WO2020226104A1 - Furnace and boiler equipped with same - Google Patents

Furnace and boiler equipped with same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020226104A1
WO2020226104A1 PCT/JP2020/018113 JP2020018113W WO2020226104A1 WO 2020226104 A1 WO2020226104 A1 WO 2020226104A1 JP 2020018113 W JP2020018113 W JP 2020018113W WO 2020226104 A1 WO2020226104 A1 WO 2020226104A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
side wall
water flow
burner
fireplace
ash removing
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PCT/JP2020/018113
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
三紀 下郡
山口　良祐
康一郎 森
村上　和生
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三菱パワー株式会社
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Publication of WO2020226104A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020226104A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fireplace and a boiler equipped with the same, and particularly to a technique for removing ash adhering to the furnace wall.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show the vertical direction is represented by the z-axis, and the width direction and the depth direction orthogonal to each other in the horizontal plane are represented by the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively.
  • FIG. 7 shows the conventional domestic boiler 700
  • FIG. 8 shows the boiler 900 having a wide furnace depth (y-axis direction) seen overseas
  • FIG. 9 shows the boiler equipped with a water flow ash removing device and a wall blower. It is a figure.
  • the fireplace 911 has a wider depth direction than the domestic boiler 700 (see Fig. 7) (D2> D1), from the upper burner 921 to the after-airport 939. In some cases, the distance H2 is farther than the domestic boiler 700 (H2> H1).
  • the region of the fireplace wall from the upper burners 721 and 921 to the after-airports 739 and 939 has a high heat load and is a strong reduction region. Therefore, the regions A1 and A2 are sulfurized and ash-adhered, especially on the side wall of the fireplace. Is a remarkable high potential region.
  • a water flow ash removing device 151, 152 (see FIG. 9A, Patent Document 1) for removing ash by spraying a water stream on the surface of the adhered ash, and an ash removing medium such as air or steam are used as side walls.
  • Wall blowers 171, 172, 173, 174 are known to be sprayed on to remove ash.
  • the dotted line ⁇ indicates the ash removal region by each wall blower 171, 172, 173, 174.
  • the features of the water ash removing devices 151 and 152 are a wide range inside the furnaces 711 and 911, specifically, a wide range from the bottom of the lower burner 723 to the after-airport 739 as shown by the shaded area in FIG. 9 (a). Over the course, even strong slag-like ash can be removed. Further, since the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152 use a water flow, steam or air blown onto the water wall like a wall blower may entrain the surrounding ash and collide with the side wall at high speed to generate erosion. There is an advantage that there is no.
  • the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152 have a wide ash removal area at one time, the steam temperature fluctuation becomes large, and the operation of the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152 has a large influence on the control of the boiler 700. Become.
  • the fluctuation of the exhaust gas temperature during the operation of the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152 is large, and the influence on the combustion performance (NOx, CO) is large.
  • NOx, CO combustion performance
  • the wall blowers 171, 172, 173, and 174 are characterized in that the ash removal area at one time is narrower than that of the water flow ash removal devices 151 and 152, so that the steam temperature fluctuation is small, and as a result, the boilers 700 and 900 are controlled. The effect on is small. Further, when the wall blowers 171, 172, 173, and 174 are operated, the fluctuation of the exhaust gas temperature is small, and the influence on the combustion performance (NOx, CO) is small. By regularly operating the wall blower by dividing it into smaller sections, it is possible to suppress the fall of a huge ash mass and prevent damage to the bottoms of the fireplaces 711 and 911 (see FIG. 9B).
  • composite thinning when an attempt is made to remove the ash in the high potential regions A1 and A2 with a wall blower, erosion is caused, and the combined thinning of sulfide corrosion and erosion accelerates the thinning (hereinafter referred to as composite thinning).
  • the ash removing device has different merits and demerits depending on the type, conventionally, one type of ash removing device, either a water flow ash removing device or a wall blower, has been installed in the fireplaces 711 and 911.
  • the high-potential region A2 of the wide-depth type boiler 900 which is often seen in overseas boilers, is wider than the high-potential region A1 of the domestic boiler 700, so ash that matches the expanded high-potential region A2. Removal technology is required.
  • the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and is a fireplace that avoids compound wall thinning, reduces the initial cost and maintenance cost of the boiler, shortens the regular inspection schedule, and secures the ash removal performance in the high potential region.
  • the purpose is to provide a boiler equipped with it.
  • An example of this is a furnace that burns fuel in two stages by supplying air, and has a bottom, a tubular combustion cylinder installed on the bottom along the vertical direction, and the combustion cylinder.
  • a burner provided on the side wall for burning fuel with an amount of air less than the theoretical amount of air, and a burner installed on the side wall of the combustion cylinder in the vertical direction above the installation position of the burner to provide secondary air for two-stage combustion.
  • a water stream is injected into the after-airport supplied into the combustion cylinder and the first height region from above the burner installation position on the side wall of the combustion cylinder to below the after-airport installation position.
  • a water flow ash removing device for removing ash adhering to the first height region and steam or air are injected into the second height region above the installation position of the after-airport on the side wall of the combustion cylinder, and the second It is characterized by being provided with a wall blower that removes ash adhering to the height region.
  • the present invention is also characterized in that it is a boiler equipped with the above-mentioned fireplace.
  • a fireplace and a boiler equipped with the same which avoids compound wall thinning, reduces the initial cost and maintenance cost of the boiler, shortens the regular inspection schedule, and secures the ash removal performance in the high potential region. can do. Issues, configurations and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the description of the following embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the boiler 10 according to the present embodiment.
  • the boiler 10 uses pulverized coal obtained by crushing coal as a solid fuel.
  • the boiler 10 is a coal-fired boiler capable of producing steam by burning pulverized coal with burners 21, 22, and 23 of a furnace 11 and exchanging heat generated by the combustion with water supply or steam.
  • the fuel is not limited to coal, and may be other fuels that can be burned in a boiler, such as biomass and heavy oil. Further, various fuels may be mixed and used.
  • the boiler 10 has a fireplace 11, a combustion device 12, and a flue 13.
  • the fireplace 11 has a hollow shape of, for example, a square cylinder and is installed along the vertical direction.
  • the side wall of the furnace 11 is composed of an evaporation pipe (heat transfer tube) and fins connecting the evaporation pipes, and the temperature of the furnace wall is reached by heat exchange between the water supply and steam flowing in the evaporation pipe and the combustion gas in the furnace 11. The rise is suppressed.
  • a plurality of evaporation pipes are arranged, for example, along the vertical direction and arranged side by side in the horizontal direction.
  • the fins block between the evaporation pipes.
  • the furnace 11 is provided with a hopper 62 at the bottom of the furnace, and a bottom evaporation pipe 70 is provided at the hopper 62 to form a bottom surface.
  • the combustion device 12 is provided on the vertically lower side of the furnace wall constituting the fireplace 11.
  • the combustion device 12 has a plurality of burners 21, 22, and 23 mounted on the side wall of the fireplace 11.
  • the shape of the fireplace 11, the arrangement of the burners, the number of burners in one stage, and the number of stages are not limited to this embodiment.
  • the burners 21, 22, and 23 are connected to the crusher (pulverized coal machine / mill) 31, 32, and 33 via the pulverized coal supply pipes 26, 27, and 28.
  • the crusher pulverized coal machine / mill
  • the pulverized coal supply pipes 26, 27, and 28 When coal is transported by a transport system (not shown) and charged into the crushers 31, 32, 33, it is crushed to a predetermined size of fine powder here, and the pulverized coal supply pipe is crushed together with the transport air (primary air).
  • Grinded coal pulverized coal
  • the fireplace 11 is provided with a wind box 36 at the mounting positions of the burners 21, 22, and 23, and an air duct 37a for supplying air to the wind box 36 is connected to the wind box 36.
  • a flue 13 is connected to the upper side in the vertical direction of the fireplace 11, and a plurality of heat exchangers (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47) for generating steam in the flue 13 are connected. Is placed. Therefore, the burners 21, 22, and 23 inject a mixture of pulverized coal fuel and combustion air into the fireplace 11 to form a flame, and combustion gas is generated and flows into the flue 13. Then, the combustion gas heats the water supply and steam flowing through the furnace wall and the heat exchangers (41 to 47) to generate superheated steam, and the generated superheated steam is supplied to rotate and drive a steam turbine (not shown) to steam.
  • a generator (not shown) connected to the rotating shaft of the turbine can be rotationally driven to generate power.
  • the exhaust gas passage 48 is connected, and between the denitration device 50 for purifying the combustion gas, the air sent from the blower 38 to the air duct 37a, and the exhaust gas sent through the exhaust gas passage 48.
  • An air heater 49, a soot dust processing device 51, an attracting blower 52, and the like for heat exchange are provided, and a chimney 53 is provided at the downstream end.
  • the denitration device 50 may not be provided if the exhaust gas standard is satisfied.
  • the fireplace 11 of the present embodiment after excessive fuel combustion by the air for transporting pulverized coal (primary air) and the combustion air (secondary air) introduced into the fireplace 11 from the air box 36, new combustion air (primary air) It is a so-called two-stage combustion type fireplace in which after-air) is charged to perform lean fuel combustion. Therefore, the fireplace 11 is provided with an after-airport 39.
  • One end of the air duct 37b is connected to the after-airport 39, and is connected to the blower 38 via the air heater 49.
  • FIG. 2 is an external view of the fireplace 11 as viewed from the front in the depth direction.
  • FIG. 3 is an external view of the fireplace 11 as viewed from the side.
  • the vertical direction is represented by the z-axis
  • the width direction (first horizontal direction) and the depth direction (second horizontal direction) orthogonal to each other in the horizontal plane are represented by the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively.
  • the fireplace 11 of FIG. 2 is installed along the vertical direction with respect to the ground and has a housing structure surrounded by a water cooling wall composed of a water cooling pipe. Inside the fireplace 11, a combustion space is formed in which pulverized coal, which is a fuel, is burned. The combustion gas generated in the combustion space flows from the lower side in the vertical direction of the fireplace 11 to the upper side as shown by the thick arrow in FIG.
  • the lower side in the vertical direction is the "upstream side” of the combustion gas flow
  • the upper side in the vertical direction is the "downstream side” of the combustion gas flow. Therefore, the outlet of the fireplace 11 is located on the upper side in the vertical direction, which is the downstream side of the flow of the combustion gas.
  • a flue 13 extending along a direction intersecting (orthogonal) with the fireplace 11 is connected to the upper part (exit) of the fireplace 11.
  • the fireplace 11 includes a hopper 62 having an inclined surface and a square tubular combustion cylinder 11A on the upper side of the hopper 62 in the vertical direction.
  • each of the four side walls of the combustion cylinder 11A will be referred to as a first side wall 110A, a second side wall 110B, a third side wall 110C (see FIG. 3), and a fourth side wall 110D.
