WO2020220210A1 - 一种电动绞盘 - Google Patents

一种电动绞盘 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020220210A1
WO2020220210A1 PCT/CN2019/085029 CN2019085029W WO2020220210A1 WO 2020220210 A1 WO2020220210 A1 WO 2020220210A1 CN 2019085029 W CN2019085029 W CN 2019085029W WO 2020220210 A1 WO2020220210 A1 WO 2020220210A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clutch
gear sleeve
winch
shaft
damping
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/085029
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许周来
Original Assignee
江苏华风科技有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏华风科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏华风科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2019/085029 priority Critical patent/WO2020220210A1/zh
Publication of WO2020220210A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020220210A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/18—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with non-hinged detent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/02—Driving gear
    • B66D1/14—Power transmissions between power sources and drums or barrels
    • B66D1/16—Power transmissions between power sources and drums or barrels the drums or barrels being freely rotatable, e.g. having a clutch activated independently of a brake

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of winches, in particular to an electric winch.
  • a clutch is similar to a switch, which engages or disengages the power transmission function.
  • the active part and the driven part of the clutch mechanism can be temporarily separated, and can be gradually engaged, and it is possible to rotate relatively during the transmission process.
  • a current electric winch clutch includes a bracket 200.
  • the bracket 200 is provided with a power shaft 206.
  • One end of the power shaft 206 is driven by Driven by the motor 201, the drive motor 201 is fixed on the support 200, the power shaft 206 is rotated and sleeved with a winch 202, and the power shaft 206 is sleeved with two friction plates 203, the two friction plates 203 are respectively located on both sides of the winch 202
  • a brake disc 204 is provided between the friction plate 203 on the side facing the drive motor 201 and the bracket 200, the brake disc 204 is fixed to the power shaft 206, and the friction plate 203 on the side away from the drive motor 201 and the bracket 200 is provided
  • There is a clutch 300 the clutch 300 is threadedly connected with the bracket 200, the bracket 200 is provided with a clamping block 205 matched with the clutch 300, and a wedge-shaped groove is provided
  • the clutch 300 includes a clutch disc body 100 and a pin 303 arranged radially along the clutch disc body 100.
  • the clutch disc body 100 is provided with an annular cavity 102 arranged around its center.
  • the inner and outer sides of the annular cavity 102 are respectively provided with inner rings 103 and the outer ring 104, the center of the clutch disc body 100 is provided with an internally threaded through hole 101, the inner ring 103 is provided with a counterbore 301 for placing the pin 303 radially, and the outer ring 104 corresponds to the counterbore 301
  • the position is provided with a through hole 302, the bottom end of the pin 303 is inserted into the counter hole 301, and can be expanded and contracted in the counter hole 301, the top end of the pin 303 passes through the through hole 302, the pin 303 is sleeved with a reset spring 305, a reset spring 305 Located in the annular cavity 102, the pin 303 is provided with a cotter pin 304, which prevent
  • the drive motor 201 drives the power shaft 206 to rotate, and the power shaft 206 drives the clutch 300 to rotate.
  • the pin 303 on the clutch 300 hits the stop, it will cause the clutch 300 to have a speed difference relative to the power shaft 206.
  • the clutch 300 moves in the direction toward the winch 202 on the power shaft 206 until the clutch 300 drives the friction plate 203 to squeeze the winch 202, so that the friction plates 203 on both sides of the winch 202 co-press the winch 202, and the brake disc 204 and The clutch 300 jointly drives the rotation to achieve anchoring.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric winch with the advantage of long service life.
  • An electric winch includes a U-shaped frame, the U-shaped frame is provided with a winch wheel, the winch includes a winch shaft rotatably connected with the U-shaped frame, two baffles are provided on the winch shaft, and one end of the winch shaft
  • the extended U-shaped frame is driven by a motor.
  • a worm gear box is provided between the motor and the winch shaft.
  • a clutch is also provided between the worm gear box and the winch shaft.
  • the clutch includes a clutch fixed on the outer side wall of the U-shaped frame.
  • a housing the clutch housing is rotatably provided with a transmission gear sleeve and a clutch gear sleeve matched with the transmission gear sleeve, the transmission gear sleeve is fixedly connected to the winch shaft, and the inner wall of the clutch gear sleeve is provided with a shaft
  • the worm gear box output shaft is provided with a connecting key inserted into the key groove
  • the side surface of the clutch gear sleeve facing the transmission gear sleeve is provided with at least one first locking tooth, and the side surface of the transmission gear sleeve facing the clutch gear sleeve is provided with a second locking groove that cooperates with the first locking tooth.
  • An annular engagement limit groove is provided on the clutch gear sleeve at one end close to the transmission gear sleeve, and an annular separation limit groove is provided on the clutch gear sleeve at one end away from the transmission gear sleeve.
  • the engagement limit groove And the separation limit groove are arranged coaxially with the clutch gear sleeve, the clutch gear sleeve is also provided with a one-way spiral groove, one end of the one-way spiral groove is connected with the engagement limit groove, and the other end is connected with the separation limit Bit slot connection,
  • the clutch also includes a clutch drive assembly with a fixed position, the clutch drive assembly is arranged in a shaft shape, and one end of the clutch drive assembly is inserted into the one-way spiral groove through the clutch housing.
  • the motor drives the clutch gear sleeve to rotate through the worm gear box, and the clutch drive assembly is inserted into the one-way spiral groove to drive the clutch gear sleeve to advance along the clutch gear sleeve axis so that the clutch gear sleeve and the transmission
  • the gear sleeves are snapped together, so that the transmission gear sleeve can be driven to rotate, and the transmission gear sleeve can drive the winch shaft to rotate. Since the clutch gear bushing and the transmission gear bushing adopt a clamping method, the plane contact transmission, and the wear is very small. Not only greatly prolongs the service life of the clutch, but also makes the electric winch more reliable when working.
