表面设有反射区202，所述反射区202的前端边缘形成有截止线结构205。
作为本发明的一种具体结构形式，所述聚光结构201为中空结构，且所述聚光结构201的外部轮廓为由后端向前端逐渐增大的曲面状结构。这种结构能够使得对应的光源发出的光被很好的包围、收集，而外围轮廓逐渐增大的曲面起到对中部空心收集的光线的反射、准直。
更具体地，所述反射区202为平面结构或中心区域向外凸起的外凸曲面结构。所述反射区202的结构能够适应所述聚光结构201性状的变化而变化，能够对光线起到更好的反射作用。
在图5和图10中，作为本发明的另一种具体结构形式，所述截止线结 构205为直线结构或连续顺滑的曲线。设计人员可以根据光形需要来调整截止线结构205，该截止线结构205设置在反射区205的前端边缘处，调整方便、快捷，且不会因为调整截止线结构205而增加生产成本。而图5和图10所示的截止线结构205为两侧具有一定段差的形状，这种截止线结构一般用于形成近光的光形；另外，截止线结构205还可以设置为不具有段差的弧线或直线，这种截止线结构一般用于形成辅助近光。
这里对光线在导光元件中的传播路径作简要说明：光线首先经聚光结构201收集后，其中一部分光线经导光区203后从出光区203射出，另一部分光线经过导光区203后照射到反射区202，经反射区202反射后再由出光区203射出，其中经由反射区202前端的截止线结构205射出的光线形成了出射光线的下边界。光线在导光元件中传播，不需要另外设置反射镜，即可将从导光元件下部射出的光线再反射回导光元件中，不仅能够减小导光元件的体积，还能提高光线利用率，从而提高光学元件的光学效率。
另外，本发明还提供一种车辆照明装置，包括光源1、导光元件2和透镜3，其特征在于，所述导光元件2为根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的导光元件，所述光源1、导光元件2和透镜3依次分布，所述聚光结构201靠近所述光源1，所述出光区204远离所述光源1。
所述光源1射出的光线首先经过所述导光元件2，然后再经过透镜3后射出，从透镜3射出的光线是车灯所需要的光形。因所述聚光结构201靠近光源1，所述出光区204远离所述光源1，因此，光源1射出的光线首先是进入到所述导光元件2上的聚光结构201，所述聚光结构201能够将光源1射出的光线尽可能多地收集后，一部分光线通过所述导光区203后由出光区204射出，并进入透镜3，另一部分光线则通过所述导光区203后射到所述反射区202上，光线经过所述反射区202后由所述导光区203射至所述出光区204，由所述出光区204射出后进入所述透镜3，这样设置可以避免原有经过导光区203后由反射镜进行反射，可以减少光线的损耗，简 化光学元件的结构，减小车辆照明装置的体积，提高光线利用率，提高光学效率。
作为本发明的一个优选结构形式，所述光源1为LED光源，所述光源1与所述聚光结构201一一对应设置。
更优选地，所述光源1的数量为1-6个，所述聚光结构201的数量与所述光源1的数量相等。
作为本发明的另一个优选结构形式，所述透镜3设于所述导光元件2的前端，所述导光元件2从后端至前端的长度为10-80mm。
可选择地，所述透镜3与所述导光元件2形成为一体，所述导光元件2的后端至所述透镜3的前端的总长度小于或等于150mm。
更优选地，所述透镜3为双凸透镜或平凸透镜。
可选择地，所述透镜3的后端与所述导光元件2的前端连接后所述透镜3的前端形成为外凸曲面。
在图1至图4所示的第一个实施例中，所述光源1的数量为6个，相对应地，所述聚光结构201的数量也为6个，所述导光元件2采用折射率为1.5的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯材质成型，所述透镜3采用折射率为1.523的软质玻璃成型，而在现有技术中，所述导光元件2与所述透镜3还可以采用其他透明塑料、玻璃或硅胶成型，此处主要是利用这些材质的透明、透过率高的共同属性。
在图6至图10所示的第二个实施例中，相比于上述第一个实施例，第二个实施例中的所述透镜3为平凸透镜，所述导光元件2采用折射率为1.523的软质玻璃，所述导光元件2的长度约为40mm，所述光源1与所述聚光结构201的数量均设置为3个。第二个实施例中的透镜3的体积更小，其长度和宽度均约为20mm。向较于第一个实施例，所述光源1的数量减少了一半，能够实现的照明强度有限，此实施例的结构一般适用于局部近光的光形形成，例如可用于主近光形成或辅助近光形成，主近光一般是指主要用 于提高光照强度的近光光形，辅助近光一般是指用于提高照明宽度的光形。
在第二个实施例的车辆照明装置中，由于所述透镜3及所述导光元件2的尺寸均有缩小，可以适应空间更加紧张的车灯造型，比如可以将这种照明装置在车灯内按造型排布数个，通过主近光和辅助近光的配合，共同实现近光的照明功能。
在图11所示的第三个实施例中，相较于第二个实施例，第三个实施例的所述光源1和所述聚光结构201的数量为1个。这个结构中的所述导光元件2的整体长度进一步缩小，约为15mm，相应地，所述透镜3的尺寸也缩小了，长和宽约为10mm。这种尺寸上的变化，能够适应更小的车灯造型，做出窄小的视觉效果，使得车灯造型更炫酷、更具科技感。而在本发明中，单纯尺寸不属于保护范围，本发明需保护的是本文所述结构代表的光学装置，本领域技术人员可以通过适应造型的设计，更改尺寸，亦或者是在本发明所述的结构基础上增加其他特征，也属于本发明的保护范围。