  • the first side wall 110A and the second side wall 110B are side walls of the fireplace 11 arranged so as to face each other in the depth direction.
  • Each of the third side wall 110C and the fourth side wall 110D is a side wall that connects the first side wall 110A and the second side wall 110B, and is arranged so as to face each other in the width direction. It is referred to as a first side wall 110A, a third side wall 110C, a second side wall 110B, and a fourth side wall 110D clockwise in the xy plane.
  • each of the first side wall 110A and the second side wall 110B twelve burners are installed in three stages in the vertical direction, and four in each stage along the width direction.
  • the burner 21 indicates the upper four burners
  • the burner 22 indicates the middle four burners
  • the burner 23 indicates the lower four burners.
  • the upper burner 21, the middle burner 22, and the lower burner 23 on the first side wall 110A side and the second side wall 110B side are arranged at positions facing each other, and all of them have the same configuration.
  • each of the first side wall 110A and the second side wall 110B four after-airports 39 are arranged in the width direction on the upper side in the vertical direction from the upper burner 21 and on the lower side from the position of the outlet of the fireplace 11.
  • the four after-airports 39 on the first side wall 110A side and the four after-airports 39 on the second side wall 110B side are arranged at positions facing each other, and both configurations are the same.
  • the region from the upper burner 21 to the after-airport 39 is a high-potential region A3 in which ash easily adheres to the side wall of the furnace 11.
  • water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152 are installed in the high potential regions A3 of the third side wall 110C and the fourth side wall 110D. Further, six wall blowers 171 and 172 are installed in two stages in the vertical direction and three in the depth direction in each region above the high potential region A3 of the third side wall 110C and the fourth side wall 110D.
  • the arrangement of the plurality of water flow ash removing devices 151, 152 and the plurality of wall blowers 171 and 172 on the side wall of the fireplace 11, the number of members in the vertical direction, the number of members in the width direction, and the number of members in the depth direction are described. It is not limited to the example.
  • the upper wall blower 171 and the lower wall blower 172 on the third side wall 110C side are arranged at positions facing each other, and both configurations are the same.
  • the nozzle directions of the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152 are adjusted in the upper burner 21 to the lower burner 23 and the regions below it where the ash easily falls by its own weight. Then, if necessary, water may be sprayed arbitrarily to remove the ash.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6C are views showing the installation positions and ash removal areas of the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152, and are cross-sectional views taken along the line AA in FIG.
  • a water flow that discharges water to the side wall and removes ash adhering to the side wall by the water force in the region from the upper burner 21 to the bottom of the after-airport 39 of each of the third side wall 110C and the fourth side wall 110D.
  • the ash removing devices 151 and 152 are arranged one by one so as to face each other in the width direction.
  • the water flow ash removing device 151 on the third side wall 110C side and the water flow ash removing device 152 on the fourth side wall 110D side are arranged at positions facing each other, and both configurations are the same.
  • the water flow ash removing device 151 on the third side wall 110C side injects a water flow (shown by an arrow) into the high potential region A3 of the fourth side wall 110D.
  • the water flow ash removing device 152 on the side of the fourth side wall 110D injects water into the high potential region A3 of the third side wall 110C.
  • FIG. 5 shows another example of installation of the water flow ash removing devices 1511, 1512, 1521, and 1522.
  • the water flow ash removing device 1511, the upper burner 21 and the first A water flow ash removing device 1512 is installed between the angle C4 where the first side wall 110A and the fourth side wall 110D are continuous.
  • the water flow ash removing device 1521, the upper burner 21 and the second is installed between the upper burner 21 installed on the second side wall 110B and the angle C2 where the second side wall 110B and the third side wall 110C are continuous.
  • a water flow ash removing device 1522 is installed between the side wall 110B and the angle C3 where the fourth side wall 110D is continuous. Since the water flow ash removing device is installed at the after-airport level from the burner, there are no particular restrictions on the horizontal installation locations of 110A and 110B. For example, 1511 may be installed at any position in the area X. This is because the water flow ash removing device is arranged at a position that is higher than the burner in the vertical direction and does not overlap.
  • the water flow ash removing devices 1511 and 1521 inject a water flow into the high potential region A3 in the third side wall 110C.
  • the water flow ash removing devices 1512 and 1522 inject a water flow into the high potential region A3 in the fourth side wall 110D.
  • FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C An example of installation of the water flow ash removing devices 151, 152, 153, and 154 is shown with reference to FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C.
  • the horizontal cross section of the combustion cylinder 11A of FIG. 6 is a square.
  • the first side wall 110A and the third side wall 110C have a continuous angle (continuous point) C1
  • the third side wall 110C and the second side wall 110B have a continuous angle C2
  • the second side wall 110B and the fourth side wall 110D are continuous.
  • a burner 21 is provided at each of the continuous angle C3 and the angle C4 where the fourth side wall 110D and the first side wall 110A are continuous. Since each burner 21 injects pulverized coal and primary air counterclockwise (counterclockwise) in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C, a counterclockwise flame zone is generated in the center of the combustion cylinder 11A.
  • water flow ash removing devices 153, 154, 151, 152 are installed at the center of the first side wall 110A, the second side wall 110B, the third side wall 110C, and the fourth side wall 110D in the width direction or the depth direction.
  • the water flow ash removing device 153 installed on the first side wall 110A is installed at the center in the width direction of the first side wall 110A, that is, between the burners 21 installed at the corners C1 and C4, and the high potential region A3 in the third side wall 110C. Inject a stream of water into the water.
  • the water flow ash removing device 151 installed on the third side wall 110C is installed in the center of the third side wall 110C in the depth direction, that is, between the burners 21 installed at the corners C1 and C2, and is installed in the high potential region A3 in the second side wall 110B. Inject a stream of water into.
  • the water flow ash removing device 154 installed on the second side wall 110B is installed in the center of the second side wall 110B in the width direction, that is, between the burners 21 installed at the corners C2 and C3, and is installed in the high potential region A3 in the fourth side wall 110D. Inject a stream of water into.
  • the water flow ash removing device 152 installed on the fourth side wall 110D is installed in the center of the fourth side wall 110D in the depth direction, that is, between the burners 21 installed at the corners C3 and C4, and is installed in the high potential region A3 in the first side wall 110A. Inject a stream of water into. As a result, each of the water flow ash removing devices 151, 152, 153, and 154 can inject the water flow to the adjacent side wall while avoiding the flame.
  • the water flow ash removing devices 151, 152, 153, and 154 are installed on each side wall, but depending on the dimensions of the fireplace, for example, as shown in FIG. 6B, only two opposing surfaces such as the water flow ash removing devices 153 and 154 are installed. It can also be installed in. In this case, avoid the front flame zone and spray the water flow only in the side wall direction.
  • the water flow from the water flow ash removing device 153 is ejected in the directions of the third side wall 110C and the fourth side wall 110D, and easily reaches the direction of the third side wall 110C which is injected in the same direction as the turning direction of the flame zone, but the flame.
  • the water flow from the water flow ash removing device 154 installed facing each other easily reaches the direction of the fourth side wall 110D on the same principle, and if it is difficult to reach the third side wall 110C, the water flow ash removing device 153 and the water flow ash removing device 154 are effective. It is complemented and there is no problem as a removal range.
  • the water flow ash removing devices 153 and 154 are provided on the facing surfaces of the fireplace one by one, but as shown in FIG. 6C, for example, two adjacent side wall surfaces such as the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 153 are provided. It can also be installed only on the surface.
  • the water flow from the water flow ash removing device 153 is injected in the directions of the third side wall 110C and the fourth side wall 110D.
  • the water flow from the water flow ash removing device 151 reaches the second side wall 110B and the first side wall 110A.
  • the water stream reaches any of the four side walls, and the ash can be removed.
  • FIGS. 6B and 6C there is an effect that the number of water flow ash removing devices installed can be reduced as compared with the installation example of FIG. 6A.
  • ash removal in the high potential region A3 where sulfurization corrosion and ash adhesion are severe is performed by a water flow ash removing device or the like, and ash removal downstream from the high potential region A3 is performed by a wall blower.
  • a wall blower As a result, erosion and the combined wall thinning associated therewith can be prevented while effectively removing the ash in the high potential region A3.
  • coal with severe sulfur corrosion and ash adhesion can be burned, the range of operation can be expanded, and fuel costs can be reduced.
  • the number of wall blowers installed can be reduced, and the initial cost and operating cost due to steam loss can be reduced compared to the case where ash is removed only with the wall blower.
  • overlaying and thermal spraying in the high potential region A3 are not required, and the initial cost can be reduced.
  • the shape of the combustion cylinder 11A of the fireplace 11 is not limited to the square cylinder shape, but may be cylindrical.
  • the object of the present invention is to remove ash in the high potential region A3 with a water flow ash removing device, and to remove ash in the downstream area of the combustion gas with a wall blower. If the ash removal region is the high potential region A3, the installation position of the water flow ash removal device is outside the high potential region A3, for example, above the upper burner, and the injection angle of the nozzle is adjusted so that the high potential region A3 is the ash. It may be adjusted so as to be a removal area.
  • the installation positions of the burners 21 are not limited to the four corners.
  • two burners 21 are installed on each of the pair of side wall surfaces facing each other, the third side wall 110C, and the fourth side wall 110D by adjusting the injection angle so that swirling combustion can be performed. You may.
  • swirling combustion is performed counterclockwise to form a flame zone.
  • a plurality of flame zones may be formed in the fireplace 11.
  • eight burners 21 are installed in total, two at each of the four corners, two side wall surfaces, two side walls 110C, and two side walls 110D.
  • four burners 21 installed in the depth of the center (upper side in FIG. 10) along the depth direction of the fireplace 11 are one flame zone, and in front of the center (lower side in FIG. 10) along the depth direction of the fireplace 11. ) May form another flame zone with the four burners 21 installed.
  • the same effect as that of the above embodiment can be obtained by removing the ash in the high potential region with the water flow ash removing device and using the wall blower above the after-airport.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is a furnace and a boiler equipped with the furnace, which avoids complex thickness reduction, reduces the initial cost and maintenance cost of the boiler, shortens the regular inspection schedule, and ensures ash removal performance from a high potential region. A furnace 11 which burns fuel in two stages comprises: a bottom and a combustion cylinder; a burner 21 that is disposed on the side wall of the combustion cylinder; an after-air port 39 that is located vertically above the location of the burner on the side wall of the combustion cylinder; a water jet ash removal device 151, 152 that removes ash by directing a jet of water onto a first height region A3, from the burner to below the location of the after-air port, on the side wall of the combustion cylinder; and a wall blower 171, 172 that removes the ash attached above the after-air port.

