WO2020215469A1 - 一种定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验方法 - Google Patents
一种定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- the invention relates to the technical field of mine water hazard grouting treatment, and in particular to a simulation test method for directional drilling and grouting slurry diffusion.
- Grouting to transform aquifers is an effective method to solve the threat of water inrush on confined water.
- the conventional grouting modification technology of coal seam floor currently adopted in our country is mainly based on downhole drilling. There are large drilling volume, uncontrollable drilling trajectory, short effective hole section, poor grouting reinforcement effect, and transportation in the unformed working face. In tunnels and return air tunnels, it is impossible to construct grouting to reinforce the boreholes, and cannot achieve regional advance reinforcement.
- Directional drilling and grouting use coal seam drilling progressive extension technology and drilling trajectory control technology to increase the rate of coal seam drilling, achieve precise drilling of deep holes, and conduct advanced detection of hidden water-conducting subsidence columns, faults and fissures in the aquifer area And grouting treatment, it has the advantages of advanced regional treatment, increasing the effective hole section of the borehole with water, advanced detection of the geological structure, accurate calculation of the water position, and improvement of the drilling crack rate, which greatly shortens the grouting reconstruction period in the later stage of the working face , It reduces the influence of downhole grouting on working face preparation, which is conducive to the normal succession of mining.
- Application No. 201810576987.X discloses a prefabricated cracked rock mass grouting test system and its use method under excavation stress. It is based on hydraulic fracturing technology and considering the mining stress field generated by excavation in the actual stope.
- the rock block is made into a complete large-scale rock mass sample, which is pre-made into a cracked rock mass under excavation stress, and then a grouting test is carried out.
- hydraulic fracturing at the top and arranging hierarchical servo-controlled loaders on the left and right sides and bottom of the rock, the purpose of applying different loads to the rock mass in different directions is realized.
- the relationship between the water pressure and the lateral loading stress is used to change the rock sample The direction of the maximum principal stress, which generates random cracks in the rock mass.
- Application No. 201710607066.0 discloses a visual simulation experiment device and method for grouting diffusion law of moving water and flowing sand formation, which includes an experiment box, a hydraulic control loading system, a vertical and lateral hydraulic loading mechanism, a two-liquid chemical grouting system and A test system connected to a computer.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a directional drilling grouting slurry diffusion simulation test method, which can simulate the study of the law of slurry diffusion under different crack types, roughness, crack opening, grouting pressure and slurry concentration under branch holes , It can realize the visualization effect of the grout diffusion path and range in the branch drilling, and provide a guarantee for the intuitive study of the factors and laws of the directional drilling grout diffusion.
- a simulation test method for directional borehole grouting slurry diffusion which adopts a simulation test system including a grouting test bench, a branch hole crack simulation system, a control system, a grouting system and a real-time monitoring system;
- the grouting test bench includes a test bench body, a main hole, and branch holes.
- the test bench body is a frame structure as a whole, and the main holes are provided with three groups, which are respectively located in the frame of the test bench body.
- the main hole is connected with the grouting system, and the grout is delivered to it through the grouting system;
- the branch holes are provided with several, which are arranged at intervals On the main hole, the slurry delivered by the grouting system sequentially passes through the main hole and the branch hole and then enters the branch hole crack simulation system;
- the branch hole crack simulation system includes a branch hole crack mold, the branch hole crack mold is magnetically attracted to the frame of the experimental bench body, and the frame is provided with a resin glass cover that matches it. body;
- the real-time monitoring system includes a sensor, and the sensor is buried in a reserved hole of the frame;
- a rotating shaft is connected below the main body of the test bench, and the main body of the test bench can realize multi-angle transformation through the rotation of the rotating shaft;
- the control system is used to control the simulation test system
- the branch hole crack mold as a whole is a grid-shaped structure composed of multiple blocks.
- the branch on the experimental platform body The hole crack mold can present branch hole cracks with different inclination angles;
- the simulation test method includes the following steps in sequence:
- the branch hole cracks of different shapes are branch hole cracks with variable geometric properties, cross-shaped branch hole cracks, ⁇ -shaped cross branch hole cracks and Y-shaped branch hole cracks.
- the material of the main hole is steel pipe, and a pressure gauge and a pressure relief switch are also provided on the main hole.
- the pressure gauge, pressure relief switch and branch hole are the same as those of the main hole. Connect by thread.
- the above-mentioned resin glass cover body is tightly attached to the above-mentioned experimental bench body by a locking screw.
- the above-mentioned rotating shaft is connected to the bottom of the above-mentioned experimental bench body by a gear.
- the main body of the test bench is driven to rotate through the rotating shaft, and the prefabricated mold on the main body of the test bench can realize multiple angle transformations, wherein each change corresponds to a different branch hole prefabricated crack;
- the test system used in the test method of the present invention can realize the study of the law of slurry diffusion under different planes of the branch hole (such as horizontal cracks and vertical cracks); it can simulate the study of the law of slurry diffusion under different types of prefabricated cracks in the branch hole; Research on the law of grout diffusion with different grouting pressure, branch hole layout and hole spacing, geometric properties of fractures, etc.; it can realize the visual study of the law of grout expansion in directional drilling; it can realize the real-time monitoring research of the law of grout expansion in directional drilling; Realize the comparative study of the slurry diffusion law under different influencing factors in the branch hole.