  • the side of the transmission gear sleeve facing the clutch gear sleeve is provided with at least three second locking teeth, each of the second locking teeth is arranged around the axis of the transmission gear sleeve, and two adjacent second locking teeth are provided There is a second card slot;
  • the side of the clutch gear sleeve facing the drive gear shaft groove is provided with at least three first snap teeth, each of the first snap teeth is arranged around the axis of the clutch gear sleeve, and a first snap tooth is provided between two adjacent first snap teeth. Card slot.
  • the side surfaces of the first and second clamping teeth facing each other are set as a slope surface, and the slope surface of the first clamping tooth increases from a high direction along the clutch gear sleeve when the clutch gear sleeve is engaged with the transmission gear sleeve.
  • the slope surface of the second tooth is arranged in the opposite direction of the slope surface of the first tooth.
  • the surfaces of the first and second clamping teeth are set as slope surfaces, when the transmission gear sleeve and the clutch gear sleeve are rotated and separated, the transmission gear sleeve and the clutch gear sleeve are Rotating along the slope surface to disengage, disengagement is more reliable and faster.
  • a lead ring is fixed in the clutch housing, the clutch gear sleeve is located in the lead ring, the outer wall of the clutch gear sleeve is attached to the inner wall of the lead ring, and the lead ring is provided with A drive hole pointing to the axis of the clutch gear sleeve, the clutch drive assembly passes through the drive hole and is locked into a one-way spiral groove.
  • the lead ring has a guiding and supporting effect on the front and rear displacement of the clutch gear sleeve, and on the other hand, it also has a supporting effect on the clutch drive assembly, making the clutch drive assembly work more stable.
  • a first bearing seat is provided in the clutch housing, a first positioning bearing is provided in the first bearing seat, the transmission gear sleeve is fixedly connected to the first bearing seat through a bearing, and the first bearing seat is A skeleton oil seal is provided, and the skeleton oil seal is located at one end of the first bearing seat facing away from the clutch gear sleeve.
  • the skeleton oil seal prevents dust from entering the housing and the positioning bearing, prolongs the service life of the bearing, and enhances the stability of the clutch.
  • the clutch drive assembly includes a guide pin inserted into a one-way spiral groove, a compression spring, and a compression screw, the compression spring is located between the compression screw and the guide pin, and one end of the compression screw is connected to the compression The spring conflicts, and the other end leaves a gap with the inner wall of the clutch housing.
  • the outer ring surface of the lead ring is provided with a waist-shaped groove, the groove is arranged along the lead ring in the axial direction, and the clutch housing is provided with a through hole communicating with the groove, so A lead screw is penetrated between the groove and the through hole.
  • the arrangement of the groove facilitates the movement distance required by the lead ring when the clutch drive assembly is turned from the engagement limit groove into the one-way spiral groove.
  • the one-way damper includes a damping housing fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the U-shaped frame, and the damping housing is provided with a fixed connection to the winch shaft.
  • the damping disk is provided with four evenly arranged damping grooves on the edge of the damping disk.
  • the damping grooves include a first bottom surface and a first sliding surface, and the first bottom surface and the first sliding surface are clamped The angle is between 90 and 100 degrees.
  • the damping groove is provided with a wedge-shaped damping block.
  • the damping block includes a second bottom surface opposite to the first bottom surface, a second sliding surface opposite to the first sliding surface, and
  • a compression spring is arranged in between, and the damping block gradually changes from large to small along the rotation direction of the winch shaft when the electric winch works.
  • the motor drives the clutch gear sleeve to rotate through the worm gear box.
  • the clutch gear sleeve is driven by the clutch drive assembly, and the clutch gear sleeve is separated from the transmission gear sleeve, and the winch shaft
  • the rotation is accelerated, and the damping surface of the damping block conflicts with the inner wall of the damping shell, reducing the rotation speed of the winch shaft and preventing the falling anchor from being too fast, causing the winch wheel to reverse and the cable to be twisted.
  • both the first bottom surface and the second bottom surface are provided with shaft holes, the two shaft holes are arranged coaxially, and both ends of the compression spring are respectively inserted into the corresponding shaft holes.
  • the two ends of the compression spring are restricted in the two shaft holes to prevent the position of the compression spring from shifting when the damper disk rotates.
  • a second bearing seat is provided on the damping housing, a second positioning bearing is provided in the second bearing seat, and the inner ring of the second positioning bearing is fixedly connected to the winch shaft.
  • the second bearing supports the winch shaft and maintains the stability of the winch shaft during rotation.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the clutch adopts an assembled structure, which is convenient to assemble and can greatly improve assembly efficiency
  • the one-way damper prevents the falling anchor from being too fast, causing the winch wheel to reverse and the rope to be entangled.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electric winch in the background art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clutch in the background art
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the position of the clutch on the electric winch in an embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the position of the one-way damper on the electric winch in an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment used to embody the clutch
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment used to embody the skeleton oil seal in the clutch
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of part A of Figure 4 in the embodiment.
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the one-way damper in the embodiment.
  • the clutch 6, the clutch housing; 61, the flange; 62, The first bearing seat; 63, the first positioning bearing; 64, the retaining ring for the first hole; 65, the skeleton oil seal; 7, the transmission gear bushing; 71, the second clamping tooth; 72, the second clamping groove; 8.
  • An electric winch as shown in Figures 3 and 4, includes a U-shaped frame 1, a winch wheel 2 is provided on the U-shaped frame 1, and one end of the winch wheel 2 is provided with a motor 31 that drives the winch wheel 2 to rotate.
  • a worm gear box 32 is arranged between the winch wheel 2 and the worm gear box 32, a clutch 5 is also arranged between the worm gear box 32 and the U-shaped frame 1, and a one-way damper 4 is arranged at the end of the winch wheel 2 facing away from the motor 31.