Description

火炉及びそれを備えたボイラFireplace and boiler equipped with it
　本発明は、火炉及びそれを備えたボイラに関し、特に火炉壁に付着する灰の除去技術に関する。 The present invention relates to a fireplace and a boiler equipped with the same, and particularly to a technique for removing ash adhering to the furnace wall.
　石炭には灰や硫黄分が含まれているため、燃焼によって生成した灰の火炉壁への付着と、還元雰囲気で生成した硫化水素により火炉壁で硫化腐食が発生する。特にアルカリ分と硫黄分を多く含む海外の低品位炭やバイオマスを燃料に用いた場合、硫化腐食及び灰付着による運転障害が多発する問題が顕在化している。 Since coal contains ash and sulfur, ash from combustion adheres to the fireplace wall and hydrogen sulfide generated in the reducing atmosphere causes sulfide corrosion on the fireplace wall. In particular, when overseas low-grade coal or biomass containing a large amount of alkali and sulfur is used as fuel, the problem that operational troubles frequently occur due to sulfide corrosion and ash adhesion has become apparent.
　硫化腐食程度及び灰付着程度は火炉の構造にも影響される。以下、従来のボイラの構成について図７、図８を参照して説明する。図７、図８において、鉛直方向をｚ軸、水平面内で直交する幅方向及び奥行方向の其々をｘ軸、ｙ軸で表す。図７は、従来の国内のボイラ７００、図８は海外等で見られる火炉奥行(y軸方向)が広いタイプのボイラ９００、図９は、ボイラに水流灰除去装置とウォールブロワとを設置した図である。 The degree of sulfurization corrosion and the degree of ash adhesion are also affected by the structure of the fireplace. Hereinafter, the configuration of the conventional boiler will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. In FIGS. 7 and 8, the vertical direction is represented by the z-axis, and the width direction and the depth direction orthogonal to each other in the horizontal plane are represented by the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively. FIG. 7 shows the conventional domestic boiler 700, FIG. 8 shows the boiler 900 having a wide furnace depth (y-axis direction) seen overseas, and FIG. 9 shows the boiler equipped with a water flow ash removing device and a wall blower. It is a figure.
　海外の火炉奥行が広いタイプのボイラ９００（図８参照）では火炉９１１は奥行方向が国内のボイラ７００（図７参照）よりも広く（Ｄ２＞Ｄ１）、上段のバーナ９２１からアフターエアポート９３９までの距離Ｈ２が国内のボイラ７００よりも離れているものがある（Ｈ２＞Ｈ１）。 In the overseas boiler 900 (see Fig. 8) with a wide fireplace depth, the fireplace 911 has a wider depth direction than the domestic boiler 700 (see Fig. 7) (D2> D1), from the upper burner 921 to the after-airport 939. In some cases, the distance H2 is farther than the domestic boiler 700 (H2> H1).
　一般に、上段のバーナ７２１、９２１からアフターエアポート７３９、９３９までの火炉壁の領域は熱負荷が高く、且つ、強い還元域となるため、特に火炉側壁においては領域Ａ１、Ａ２が硫化腐食及び灰付着が顕著な高ポテンシャル領域となる。 Generally, the region of the fireplace wall from the upper burners 721 and 921 to the after- airports 739 and 939 has a high heat load and is a strong reduction region. Therefore, the regions A1 and A2 are sulfurized and ash-adhered, especially on the side wall of the fireplace. Is a remarkable high potential region.
　高ポテンシャル領域Ａ１、Ａ２は、Ａ１＝Ｈ１＊Ｄ１、Ａ２＝Ｈ２＊Ｄ２で表せる。よって、上段のバーナ７２１、９２１からアフターエアポート７３９、９３９までの距離Ｈ１、Ｈ２が長く、火炉７１１、９１１の奥行きＤ１、Ｄ２が長いほど高ポテンシャル領域Ａ２、Ａ１は拡大する。このことから、海外の奥行きが広いタイプのボイラ９００の高ポテンシャル領域Ａ２は、国内のボイラ７００の高ポテンシャル領域Ａ１よりも拡大する。 The high potential regions A1 and A2 can be represented by A1 = H1 * D1 and A2 = H2 * D2. Therefore, the longer the distances H1 and H2 from the upper burners 721 and 921 to the after- airports 739 and 939, and the longer the depths D1 and D2 of the fireplaces 711 and 911, the larger the high potential regions A2 and A1. For this reason, the high potential region A2 of the boiler 900 having a wide depth overseas is larger than the high potential region A1 of the boiler 700 in Japan.
　高ポテンシャル領域Ａ２、Ａ１は熱負荷が高いため灰付着が激しく、ボイラ性能を確保するためには灰除去装置の設置が不可欠である。そこで、従来、灰除去装置として、水流を付着灰の表面に吹付け、灰を除去する水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２（図９Ａ、特許文献１参照）や、空気や蒸気といった灰除去媒体を側壁に吹き付けて灰を除去するウォールブロワ１７１、１７２、１７３、１７４が知られている。図７、８、９において、点線の○は、各ウォールブロワ１７１、１７２、１７３、１７４による灰除去領域を示す。 Since the heat load is high in the high potential regions A2 and A1, ash adhesion is severe, and installation of an ash removal device is indispensable to ensure boiler performance. Therefore, conventionally, as an ash removing device, a water flow ash removing device 151, 152 (see FIG. 9A, Patent Document 1) for removing ash by spraying a water stream on the surface of the adhered ash, and an ash removing medium such as air or steam are used as side walls. Wall blowers 171, 172, 173, 174 are known to be sprayed on to remove ash. In FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, the dotted line ◯ indicates the ash removal region by each wall blower 171, 172, 173, 174.
米国特許第５９２５１９３号明細書U.S. Pat. No. 5,925,193
　水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２の特徴は、火炉７１１、９１１内部の広範囲、具体的には、図９（ａ）において斜線領域で示すように下段のバーナ７２３の下からアフターエアポート７３９までの広い範囲にわたって、スラグ状の強固な灰でも除去できることである。また水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２は、水流を使用するため、ウォールブロワのように水壁に吹き付けた蒸気や空気が、周囲の灰を巻き込み、高速で側壁に衝突してエロージョンが発生することがないという利点がある。 The features of the water ash removing devices 151 and 152 are a wide range inside the furnaces 711 and 911, specifically, a wide range from the bottom of the lower burner 723 to the after-airport 739 as shown by the shaded area in FIG. 9 (a). Over the course, even strong slag-like ash can be removed. Further, since the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152 use a water flow, steam or air blown onto the water wall like a wall blower may entrain the surrounding ash and collide with the side wall at high speed to generate erosion. There is an advantage that there is no.
　一方、水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２は、１回の灰除去領域が広いことから、蒸気温度変動が大きくなり、水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２の運用がボイラ７００の制御に対して与える影響が大きくなる。また、水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２の運用時における排ガス温度の変動が大きく、燃焼性能（ＮＯｘ、ＣＯ）への影響が大きい。更に水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２を運用することで、一度に広範囲の灰が除去される反面、除去した灰が巨大な灰塊となって落下し、火炉７１１、９１１の底部（ホッパ）の破損につながる恐れがある（図９（ａ）参照）。 On the other hand, since the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152 have a wide ash removal area at one time, the steam temperature fluctuation becomes large, and the operation of the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152 has a large influence on the control of the boiler 700. Become. In addition, the fluctuation of the exhaust gas temperature during the operation of the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152 is large, and the influence on the combustion performance (NOx, CO) is large. Furthermore, by operating the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152, a wide range of ash is removed at once, but the removed ash falls as a huge ash mass and the bottoms (hoppers) of the fireplaces 711 and 911 are damaged. (See Fig. 9 (a)).
　一方、ウォールブロワ１７１、１７２、１７３、１７４の特徴は、１回の灰除去領域は水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２に比べて狭いので、蒸気温度変動が少なく、その結果としてボイラ７００、９００の制御への影響が少ないことである。またウォールブロワ１７１、１７２、１７３、１７４を運用した際の排ガス温度の変動は小さく、燃焼性能（ＮＯｘ、ＣＯ）への影響が少ない。更に細かい区画に分けて定期的にウォールブロワを運用することで、巨大な灰塊の落下を抑制し、火炉７１１、９１１の底部の破損を防ぐことができる（図９（ｂ）参照）。 On the other hand, the wall blowers 171, 172, 173, and 174 are characterized in that the ash removal area at one time is narrower than that of the water flow ash removal devices 151 and 152, so that the steam temperature fluctuation is small, and as a result, the boilers 700 and 900 are controlled. The effect on is small. Further, when the wall blowers 171, 172, 173, and 174 are operated, the fluctuation of the exhaust gas temperature is small, and the influence on the combustion performance (NOx, CO) is small. By regularly operating the wall blower by dividing it into smaller sections, it is possible to suppress the fall of a huge ash mass and prevent damage to the bottoms of the fireplaces 711 and 911 (see FIG. 9B).
　しかし、ウォールブロワ１７１、１７２、１７３、１７４では、スラグ状の灰は除去が困難である。また、灰付着が厳しい領域、例えば高ポテンシャル領域Ａ１、Ａ２では頻繁な灰除去が必要になる。更に、火炉７１１、９１１の側壁に設置した伝熱管を複数併設した水壁に吹き付けた蒸気や空気が、周囲の灰を巻き込み、高速で側壁に衝突してエロージョンが発生する。 However, it is difficult to remove the slag-like ash with the wall blowers 171, 172, 173, and 174. Further, frequent ash removal is required in regions where ash adhesion is severe, for example, high potential regions A1 and A2. Further, steam or air blown onto a water wall having a plurality of heat transfer tubes installed on the side walls of the fireplaces 711 and 911 entrains surrounding ash and collides with the side walls at high speed to generate erosion.
　従って、ウォールブロワにより高ポテンシャル領域Ａ１、Ａ２の灰を除去しようとするとエロージョンを引き起こし、硫化腐食とエロージョンの併発で減肉が加速する（以下複合減肉と称す）。 Therefore, when an attempt is made to remove the ash in the high potential regions A1 and A2 with a wall blower, erosion is caused, and the combined thinning of sulfide corrosion and erosion accelerates the thinning (hereinafter referred to as composite thinning).
　そこで、複合減肉を避けるため、ウォールブロワ１７１、１７２、１７３、１７４による灰除去媒体が当たる箇所に溶射や肉盛等の施工が必要となり、初期コストの増加の他、定期的なメンテナンスが必要な場合ではボイラの定検スケジュールに影響する。 Therefore, in order to avoid compound wall thinning, it is necessary to perform thermal spraying, overlaying, etc. on the part where the ash removal medium by the wall blowers 171 and 172, 173, 174 hits, which increases the initial cost and requires regular maintenance. In such cases, it will affect the boiler's regular inspection schedule.