在图12至图14所示的第四个实施例中，相较于上述三个具体实施例，第四个实施例将所述导光元件2与所述透镜3设为一体。这样，本发明的车辆照明装置中的光学元件为一件，这种一体结构的导光元件更加缩小了所述车灯照明装置的体积。在这种一体结构的导光元件2中，出光面204为所述透镜3前端的面，而截止线结构205为所述反射区202与所述透镜3后端相交后形成的交线。与上述三个实施例不同，上述三个实施例的所述截止线结构205在所述导光元件2的下表面前端，而第四个实施例中所述截止线结构205则是在所述反射区与所述透镜3的后端相交处形成的交线。
进一步地，本发明还提供一种汽车，该汽车具有根据上述技术方案任一项所述的车辆照明装置。
由以上描述可以看出，本发明的导光元件2包括依次设置的至少一个聚光结构201、导光区203和出光区204，所述导光区203的后端与所述聚光结构201的前端相连，所述出光区204形成于所述导光区203的前端， 所述导光区203的下表面设有反射区202，所述反射区202的前端边缘形成有截止线结构205。本发明的导光元件2通过聚光结构201聚集光源1射入的光线，然后通过导光区203将聚光结构201中所收集的光线进一步地聚集在导光元件2中，再通过反射区202对进入导光元件2的光线进行反射，最后光线由出光区204射出，以此增加并调整好进入透镜3的光线，而设于反射区202前端边缘的截止线结构205能够将出射的光形调整为具有一定边界的光形，控制进入透镜3的光形，以此保证光线的稳定性及多样化，提高了光学效率。另外，本发明还提供一种车辆照明装置，该车辆照明装置包括本发明所述的导光元件2，该导光元件2的体积较小，结构简单，光学效率高，出光效果好。进一步地，本发明还提供一种汽车，该汽车包括本发明的车辆照明装置，该汽车车灯光学效率高、光形多样化程度高、照明效果好。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合，为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明的思想，其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种导光元件，其特征在于，包括依次设置的至少一个聚光结构(201)、导光区(203)和出光区(204)，所述导光区(203)的后端与所述聚光结构(201)的前端相连，所述出光区(204)形成于所述导光区(203)的前端，所述导光区(203)的下表面设有反射区(202)，所述反射区(202)的前端边缘形成有截止线结构(205)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的导光元件，其特征在于，所述聚光结构(201)为中空结构，且所述聚光结构(201)的外部轮廓为由后端向前端逐渐增大的曲面状结构。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的导光元件，其特征在于，所述反射区(202)为平面结构或中心区域向外凸起的外凸曲面结构。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的导光元件，其特征在于，所述截止线结构(205)为直线结构或连续顺滑的曲线结构。
  5. 一种车辆照明装置，包括光源(1)、导光元件(2)和透镜(3)，其特征在于，所述导光元件(2)为根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的导光元件，所述光源(1)、导光元件(2)和透镜(3)依次分布，所述聚光结构(201)靠近所述光源(1)，所述出光区(204)远离所述光源(1)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的车辆照明装置，其特征在于，所述光源(1)为LED光源，所述光源(1)与所述聚光结构(201)一一对应设置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的车辆照明装置，其特征在于，所述光源(1)的数量为1-6个，所述聚光结构(201)的数量与所述光源(1)的数量相等。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的车辆照明装置，其特征在于，所述透镜(3)设于所述导光元件(2)的前端，所述导光元件(2)从后端至前端的长度为10-80mm；或者
    所述透镜(3)与所述导光元件(2)形成为一体，所述导光元件(2)的后端至所述透镜(3)的前端的总长度小于或等于150mm。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的车辆照明装置，其特征在于，所述透镜(3)为双凸透镜或平凸透镜；或者
    所述透镜(3)的后端与所述导光元件(2)的前端连接后所述透镜(3)的前端形成为外凸曲面。
  10. 一种汽车，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求5至9任一项所述的车辆照明装置。
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