  • the winch wheel 2 includes a winch shaft 22 rotatably arranged on the U-shaped frame 1 and baffles 21 arranged on both ends of the winch shaft 22.
  • the clutch 5 includes a cylindrically arranged clutch housing 6.
  • the clutch housing 6 is provided with a transmission gear sleeve 7, a clutch gear sleeve 8 matched with the transmission gear sleeve 7, and a clutch drive assembly 9.
  • the transmission gear sleeve 7 and the clutch gear sleeve 8 are arranged coaxially, and the transmission gear sleeve 7 and the clutch gear sleeve 8 are both rotatably arranged in the clutch housing 6.
  • the clutch gear sleeve 8 is rotated by the worm gear box 32 (see Fig. 3), the transmission gear sleeve 7 is connected with the required winch shaft 22 (see Fig. 3), and the clutch gear sleeve 8 is engaged to drive the transmission gear sleeve 7 to rotate.
  • Both the clutch gear sleeve 8 and the transmission gear sleeve 7 are provided with a keyway 10, which enables the clutch gear sleeve 8 and the output shaft of the worm gear box 32 (see Figure 3), as well as the transmission gear sleeve 7 and the winch shaft 22 ( See Figure 3) for key connection.
  • One end of the clutch housing 6 facing away from the clutch gear sleeve 8 is provided with a flange 61 which is used for installation.
  • the side of the transmission gear bushing 7 facing the clutch gear bushing 8 is provided with four second clamping teeth 71.
  • the four second clamping teeth 71 are evenly arranged around the axis of the transmission gear bushing 7, and there are two adjacent second clamping teeth.
  • a second card slot 72 is provided between 71.
  • the side of the clutch gear sleeve 8 facing the transmission gear sleeve 7 is provided with four first locking teeth 81, the four first locking teeth 81 are evenly arranged around the axis of the clutch gear sleeve 8, and there are two adjacent first locking teeth.
  • a first slot 82 is provided between 81.
  • first clamping tooth 81 When in use, the first clamping tooth 81 is clamped into the second clamping slot 72, and the second clamping tooth 71 is clamped into the first clamping slot 82, thereby clamping the clutch gear sleeve 8 and the transmission gear sleeve 7 together.
  • the opposite side surfaces of the first clamping tooth 81 and the second clamping tooth 71 are set as a slope surface.
  • the slope surface of the first clamping tooth 81 is along the clutch gear sleeve 8 and the transmission gear sleeve 7 when the clutch gear sleeve 8 rotates from Setting from high to low, the slope surface of the second clamping tooth 71 is arranged in the opposite direction of the slope surface of the first clamping tooth 81.
  • the transmission gear shaft sleeve 7 and the clutch gear shaft sleeve 8 are rotated and separated along the slope surface, which is more convenient.
  • the clutch gear sleeve 8 is provided with an annular engagement limit groove 83 at one end close to the transmission gear sleeve 7 and an annular separation limit groove 84 is provided on the clutch gear sleeve 8 at one end away from the transmission gear sleeve 7 to engage the limit groove Both 83 and the separation limit slot 84 are coaxially arranged with the clutch gear sleeve 8.
  • the clutch gear sleeve 8 is also provided with a one-way spiral groove 85, one end of the one-way spiral groove 85 is communicated with the engagement limit groove 83, and the other end is communicated with the separation limit groove 84.
  • the clutch drive assembly 9 is arranged in a shaft shape. When the clutch gear sleeve 8 rotates, the clutch drive assembly 9 is locked into the one-way spiral groove 85, so that the clutch gear sleeve 8 moves in the direction of the transmission gear sleeve 7 along its axis. , So as to snap the two together.
  • a lead ring 110 is fixed in the clutch housing 6, the clutch gear sleeve 8 is located in the lead ring 110, and the lead ring 110 and the clutch gear sleeve 8 are coaxially arranged.
  • the lead ring 110 is provided with a drive hole 111 pointing to the axis of the clutch gear sleeve 8, and the clutch drive assembly 9 is inserted into the one-way spiral groove 85 through the clutch housing 6 and the drive hole 111 in sequence.
  • the lead ring 110 has a guiding and supporting effect on the front and rear displacement of the clutch gear sleeve 8.
  • the clutch drive assembly 9 includes a guide pin 91 inserted into a one-way spiral groove 85, a compression spring 92, and a compression screw 93.
  • the compression spring 92 is located between the compression screw 93 and the guide pin 91.
  • the spring 92 resists, leaving a gap between the other end and the inner wall of the clutch housing 6.
  • the compression spring 92 applies pressure to the guide pin 91 to facilitate the up and down movement of the guide pin 91.
  • the outer ring surface of the lead ring 110 is provided with a waist-shaped groove 112 which is arranged along the lead ring 110 in the axial direction.
  • the clutch housing 6 is provided with a through hole communicating with the groove 112.
  • a lead screw 94 is inserted between the through holes. The arrangement of the groove 112 facilitates the movement distance required by the lead ring 110 when the clutch driving assembly 9 is turned from the engagement limit groove 83 into the one-way spiral groove 85.
  • the clutch housing 6 is provided with a first bearing seat 62, the first bearing seat 62 is provided with a first positioning bearing 63, and both sides of the first positioning bearing 63 are provided to fix the first positioning bearing 63 to the first bearing seat 62
  • the inner first hole uses a retaining ring 64, and the inner ring of the transmission gear sleeve 7 is fixedly connected to the first bearing seat 62.
  • a skeleton oil seal 65 is provided in the first bearing seat 62, and the skeleton oil seal 65 is located at an end of the first bearing seat 62 facing away from the clutch gear sleeve 8.