　このように灰除去装置はその種類によって異なるメリット、デメリットがあるものの、従来は火炉７１１、９１１には、水流灰除去装置又はウォールブロワのどちらか一種類の灰除去装置が設置されてきた。 Although the ash removing device has different merits and demerits depending on the type, conventionally, one type of ash removing device, either a water flow ash removing device or a wall blower, has been installed in the fireplaces 711 and 911.
　しかし、高ポテンシャル領域Ａ１、Ａ２の灰除去については、低コスト化及びボイラ制御への影響低減と、灰除去性能を向上との両立が求められている。特に、海外のボイラによく見られるのように奥行が広いタイプのボイラ９００は高ポテンシャル領域Ａ２は国内のボイラ７００の高ポテンシャル領域Ａ１に比べて広いので、拡大した高ポテンシャル領域Ａ２に合った灰除去技術が求められている。 However, for ash removal in the high potential regions A1 and A2, it is required to achieve both cost reduction, reduction of influence on boiler control, and improvement of ash removal performance. In particular, the high-potential region A2 of the wide-depth type boiler 900, which is often seen in overseas boilers, is wider than the high-potential region A1 of the domestic boiler 700, so ash that matches the expanded high-potential region A2. Removal technology is required.
　本発明は上記した課題を解決するものであり、複合減肉を避け、ボイラの初期コスト、メンテナンス費用を削減し、定検スケジュールを短縮しつつ、高ポテンシャル領域の灰除去性能も担保する火炉及びそれを備えたボイラを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and is a fireplace that avoids compound wall thinning, reduces the initial cost and maintenance cost of the boiler, shortens the regular inspection schedule, and secures the ash removal performance in the high potential region. The purpose is to provide a boiler equipped with it.
　上記課題を解決するために、本発明は、特許請求の範囲に記載の構成を備える。その一例をあげるならば、空気を供給することにより燃料を二段燃焼させる火炉であって、底部と、前記底部上に鉛直方向に沿って設置される筒状の燃焼筒と、前記燃焼筒の側壁に設けられ、理論空気量未満の空気量で燃料を燃焼させるバーナと、前記燃焼筒の側壁における前記バーナの設置位置よりも鉛直方向の上側に設置され、二段燃焼用の二次空気を前記燃焼筒内に供給するアフターエアポートと、前記燃焼筒の側壁における前記バーナの設置位置よりも上側から前記アフターエアポートの設置位置よりも下側までの第１高さ領域に水流を噴射し、前記第１高さ領域に付着した灰を除去する水流灰除去装置と、前記燃焼筒の側壁における前記アフターエアポートの設置位置よりも上側の第２高さ領域に蒸気又は空気を噴射し、前記第２高さ領域に付着した灰を除去するウォールブロワと、を備えたことを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the configuration described in the claims. An example of this is a furnace that burns fuel in two stages by supplying air, and has a bottom, a tubular combustion cylinder installed on the bottom along the vertical direction, and the combustion cylinder. A burner provided on the side wall for burning fuel with an amount of air less than the theoretical amount of air, and a burner installed on the side wall of the combustion cylinder in the vertical direction above the installation position of the burner to provide secondary air for two-stage combustion. A water stream is injected into the after-airport supplied into the combustion cylinder and the first height region from above the burner installation position on the side wall of the combustion cylinder to below the after-airport installation position. A water flow ash removing device for removing ash adhering to the first height region and steam or air are injected into the second height region above the installation position of the after-airport on the side wall of the combustion cylinder, and the second It is characterized by being provided with a wall blower that removes ash adhering to the height region.
　また本発明は、上記火炉を備えたボイラであることを特徴とする。 The present invention is also characterized in that it is a boiler equipped with the above-mentioned fireplace.
　本発明によれば、複合減肉を避け、ボイラの初期コスト、メンテナンス費用を削減し、定検スケジュールを短縮しつつ、高ポテンシャル領域の灰除去性能も担保する火炉及びそれを備えたボイラを提供することができる。上記した以外の課題、構成及び効果は、以下の実施形態の説明により明らかにされる。 According to the present invention, there is provided a fireplace and a boiler equipped with the same, which avoids compound wall thinning, reduces the initial cost and maintenance cost of the boiler, shortens the regular inspection schedule, and secures the ash removal performance in the high potential region. can do. Issues, configurations and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the description of the following embodiments.
本実施形態に係るボイラの概略構成図Schematic configuration of the boiler according to this embodiment 火炉を正面から奥行き方向に向けてみた外観図External view of the fireplace facing from the front to the depth 火炉を側面からみた外観図External view of the fireplace from the side 水流灰除去装置の設置位置及び灰除去領域を示す図（図３におけるＡ－Ａ断面）The figure which shows the installation position of the water flow ash removal device and the ash removal area (AA cross section in FIG. 3) 水流灰除去装置の設置位置及び灰除去領域の他例を示す図（図３におけるＡ－Ａ断面）The figure which shows the installation position of the water flow ash removal device and another example of the ash removal area (AA cross section in FIG. 3) 水流灰除去装置の設置位置（各側壁面に１つ）及び灰除去領域の他例を示す図（図３におけるＡ－Ａ断面）The figure which shows the installation position of the water flow ash removal device (one on each side wall surface) and another example of the ash removal area (AA cross section in FIG. 水流灰除去装置の設置位置（一組の対向面の各面に１つずつ）及び灰除去領域の他例を示す図（図３におけるＡ－Ａ断面）The figure which shows the installation position of the water flow ash removal device (one for each surface of a set of facing surfaces) and another example of an ash removal area (AA cross section in FIG. 3). 水流灰除去装置の設置位置（二つの隣接面の各面に１つずつ）及び灰除去領域の他例を示す図（図３におけるＡ－Ａ断面）The figure which shows the installation position of the water flow ash removal device (one for each surface of two adjacent surfaces) and another example of an ash removal area (AA cross section in FIG. 3). 従来ボイラを示す図Diagram showing a conventional boiler 海外等で見られる火炉奥行(y軸方向)が広いタイプのボイラを示す図Diagram showing a type of boiler with a wide fireplace depth (y-axis direction) seen overseas, etc. ボイラに水流灰除去装置とウォールブロワとを設置した図Diagram of installing a water ash remover and a wall blower on the boiler バーナ設置位置の他例を示す図Diagram showing other examples of burner installation positions
　以下、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。全図において同一の構成については同一の符号を付し、重複説明を省略する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The same components are designated by the same reference numerals in all the drawings, and duplicate description will be omitted.
　図１は、本実施形態に係るボイラ１０の概略構成図である。ボイラ１０は、固体燃料として石炭を粉砕した微粉炭を用いる。ボイラ１０は、微粉炭を火炉１１のバーナ２１、２２、２３により燃焼させ、この燃焼により発生した熱を給水や蒸気と熱交換して蒸気を生成することが可能な石炭焚きボイラである。なお、燃料は石炭に限られず、バイオマス、重油等、ボイラで燃焼可能な他の燃料であってもよい。更に多種の燃料を混合して使用してもよい。 FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the boiler 10 according to the present embodiment. The boiler 10 uses pulverized coal obtained by crushing coal as a solid fuel. The boiler 10 is a coal-fired boiler capable of producing steam by burning pulverized coal with burners 21, 22, and 23 of a furnace 11 and exchanging heat generated by the combustion with water supply or steam. The fuel is not limited to coal, and may be other fuels that can be burned in a boiler, such as biomass and heavy oil. Further, various fuels may be mixed and used.
　ボイラ１０は、火炉１１と燃焼装置１２と煙道１３とを有している。火炉１１は、例えば四角筒の中空形状をなして鉛直方向に沿って設置されている。火炉１１は、側壁が、蒸発管（伝熱管）と蒸発管を接続するフィンとで構成され、蒸発管内を流れる給水や蒸気と火炉１１内の燃焼ガスとが熱交換することにより火炉壁の温度上昇を抑制している。具体的には、火炉１１の側壁には、複数の蒸発管が例えば鉛直方向に沿って配置され、また水平方向に並んで配置されている。フィンは、蒸発管と蒸発管との間を閉塞している。火炉１１は、炉底にホッパ６２が設けられており、ホッパ６２に炉底蒸発管７０が設けられて底面を形成する。 The boiler 10 has a fireplace 11, a combustion device 12, and a flue 13. The fireplace 11 has a hollow shape of, for example, a square cylinder and is installed along the vertical direction. The side wall of the furnace 11 is composed of an evaporation pipe (heat transfer tube) and fins connecting the evaporation pipes, and the temperature of the furnace wall is reached by heat exchange between the water supply and steam flowing in the evaporation pipe and the combustion gas in the furnace 11. The rise is suppressed. Specifically, on the side wall of the fireplace 11, a plurality of evaporation pipes are arranged, for example, along the vertical direction and arranged side by side in the horizontal direction. The fins block between the evaporation pipes. The furnace 11 is provided with a hopper 62 at the bottom of the furnace, and a bottom evaporation pipe 70 is provided at the hopper 62 to form a bottom surface.
　燃焼装置１２は、火炉１１を構成する火炉壁の鉛直下部側に設けられている。本実施形態では、この燃焼装置１２は、火炉１１の側壁に装着された複数のバーナ２１、２２、２３を有している。なお、火炉１１の形状、バーナの配置や一つの段におけるバーナの数、段数はこの実施形態に限定されるものではない。 The combustion device 12 is provided on the vertically lower side of the furnace wall constituting the fireplace 11. In this embodiment, the combustion device 12 has a plurality of burners 21, 22, and 23 mounted on the side wall of the fireplace 11. The shape of the fireplace 11, the arrangement of the burners, the number of burners in one stage, and the number of stages are not limited to this embodiment.
　この各バーナ２１、２２、２３は、微粉炭供給管２６、２７、２８を介して粉砕機（微粉炭機／ミル）３１、３２、３３に連結されている。石炭が図示しない搬送系統で搬送されて、この粉砕機３１、３２、３３に投入されると、ここで所定の微粉の大きさに粉砕され、搬送用空気（１次空気）と共に微粉炭供給管２６、２７、２８からバーナ２１、２２、２３に粉砕された石炭（微粉炭）を供給することができる。 The burners 21, 22, and 23 are connected to the crusher (pulverized coal machine / mill) 31, 32, and 33 via the pulverized coal supply pipes 26, 27, and 28. When coal is transported by a transport system (not shown) and charged into the crushers 31, 32, 33, it is crushed to a predetermined size of fine powder here, and the pulverized coal supply pipe is crushed together with the transport air (primary air). Grinded coal (pulverized coal) can be supplied from 26, 27, 28 to the burners 21, 22, 23.
