WO2020217021A1 - Polyuréthane élastomère thermoplastique à base d'hexaméthylène diisocyanate - Google Patents
Polyuréthane élastomère thermoplastique à base d'hexaméthylène diisocyanate Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020217021A1 WO2020217021A1 PCT/FR2020/050686 FR2020050686W WO2020217021A1 WO 2020217021 A1 WO2020217021 A1 WO 2020217021A1 FR 2020050686 W FR2020050686 W FR 2020050686W WO 2020217021 A1 WO2020217021 A1 WO 2020217021A1
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/0895—Manufacture of polymers by continuous processes
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
- C08L75/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/16—Catalysts
- C08G18/22—Catalysts containing metal compounds
- C08G18/24—Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin
- C08G18/244—Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin tin salts of carboxylic acids
- C08G18/246—Catalysts containing metal compounds of tin tin salts of carboxylic acids containing also tin-carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4236—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups
- C08G18/4238—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6633—Compounds of group C08G18/42
- C08G18/6637—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/664—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/73—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates acyclic
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- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2350/00—Acoustic or vibration damping material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane, a composition comprising said polyurethane and a binder, for example bitumen and / or a bio-based binder, as well as the use of the composition for the preparation of a waterproofing membrane , a soundproofing membrane, a liquid waterproofing system, a pavement coating, a primer, a varnish, a mastic, an adhesive or a binder emulsion.
- a thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane a composition comprising said polyurethane and a binder, for example bitumen and / or a bio-based binder, as well as the use of the composition for the preparation of a waterproofing membrane , a soundproofing membrane, a liquid waterproofing system, a pavement coating, a primer, a varnish, a mastic, an adhesive or a binder emulsion.
- bitumen it is therefore necessary to modify the bitumen.
- Conventional techniques consist in adding to the bitumen thermoplastic polymers of the block elastomer type [SBS, SEBS (Styrene Ethylene Butadiene Styrene)] or plastomers [Polyolefin of the PPA type, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), PPI (isotactic polypropylene), APAO (amorphous alpha polyolefin), PE (polyethylene)].
- SBS block elastomer type
- SEBS Styrene Ethylene Butadiene Styrene
- plastomers Polyolefin of the PPA type, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), PPI (isotactic polypropylene), APAO (amorphous alpha polyolefin), PE (polyethylene)].
- bituminous composition having a softening point of up to 125 ° C and flexibility at low temperatures, that is to say which can reach -30 ° C approximately.
- the range of use of a bitumen modified with plastomeric polymers is generally between -15 ° C and 150 ° C.
- Pavement coatings based on polymer-modified bitumens also have their limits:
- SBS polymers are sensitive to UV, which can cause aging of the surface layers (cracking, decohesion, etc.);
- the product is in liquid form, mono or bicomponent, and reaches its characteristics after crosslinking which takes place in the open air;
- crosslinking polymerization takes place in hot bitumen just before its application on site.
- French patent application No. 2,064,750 in the name of the company NAPHTACHIMIE describes a thermoplastic bituminous composition containing less than 10% by weight of thermosetting polyurethane.
- the polyols used to synthesize the polyurethane have functionalities greater than 2, which can range up to 8 and the NCO / OH ratio is between 1 and 2, preferably close to 1.1.
- This bituminous composition has thermoplastic properties due to the presence of polyurethane and can be applied to a fibrous support to produce a prefabricated membrane.
- the low percentage of polyurethane introduced does not make it possible to obtain sufficiently elastic and resistant membranes.
- a sheet material is known intended to form a barrier against humidity and comprising a layer of a bitumen / polyurethane mixture protected by polymer film and covered with a release film.
- the polyurethane used in the bituminous mixture is prepared with a polybutadiene polyol having a functionality between 2.2 and 2.6.
- the resulting polyurethane is thermosetting and sensitive, by its chemical nature, to degradation by U.V. hence the need to protect the bituminous layer with a polymer film.
- the material of this patent application is not thermoplastic and it is applied cold to the surface to be sealed and held in place by the tackiness of the bituminous composition, possibly improved by the addition of a specific tackifier.
- thermoplastic polyurethane obtained by reaction between a polyester polyol, diphenylmethylene diisocyanate (MDI) and 1, 4-butanediol,
- bituminous composition obtained in this application has limited mechanical properties and is sensitive to degradation at high temperature.
- thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane (TPU) with improved properties using a specific diisocyanate, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane or hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- the TP U of the present invention exhibits high compatibility with binders of bitumen type and / or bio-based binders.
- the composition obtained by mixing the TPU of the invention with a binder has a particular crystalline structure which gives the composition of the invention a rubbery flow at a lower temperature compared to the compositions of the prior art.
- Another advantage of the TPU of the present invention is that it exhibits a higher modulus G 'compared to the TPUs of the prior art.
- the TPU of the invention makes it possible to obtain a coating exhibiting improved mechanical properties compared to those of a coating comprising a TPU of the prior art.
- thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane obtained by reaction between:
- polyol comprising a linear or branched C12-C60 chain, preferably C24-C50, more preferably C30-C40, said polyol having a functionality of between 1.75 and 2.2, preferably between 1.85 and 2, 1, more preferably between 1.95 and 2.05, and a number average molar mass of between 500 and 6000 g / mol, preferably between 900 and 5000 g / mol, more preferably between 1500 and 3500 g / mol;
- a chain-extending diol chosen from 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and mixtures thereof;
- NCO / OH ratio of between 0.95 and 1.02, preferably between 0.97 and 1.1, more preferably between 0.98 and 1.
- Another object of the invention is a composition
- a composition comprising a binder and the thermoplastic elastomer polyurethane according to the present invention, the composition comprising 3 to 30%, preferably 5 to 22%, by weight of thermoplastic elastomer polyurethane relative to the total weight of the binder and of the thermoplastic elastomer polyurethane.
- a subject of the invention is also the use of the composition according to the invention for the preparation of a waterproofing membrane, of a soundproofing membrane, of a liquid waterproofing system, of a coating. pavements, a primer, a varnish, a mastic, an adhesive or a binder emulsion.
- FIG. 1 shows the curve of the modulus G ’as a function of the temperature measured by AMD for the TPUs 1, 2 and 7 obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 shows the curve of the modulus G ’as a function of the temperature measured by AMD for the TPUs 4, 5 and 8 obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 shows the curve of the modulus G ’as a function of the temperature measured by AMD for Compositions 1, 2 and 3 obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 4 shows the curve of the modulus G ’as a function of the temperature measured by AMD for Compositions 4, 5 and 6 obtained in Example 2.
- thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane according to the invention is obtained by reaction between a polyol, hexamethylene diisocyanate and a chain extender diol.
- thermoplastic is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, a material which softens under the action of heat and which hardens by reversible cooling without loss of properties.
- elastic is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, a material which is capable of undergoing a strong elastic deformation, that is to say which is capable of returning to its initial shape when removing the constraints to which it is subjected.
- thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane of the present invention can in particular be obtained by polymerization of three compounds: (i) a polyol comprising a linear or branched C12-C60 chain, preferably C24-C50, more preferably C30-C40, said polyol having a functionality between 1.75 and 2.2, preferably between 1.85 and 2.1, more preferably between 1.95 and 2.05, and a number-average molar mass (M n ) between 500 and 6000 g / mol, preferably between 900 and 5000 g / mol, more preferably between 1500 and 3500 g / mol; (ii) hexamethylene diisocyanate; and (iii) a chain extending diol selected from 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and mixtures thereof; in specific proportions.
- a polyol comprising a linear or branched C12-C
- the NCO / OH ratio of the three compounds entering into the synthesis of the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane is between 0.95 and 1.1, preferably between 0.97 and 1.02, more preferably between 0.98 and 1.
- the NCO / OH ratio is greater than 1.1, a polyurethane is obtained which has free reactive sites which can lead to side reactions and thus impair its compatibility with the binder and therefore to obtain suitable performance.
- the NCO / OH ratio is less than 0.95, a polyurethane is obtained which has a deficit of rigid segments and a molar mass that is too low and therefore an insufficient level of performance.
- the hydroxyl number is the number of mg of KOH required to neutralize the acid or anhydride which combines by esterification with one gram of polyol.
- the polyol has a hydroxyl number of between 18 mg KOH / g and 224 mg KOH / g, preferably between 32 mg KOH / g and 75 mg KOH / g.
- the hydroxyl number can be determined by reverse assay using potassium hydroxide.
- the number-average molar mass (M n ) of the polyol can be evaluated by various methods such as size exclusion chromatography or nuclear magnetic resonance.
- NCO / OH ratio is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, the stoichiometric ratio between the number of NCO functions of the diisocyanate and the number of OH functions of the polyol and of the chain extender diol.
- the NCO / OH ratio is calculated with the following formula:
- mdüso is the mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate
- m poiyoi is the mass of the polyol
- mdioi is the mass of the chain extending diol
- MEdiiso is the equivalent mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate and corresponds the ratio between the molar mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate and the functionality of hexamethylene diisocyanate;
- M Epoiyoi is the equivalent mass of the polyol and corresponds to the ratio between the number-average molar mass of the polyol and the functionality of the polyol;
- M Edioi is the equivalent mass of the chain extending diol and corresponds to the ratio between the molar mass of the chain extending diol and the functionality of the chain extending diol.
- hexamethylene diisocyanate By “functionality of hexamethylene diisocyanate” is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, the total number of reactive isocyanate functions per mole of hexamethylene diisocyanate, namely 2.
- the term "functionality of the chain-extending diol” is understood to mean the total number of reactive hydroxyl functions per mole of chain-extending diol, namely 2.
- the polyol entering into the synthesis of the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane of the present invention has a functionality of between 1.75 and 2.2, preferably between 1.85 and 2.1, more preferably between 1.95 and 2. 05, and a number-average molecular mass (M n ) of between 500 and 6000 g / mol, preferably between 900 and 5000 g / mol, more preferably between 1500 and 3500 g / mol.
- the polyol has an average functionality of 2.
- the polyol comprises a linear or branched C12-C60 chain, preferably C24-C50, more preferably C30-C40.
- linear or branched C12-C60 chain is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, a divalent, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbylene radical comprising 12 to 60 carbon atoms, said radical possibly comprising a or more aliphatic and / or aromatic rings each having 6 carbon atoms.
- the linear or branched C12-C60 chain can be interrupted by one or more ether functions (-0-). According to a mode of particularly preferred embodiment, said hydrocarbon chain is not substituted by one or more halogenated, nitrogenous or hydroxylated groups.
- Said polyol can in particular be chosen from a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a polycarbonate polyol, a polyolefin polyol, a polyol based on vegetable oil and mixtures thereof.
- the polyol is a polyester polyol or a blend of polyester polyols.
- the polyester polyols are obtained by reaction between a dicarboxylic acid and a diol or by reaction between a cyclic ester and a diol.
- Examples of usable dicarboxylic acids are succinic acid, glutamic acid, octanedioic acid, sebacic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid.
- the dicarboxylic acid is advantageously a dicarboxylic fatty acid, that is to say a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid comprising from 12 to 60 carbon atoms between the carboxylic acid functions which can, for example, be synthesized by dimerization of acids.
- unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylics or unsaturated aliphatic esters having between 8 and 22 carbon atoms such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid.
- An example of a useful cyclic ester is e-caprolactone.
- diols examples include ethanediol, diethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6 -hexanediol, 1, 10-decanediol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, tripropylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol and 1, 4-cyclohexane-dimethanol.
- the diol can be a fatty diol, that is to say a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic diol comprising from 12 to 60 carbon atoms between the hydroxyl functions which can, for example, be synthesized by reduction of a dicarboxylic fatty acid described above. - above.
- the polyol is a polyester polyol formed by reaction between:
- a linear or branched dicarboxylic acid comprising 12 to 60, preferably 24 to 50, more preferably 30 to 40 carbon atoms between the carboxylic acid functions (-COOH); and - a diol comprising 2 to 12, preferably 3 to 10, more preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms between the hydroxyl functions (—OH).
- the polyol can be a polyester polyol formed by reaction between:
- a linear or branched diol comprising 12 to 60, preferably 24 to 50, more preferably 30 to 40 carbon atoms between the hydroxyl functions (- OH);
- dicarboxylic acid comprising 2 to 12, preferably 3 to 10, more preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms between the carboxylic acid functions (-COOH).
- the polyol corresponds to the following formula:
- X is a saturated linear divalent hydrocarbylene radical comprising 2 to 12, preferably 3 to 10, more preferably 4 to 6 carbon atoms;
- L is a divalent, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbylene radical comprising 12 to 60, preferably 24 to 50, more preferably 30 to 40 carbon atoms, said radical possibly comprising one or more aliphatic and / or aromatic rings each having 6 carbon atoms; more preferably L is a branched divalent hydrocarbylene radical comprising 30 to 40 carbon atoms, said radical comprising an aliphatic ring having 6 carbon atoms,
- n ranges from 1.5 to 10, preferably from 2 to 8, more preferably from 2.5 to 6.