  • the one-way damper 4 includes a damping housing 41 fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the U-shaped frame 1, and a damping disk fixedly connected to the winch shaft 22 (see Figure 3) is provided in the damping housing 41. 42, the damping disk 42 and the winch shaft 22 (see Figure 3) are connected by a key fit.
  • the damping grooves 43 include a first bottom surface 431 and a first sliding surface 432.
  • the included angle between the first sliding surface 432 and the first bottom surface 431 is between Between 90 and 100 degrees.
  • a wedge-shaped damping block 44 is provided in the damping groove 43.
  • the damping block 44 includes a second bottom surface 441 opposite to the first bottom surface 431, a second sliding surface 442 opposite to the first sliding surface 432, and opposite to the inner wall of the damping housing 41
  • the radius of curvature of the damping surface 443 is the same as the radius of curvature of the damping disk 42.
  • the damping block 44 gradually changes from large to small in the direction in which the winch shaft 22 (see FIG. 3) rotates when the electric winch works.
  • a gap is left between the first bottom surface 431 and the second bottom surface 441, and a compression spring 410 is provided between the first bottom surface 431 and the second bottom surface 441, and the first bottom surface 431 and the second bottom surface 441 are both provided with a shaft hole 45
  • the two shaft holes 45 on the first bottom surface 431 and the second bottom surface 441 are coaxially arranged, and the two ends of the compression spring 410 are respectively inserted into the corresponding shaft holes 45.
  • the damping housing 41 is provided with a second bearing seat 46, and a second positioning bearing 47 is provided in the second bearing seat 46.
  • the inner ring of the second positioning bearing 47 is fixedly connected to the winch shaft 22 (see Figure 3).
  • the second bearing seat A retaining ring 48 for the second hole is also provided in 46.
  • a protective shell 49 is provided on the damping housing 41 to prevent dust from entering the second positioning bearing 47.
  • the clutch gear sleeve 8 is transitionally connected with the output shaft of the worm gear box 32, the motor 31 drives the clutch gear sleeve 8 to rotate through the worm gear box 32, the clutch gear sleeve 8 rotates accordingly, and the guide pin 912 is in a one-way spiral
  • the movement in the groove 85 prompts the clutch gear sleeve 8 to move to the left.
  • the clutch gear sleeve 8 and the transmission gear sleeve 7 are engaged together to drive the transmission gear sleeve 7 to rotate, and together drive the winch connected with the transmission gear sleeve 7