　また、火炉１１は、各バーナ２１、２２、２３の装着位置に風箱３６が設けられており、この風箱３６に空気を供給する空気ダクト３７ａが連結される。 Further, the fireplace 11 is provided with a wind box 36 at the mounting positions of the burners 21, 22, and 23, and an air duct 37a for supplying air to the wind box 36 is connected to the wind box 36.
　また、火炉１１の鉛直方向上側には煙道１３が連結されており、この煙道１３に蒸気を生成するための複数の熱交換器（４１、４２、４３、４４、４５、４６、４７）が配置されている。そのため、バーナ２１、２２、２３が火炉１１内に微粉炭燃料と燃焼用空気との混合気を噴射することで火炎が形成され、燃焼ガスを生成されて煙道１３に流れる。そして、燃焼ガスにより火炉壁及び熱交換器（４１～４７）を流れる給水や蒸気を加熱して過熱蒸気が生成され、生成された過熱蒸気を供給して図示しない蒸気タービンを回転駆動させ、蒸気タービンの回転軸に連結した図示しない発電機を回転駆動して発電を行うことができる。また、この煙道１３は、排ガス通路４８が連結され、燃焼ガスの浄化を行うための脱硝装置５０、送風機３８から空気ダクト３７ａへ送気する空気と排ガス通路４８を送気する排ガスとの間で熱交換を行うエアヒータ４９、煤塵処理装置５１、誘引送風機５２などが設けられ、下流端部に煙突５３が設けられている。なお、脱硝装置５０は排ガス基準を満足できれば設けなくてもよい。 Further, a flue 13 is connected to the upper side in the vertical direction of the fireplace 11, and a plurality of heat exchangers (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47) for generating steam in the flue 13 are connected. Is placed. Therefore, the burners 21, 22, and 23 inject a mixture of pulverized coal fuel and combustion air into the fireplace 11 to form a flame, and combustion gas is generated and flows into the flue 13. Then, the combustion gas heats the water supply and steam flowing through the furnace wall and the heat exchangers (41 to 47) to generate superheated steam, and the generated superheated steam is supplied to rotate and drive a steam turbine (not shown) to steam. A generator (not shown) connected to the rotating shaft of the turbine can be rotationally driven to generate power. Further, in the flue 13, the exhaust gas passage 48 is connected, and between the denitration device 50 for purifying the combustion gas, the air sent from the blower 38 to the air duct 37a, and the exhaust gas sent through the exhaust gas passage 48. An air heater 49, a soot dust processing device 51, an attracting blower 52, and the like for heat exchange are provided, and a chimney 53 is provided at the downstream end. The denitration device 50 may not be provided if the exhaust gas standard is satisfied.
　本実施形態の火炉１１は、微粉炭の搬送用空気（１次空気）及び風箱３６から火炉１１に投入される燃焼用空気（２次空気）による燃料過剰燃焼後、新たに燃焼用空気（アフタエア）を投入して燃料希薄燃焼を行わせる、所謂２段燃焼方式の火炉である。そのため、火炉１１にはアフターエアポート３９が備えられる。アフターエアポート３９に空気ダクト３７ｂの一端部が連結され、エアヒータ４９を介して送風機３８に連結される。 In the fireplace 11 of the present embodiment, after excessive fuel combustion by the air for transporting pulverized coal (primary air) and the combustion air (secondary air) introduced into the fireplace 11 from the air box 36, new combustion air (primary air) It is a so-called two-stage combustion type fireplace in which after-air) is charged to perform lean fuel combustion. Therefore, the fireplace 11 is provided with an after-airport 39. One end of the air duct 37b is connected to the after-airport 39, and is connected to the blower 38 via the air heater 49.
　図２は、火炉１１を正面から奥行き方向に向けてみた外観図である。図３は、火炉１１を側面からみた外観図である。以下、図２～図６において、鉛直方向をｚ軸、水平面内で直交する幅方向（第１水平方向）及び奥行方向（第２水平方向）の其々をｘ軸、ｙ軸で表す。 FIG. 2 is an external view of the fireplace 11 as viewed from the front in the depth direction. FIG. 3 is an external view of the fireplace 11 as viewed from the side. Hereinafter, in FIGS. 2 to 6, the vertical direction is represented by the z-axis, and the width direction (first horizontal direction) and the depth direction (second horizontal direction) orthogonal to each other in the horizontal plane are represented by the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively.
　図２の火炉１１は、地面に対して鉛直方向に沿って設置され、水冷管で構成された水冷壁で囲まれた筐体構造を有している。火炉１１の内部には、燃料である微粉炭が燃焼される燃焼空間が形成されている。燃焼空間で発生した燃焼ガスは、図２において太線矢印で示すように、火炉１１の鉛直方向の下側から上側に向かって流れる。 The fireplace 11 of FIG. 2 is installed along the vertical direction with respect to the ground and has a housing structure surrounded by a water cooling wall composed of a water cooling pipe. Inside the fireplace 11, a combustion space is formed in which pulverized coal, which is a fuel, is burned. The combustion gas generated in the combustion space flows from the lower side in the vertical direction of the fireplace 11 to the upper side as shown by the thick arrow in FIG.
　火炉１１内において、鉛直方向の下側が燃焼ガスの流れの「上流側」であり、鉛直方向の上側が燃焼ガスの流れの「下流側」である。従って、火炉１１の出口は、燃焼ガスの流れの下流側である鉛直方向の上側に位置している。 In the furnace 11, the lower side in the vertical direction is the "upstream side" of the combustion gas flow, and the upper side in the vertical direction is the "downstream side" of the combustion gas flow. Therefore, the outlet of the fireplace 11 is located on the upper side in the vertical direction, which is the downstream side of the flow of the combustion gas.
　火炉１１の上部（出口）には、火炉１１に対して交差（直交）する方向に沿って延びる煙道１３が連結されている。 A flue 13 extending along a direction intersecting (orthogonal) with the fireplace 11 is connected to the upper part (exit) of the fireplace 11.
　火炉１１は、傾斜面を有するホッパ６２と、ホッパ６２の鉛直方向上側に、四角筒状の燃焼筒１１Ａとを備える。以下の説明において、燃焼筒１１Ａの４つの各側壁を、第１側壁１１０Ａ、第２側壁１１０Ｂ、第３側壁１１０Ｃ（図３参照）、第４側壁１１０Ｄと呼ぶ。第１側壁１１０Ａ及び第２側壁１１０Ｂは、奥行方向に対向して配置された火炉１１の側壁である。第３側壁１１０Ｃ、第４側壁１１０Ｄの其々は、第１側壁１１０Ａ及び第２側壁１１０Ｂを連続させる側壁であって、幅方向に対向して配置される。ｘ－ｙ面内において時計回りに第１側壁１１０Ａ、第３側壁１１０Ｃ、第２側壁１１０Ｂ、第４側壁１１０Ｄと称する。 The fireplace 11 includes a hopper 62 having an inclined surface and a square tubular combustion cylinder 11A on the upper side of the hopper 62 in the vertical direction. In the following description, each of the four side walls of the combustion cylinder 11A will be referred to as a first side wall 110A, a second side wall 110B, a third side wall 110C (see FIG. 3), and a fourth side wall 110D. The first side wall 110A and the second side wall 110B are side walls of the fireplace 11 arranged so as to face each other in the depth direction. Each of the third side wall 110C and the fourth side wall 110D is a side wall that connects the first side wall 110A and the second side wall 110B, and is arranged so as to face each other in the width direction. It is referred to as a first side wall 110A, a third side wall 110C, a second side wall 110B, and a fourth side wall 110D clockwise in the xy plane.
　第１側壁１１０Ａ及び第２側壁１１０Ｂのそれぞれにおいて、１２個のバーナが鉛直方向に３段に、かつ各段には幅方向に沿って４個ずつ並んで設置される。バーナ２１は上段の４つのバーナを、バーナ２２は中段の４つのバーナを、バーナ２３は下段の４つのバーナを示す。第１側壁１１０Ａ側及び第２側壁１１０Ｂ側の上段のバーナ２１、中段のバーナ２２、下段のバーナ２３とは、互いに対向する位置に配置されており、いずれの構成も同一である。 In each of the first side wall 110A and the second side wall 110B, twelve burners are installed in three stages in the vertical direction, and four in each stage along the width direction. The burner 21 indicates the upper four burners, the burner 22 indicates the middle four burners, and the burner 23 indicates the lower four burners. The upper burner 21, the middle burner 22, and the lower burner 23 on the first side wall 110A side and the second side wall 110B side are arranged at positions facing each other, and all of them have the same configuration.
　第１側壁１１０Ａ及び第２側壁１１０Ｂのそれぞれにおいて、上段のバーナ２１よりも鉛直方向の上側、かつ火炉１１の出口の位置よりも下側に、４つのアフターエアポート３９が幅方向に並んでいる。第１側壁１１０Ａ側の４個のアフターエアポート３９と第２側壁１１０Ｂ側の４個のアフターエアポート３９とは、互いに対向する位置に配置されており、いずれの構成も同一である。 In each of the first side wall 110A and the second side wall 110B, four after-airports 39 are arranged in the width direction on the upper side in the vertical direction from the upper burner 21 and on the lower side from the position of the outlet of the fireplace 11. The four after-airports 39 on the first side wall 110A side and the four after-airports 39 on the second side wall 110B side are arranged at positions facing each other, and both configurations are the same.
　なお、火炉１１の複数のアフターエアポート３９の配置や鉛直方向の員数及び幅方向の員数については、必ずしも例示したものに限らない。 Note that the arrangement of the plurality of after-airports 39 of the fireplace 11 and the number of members in the vertical direction and the number of members in the width direction are not necessarily limited to the examples.
　火炉１１内の側壁には、燃料を焼却した際に発生する灰が付着する。特に燃焼領域において、上段のバーナ２１からアフターエアポート３９までの領域は、灰が火炉１１の側壁に付着しやすい高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３である。 Ash generated when fuel is incinerated adheres to the side wall inside the fireplace 11. In particular, in the combustion region, the region from the upper burner 21 to the after-airport 39 is a high-potential region A3 in which ash easily adheres to the side wall of the furnace 11.
　そこで本実施形態における火炉１１は、図３に示すように、第３側壁１１０Ｃ及び第４側壁１１０Ｄの各高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３に、水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２を設置する。更に、第３側壁１１０Ｃ及び第４側壁１１０Ｄの高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３より上側の各領域に、６つのウォールブロワ１７１、１７２を鉛直方向に２段、奥行き方向に３つ設置する。下記の説明において、火炉１１の側壁における複数の水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２及び複数のウォールブロワ１７１、１７２のそれぞれの配置や鉛直方向の員数、幅方向の員数、及び奥行方向の員数については、例示したものに限らない。 Therefore, in the fireplace 11 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152 are installed in the high potential regions A3 of the third side wall 110C and the fourth side wall 110D. Further, six wall blowers 171 and 172 are installed in two stages in the vertical direction and three in the depth direction in each region above the high potential region A3 of the third side wall 110C and the fourth side wall 110D. In the following description, the arrangement of the plurality of water flow ash removing devices 151, 152 and the plurality of wall blowers 171 and 172 on the side wall of the fireplace 11, the number of members in the vertical direction, the number of members in the width direction, and the number of members in the depth direction are described. It is not limited to the example.