- the diisocyanate entering into the synthesis of the thermoplastic elastomer polyurethane of the present invention is hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) which is an aliphatic diisocyanate having 2 NCO functions.
- HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
- the chain-extending diol entering into the synthesis of the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and their mixtures.
- the chain extender diol is 1, 4-butanediol.
- the chain extender diol is 1, 6-hexanediol.
- the chain extender diol is 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
- the polymerization reaction can optionally be carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
- the catalyst can in particular be chosen from organometallic catalysts based on tin, zinc or bismuth.
- organometallic catalysts based on tin, zinc or bismuth.
- Examples of zinc-based catalyst that can be used are in particular zinc bis (2-ethylhexanoate) and zinc salts of linear or branched fatty acids having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- An example of a bismuth-based catalyst that can be used is in particular bismuth trisneodecanoate.
- the amount of catalyst used is between 0.001 and 1%, preferably between 0.005 and 0.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the polyol, of the hexamethylene diisocyanate and of the chain extender diol.
- the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer of the present invention has an average molar mass in number (M n ) between 10,000 and 100,000 g / mol, preferably between 20,000 and 80,000 g / mol, more preferably between 40,000 and 60,000 g / mol and even more preferably between 30,000 and 60,000 g / mol.
- thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane of the present invention consists of rigid segments and flexible segments.
- the rigid segments originate from the diisocyanate, urethane bonds and the chain extender diol while the flexible segments originate from the long chain of the polyol.
- the rate of rigid segments (in%) (weight of diisocyanate + weight of chain extender diol relative to the weight of polyurethane) may in particular be between 8 and 18%, preferably between 1 1 and 18%, more preferably between 12 and 17%, and even more preferentially between 13 and 16.5% and the proportion of flexible segments (in%) (weight of polyol relative to the weight of polyurethane) can in particular be between 82 and 89%, of preferably between 83 and 88%, more preferably between 83.5 and 87%.
- the rate of rigid segments can be calculated according to the following formula:
- mdüso is the mass of hexamethylene diisocyanate
- mdioi is the mass of the chain extending diol
- m poiyoi is the mass of the polyol.
- the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer of the present invention has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of between -70 ° C and 0 ° C, preferably between -65 ° C and -10 ° C , more preferably between -60 ° C and -20 ° C.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane of the present invention has a transition temperature vitreous (Tg) of between 20 ° C and 125 ° C, preferably between 30 ° C and 115 ° C, more preferably between 35 ° C and 105 ° C.
- Tg transition temperature vitreous
- the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane of the present invention comprises two glass transition temperatures.
- the polyurethane can have a first Tg (bound to the flexible segments) between -70 ° C and 0 ° C, preferably between -65 ° C and -10 ° C, more preferably between -60 ° C and -20 ° C. and a second Tg (linked to the rigid segments) between 20 ° C and 125 ° C, preferably between 30 ° C and 115 ° C, more preferably between 35 ° C and 105 ° C.
- thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane of the present invention can in particular have a melting point between 110 ° C and 220 ° C, preferably between 130 ° C and 200 ° C, more preferably between 140 ° C and 180 ° C.
- thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane of the present invention may in particular exhibit an enthalpy of fusion between 1 and 10 J / g, preferably between 4 and 10 J / g.
- thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane of the present invention can in particular be used to modify the mechanical properties of a bitumen or of a bio-based binder at high or low temperature.
- the present invention also relates to a composition comprising a binder, for example bitumen and / or a bio-based binder, and the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane of the invention.
- composition of the present invention comprises a binder and the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane according to the invention described above.
- binder is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, an agglomerating substance, preferably waterproof, which may be in liquid, pasty or powdery form.
- the binder introduced into the composition according to the invention can in particular be chosen from a bitumen, a bio-based binder, and a mixture of these.
- biobased binder is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, a binder, and more particularly an agglomerating substance, preferably waterproof, which is wholly or partially derived from biomass.
- bitumen which can be introduced into the composition of the present invention is advantageously a direct distillation bitumen also called pure bitumen.
- bitumens that can be used are bitumens of grades 10/20, 20/30, 35/50, 50/70, 70/100 or 160/220, the grades being defined according to the penetrability of a needle in 100 g of bitumen at 25 ° C after 5 seconds, expressed in 1 / 10th of a mm and measured according to standard EN 1426 of January 2018.
- the bitumen of the composition is a bitumen of grade 35/50 or 50/70.
- Such a bitumen is particularly suitable for the preparation of road surfaces.
- the bitumen of the composition is a bitumen of grade 70/100 or 160/220.
- Such a bitumen is particularly suitable for the preparation of waterproofing coatings.
- the bitumen of the composition can be a bitumen which is not very compatible with the polyurethanes of the prior art, such as in particular a bitumen rich in resins.
- the bitumen can comprise 16 to 30%, for example 18 to 25%, by weight of resins relative to the total weight of the SARA fractions (saturated, aromatic resins and asphaltenes). More particularly, the bitumen can comprise 30 to 70%, for example 50 to 58%, by weight of aromatics relative to the total weight of the SARA fractions.
- the bio-based binder which can be introduced into the composition of the present invention can in particular exhibit viscoelastic properties comparable to those of a bitumen.
- the bio-based binder can exhibit needle penetrability at 25 ° C, as measured according to standard EN 1426 of January 2018, from 10 to 300 1 / 10th of a mm.
- the bio-based binder can exhibit a ring bead temperature, as measured according to the method described below, of 20 to 80 ° C.
- the bio-based binder can in particular comprise one or more compounds chosen from an oil, a plant resin, a modified plant resin, a tall oil pitch, a modified tall oil pitch, a rosin, a fortified rosin, a terpene, a resin acid, a grape pomace, a compound extracted from algae or microalgae (lipid and / or saccharide), a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester, a fatty acid methyl ester, lignin, coumarone-indene resin, copal resin, dammar resin, additive resin, betaine, and derivatives thereof.
- an oil a plant resin, a modified plant resin, a tall oil pitch, a modified tall oil pitch, a rosin, a fortified rosin, a terpene, a resin acid, a grape pomace, a compound extracted from algae or microalgae (lipid and / or saccharide), a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester
- derivatives thereof encompasses the compounds obtained by chemical transformation or heat treatment of the compounds mentioned above.
- chemical transformations are esterification, hydrogenation, disproportionation, dimerization, polymerization or even a Diels-Alder reaction.