  • the shaft 22 rotates.
  • the damping block 44 overcomes the elastic force of the compression spring 410 and moves toward the first bottom surface 431.
  • the damping surface 443 of the damping block 44 and the damping housing 41 produce a small resistance, which hardly affects the normal operation of the winch;
  • the one-way damper 4 works, and the wedge-shaped damping block 44 is in contact with the damping surface 443 under the action of the compression spring 410
  • the damping surface 443 of the clutch housing 6 cooperates with friction to produce a damping effect, preventing the falling anchor from being too fast, causing the winch wheel 2 to reverse and the cable to be entangled.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种电动绞盘，属于绞盘的技术领域，旨在提供一种使用寿命长、可靠性强的电动绞盘，其技术方案要点是包括U形架，所述U形架上设有绞盘轮，所述绞盘包括与U形架转动连接的绞盘轴，绞盘轴上设有两块挡板，所述绞盘轴一端伸出U形架由电机驱动，所述电机与绞盘轴之间设有蜗轮箱，所述蜗轮箱与绞盘轴之间还设有离合器，所述离合器包括固设在U形架外侧壁的离合壳体，所述离合壳体内转动设有传动齿轴套和与传动齿轴套配合的离合齿轴套，所述蜗轮箱输出轴上设有插入键槽的连接键。通过传动齿轴套和离合齿轴套采用卡合方式的设置，能够起到延长离合器使用寿命和增强离合器工作可靠性的效果。

Description

一种电动绞盘 技术领域
本发明涉及绞盘的技术领域，特别涉及一种电动绞盘。
背景技术
离合器类似于开关，接合或断离动力传递作用，离合器机构其主动部分与从动部分可以暂时分离，又可以逐渐接合，并且在传动过程中还要有可能相对转动。
如图1和2所示，大多数离合器均采用摩擦夹紧方式实现，例如目前的一种电动绞盘离合器该电动绞盘包括支架200，支架200上转动架设有动力轴206，动力轴206一端通过驱动电机201驱动，驱动电机201固设在支架200上，动力轴206上转动套设有绞盘202，动力轴206上套设有两个摩擦片203，两个摩擦片203分别位于绞盘202的两侧，朝向驱动电机201一侧的摩擦片203与支架200之间设有制动盘204，制动盘204与动力轴206固接，远离驱动电机201一侧的摩擦片203与支架200之间设有离合器300，离合器300与支架200螺纹连接，支架200上设有与离合器300配合的卡块205，卡块205上设有楔形槽。
离合器300包括离合器盘体100和沿离合器盘体100径向设置的销子303，离合器盘体100上设有围绕其圆心设置的环形空腔102，环形空腔102内外两侧分别设有内环103和外环104，离合器盘体100中心处设有内螺纹通孔101，内环103上设有径向设置用于放置销子303的沉孔301，外环104上对应于沉孔301的位置设有贯穿孔302， 销子303底端插入沉孔301中，且可在沉孔301伸缩，销子303顶端穿出贯穿孔302，销子303上套设有复位簧305，复位簧305位于环形空腔102内，销子303上穿设有开口销304，开口销304防止销子303脱离贯穿孔302。
当电动绞盘起锚时，驱动电机201驱动动力轴206转动，动力轴206带动离合器300转动，离合器300上的销子303抵触到挡块时，会导致离合器300的速度相对动力轴206产生速度差，这样离合器300便在动力轴206上沿朝向绞盘202方向运动，直至离合器300驱使摩擦片203挤压绞盘202，这样绞盘202两侧的摩擦片203共同挤压绞盘202，并由制动盘204和离合器300共同带动转动实现起锚。
目前大多数离合器300均采用上述方式，通过离合器300与摩擦片203抵紧，两块摩擦片203再与绞盘202抵紧，但是在长期使用过程中，摩擦片203表面会产生磨损，直至摩擦片203表面被磨平，这样摩擦片203就失去了功能，导致离合器300失去功能，减损了摩擦片203的使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种电动绞盘，具有使用寿命长的优点。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：
一种电动绞盘，包括U形架，所述U形架上设有绞盘轮，所述绞盘包括与U形架转动连接的绞盘轴，绞盘轴上设有两块挡板，所述绞盘轴一端伸出U形架由电机驱动，所述电机与绞盘轴之间设有蜗轮箱，所述蜗轮箱与绞盘轴之间还设有离合器，所述离合器包括固设在U形 架外侧壁的离合壳体，所述离合壳体内转动设有传动齿轴套和与传动齿轴套配合的离合齿轴套，所述传动齿轴套与绞盘轴固定连接，所述离合齿轴套内壁设有轴向设置的键槽，所述蜗轮箱输出轴上设有插入键槽的连接键，
所述离合齿轴套朝向传动齿轴套的侧面设有至少一个第一卡齿，所述传动齿轴套朝向离合齿轴套的侧面设有与第一卡齿配合的第二卡槽，
所述离合齿轴套上靠近传动齿轴套一端设有环形卡合限位槽，所述离合齿轴套上远离传动齿轴套一端设有环形分离限位槽，所述卡合限位槽和分离限位槽均与离合齿轴套同轴设置，所述离合齿轴套上还设有单向螺旋槽，所述单向螺旋槽一端与卡合限位槽连通，另一端与分离限位槽连通，
离合器还包括位置固定的离合驱动组件，所述离合驱动组件呈轴状设置，所述离合驱动组件的一端穿过离合壳体插入单向螺旋槽内。