　第３側壁１１０Ｃ側の上段のウォールブロワ１７１、下段のウォールブロワ１７２とは、互いに対向する位置に配置されており、いずれの構成も同一である。 The upper wall blower 171 and the lower wall blower 172 on the third side wall 110C side are arranged at positions facing each other, and both configurations are the same.
　なお、第３側壁１１０Ｃ及び第４側壁１１０Ｄにおいて、灰が自重落下しやすい上段のバーナ２１から下段のバーナ２３、及びそれよりも下の領域は、水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２のノズル方向を調整し、必要に応じて任意に水を噴射し、灰を除去してもよい。 In the third side wall 110C and the fourth side wall 110D, the nozzle directions of the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152 are adjusted in the upper burner 21 to the lower burner 23 and the regions below it where the ash easily falls by its own weight. Then, if necessary, water may be sprayed arbitrarily to remove the ash.
　図４～図６Ｃを参照して、水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２の設置位置及び灰除去領域について説明する。図４、５、６Ａ、６Ｂ、６Ｃは、水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２の設置位置及び灰除去領域を示す図であり、図３におけるＡ－Ａ断面である。 The installation positions of the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152 and the ash removing area will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6C. 4, 5, 6A, 6B, and 6C are views showing the installation positions and ash removal areas of the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 152, and are cross-sectional views taken along the line AA in FIG.
　図４に示すように、第３側壁１１０Ｃ及び第４側壁１１０Ｄの其々の上段のバーナ２１からアフターエアポート３９の下までの領域に、側壁に放水し水勢により側壁に付着した灰を除去する水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２を１つずつ、幅方向に対向して配置する。 As shown in FIG. 4, a water flow that discharges water to the side wall and removes ash adhering to the side wall by the water force in the region from the upper burner 21 to the bottom of the after-airport 39 of each of the third side wall 110C and the fourth side wall 110D. The ash removing devices 151 and 152 are arranged one by one so as to face each other in the width direction.
　第３側壁１１０Ｃ側の水流灰除去装置１５１と第４側壁１１０Ｄ側の水流灰除去装置１５２とは、互いに対向する位置に配置されており、いずれの構成も同一である。第３側壁１１０Ｃ側の水流灰除去装置１５１は、第４側壁１１０Ｄの高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３に水流（矢印で図示する）を噴射する。第４側壁１１０Ｄ側の水流灰除去装置１５２は、第３側壁１１０Ｃの高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３に水を噴射する。 The water flow ash removing device 151 on the third side wall 110C side and the water flow ash removing device 152 on the fourth side wall 110D side are arranged at positions facing each other, and both configurations are the same. The water flow ash removing device 151 on the third side wall 110C side injects a water flow (shown by an arrow) into the high potential region A3 of the fourth side wall 110D. The water flow ash removing device 152 on the side of the fourth side wall 110D injects water into the high potential region A3 of the third side wall 110C.
　図５は水流灰除去装置１５１１、１５１２、１５２１、１５２２の設置別例である。第１側壁１１０Ａに設置された上段のバーナ２１と、第１側壁１１０Ａ及び第３側壁１１０Ｃとが連続する角（連続点）Ｃ１との間に水流灰除去装置１５１１、上段のバーナ２１と、第１側壁１１０Ａ及び第４側壁１１０Ｄとが連続する角Ｃ４との間に水流灰除去装置１５１２を設置する。同様に、第２側壁１１０Ｂに設置された上段のバーナ２１と、第２側壁１１０Ｂ及び第３側壁１１０Ｃとが連続する角Ｃ２との間に水流灰除去装置１５２１、上段のバーナ２１と、第２側壁１１０Ｂ及び第４側壁１１０Ｄとが連続する角Ｃ３との間に水流灰除去装置１５２２を設置する。なお、水流灰除去装置はバーナからアフタエアポートレベルに設置するため、１１０Ａ、１１０Ｂの水平方向の設置個所に特に制約はなく、例えば１５１１は領域Ｘのどの位置に設置してもよい。上下方向ではバーナよりも高い、重複しない位置に水流灰除去装置は配置されるためである。 FIG. 5 shows another example of installation of the water flow ash removing devices 1511, 1512, 1521, and 1522. Between the upper burner 21 installed on the first side wall 110A and the angle (continuous point) C1 where the first side wall 110A and the third side wall 110C are continuous, the water flow ash removing device 1511, the upper burner 21 and the first A water flow ash removing device 1512 is installed between the angle C4 where the first side wall 110A and the fourth side wall 110D are continuous. Similarly, between the upper burner 21 installed on the second side wall 110B and the angle C2 where the second side wall 110B and the third side wall 110C are continuous, the water flow ash removing device 1521, the upper burner 21 and the second. A water flow ash removing device 1522 is installed between the side wall 110B and the angle C3 where the fourth side wall 110D is continuous. Since the water flow ash removing device is installed at the after-airport level from the burner, there are no particular restrictions on the horizontal installation locations of 110A and 110B. For example, 1511 may be installed at any position in the area X. This is because the water flow ash removing device is arranged at a position that is higher than the burner in the vertical direction and does not overlap.
　水流灰除去装置１５１１、１５２１は、第３側壁１１０Ｃにおける高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３に水流を噴射する。 The water flow ash removing devices 1511 and 1521 inject a water flow into the high potential region A3 in the third side wall 110C.
　水流灰除去装置１５１２、１５２２は、第４側壁１１０Ｄにおける高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３に水流を噴射する。 The water flow ash removing devices 1512 and 1522 inject a water flow into the high potential region A3 in the fourth side wall 110D.
　図６Ａ、図６Ｂ、図６Ｃを参照して水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２、１５３、１５４の設置別例を示す。図６の燃焼筒１１Ａの水平断面は正方形である。 An example of installation of the water flow ash removing devices 151, 152, 153, and 154 is shown with reference to FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C. The horizontal cross section of the combustion cylinder 11A of FIG. 6 is a square.
　火炉１１は、第１側壁１１０Ａ及び第３側壁１１０Ｃが連続する角（連続点）Ｃ１、第３側壁１１０Ｃと第２側壁１１０Ｂとが連続する角Ｃ２、第２側壁１１０Ｂ及び第４側壁１１０Ｄとが連続する角Ｃ３、及び第４側壁１１０Ｄと第１側壁１１０Ａとが連続する角Ｃ４の其々に、バーナ２１が其々備えられる。各バーナ２１は、図６Ａ、図６Ｂ、図６Ｃにおいて反時計回り（左回り）に微粉炭と一次空気とを噴射するので、燃焼筒１１Ａの中央に反時計回りの火炎帯が発生する。 In the fireplace 11, the first side wall 110A and the third side wall 110C have a continuous angle (continuous point) C1, the third side wall 110C and the second side wall 110B have a continuous angle C2, the second side wall 110B and the fourth side wall 110D. A burner 21 is provided at each of the continuous angle C3 and the angle C4 where the fourth side wall 110D and the first side wall 110A are continuous. Since each burner 21 injects pulverized coal and primary air counterclockwise (counterclockwise) in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C, a counterclockwise flame zone is generated in the center of the combustion cylinder 11A.
　図６Ａでは、第１側壁１１０Ａ、第２側壁１１０Ｂ、第３側壁１１０Ｃ、及び第４側壁１１０Ｄの幅方向又は奥行方向中央には、水流灰除去装置１５３、１５４、１５１、１５２が設置される。 In FIG. 6A, water flow ash removing devices 153, 154, 151, 152 are installed at the center of the first side wall 110A, the second side wall 110B, the third side wall 110C, and the fourth side wall 110D in the width direction or the depth direction.
　第１側壁１１０Ａに設置される水流灰除去装置１５３は、第１側壁１１０Ａの幅方向中央、即ち角Ｃ１、Ｃ４に設置されたバーナ２１の間に設置され、第３側壁１１０Ｃにおける高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３に水流を噴射する。 The water flow ash removing device 153 installed on the first side wall 110A is installed at the center in the width direction of the first side wall 110A, that is, between the burners 21 installed at the corners C1 and C4, and the high potential region A3 in the third side wall 110C. Inject a stream of water into the water.
　第３側壁１１０Ｃに設置される水流灰除去装置１５１は、第３側壁１１０Ｃの奥行方向中央、即ち角Ｃ１、Ｃ２に設置されたバーナ２１の間に設置され、第２側壁１１０Ｂにおける高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３に水流を噴射する。 The water flow ash removing device 151 installed on the third side wall 110C is installed in the center of the third side wall 110C in the depth direction, that is, between the burners 21 installed at the corners C1 and C2, and is installed in the high potential region A3 in the second side wall 110B. Inject a stream of water into.
　第２側壁１１０Ｂに設置される水流灰除去装置１５４は、第２側壁１１０Ｂの幅方向中央、即ち角Ｃ２、Ｃ３に設置されたバーナ２１の間に設置され、第４側壁１１０Ｄにおける高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３に水流を噴射する。 The water flow ash removing device 154 installed on the second side wall 110B is installed in the center of the second side wall 110B in the width direction, that is, between the burners 21 installed at the corners C2 and C3, and is installed in the high potential region A3 in the fourth side wall 110D. Inject a stream of water into.
　第４側壁１１０Ｄに設置される水流灰除去装置１５２は、第４側壁１１０Ｄの奥行方向中央、即ち角Ｃ３、Ｃ４に設置されたバーナ２１の間に設置され、第１側壁１１０Ａにおける高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３に水流を噴射する。これにより各水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２、１５３、１５４は、火炎を避けて水流を隣接する側壁に噴射できる。 The water flow ash removing device 152 installed on the fourth side wall 110D is installed in the center of the fourth side wall 110D in the depth direction, that is, between the burners 21 installed at the corners C3 and C4, and is installed in the high potential region A3 in the first side wall 110A. Inject a stream of water into. As a result, each of the water flow ash removing devices 151, 152, 153, and 154 can inject the water flow to the adjacent side wall while avoiding the flame.