- heat treatments are distillation or decarboxylation.
- the oil can in particular be an oil of vegetable origin, an oil of animal origin, and mixtures thereof.
- oil of animal origin or “oil of vegetable origin” is understood to mean oils obtained from plants or animals, either directly or after one or more separation steps and / or chemical transformation.
- Examples of vegetable oils which can be introduced into the bio-based binder are linseed oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil, palm oil, castor oil, corn oil, grape seed oil, jojoba oil, sesame oil, walnut oil, hazelnut oil, almond oil, shea oil, macadamia oil, cottonseed oil, alfalfa oil, coconut oil, copra oil, safflower oil, oil peanut, squash oil, Chinese wood oil, and mixtures thereof.
- animal oils that can be introduced into the bio-based binder are tallow, lard and mixtures thereof.
- the oil can also be chosen from saturated polyester oils, unsaturated polyester oils, vegetable oils with a high oleic acid content and mixtures thereof.
- polyester oil saturated means the reaction product between a polyol and two, three or four saturated carboxylic acids.
- unsaturated polyester oil is understood to mean the reaction product between a polyol and two, three or four unsaturated carboxylic acids.
- Polyols that can be used to make saturated or unsaturated polyester oils are 1, 1, 1 - trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, glycerol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, their ethoxylated derivatives and / or propoxylated, that is to say the polyols mentioned above further comprising units - (O-CH2-CH2) - and / or - (- 0-CH (CH3) -CH2) - between the alcohol functions, and their mixtures.
- the saturated carboxylic acids that can be used to make saturated polyester oils are saturated linear or branched carboxylic acids having 8 to 32 carbon atoms.
- the oil that can be introduced into the bio-based binder can in particular be an unsaturated polyester oil.
- An example of an unsaturated polyester oil is pentaerythritol tetraoleate.
- a plant resin is a viscous liquid which circulates in the resin-forming channels located on the periphery of resinous trees such as in particular trees of the genus Pinus.
- the vegetable resin can be obtained by an operation called gemmage which is carried out by removing the bark on a small part of the tree, by making an incision in the wood and by collecting the resin which flows out.
- the plant resin includes terpenes and resin acids. Examples of terpenes are bicyclic terpenes such as alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and delta-3-carene; monocyclic terpenes such as limonene and terpinolene; sesquiterpenes such as longifolene and caryophyllene; and their mixtures.
- resin acids are resin acids such as abietic acid and its isomers, pimaric acid and its isomers; and their mixtures.
- the mixture of said resin acids also called rosin or rosin, can be the solid residue obtained after distillation of the natural plant resin.
- the main constituents of the vegetable resin that is to say the terpenes and the resin acids can also be obtained from by-products resulting from the manufacture of pulp by the Kraft process.
- the terpenes can be obtained by distillation of the papermaking gasolines at reduced pressure and the rosin by distillation of the crude tall oil at reduced pressure.
- the term “vegetable resin” includes the products resulting from the tapping or from the process for manufacturing paper pulp by the Kraft process, which comprise terpenes and / or resin acids.
- modified plant resin includes the products resulting from the transformation by chemical reaction of the natural plant resin as defined above.
- the modified plant resin can in particular be a phenolic terpene resin or a fortified rosin ester.
- phenolic terpene resin means a modified plant resin obtained by chemical reaction of a terpene or of a mixture of terpenes with an optionally substituted phenol.
- Non-limiting examples of terpenes are mono-cyclic terpenes, bicyclic terpenes, linear terpenes and mixtures thereof; such as in particular alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, delta-3-carene, dipentene, terpinolene, myrcene, alloocimene.
- fortified rosin ester is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, a modified plant resin obtained by esterification reaction of a polyol with a fortified rosin.
- Non-limiting examples of polyols suitable for esterifying fortified rosin are pentaerythritol, 1, 1, 1 -trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, and mixtures thereof.
- fortified rosin is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, a modified plant resin obtained by chemical reaction of the Diels-Alder type of a rosin with an unsaturated ab compound comprising from one to three groups independently selected from carboxylic acid (- COOH) and acid anhydride (-C (O) OC (O) -).
- the fortified rosin thus has a higher softening temperature than the corresponding rosin.
- Non-limiting examples of ab compounds unsaturated products comprising from one to three groups independently selected from carboxylic acid (-COOH) and acid anhydride (-C (O) OC (O) -) suitable for fortifying rosin are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, l fumaric acid, itaconic acid, sorbic acid, maleic acid, as well as their anhydride forms.
- Tall oil pitch is a by-product from the manufacture of pulp by the Kraft process.
- the lignin and hemicellulose degrade and dissolve in the liquor, while the cellulose can be recovered in the form of pulp and then washed.
- the liquor which also contains acids in the form of sodium carboxylates, is recovered and concentrated.
- the foam which forms on the surface of the concentrated liquor is recovered and then hot acidified with sulfuric acid to produce crude tall oil.
- the crude tall oil is then distilled off at reduced pressure and the residual non-volatile fraction is tall oil pitch.
- Tall oil pitch referenced under CAS No.
- [8016-81-7] predominantly comprises fatty acids such as palmitic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid; fatty acid esters; resin acids such as abietic acid and its isomers, pimaric acid, isopimaric acid and sandaracopimaric acid; esters of resin acids; diterpene alcohols; fatty alcohols and sterols.
- the composition of tall oil pitch varies depending on the species of conifer used and where it comes from.
- the modified tall oil pitch can be obtained by esterifying tall oil pitch with an alcohol, a polyol or a mixture thereof.
- the alcohols and / or polyols used to modify the pitch of tall oil can in particular be of plant origin.
- Non-limiting examples of alcohols which can be used to modify the pitch of tall oil are alcohols comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, such as in particular methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, terpene alcohols. , fatty alcohols such as lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
- Non-limiting examples of polyols that can be used to modify tall oil pitch are terpene polyols, 1, 1, 1 -trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol , neopentyl glycol, and mixtures thereof.
- the modified tall oil pitch can also be obtained by thermal decarboxylation of tall oil pitch.
- the thermal decarboxylation of tall oil pitch can in particular be carried out at a temperature of 250 to 450 ° C, in particular 275 to 375 ° C, more particularly 300 to 360 ° C.
- the bio-based binder can in particular comprise:
- the% being% by weight relative to the weight of the bio-based binder.
- the bio-based binder can in particular comprise:
- the% being% by weight relative to the weight of the bio-based binder.
- composition according to the invention comprises 3 to 30%, preferably 5 to 22%, by weight of thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane relative to the total weight of the binder and of the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane.