通过采用上述技术方案，使用时，电机通过蜗轮箱驱动离合齿轴套转动，离合驱动组件插入单向螺旋槽内从而驱动离合齿轴套沿离合齿轴套轴线前进从而使得离合齿轴套与传动齿轴套卡合在一起，这样便可带动传动齿轴套转动，传动齿轴套带动绞盘轴转动。由于离合齿轴套与传动齿轴套采用卡合的方式，平面接触传动，磨损极小。不仅极大地延长了离合器的使用寿命，而且使得电动绞盘工作时更加可靠。
进一步的，所述传动齿轴套朝向离合齿轴套的侧面设有至少三个第二卡齿，各个第二卡齿环绕传动齿轴套轴线设置，相邻两个第二卡 齿之间设有第二卡槽；
所述离合齿轴套朝向传动齿轴槽的侧面设有至少三个第一卡齿，各个第一卡齿环绕离合齿轴套轴线设置，相邻两个第一卡齿之间设有第一卡槽。
通过采用上述技术方案，采用多个卡齿和卡槽配合，使得离合齿轴套与传动齿轴套连接更加稳定，工作稳定性也更高。
进一步的，所述第一卡齿和第二卡齿相向的侧面设置成斜坡面，第一卡齿的斜坡面沿离合齿轴套与传动齿轴套卡合时离合齿轴套转动方向由高到低设置，第二卡齿的斜坡面沿第一卡齿的斜坡面的相反方向设置。
通过采用上述技术方案，由于将第一卡齿和第二卡齿的表面设置成了斜坡面，这样当传动齿轴套与离合齿轴套转动脱离时，使得传动齿轴套与离合齿轴套沿斜坡面转动脱离，脱离更加可靠快速。
进一步的，所述离合壳体内固设有导程环，所述离合齿轴套位于导程环内，所述离合齿轴套外壁与导程环内壁贴合，所述导程环内设有指向离合齿轴套轴线的驱动孔，所述离合驱动组件穿过驱动孔卡入单向螺旋槽。
通过采用上述技术方案，导程环一方面对离合齿轴套的前后位移具有导向和支撑作用，另一方面对离合驱动组件也具有支撑作用，使得离合驱动组件工作时更加稳定。
进一步的，所述离合壳体内设有第一轴承座，第一轴承座内设有第一定位轴承，所述传动齿轴套通过轴承与第一轴承座固定连接，所 述第一轴承座内设有骨架油封，所述骨架油封位于第一轴承座背向离合齿轴套一端。
通过采用上述技术方案，骨架油封避免灰尘进入壳体和定位轴承内，延长轴承的使用寿命，增强离合器工作的稳定性。
进一步的，所述离合驱动组件包括插入单向螺旋槽的导向销、压紧簧、压紧螺钉，所述压紧簧位于压紧螺钉与导向销之间，所述压紧螺钉一端与压紧簧抵触，另一端与离合壳体内壁留有间隙。
通过采用上述技术方案，由于卡合限位槽的深度比单向螺旋槽的深度浅，这样设置是为了在驱动齿轴套和离合齿轴套分离时，导向销更加容易由卡合限位槽转入单向螺旋槽内，压紧簧对导向销施与压力，便于导向销上下运动。
进一步的，所述导程环外圈表面上开设有腰型凹槽，所述凹槽沿导程环沿轴向方向设置，所述离合壳体上开设有与凹槽连通的通孔，所述凹槽与通孔之间穿设有导程螺钉。
通过采用上述技术方案，凹槽的设置便于离合驱动组件在由卡合限位槽转入单向螺旋槽时，导程环所需的运动距离。
进一步的，所述绞盘轴背向离合器一端设有单向阻尼器，所述单向阻尼器包括与U形架外侧壁固定连接的阻尼壳体，所述阻尼壳体内设有与绞盘轴固定连接的阻尼盘，所述阻尼盘边缘上环设有四个均匀排布的阻尼槽，所述阻尼槽包括第一底面和第一滑移面，所述第一底面与第一滑移面的夹角介于90～100度，所述阻尼槽内设有楔形阻尼块，所述阻尼块包括与第一底面相对的第二底面、与第一滑移面相对 的第二滑移面，与阻尼壳体内壁相对的弧形阻尼面，所述阻尼面的曲率半径与阻尼盘的曲率半径相同，所述第一底面与第二底面之间留有空隙，且在第一底面与第二底面之间设有压簧，所述阻尼块沿电动绞盘工作时绞盘轴转动的方向逐渐由大变小。
通过采用上述技术方案，当需要电动绞盘放绳时，电机通过蜗轮箱驱动离合齿轴套转动，离合齿轴套在离合驱动组件的驱动下，离合齿轴套与传动齿轴套脱离，绞盘轴在锚的重力作用下加速转动，阻尼块的阻尼面与阻尼壳内壁抵触，减小绞盘轴的转动速度，防止下落的锚速度过快，导致绞盘轮出现反转，缆绳产生缠绕。
进一步的，所述第一底面和第二底面内均设有轴孔，两个轴孔同轴设置，所述压簧的两端分别插入相应的轴孔内。
通过采用上述技术方案，压簧两端限制在两个轴孔内，防止阻尼盘在转动时压簧位置偏移。
进一步的，所述阻尼壳体上设有第二轴承座，所述第二轴承座内设有第二定位轴承，所述第二定位轴承内圈与绞盘轴固定连接。
通过采用上述技术方案，第二轴承对绞盘轴形成支撑，保持绞盘轴转动时的稳定性。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1.通过传动齿轴套和离合齿轴套采用卡合方式的设置，能够起到延长离合器使用寿命和增强离合器工作可靠性的效果；
2.该离合器采用装配式结构，装配方便，可极大地提高装配效率；
3.高扭力传动，啮合可靠；
4.单向阻尼器防止下落的锚速度过快，导致绞盘轮出现反转，缆绳产生缠绕。
附图说明
图1是背景技术中电动绞盘的结构示意图；
图2是背景技术中离合器的结构示意图；
图3是实施例中用于体现电动绞盘上离合器的位置的示意图；
图4是实施例中用于体现电动绞盘上单向阻尼器的位置的示意图；
图5是实施例中用于体现离合器的示意图；
图6是实施例中用于体现离合器中骨架油封的示意图；
图7是实施例中图4的A部分放大图；
图8是实施例中单向阻尼器的剖视图。
图中，1、U形架；2、绞盘轮；21、挡板；22、绞盘轴；31、电机；32、蜗轮箱；4、单向阻尼器；41、阻尼壳体；42、阻尼盘；43、阻尼槽；431、第一底面；432、第一滑移面；44、阻尼块；441、第二底面；442、第二滑移面；443、阻尼面；45、轴孔；46、第二轴承座；47、第二定位轴承；48、第二孔用挡圈；49、保护壳；410、压簧；5、离合器；6、离合壳体；61、法兰盘；62、第一轴承座；63、第一定位轴承；64、第一孔用挡圈；65、骨架油封；7、传动齿轴套；71、第二卡齿；72、第二卡槽；8、离合齿轴套；81、第一卡齿；82、第一卡槽；83、卡合限位槽；84、分离限位槽；85、单向螺旋槽；9、离合驱动组件；91、导向销；92、压紧簧；93、压紧螺钉；94、导程 螺钉；10、键槽；110、导程环；111、驱动孔；112、凹槽；100、离合器盘体；101、内螺纹通孔；102、环形空腔；103、内环；104、外环；200、支架；201、电机；202、绞盘；203、摩擦片；204、制动盘；205、卡块；206、动力轴；300、离合器；301、沉孔；302、贯穿孔；303、销子；304、开口销；305、复位簧。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例：一种电动绞盘，如图3和4所示，包括U形架1，U形架1上设有绞盘轮2，绞盘轮2一端设有驱动绞盘轮2均转动的电机31，电机31与绞盘轮2之间设有蜗轮箱32，蜗轮箱32与U形架1之间还设有离合器5，绞盘轮2背向电机31一端设有单向阻尼器4。