　上記は各側壁に水流灰除去装置１５１、１５２、１５３、１５４を設置した例であるが、火炉の寸法によっては例えば図６Ｂに示すように、水流灰除去装置１５３、１５４等対向する２面のみに設置することもできる。この場合、正面の火炎帯を避け、水流は側壁方向のみに噴射することとする。例えば、水流灰除去装置１５３からの水流は第３側壁１１０Ｃ、第４側壁１１０Ｄ方向に噴射するが、火炎帯の旋回方向と同じ向きに噴射する第３側壁１１０Ｃの方向には届きやすいが、火炎帯の旋回方向と逆行する第４側壁１１０Ｄの方向には届きにくい。一方、対面に設置した水流灰除去装置１５４からの水流は同じ原理で第４側壁１１０Ｄの方向に届きやすく、第３側壁１１０Ｃに届きにくいと水流灰除去装置１５３と水流灰除去装置１５４で効果が補完され、除去範囲としては問題ない。 The above is an example in which the water flow ash removing devices 151, 152, 153, and 154 are installed on each side wall, but depending on the dimensions of the fireplace, for example, as shown in FIG. 6B, only two opposing surfaces such as the water flow ash removing devices 153 and 154 are installed. It can also be installed in. In this case, avoid the front flame zone and spray the water flow only in the side wall direction. For example, the water flow from the water flow ash removing device 153 is ejected in the directions of the third side wall 110C and the fourth side wall 110D, and easily reaches the direction of the third side wall 110C which is injected in the same direction as the turning direction of the flame zone, but the flame. It is difficult to reach in the direction of the fourth side wall 110D, which is opposite to the turning direction of the band. On the other hand, the water flow from the water flow ash removing device 154 installed facing each other easily reaches the direction of the fourth side wall 110D on the same principle, and if it is difficult to reach the third side wall 110C, the water flow ash removing device 153 and the water flow ash removing device 154 are effective. It is complemented and there is no problem as a removal range.
　また上記では火炉の対向面に各１つずつ水流灰除去装置１５３、１５４を備えたが例えば図６Ｃに示すように、水流灰除去装置１５１、１５３等、４つの側壁面の内、隣接する２面のみに設置することもできる。例えば、水流灰除去装置１５３からの水流は第３側壁１１０Ｃ、第４側壁１１０Ｄ方向に噴射する。一方、水流灰除去装置１５１からの水流は第２側壁１１０Ｂ及び第１側壁１１０Ａに届く。これにより４つの側壁のいずれにも水流が届き、灰を除去することができる。特に図６Ｂ、図６Ｃでは、図６Ａの設置例に比べて水流灰除去装置の設置数を減らすことができるという効果がある。 Further, in the above, the water flow ash removing devices 153 and 154 are provided on the facing surfaces of the fireplace one by one, but as shown in FIG. 6C, for example, two adjacent side wall surfaces such as the water flow ash removing devices 151 and 153 are provided. It can also be installed only on the surface. For example, the water flow from the water flow ash removing device 153 is injected in the directions of the third side wall 110C and the fourth side wall 110D. On the other hand, the water flow from the water flow ash removing device 151 reaches the second side wall 110B and the first side wall 110A. As a result, the water stream reaches any of the four side walls, and the ash can be removed. In particular, in FIGS. 6B and 6C, there is an effect that the number of water flow ash removing devices installed can be reduced as compared with the installation example of FIG. 6A.
　本実施形態によれば、硫化腐食及び灰付着が厳しい高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３の灰除去を水流灰除去装置等で行い、高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３よりも下流の灰除去はウォールブロワで行う。これにより、高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３の灰除去を効果的に行いつつ、エロージョン及びそれに伴う複合減肉が防止できる。 According to this embodiment, ash removal in the high potential region A3 where sulfurization corrosion and ash adhesion are severe is performed by a water flow ash removing device or the like, and ash removal downstream from the high potential region A3 is performed by a wall blower. As a result, erosion and the combined wall thinning associated therewith can be prevented while effectively removing the ash in the high potential region A3.
　これにより、硫化腐食及び灰付着が厳しい石炭が焚けるようになり、運用幅がひろがり、燃料コストが下がる。 As a result, coal with severe sulfur corrosion and ash adhesion can be burned, the range of operation can be expanded, and fuel costs can be reduced.
　また、ウォールブロワだけで灰除去を行う場合に比べて、ウォールブロワの設置台数を削減でき、イニシャルコスト及び蒸気ロスによる運用コストが削減できる。 In addition, the number of wall blowers installed can be reduced, and the initial cost and operating cost due to steam loss can be reduced compared to the case where ash is removed only with the wall blower.
　更に高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３での肉盛、溶射が不要となり、イニシャルコストが削減できる。 Furthermore, overlaying and thermal spraying in the high potential region A3 are not required, and the initial cost can be reduced.
　また、排ガス温度、蒸気温度等の制御がしやすくなり、運用性が向上する。 In addition, it becomes easier to control the exhaust gas temperature, steam temperature, etc., and operability is improved.
　また、灰塊の落下によるホッパ６２の破損、蒸気温度変動によるチューブリークが防止でき、メンテナンス費用が下がり、定検スケジュールを短縮できる。 In addition, damage to the hopper 62 due to the fall of ash lumps and tube leakage due to steam temperature fluctuations can be prevented, maintenance costs can be reduced, and the regular inspection schedule can be shortened.
　上記実施形態は、本発明を限定するものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲での変更態様は、本発明に含まれる。 The above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention, and modifications thereof within a range that does not deviate from the gist of the present invention are included in the present invention.
　例えば、火炉１１の燃焼筒１１Ａの形状は、四角筒状に限定されず、円筒状であってもよい。 For example, the shape of the combustion cylinder 11A of the fireplace 11 is not limited to the square cylinder shape, but may be cylindrical.
　また、本発明の趣旨は、水流灰除去装置で高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３の灰除去を行い、其れよりも燃焼ガスの下流域はウォールブロワで灰除去を行うものであるので、水流灰除去装置による灰除去領域が高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３であれば、水流灰除去装置の設置位置は高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３外、例えば上段バーナよりも上にあり、ノズルの噴射角度を調整して、高ポテンシャル領域Ａ３が灰除去領域になるように調整してもよい。 Further, the object of the present invention is to remove ash in the high potential region A3 with a water flow ash removing device, and to remove ash in the downstream area of the combustion gas with a wall blower. If the ash removal region is the high potential region A3, the installation position of the water flow ash removal device is outside the high potential region A3, for example, above the upper burner, and the injection angle of the nozzle is adjusted so that the high potential region A3 is the ash. It may be adjusted so as to be a removal area.
　また上記では火炉１１の四隅にバーナ２１が設置されている例について説明したが、バーナ２１の設置位置は四隅に限定されない。例えば図１０（ａ）のように対向する１組の側壁面、第３側壁１１０Ｃ、第４側壁１１０Ｄの其々に、旋回燃焼が行える向きに噴射角度を調整して二つのバーナ２１を設置してもよい。図１０（ａ）では反時計回りに旋回燃焼が行われて火炎帯が形成される。 Although the example in which the burners 21 are installed at the four corners of the fireplace 11 has been described above, the installation positions of the burners 21 are not limited to the four corners. For example, as shown in FIG. 10A, two burners 21 are installed on each of the pair of side wall surfaces facing each other, the third side wall 110C, and the fourth side wall 110D by adjusting the injection angle so that swirling combustion can be performed. You may. In FIG. 10A, swirling combustion is performed counterclockwise to form a flame zone.
　また火炎帯は火炉１１内に複数形成されてもよい。例えば図１０（ｂ）のように各四隅と、二つの側壁面、第３側壁１１０Ｃ、第４側壁１１０Ｄの其々に二つずつ、合わせて８つのバーナ２１を設置する。そして、火炉１１の奥行方向に沿って中央より奥（図１０において上側）に設置された４つのバーナ２１で一つの火炎帯、火炉１１の奥行方向に沿って中央より手前（図１０において下側）に設置された４つのバーナ２１でもう一つの火炎帯を形成してもよい。この場合も、水流灰除去装置で高ポテンシャル領域を、アフターエアポートより上側はウォールブロワを用いて灰除去を行うことにより、上記実施形態と同様の作用効果が得られる。 Further, a plurality of flame zones may be formed in the fireplace 11. For example, as shown in FIG. 10B, eight burners 21 are installed in total, two at each of the four corners, two side wall surfaces, two side walls 110C, and two side walls 110D. Then, four burners 21 installed in the depth of the center (upper side in FIG. 10) along the depth direction of the fireplace 11 are one flame zone, and in front of the center (lower side in FIG. 10) along the depth direction of the fireplace 11. ) May form another flame zone with the four burners 21 installed. Also in this case, the same effect as that of the above embodiment can be obtained by removing the ash in the high potential region with the water flow ash removing device and using the wall blower above the after-airport.
１０、７００、９００：ボイラ
１１、７１１、９１１：火炉
１１Ａ　　：燃焼筒
１２　　　：燃焼装置
１３　　　：煙道
２１、２２、２３、７２１、９２１：バーナ
２６、２７、２８：微粉炭供給管
３１、３２、３３：粉砕機
３６　　　：風箱
３７ａ、３７ｂ：空気ダクト
３８　　　：送風機
３９、７３９、９３９：アフターエアポート
４８　　　：排ガス通路
４９　　　：エアヒータ
５０　　　：脱硝装置
５１　　　：煤塵処理装置
５２　　　：誘引送風機
５３　　　：煙突
６２　　　：ホッパ
７０　　　：炉底蒸発管
１１０Ａ　：第１側壁
１１０Ｂ　：第２側壁
１１０Ｃ　：第３側壁
１１０Ｄ　：第４側壁
１５１、１５２、１５１１、１５１２、１５２１、１５２２、１５３、１５４：水流灰除去装置
１７１、１７２、１７３、１７４：ウォールブロワ 10, 700, 900: Boiler 11, 711, 911: Fireplace 11A: Combustion cylinder 12: Combustion device 13: Flue 21, 22, 23, 721, 921: Burner 26, 27, 28: Pulverized coal supply pipe 31, 32 , 33: Crusher 36: Air box 37a, 37b: Air duct 38: Blower 39, 739, 939: After-airport 48: Exhaust passage 49: Air heater 50: Denitration device 51: Soot dust treatment device 52: Attracting blower 53: Chimney 62 : Hopper 70: Furnace bottom evaporative pipe 110A: 1st side wall 110B: 2nd side wall 110C: 3rd side wall 110D: 4th side wall 151, 152, 1511, 1512, 1521, 1522, 153, 154: Water flow ash removing device 171, 172, 173, 174: Wall blower

Claims (5)

  1. 　空気を供給することにより燃料を二段燃焼させる火炉であって、
    　底部と、
    　前記底部上に鉛直方向に沿って設置される筒状の燃焼筒と、
    　前記燃焼筒の側壁に設けられ、理論空気量未満の空気量で燃料を燃焼させるバーナと、
    　前記燃焼筒の側壁における前記バーナの設置位置よりも鉛直方向の上側に設置され、二段燃焼用の二次空気を前記燃焼筒内に供給するアフターエアポートと、
    　前記燃焼筒の側壁における前記バーナの設置位置よりも上側から前記アフターエアポートの設置位置よりも下側までの第１高さ領域に水流を噴射し、前記第１高さ領域に付着した灰を除去する水流灰除去装置と、
    　前記燃焼筒の側壁における前記アフターエアポートの設置位置よりも上側の第２高さ領域に蒸気又は空気を噴射し、前記第２高さ領域に付着した灰を除去するウォールブロワと、
    　を備えたことを特徴とする火炉。     A fireplace that burns fuel in two stages by supplying air.