- the composition comprises 5 to 13%, in particular 7 to 12%, more particularly 9 to 11%, by weight of thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane relative to the total weight of the binder and of the elastomeric polyurethane thermoplastic.
- a composition is particularly suitable for the preparation of road surfaces.
- the composition comprises 17 to 22%, in particular 18 to 21%, more particularly 19 to 20%, by weight of thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane relative to the total weight of the binder and of the elastomeric polyurethane thermoplastic.
- Such a composition is particularly suitable for the preparation of waterproofing coatings.
- the composition can further comprise a compound chosen from a catalyst, a fatty substance (for example a wax, an oil and / or a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)), an additive (antioxidant or others. ), a filler, a second polymer, and mixtures thereof.
- a catalyst for example a wax, an oil and / or a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)
- FAME fatty acid methyl ester
- an additive antioxidant or others.
- a filler for example a wax, an oil and / or a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)
- FAME fatty acid methyl ester
- the catalyst can in particular be as described above for the polymerization reaction of the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane.
- Oils or FAMEs which can be added to the composition are naphthenic oils such as Ruetasolv® DI or NYTEX 820 or FAME such as OIéoflux®.
- Fillers which can be added to the composition are mineral or organic fillers such as calcium carbonate, silica, talc, dolomite, kaolin, carbon black, and their mixtures.
- Additives which can be added to the composition are flame retardants such as colemanitis, anti-root agents such as Preventol® B5, antioxidants.
- the second polymer that can be added to the composition is a polymer other than the TPU of the present invention, for example a thermoplastic polymer of the block elastomer type [SBS, SEBS (Styrene Ethylene Butadiene Styrene)] or plastomer [Polyolefin of the PPA type, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), PPI (isotactic polypropylene), APAO (amorphous alpha polyolefin), PE (polyethylene)].
- SBS block elastomer type
- SEBS Styrene Ethylene Butadiene Styrene
- plastomer Polyolefin of the PPA type, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), PPI (isotactic polypropylene), APAO (amorphous alpha polyolefin), PE (polyethylene)
- composition can in particular comprise the following compounds, the percentages being percentages by weight relative to the total weight of the composition:
- thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane preferably 15 to 40% of thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane according to the invention
- composition according to the invention can be obtained by synthesizing, firstly, the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane and then by adding the latter to the hot binder.
- the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane can be synthesized in two steps.
- a first step all of the polyol is reacted with excess hexamethylene diisocyanate and optionally a catalyst to form a prepolymer, and in the second, the reaction is terminated by adding the chain extender and optionally a catalyst.
- the first step can in particular be carried out with stirring under an inert atmosphere for 30 min to 5 hours, at a temperature of 80 to 90 ° C.
- the chain extender and the optional catalyst are added to the reactor after this time and the mixture is placed under stirring for example for 5 to 10 minutes depending on the rate of increase in the viscosity of the mixture.
- the mixture can then be poured into a mold or onto a plate and then baked.
- the cooking can be carried out in an oven, for example at 100 ° C. for 20 hours.
- the cooking can be carried out in an oven, for example at 80 ° C for 12 hours, then in a press, for example at 110 ° C for 1 hour.
- the polymer can then be cooled and optionally cut into granules.
- the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane can be obtained by reactive extrusion.
- Reactive extrusion consists in carrying out the polymerization reaction of the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane in an extruder.
- the extruders are mainly composed of one or more endless screws which rotate inside a sheath thus allowing mixing of the polymers introduced.
- the term “extruder” includes the following equipment: single-screw extruders, multi-screw extruders such as in particular co- or counter-rotating twin-screw extruders, planetary extruders, annular extruders and static or intensive mixers.
- the extruder used in the method of the invention is a co-rotating twin-screw extruder.
- thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane by reactive extrusion can in particular comprise the following steps:
- the polyol can be heated before its introduction into the extruder.
- the polyol can be heated to a temperature between 60 and 150 ° C.
- the step of introducing the polyol, the hexamethylene diisocyanate, the chain extender diol and optionally the catalyst into the extruder can be carried out in several ways.
- Each reagent can be introduced into the extruder separately, or all the reagents can be premixed together and then introduced into the extruder or some reagents are introduced separately and others are premixed together before being introduced into the extruder. extruder.
- the polyol and hexamethylene diisocyanate are introduced separately and the chain extender diol is introduced in admixture with the catalyst.
- the flow rate of each reagent or mixture of reagent introduced into the extruder can advantageously be controlled with positive displacement pumps.
- the polymer obtained according to the first or the second embodiment for example in the form of granules, is added to a binder previously heated to a temperature above its melting point, for example at a temperature of 20 to 180 ° C.
- the mixture can be placed under mechanical stirring, for example for 5 to 45 minutes at a temperature of 20 to 180 ° C.
- the composition can be obtained by synthesizing, firstly, a prepolymer by reaction of the polyol and of hexamethylene diisocyanate optionally in the presence of a catalyst, then by adding the latter to the hot binder in the presence of the chain extender diol (prepolymer route).
- the synthesis of the prepolymer can in particular be carried out with stirring under an inert atmosphere for 30 minutes to 5 hours, at a temperature of 80 to 90 ° C.
- the prepolymer is then introduced into the binder heated to a temperature above its melting point, by example at a temperature of 20 to 180 ° C, so as to obtain a fluid and homogeneous mass.
- the chain extender and optionally a catalyst are then added.
- the reaction time varies between 15 and 120 minutes during which the resulting mixture is heated intermittently or continuously, until polymerization.
- the final temperature of the binder can reach 20 to 180 ° C to allow complete polymerization and have a sufficiently fluid mass.
- the composition can be obtained by carrying out the synthesis of the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane directly in the hot binder (one-shot process).
- the binder is brought to its melting temperature, for example at a temperature of 20 to 180 ° C.
- Polyol, hexamethylene diisocyanate and optionally a catalyst are added and the mixture is stirred for a period of time, for example between 60 and 120 minutes.
- the chain extender and optionally a catalyst are then added.
- the temperature of the final mixture obtained is gradually increased, for example up to 180 ° C, with intermittent or continuous stirring, to keep a fluid mass and allow complete polymerization.
- the fatty substance (wax, oil, and / or FAME) and / or the filler and / or the additive and / or the optional second polymer (s) can be added before, during or after the synthesis of the polyurethane elastomer.
- thermoplastic but also during or after the introduction of the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane into the hot binder.
- said optional compounds are added after the addition or synthesis of the thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane.