绞盘轮2包括转动设置在U形架1的绞盘轴22和设置在绞盘轴22两端的挡板21。
如图5和6所示，离合器5包括筒状设置的离合壳体6，离合壳体6内设有传动齿轴套7、与传动齿轴套7配合的离合齿轴套8和离合驱动组件9，传动齿轴套7与离合齿轴套8同轴设置，传动齿轴套7和离合齿轴套8均转动设置在离合壳体6内。离合齿轴套8由蜗轮箱32(见图3)转动，传动齿轴套7与需要绞盘轴22(见图3)连接，离合齿轴套8卡合后从而带动传动齿轴套7转动。
离合齿轴套8和传动齿轴套7内均设有键槽10，键槽10使离合齿轴套8与蜗轮箱32(见图3)的输出轴，以及传动齿轴套7与绞盘轴22(见图3)进行键连接。
离合壳体6背向离合齿轴套8一端设有法兰盘61，法兰盘61用于安装。
传动齿轴套7朝向离合齿轴套8的侧面设有四个第二卡齿71，四个第二卡齿71环绕传动齿轴套7轴线均匀排布设置，相邻两个第二卡齿71之间设有第二卡槽72。
离合齿轴套8朝向传动齿轴套7的侧面设有四个第一卡齿81，四个第一卡齿81环绕离合齿轴套8轴线均匀排布设置，相邻两个第一卡齿81之间设有第一卡槽82。
使用时，第一卡齿81卡入第二卡槽72内，第二卡齿71卡入第一卡槽82内，从而将离合齿轴套8与传动齿轴套7卡合在一起。
第一卡齿81和第二卡齿71相向的侧面设置成斜坡面，第一卡齿81的斜坡面沿离合齿轴套8与传动齿轴套7卡合时离合齿轴套8转动方向由高到低设置，第二卡齿71的斜坡面沿第一卡齿81的斜坡面的相反方向设置。传动齿轴套7与离合齿轴套8沿斜坡面转动脱离，更加方便。
离合齿轴套8上靠近传动齿轴套7一端设有环形卡合限位槽83，离合齿轴套8上远离传动齿轴套7一端设有环形分离限位槽84，卡合限位槽83和分离限位槽84均与离合齿轴套8同轴设置。离合齿轴套8上还设有单向螺旋槽85，单向螺旋槽85一端与卡合限位槽83连通，另一端与分离限位槽84连通。
离合驱动组件9呈轴状设置，当离合齿轴套8转动时，离合驱动组件9卡入单向螺旋槽85内，从而使得离合齿轴套8沿其轴线方向 向传动齿轴套7方向运动，从而将两者卡合在一起。
离合壳体6内固设有导程环110，离合齿轴套8位于导程环110内，且导程环110与离合齿轴套8同轴设置。导程环110内设有指向离合齿轴套8轴线的驱动孔111，离合驱动组件9依次穿过离合壳体6和驱动孔111插入单向螺旋槽85。导程环110对离合齿轴套8的前后位移具有导向和支撑作用。
离合驱动组件9包括插入单向螺旋槽85的导向销91、压紧簧92、压紧螺钉93，压紧簧92位于压紧螺钉93与导向销91之间，压紧螺钉93一端与压紧簧92抵触，另一端与离合壳体6内壁留有间隙。
由于卡合限位槽83的深度比单向螺旋槽85的深度浅，这样设置是为了在传动齿轴套7和离合齿轴套8分离时，导向销91更加容易由卡合限位槽83转入单向螺旋槽85内，压紧簧92对导向销91施与压力，便于导向销91上下运动。
导程环110外圈表面上开设有腰型凹槽112，凹槽112沿导程环110沿轴向方向设置，离合壳体6上开设有与凹槽112连通的通孔，凹槽112与通孔之间穿设有导程螺钉94。凹槽112的设置便于离合驱动组件9在由卡合限位槽83转入单向螺旋槽85时，导程环110所需的运动距离。
离合壳体6内设有第一轴承座62，第一轴承座62内设有第一定位轴承63，第一定位轴承63两侧均设有将第一定位轴承63固定在第一轴承座62内的第一孔用挡圈64，传动齿轴套7内圈与第一轴承座62固定连接。第一轴承座62内设有骨架油封65，骨架油封65位 于第一轴承座62背向离合齿轴套8一端。
如图7和8所示，单向阻尼器4包括与U形架1外侧壁固定连接的阻尼壳体41，阻尼壳体41内设有与绞盘轴22(见图3)固定连接的阻尼盘42，阻尼盘42与绞盘轴22(见图3)通过键配合连接。
阻尼盘42边缘上环设有四个均匀排布的阻尼槽43，阻尼槽43包括第一底面431和第一滑移面432，第一滑移面432与第一底面431的夹角介于90～100度之间。阻尼槽43内设有楔形阻尼块44，阻尼块44包括与第一底面431相对的第二底面441、与第一滑移面432相对的第二滑移面442、与阻尼壳体41内壁相对的弧形阻尼面443，阻尼面443的曲率半径与阻尼盘42的曲率半径相同，阻尼块44沿电动绞盘工作时绞盘轴22(见图3)转动的方向逐渐由大变小。
第一底面431与第二底面441之间留有空隙，且在第一底面431与第二底面441之间设有压簧410，第一底面431和第二底面441内均设有轴孔45，第一底面431和第二底面441上的两个轴孔45同轴设置，压簧410的两端分别插入相应的轴孔45内。
阻尼壳体41上设有第二轴承座46，第二轴承座46内设有第二定位轴承47，第二定位轴承47内圈与绞盘轴22(见图3)固定连接，第二轴承座46内还设有第二孔用挡圈48。
阻尼壳体41上设有保护壳49，防止灰尘进入第二定位轴承47内。
具体实施过程：离合齿轴套8与蜗轮箱32的输出轴过渡配合连接，电机31通过蜗轮箱32驱动离合齿轴套8转动，离合齿轴套8随 之旋转，导向销912在单向螺旋槽85内运动，促使离合齿轴套8向左运动，离合齿轴套8与传动齿轴套7卡合在一起，带动传动齿轴套7旋转，一同驱动与传动齿轴套7连接的绞盘轴22转动，此时阻尼块44克服压簧410的弹力朝向第一底面431方向运动，阻尼块44的阻尼面443与阻尼壳体41产生较小的阻力，几乎不影响绞盘的正常工作；
当蜗轮箱32输出轴逆时针旋转时，合齿轴套与传动齿轴套7分离，此时，导程环110先向右运行，确保导向销912进入单向螺旋槽85内运动，促使离合齿轴套8进一步脱离直至与传动齿轴套7分离，促使离合齿轴套8进一步脱离直至分离，此时单向阻尼器4工作，楔形阻尼块44在压簧410的作用下阻尼面443与离合壳体6阻尼面443配合摩擦，产生阻尼效果，防止下落的锚速度过快，导致绞盘轮2出现反转，缆绳产生缠绕。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电动绞盘，包括U形架(1)，所述U形架(1)上设有绞盘轮(2)，所述绞盘包括与U形架(1)转动连接的绞盘轴(22)，绞盘轴(22)上设有两块挡板(21)，所述绞盘轴(22)一端伸出U形架(1)由电机(31)驱动，所述电机(31)与绞盘轴(22)之间设有蜗轮箱(32)，所述蜗轮箱(32)与绞盘轴(22)之间还设有离合器(5)，其特征在于：所述离合器(5)包括固设在U形架(1)外侧壁的离合壳体(6)，所述离合壳体(6)内转动设有传动齿轴套(7)和与传动齿轴套(7)配合的离合齿轴套(8)，所述传动齿轴套(7)与绞盘轴(22)固定连接，所述离合齿轴套(8)内壁设有轴向设置的键槽(10)，所述蜗轮箱(32)的输出轴上设有插入键槽(10)的连接键，