    At the bottom
    A tubular combustion cylinder installed on the bottom along the vertical direction,
    A burner provided on the side wall of the combustion cylinder and for burning fuel with an amount of air less than the theoretical amount of air,
    An after-airport installed on the side wall of the combustion cylinder above the installation position of the burner in the vertical direction and supplying secondary air for two-stage combustion into the combustion cylinder.
    A water stream is sprayed from the upper side of the side wall of the combustion cylinder to the lower side of the after-airport installation position to remove the ash adhering to the first height region. Water flow ash removal device and
    A wall blower that injects steam or air into a second height region above the installation position of the after-airport on the side wall of the combustion cylinder to remove ash adhering to the second height region.
    A fireplace characterized by being equipped with.
  2. 　請求項１に記載の火炉であって、
    　前記燃焼筒は、水平断面が四角形の中空形状に形成され、
    　第１側壁と、
    　水平面内における第１方向において前記第１側壁に対向する第２側壁と、
    　前記第１側壁及び前記第２側壁の其々を前記第１方向に沿って連続させる第３側壁と、
    　前記第１側壁及び前記第２側壁の其々を前記第１方向に沿って連続する第４側壁であって、前記第１方向に前記水平面内で直交する第２方向において前記第３側壁に対向する第４側壁と、を含み、
    　前記バーナは前記火炉に少なくとも２つ以上設けられ、当該複数のバーナの其々は、前記第１側壁及び前記第２側壁の其々に少なくとも１つ以上設置され、
    　前記水流灰除去装置は前記火炉に少なくとも２つ以上設けられ、当該複数の水流灰除去装置の其々は、前記第３側壁及び前記第４側壁の其々に少なくとも１つ以上設置され、
    　前記第３側壁に設置された水流灰除去装置は、前記第４側壁における前記第１高さ領域に水流を噴射し、
    　前記第４側壁に設置された水流灰除去装置は、前記第３側壁における前記第１高さ領域に水流を噴射する、
    　ことを特徴とする火炉。     The fireplace according to claim 1.
    The combustion cylinder is formed in a hollow shape having a quadrangular horizontal cross section.
    The first side wall and
    A second side wall facing the first side wall in the first direction in the horizontal plane,
    A third side wall that connects each of the first side wall and the second side wall along the first direction, and
    A fourth side wall in which each of the first side wall and the second side wall is continuous along the first direction and faces the third side wall in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction in the horizontal plane. Including the fourth side wall
    At least two or more of the burners are provided in the fireplace, and at least one of the plurality of burners is installed in each of the first side wall and the second side wall.
    At least two or more of the water flow ash removing devices are provided in the fireplace, and at least one or more of the plurality of water flow ash removing devices are installed in each of the third side wall and the fourth side wall.
    The water flow ash removing device installed on the third side wall injects a water flow into the first height region on the fourth side wall.
    The water flow ash removing device installed on the fourth side wall injects water flow into the first height region on the third side wall.
    A fireplace characterized by that.
  3. 　請求項１に記載の火炉であって、
    　前記燃焼筒は、水平断面が四角形の中空形状に形成され、
    　第１側壁と、
    　水平面内における第１方向において前記第１側壁に対向する第２側壁と、
    　前記第１側壁及び前記第２側壁の其々を前記第１方向に沿って連続させる第３側壁と、
    　前記第１側壁及び前記第２側壁の其々を前記第１方向に沿って連続する第４側壁であって、前記第１方向に前記水平面内で直交する第２方向において前記第３側壁に対向する第４側壁と、を含み、
    　前記バーナは前記火炉に少なくとも二つ以上設けられ、当該複数のバーナの其々は前記第１側壁及び前記第２側壁の其々に少なくとも１つ以上設置され、
    　前記水流灰除去装置は前記火炉に少なくとも４つ以上設けられ、
    　前記第１側壁に設置される第１水流灰除去装置は、当該第１側壁に設置されたバーナと前記第１側壁及び前記第３側壁の連続点との間に設置され、前記第３側壁における前記第１高さ領域に水流を噴射し、
    　前記第１側壁に設置される第２水流灰除去装置は、当該第１側壁に設置されたバーナと前記第１側壁及び第４側壁の連続点との間に設置され、前記第４側壁における前記第１高さ領域に水流を噴射し、
    　前記第２側壁に設置される第３水流灰除去装置は、当該第２側壁に設置されたバーナと前記第２側壁及び第３側壁の連続点との間に設置され、前記第３側壁における前記第１高さ領域に水流を噴射し、
    　前記第２側壁に設置される第４水流灰除去装置は、当該第２側壁に設置されたバーナと前記第２側壁及び第４側壁の連続点との間に設置され、前記第４側壁における前記第１高さ領域に水流を噴射する、
    　ことを特徴とする火炉。     The fireplace according to claim 1.
    The combustion cylinder is formed in a hollow shape having a quadrangular horizontal cross section.
    The first side wall and
    A second side wall facing the first side wall in the first direction in the horizontal plane,
    A third side wall that connects each of the first side wall and the second side wall along the first direction, and
    A fourth side wall in which each of the first side wall and the second side wall is continuous along the first direction and faces the third side wall in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction in the horizontal plane. Including the fourth side wall
    At least two or more burners are provided in the fireplace, and at least one of the plurality of burners is installed in each of the first side wall and the second side wall.
    At least four or more of the water flow ash removing devices are provided in the fireplace.
    The first water flow ash removing device installed on the first side wall is installed between the burner installed on the first side wall and the continuous points of the first side wall and the third side wall, and is installed on the third side wall. A water stream is sprayed into the first height region,
    The second water flow ash removing device installed on the first side wall is installed between the burner installed on the first side wall and the continuous point of the first side wall and the fourth side wall, and the said on the fourth side wall. A stream of water is sprayed into the first height region,
    The third water flow ash removing device installed on the second side wall is installed between the burner installed on the second side wall and the continuous point of the second side wall and the third side wall, and the said on the third side wall. A stream of water is sprayed into the first height region,
    The fourth water flow ash removing device installed on the second side wall is installed between the burner installed on the second side wall and the continuous point of the second side wall and the fourth side wall, and the said on the fourth side wall. Inject a stream of water into the first height region,
    A fireplace characterized by that.
  4. 　請求項１に記載の火炉であって、
    　前記燃焼筒は、水平断面が四角筒の中空形状に形成され、
    　第１側壁と、
    　水平面内における第１方向において前記第１側壁に対向する第２側壁と、
    　前記第１側壁及び前記第２側壁の其々を前記第１方向に沿って連続させる第３側壁と、
    　前記第１側壁及び前記第２側壁の其々を前記第１方向に沿って連続する第４側壁であって、前記第１方向に前記水平面内で直交する第２方向において前記第３側壁に対向する第４側壁と、を含み、
    　前記バーナは前記火炉に少なくとも４つ設けられ、
    　前記第１側壁及び前記第３側壁の連続点に第１バーナが設置され、
    　前記第３側壁及び前記第２側壁の連続点に第２バーナが設置され、
    　前記第２側壁及び前記第４側壁の連続点に第３バーナが設置され、
    　前記第４側壁及び前記第１側壁の連続点に第４バーナが設置され、
    　前記水流灰除去装置は前記火炉に少なくとも４つ設けられ、
    　前記第１側壁には設置される第１水流灰除去装置は、前記第１バーナ及び前記第４バーナの間に設置され、前記第３側壁における前記第１高さ領域に水流を噴射し、
    　前記第３側壁には設置される第２水流灰除去装置は、前記第１バーナ及び前記第２バーナの間に設置され、前記第２側壁における前記第１高さ領域に水流を噴射し、
    　前記第２側壁には設置される第３水流灰除去装置は、前記第２バーナ及び前記第３バーナの間に設置され、前記第４側壁における前記第１高さ領域に水流を噴射し、
    　前記第４側壁には設置される第４水流灰除去装置は、前記第３バーナ及び前記第４バーナの間に設置され、前記第１側壁における前記第１高さ領域に水流を噴射する、
    　ことを特徴とする火炉。     The fireplace according to claim 1.
    The combustion cylinder is formed in a hollow shape having a square horizontal cross section.
    The first side wall and
    A second side wall facing the first side wall in the first direction in the horizontal plane,
    A third side wall that connects each of the first side wall and the second side wall along the first direction, and
    A fourth side wall in which each of the first side wall and the second side wall is continuous along the first direction and faces the third side wall in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction in the horizontal plane. Including the fourth side wall
    At least four burners are provided in the fireplace.
    A first burner is installed at a continuous point between the first side wall and the third side wall.
    A second burner is installed at a continuous point between the third side wall and the second side wall.
    A third burner is installed at a continuous point between the second side wall and the fourth side wall.
    A fourth burner is installed at a continuous point between the fourth side wall and the first side wall.
    At least four of the water ash removing devices are provided in the fireplace.
    The first water flow ash removing device installed on the first side wall is installed between the first burner and the fourth burner, and injects water flow into the first height region on the third side wall.
    The second water flow ash removing device installed on the third side wall is installed between the first burner and the second burner, and injects water flow into the first height region on the second side wall.
    The third water flow ash removing device installed on the second side wall is installed between the second burner and the third burner, and injects water flow into the first height region on the fourth side wall.
    The fourth water flow ash removing device installed on the fourth side wall is installed between the third burner and the fourth burner, and injects water flow into the first height region on the first side wall.
    A fireplace characterized by that.
  5. 　請求項１から請求項４までのいずれか一つに記載の火炉を備えたボイラ。 A boiler equipped with the fireplace according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
PCT/JP2020/018113 2019-05-07 2020-04-28 Furnace and boiler equipped with same WO2020226104A1 (en)

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JP2002323215A (en) * 2001-04-26 2002-11-08 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Boiler ash removal apparatus
JP2006112720A (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-27 Babcock Hitachi Kk Ash removing method
JP2009079835A (en) * 2007-09-26 2009-04-16 Hitachi Ltd Boiler device and remodeling method of boiler device
WO2012035777A1 (en) * 2010-09-16 2012-03-22 バブコック日立株式会社 Combustion plant
CN204358709U (en) * 2014-12-15 2015-05-27 西安热工研究院有限公司 A kind of combustion system of Opposite Firing Boiler

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