- composition according to the invention can be used for the preparation of a waterproofing membrane, of a soundproofing membrane, of a liquid waterproofing system, of a pavement coating (for example a bituminous mix , a mix of bio-based binder or mastic asphalt), a primer, a varnish, a mastic, an adhesive or a binder emulsion.
- a pavement coating for example a bituminous mix , a mix of bio-based binder or mastic asphalt
- the composition of the present invention is deposited on a fibrous support to form a prefabricated waterproofing membrane.
- the composition can in particular be deposited on the fibrous support by coating, for example with a doctor blade, then the fibrous support can be impregnated to the heart with the composition, for example by passing the coated fibrous support through a calender roll.
- the sealing membrane obtained is in particular in the form of a roll which can be unrolled over the surface to be sealed, the different strips of membranes are then welded together with a torch or else with hot air.
- composition of the present invention is used as a road asphalt binder.
- the following methods were used to measure the glass transition temperature, the melting temperature, the enthalpy of fusion, the modulus of the rubber plate, the ring ball temperature, needle penetrability, springback, viscosity and Fraass brittleness point.
- the measurement of the glass transition temperature, the melting temperature and the enthalpy of fusion are carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) by performing the following cycles at 10 ° C / min: Cycle 1: temperature rise from -80 ° C to 250 ° C;
- Cycle 3 temperature rise to 250 ° C.
- the parameters are measured during the 3rd cycle.
- the measurement of the modulus at the rubber plate (G ') is carried out by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in torsion.
- DMA dynamic mechanical analysis
- the torsional stress is generated by the interaction between a magnet and HelmhoItz coils which are traversed by a sinusoidal current and transmitted through a rigid rod placed at the end of the sample.
- Angular deformation is measured by an optical system of laser diode and reflective target.
- a sample 2 mm thick, 6 mm wide and approximately 12 mm long is introduced into the center of a temperature-controlled oven and the assembly is placed under an inert atmosphere with helium at a pressure of 600 mbar.
- the test is carried out between -120 and 130 ° C at a frequency of 1 Hz with a ramp of 1 0 C.min 1 .
- a steel ball is placed on a copper ring previously filled with binder.
- the whole is immersed in a bath, the temperature of which is raised by 5 ° C per minute.
- the softening temperature or the bead-ring temperature is that at which the bead, driving the binder membrane, reaches a determined benchmark 2.5 cm lower.
- the temperature recorded when this condition is met is the ring ball softening temperature and this corresponds to the upper limit of use of the binder.
- the measurements were carried out in accordance with standard NF EN 1426 (January 2018): Determination of needle penetrability.
- the penetrability makes it possible to determine the hardness of a binder and thus to classify it in different grade.
- Penetrability is the measurement of the penetration into a sample of binder after 5 seconds of a needle whose weight with its support and an additional load is 100 g. It is expressed in 0.1 mm. Three measurements are made per binder at different points of the cup.
- the elastic return is measured according to standard EN 13398 (December 2017) in a ductilimeter at 25 ° C.
- the material to be tested is stretched to undergo an elongation of 200 mm.
- the springback value is the percentage of the material's retraction length reduced to its total length.
- An elastic return rate of 100% corresponds to a material which completely covers its original dimensions.
- Dynamic viscosity is used to describe the rheological behavior of a binder. It is determined according to standard NF EN 13302 (June 2018) using a rotating viscometer (speed between 0.3 and 60 rpm) and corresponds to the ratio between the applied shear stress and the shear rate . For this measurement, a torque is applied to a moving part (cylinder) rotating in a container containing the binder to be measured. This torque measures the relative resistance of the mobile to rotation and thus determines the dynamic viscosity of the bitumen at a predetermined temperature. It is generally measured at 160 ° C.
- the measurements were carried out in accordance with standard NF EN 12593 (June 2007): Determination of the Fraass point of weakness.
- the Fraass brittleness point corresponds to the cracking temperature of the binder at low temperature.
- BDO 4-butanediol
- HDO 6-hexanediol
- CHDM 4-cyclohexanedimethanol
- HDI 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate sold under the trade reference hexamethylene diisocyanate by the company MERCK (hereinafter called HDI)
- MDI 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate sold under the trade reference Suprasec® 1306 by the company HUNTSMAN (hereinafter called MDI)
- bitumen 1 bitumen of grade 160/220 sold under the commercial reference B200K by the refinery of Düsseldorf (Germany)
- bitumen 2 grade 50/70 bitumen from the Lavéra refinery (France)
- TPUs were prepared using the reagents and the amounts (parts by weight) listed in [Table 1].
- the TPU 1 was prepared by the “one-shot” process. Firstly, the polyol, the diisocyanate and 0.01% by weight of catalyst were mixed with respect to the total weight of the polyol, of the diisocyanate and of the chain extender diol. The mixture was heated at 80 ° C for 4 hours under nitrogen flow. Then, the chain extender was added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 5-10 minutes. The polymer was then poured into a metal air gap to undergo baking for 12 h at 80 ° C. in an oven and then placed in a press at 110 ° C. for 1 h in order to obtain a plate 2 mm thick.
- TPUs 2-8 were prepared by reactive extrusion.
- the polyol was stored at 80 ° C for 48 hours.
- the polyol was introduced at the inlet of the extruder with a pump of volume 12 cm3 / rev.
- the chain extender was previously dehydrated at 120 ° C for 30 min under vacuum and then mixed with 150 ppm of catalyst. The mixture was placed in a stirred tank under argon and introduced to the inlet of the extruder using a pump.
- the MDI was previously melted at 70 ° C. HDI was used as is.
- the diisocyanate was introduced into the extruder, just after mixing the polyol and the chain extender, using a pump.
- a gear pump facilitated the exit of the material.
- the polymer was cooled in water to 10 ° C before being granulated with an SHD-50 granulator.
- Table 1 below indicates the rate of hard segments and the NCO / OH ratio obtained. The flow rates of each component were adjusted to obtain the hard segment rates and NCO / OH ratios indicated. The flow rates were checked with a flow meter.
- Tg corresponds to the glass transition temperature (SS corresponds to the Tg linked to the flexible segments and SR corresponds to the Tg linked to the rigid segments).
- Tf corresponds to the melting temperature.
- DH is the enthalpy of fusion.