    所述离合齿轴套(8)朝向传动齿轴套(7)的侧面设有至少一个第一卡齿(81)，所述传动齿轴套(7)朝向离合齿轴套(8)的侧面设有与第一卡齿(81)配合的第二卡槽(72)，
    所述离合齿轴套(8)上靠近传动齿轴套(7)一端设有环形卡合限位槽(83)，所述离合齿轴套(8)上远离传动齿轴套(7)一端设有环形分离限位槽(84)，所述卡合限位槽(83)和分离限位槽(84)均与离合齿轴套(8)同轴设置，所述离合齿轴套(8)上还设有单向螺旋槽(85)，所述单向螺旋槽(85)一端与卡合限位槽(83)连通，另一端与分离限位槽(84)连通，
    离合器(5)还包括位置固定的离合驱动组件(9)，所述离合驱动组件(9)呈轴状设置，所述离合驱动组件(9)的一端穿过离合壳 体(6)插入单向螺旋槽(85)内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电动绞盘，其特征在于：所述传动齿轴套(7)朝向离合齿轴套(8)的侧面设有至少三个第二卡齿(71)，各个第二卡齿(71)环绕传动齿轴套(7)轴线设置，相邻两个第二卡齿(71)之间设有第二卡槽(72)；
    所述离合齿轴套(8)朝向传动齿轴槽的侧面设有至少三个第一卡齿(81)，各个第一卡齿(81)环绕离合齿轴套(8)轴线设置，相邻两个第一卡齿(81)之间设有第一卡槽(82)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种电动绞盘，其特征在于：所述第一卡齿(81)和第二卡齿(71)相向的侧面设置成斜坡面，第一卡齿(81)的斜坡面沿离合齿轴套(8)与传动齿轴套(7)卡合时离合齿轴套(8)转动方向由高到低设置，第二卡齿(71)的斜坡面沿第一卡齿(81)的斜坡面的相反方向设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电动绞盘，其特征在于：所述离合壳体(6)内固设有导程环(110)，所述离合齿轴套(8)位于导程环(110)内，所述离合齿轴套(8)外壁与导程环(110)内壁贴合，所述导程环(110)内设有指向离合齿轴套(8)轴线的驱动孔(111)，所述离合驱动组件(9)穿过驱动孔(111)卡入单向螺旋槽(85)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种电动绞盘，其特征在于：所述离合壳体(6)内设有第一轴承座(62)，第一轴承座(62)内设有第一定位轴承(63)，所述传动齿轴套(7)通过轴承与第一轴承座(62)固定连接，所述第一轴承座(62)内设有骨架油封(65)，所述骨架油 封(65)位于第一轴承座(62)背向离合齿轴套(8)一端。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种电动绞盘，其特征在于：所述离合驱动组件(9)包括插入单向螺旋槽(85)的导向销(91)、压紧簧(92)、压紧螺钉(93)，所述压紧簧(92)位于压紧螺钉(93)与导向销(91)之间，所述压紧螺钉(93)一端与压紧簧(92)抵触，另一端与离合壳体(6)内壁留有间隙。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种电动绞盘，其特征在于：所述导程环(110)外圈表面上开设有腰型凹槽(112)，所述凹槽(112)沿导程环(110)沿轴向方向设置，所述离合壳体(6)上开设有与凹槽(112)连通的通孔，所述凹槽(112)与通孔之间穿设有导程螺钉(94)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电动绞盘，其特征在于：所述绞盘轴(22)背向离合器(5)一端设有单向阻尼器(4)，所述单向阻尼器(4)包括与U形架(1)外侧壁固定连接的阻尼壳体(41)，所述阻尼壳体(41)内设有与绞盘轴(22)固定连接的阻尼盘(42)，所述阻尼盘(42)边缘上环设有四个均匀排布的阻尼槽(43)，所述阻尼槽(43)包括第一底面(431)和第一滑移面(432)，所述第一底面(431)与第一滑移面(432)的夹角介于90～100度，所述阻尼槽(43)内设有楔形阻尼块(44)，所述阻尼块(44)包括与第一底面(431)相对的第二底面(441)、与第一滑移面(432)相对的第二滑移面(442)，与阻尼壳体(41)内壁相对的弧形阻尼面(443)，所述阻尼面(443)的曲率半径与阻尼盘(42)的曲率半径相同，所述第一底面(431)与第二底面(441)之间留有空隙，且在第一底面(431) 与第二底面(441)之间设有压簧(410)，所述阻尼块(44)沿电动绞盘工作时绞盘轴(22)转动的方向逐渐由大变小。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种电动绞盘，其特征在于：所述第一底面(431)和第二底面(441)内均设有轴孔(45)，两个轴孔(45)同轴设置，所述压簧(410)的两端分别插入相应的轴孔(45)内。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种电动绞盘，其特征在于：所述阻尼壳体(41)上设有第二轴承座(46)，所述第二轴承座(46)内设有第二定位轴承(47)，所述第二定位轴承(47)内圈与绞盘轴(22)固定连接。
PCT/CN2019/085029 2019-04-29 2019-04-29 一种电动绞盘 WO2020220210A1 (zh)

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