- the rubber platform module (G ') of TPUs 1, 2 and 7 is shown in [Fig. 1]
- the rubber plate module (G ') of TPUs 4, 5 and 8 is shown in [Fig. 2]
- the TPU according to the invention exhibits a higher Tg linked to the flexible segments than that of the MDI-based TPU. This can be explained by an increase in the amount of rigid segments dissolved in the flexible phase. Further, the 13% rigid segment MDI-based TPU does not exhibit a true rubbery plateau above the Tg of the soft phase, but rather a slow and steady decline in modulus preceding the flow phase at- above 80-100 ° C. In fact, it contains too few rigid segments and these are of too low Tg, due to their very short average length, to be able to constitute true rigid nano-domains which can play the role of a crosslinking node up to temperatures. sufficiently high; unlike rigid HDI-based segments which, being largely crystalline, play this role up to their melting temperature.
- the TPU according to the invention exhibits a lower melting temperature and a higher enthalpy of fusion than a TPU based on MDI. This is explained by the larger size of the crystalline entities. In this case, the rubbery flow of the polymer takes place after the melting (Tf) of the crystalline entities.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show that the TPU according to the invention has a modulus with a much higher and more extensive rubber plateau than a TPU based on MDI [cf. TPU 1 and 2 (according to the invention) versus TPU 7 (comparative) and TPU 4 and 5 (according to the invention) versus TPU 8 (comparative)].
- TPU 1 and 2 according to the invention
- TPU 7 comparative
- TPU 4 and 5 according to the invention
- TPU 8 comparative
- the TPU of the invention differs from the TPU prepared with MDI by virtue of the formation of rigid segments exhibiting excellent symmetry. This results in an increase in the crystallinity of the TPU. A distribution Homogeneous nodules of rigid segments in the flexible phase, organized as a network is observed at 13% of rigid segments. This results in obtaining a TPU having a very high rubber plateau modulus, with an extended rubber plateau.
- Example 2 Preparation of a composition comprising a TPU and bitumen
- compositions were prepared with the percentages by weight described in [Table 3] according to the following process: the bitumen was heated to 170 ° C, the TPU granules were introduced and mixed. 15-20 min at a temperature of 170 ° C-175 ° C with stirring between 1500 and 2000 rpm. Then, the mixture is cast in the form of plates before being cooled to room temperature.
- thermomechanical properties of Compositions 1 -3 and Compositions 4-6 are shown respectively in [Fig. 3] and [Fig. 4]
- Composition 2 (based on HDI and FIDO) has the modulus with the highest rubber plateau. Compositions 1 and 2 exhibit better mechanical properties than Composition 3 (comparative based on MDI and BDO) while they contain less TPU.
- Composition 4 (based on HDI and BDO) exhibits the modulus with the highest rubber plateau. Compositions 4 and 5 exhibit better mechanical properties than Composition 6 (comparative based on MDI and BDO) while they contain less TPU.
- TPUs were prepared using the reagents and the amounts (parts by weight) listed in [Table 4] according to the reactive extrusion process described in Example 1.
- Example 4 Preparation of a composition comprising a TPU and bitumen
- compositions were prepared with the percentages by weight described in [Table 5] to [Table 14] according to the following process: the bitumen was heated to 170 ° C, the granules of TPU and mixed 15-20 min at a temperature of 170 ° C-175 ° C with stirring between 1500 and 2000 rpm. Then, the mixture is cast in the form of plates before being cooled to room temperature.
- TBA corresponds to the Ring Ball Temperature (EN1427).
- Pene corresponds to the needle penetrability measured at 25 ° C (EN1426).
- the elastic return (EN 13398) is measured at 25 ° C (R corresponds to rupture).
- Viscosity corresponds to the Brookfield viscosity measured at 160 ° C (internal method).
- Fragility corresponds to the Fraass point of fragility (EN 12593).
- compositions 16-18 compared with compositions 28-30 (MDI) in [Table 14].
- Penetrability the consistency of the compositions increases with the level of TPU introduced.
- the HDI isocyanate induces mixtures of higher consistency with equivalent polymer content (at 11% of polymer for example, penetrability of 41 1 / 10mm for HDI against 50 1 / 10mm for MDI).
- TBA increases with the rate of TPU. This increase is regular for MDI (the TBA changes from 65 ° C to 73.6 ° C between 9 and 13% of polymer) unlike HDI for which a strong increase is observed between 1 1% and 13% of polymer ( + 55 ° C).
- Fragility the cold resistance values are similar for all the compositions (type of TPU and percentage of polymer introduced). They are between -16 and -19 ° C.
- Viscosity it increases with the level of TPU and seems close for all the mixtures despite the different chemical structures of the polymers considered. According to the results of TBA, the phase inversion of HDI TPU is between 11 and 13% polymer. Regarding the MDI, the regular evolution of the TBA allows to affirm that the phase inversion is not effective. These results show that HDI is the best performing for the intended application: it stiffens the composition and gives it less thermal susceptibility at high temperature. Coupled with the CHDM, it induces an elasticity / stiffness compromise which is particularly interesting for road applications. In addition, the viscosity of the mixtures remaining low, it makes it possible to envisage good pumpability of the compositions during their transfer and processing.
- chain extenders can be classified according to the consistency which they give to compositions containing 9 and 11% polymer: BDO is the most rigid, followed by HDO and then CHDM. However, at 13% TPU, this trend is not verified because the penetrability values are similar for all chain extenders (around 30 1 / 10mm).
- TBA at 9 and 11% polymer, the TBA of the composition comprising BDO (120 ° C at 11%) is higher than that of HDO and CHDM (at 11%, approximately 70 ° C). ). At 13% TPU, TBA results are equivalent for all compositions. Regarding the change in TBA values, a strong increase is observed between 9 and 1 1% for BDO (+ 42 ° C). For HDO (+ 50 ° C) and CHDM (+ 54 ° C), this evolution is between 1 1 and 13% of TPU in the bitumen
- Fragility the fragility temperature of the compositions is between -16 and -19 ° C. whatever the nature of the extender and the level of TPU introduced.
- Viscosity it increases with the TPU rate but remains close for all chain extenders (3.5 Po at 9%, 4.4 Po at 11% and 5 Po at 13%). These viscosity values remain low compared to those of the compositions highly concentrated in SBS (9 Po for 7% SBS).
- BDO aliphatic chain extender
- Phase inversion is effective between 9 and 11% of polymer in the bitumen (significant increase in TBA).
- the compositions comprising BDO have performances close to those of Orthoprene® (except in terms of elasticity). However, it is important to note the great heterogeneity of the mixtures.
- HDO aliphatic chain extender
- BDO aliphatic chain extender
- CHDM cycloaliphatic chain extender
- Penetrability the higher the rate of SR of the TPU and the quantity of polymer introduced, the more consistent the composition (gradual increase in the value of penetrability).
- TBA the TBA increases with the level of SR for mixtures with 9% polymer. At 11 and 13% TPU, the results are similar for all mixtures between 13 and 20% SR (between 100 and 105 ° C at 11% and about 120 ° C at 13%). Only the 25% SR composition exhibits a higher TBA (1 16 ° C at 11 1% TPU). A notable increase in the softening point of the compositions is observed between 9 and 1 1% of polymer in the bitumen except for the 17% SR TPU mixture for which it takes place between 1 1 and 13% of polymer.
- the present technical solutions can be applied in particular in road surfaces and the waterproofing of engineering structures and buildings.
- the invention is not limited to the examples of thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethanes and of compositions described above, only by way of example, but it encompasses all the variants that a person skilled in the art may consider in the context of protection sought.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
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EP20754308.3A EP3959250A1 (fr) | 2019-04-25 | 2020-04-22 | Polyuréthane élastomère thermoplastique à base d'hexaméthylène diisocyanate |
US17/603,875 US20220195183A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 | 2020-04-22 | Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer based on hexamethylene diisocyanate |
AU2020263978A AU2020263978A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 | 2020-04-22 | Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer based on hexamethylene diisocyanate |
CA3134960A CA3134960A1 (fr) | 2019-04-25 | 2020-04-22 | Polyurethane elastomere thermoplastique a base d'hexamethylene diisocyanate |
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FR1904357A FR3095445B1 (fr) | 2019-04-25 | 2019-04-25 | Polyuréthane élastomère thermoplastique à base d’hexaméthylène diisocyanate |
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PCT/FR2020/050686 WO2020217021A1 (fr) | 2019-04-25 | 2020-04-22 | Polyuréthane élastomère thermoplastique à base d'hexaméthylène diisocyanate |
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US (1) | US20220195183A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3959250A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2020263978A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3134960A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3095445B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020217021A1 (fr) |
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CN114478976A (zh) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-13 | 福建农林大学 | 一种脂肪酸链悬挂的棕榈油基热塑性聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法 |
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FR2064750A5 (fr) | 1969-10-29 | 1971-07-23 | Naphtachimie Sa | |
WO1997003253A1 (fr) | 1995-07-10 | 1997-01-30 | Interface, Inc. | Materiau de bitume en feuilles modifie par de l'urethane et procede pour barriere contre l'humidite |
EP1013716A1 (fr) | 1998-12-24 | 2000-06-28 | Soprema S.A. | Composition résineuse monocomposante aux propriétés adhésives améliorées, notamment pour la réalisation d'étanchéités. |
WO2003091306A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-06 | Crompton Corporation | Elastomeres de polyurethanne obtenus a partir de prepolymeres hdi avec un contenu reduit de monomeres hdi libres |
FR2844283A1 (fr) | 2002-09-11 | 2004-03-12 | Soprema | Membrane a base de liant bitumineux modifie polyrethanne et procede de fabrication |
FR2941461A1 (fr) * | 2009-01-29 | 2010-07-30 | Colas Sa | Obtention d'enrobe et de beton bitumeux a module eleve (eme et bbme) |
EP2868680A1 (fr) * | 2013-11-05 | 2015-05-06 | Soprema | Granulé de bitume et de polyuréthane élastomère thermoplastique, son procédé de préparation et ses utilisations |
US20150240082A1 (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-08-27 | Garland Industries, Inc. | Active Polymer Modification of Bitumen for Use in Roofing Materials |
EP3081599A1 (fr) | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-19 | Soprema | Liant d'origine végétale, compositions le comprenant et méthode pour diminuér la quantité de bitume pétrolier |
EP3081600A1 (fr) | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-19 | Soprema | Liant d'origine végétale, compositions le comprenant et méthode pour diminuer la quantité de bitume pétrolier |
EP3392285A1 (fr) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-24 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Polyuréthanes thermoplastiques aliphatiques, leur fabrication et leur utilisation |
-
2019
- 2019-04-25 FR FR1904357A patent/FR3095445B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-04-22 WO PCT/FR2020/050686 patent/WO2020217021A1/fr unknown
- 2020-04-22 AU AU2020263978A patent/AU2020263978A1/en active Pending
- 2020-04-22 CA CA3134960A patent/CA3134960A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-04-22 EP EP20754308.3A patent/EP3959250A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-04-22 US US17/603,875 patent/US20220195183A1/en active Pending
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FR2064750A5 (fr) | 1969-10-29 | 1971-07-23 | Naphtachimie Sa | |
WO1997003253A1 (fr) | 1995-07-10 | 1997-01-30 | Interface, Inc. | Materiau de bitume en feuilles modifie par de l'urethane et procede pour barriere contre l'humidite |
EP1013716A1 (fr) | 1998-12-24 | 2000-06-28 | Soprema S.A. | Composition résineuse monocomposante aux propriétés adhésives améliorées, notamment pour la réalisation d'étanchéités. |
WO2003091306A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-26 | 2003-11-06 | Crompton Corporation | Elastomeres de polyurethanne obtenus a partir de prepolymeres hdi avec un contenu reduit de monomeres hdi libres |
FR2844283A1 (fr) | 2002-09-11 | 2004-03-12 | Soprema | Membrane a base de liant bitumineux modifie polyrethanne et procede de fabrication |
FR2941461A1 (fr) * | 2009-01-29 | 2010-07-30 | Colas Sa | Obtention d'enrobe et de beton bitumeux a module eleve (eme et bbme) |
EP2868680A1 (fr) * | 2013-11-05 | 2015-05-06 | Soprema | Granulé de bitume et de polyuréthane élastomère thermoplastique, son procédé de préparation et ses utilisations |
US20150240082A1 (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-08-27 | Garland Industries, Inc. | Active Polymer Modification of Bitumen for Use in Roofing Materials |
EP3081599A1 (fr) | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-19 | Soprema | Liant d'origine végétale, compositions le comprenant et méthode pour diminuér la quantité de bitume pétrolier |
EP3081600A1 (fr) | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-19 | Soprema | Liant d'origine végétale, compositions le comprenant et méthode pour diminuer la quantité de bitume pétrolier |
EP3392285A1 (fr) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-24 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Polyuréthanes thermoplastiques aliphatiques, leur fabrication et leur utilisation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 8016-81-7 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20220195183A1 (en) | 2022-06-23 |
EP3959250A1 (fr) | 2022-03-02 |
AU2020263978A1 (en) | 2021-11-04 |
FR3095445A1 (fr) | 2020-10-30 |
CA3134960A1 (fr) | 2020-10-29 |
FR3095445B1 (fr) | 2022-06-03 |
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