- test method of the present invention is simple to operate, and can clearly obtain the relationship between the slurry flow rate, temperature, grouting pressure, grouting concentration, grouting time, etc. under different influencing factors.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the directional drilling grouting slurry diffusion simulation test system used in the present invention
- Figure 2 is a side view of the simulation test system for directional drilling and grouting slurry diffusion used in the present invention, mainly showing the rotating shaft and the test bench body;
- Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the grouting system in the directional drilling grouting slurry diffusion simulation test system used in the present invention
- Fig. 4 is a diagram of a branch hole crack with variable geometric properties of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a cross-shaped branch hole crack view of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a crack diagram of the ⁇ -shaped cross branch hole of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is a crack diagram of Y-shaped branch hole of the present invention.
- Grouting experiment platform 2. Branch hole, 3. Plexiglas cover, 4. Locking screw, 5. Main hole, 6. Branch hole switch, 7. Rotating shaft, 8. Monitoring element, 9. , Pressure relief switch, 10, grouting pressure gauge, 11, branch hole cracks with variable geometric properties, 12, cross branch hole cracks, 13, ⁇ type cross branch hole cracks, 14, Y type branch hole cracks.
- the present invention proposes a directional drilling grouting slurry diffusion simulation test method.
- the test system selected by the present invention is a simulation test system for directional drilling and grouting slurry diffusion, which includes a grouting test bench, a branch hole crack simulation system, a control system, and a grouting system And real-time monitoring system.
- the structure and use method of the control system, grouting system and real-time monitoring system can be realized by referring to the existing technology.
- the control system can realize precise angle control of the test bench by sending instructions to the location area. Magnetic strength control.
- the test data obtained by the test bench in different states can be recorded to provide guarantee for the later data processing.
- the grouting system includes a grouting pump, grouting into the main hole 5 through the connecting pipeline of the grouting pump, the real-time monitoring system is monitored by a computer, and the grouting pressure, temperature, flow rate and other parameter sensors are embedded in the body of the grouting experiment bench in advance ,
- the real-time monitoring process can be completed by inputting the signal into the computer through sensor transmission.
- the experimental platform can pre-determine the rock fractures under different branch hole layouts and hole distances in drilling, and can realize the grout diffusion law under different angle branch holes in directional drilling (such as horizontal fracture and vertical fracture).
- Fissures which can simulate the study of different crack types, roughness, crack opening, grouting pressure and slurry concentration under the branch hole, and realize the visual effect of the slurry diffusion path and range in the branch hole, which is intuitive Research on the factors and laws of directional borehole grouting slurry diffusion influence to provide guarantee.
- the main technical solutions adopted are:
- the grouting test bench 1 includes the test bench body, the main hole 5 and the branch hole 2.
- the test bench body is a frame structure as a whole.
- the main hole is made of steel pipe and can be fixed on the test bench.
- the main hole 5 is provided with three groups, respectively located at The purpose of setting up the upper, middle and lower parts of the main body of the experimental platform is:
- mechanical tests generally require three sets of experiments to be contrasted, so that one parameter comparison can be completed in one experiment, which can save time and improve efficiency.
- the main hole 5 is connected to the grouting system, and the grout is delivered to it through the grouting system; there are several branch holes, which are arranged at intervals on the main hole, and the grout delivered by the grouting system passes through the main hole and the branch hole in turn Enter the branch hole crack simulation system;
- the branch hole crack simulation system includes a branch hole crack mold.
- the branch hole crack mold is magnetically adsorbed in the frame of the experimental bench body.
- the frame is provided with a matching Plexiglas cover 3, the Plexiglas cover 3 and the test bench body.
- the head is connected by the locking screw 4, and the two are closely attached together to prevent the slurry from spreading out.
- the Plexiglas cover can also realize visual observation, and the cracks can be observed through the Plexiglas cover.
- the real-time monitoring system includes sensors. The sensors are embedded in the reserved holes of the frame. The sensors are connected with the computer to realize real-time monitoring of cracks.
- a rotating shaft 7 is connected under the main body of the test bench, and the main body of the test bench can realize multi-angle transformation by rotating the rotating shaft 7; the control system is used to control the simulation test system; the branch hole 2, the grouting pressure gauge 10 and the pressure relief
- the switch 9 is connected to the main hole with a thread (thread), the prefabricated mold is magnetically adsorbed on the body of the test bench, and the sensor is embedded in the reserved hole on the test bench, and is sealed and leveled by solid glue.
- the rotating shaft under the test bench can realize the angle adjustment of the test bench.
- the rotating shaft and the bench are connected by gears, which can accurately control the angle adjustment.
- the monitoring element 8 is located on the main body of the experiment table, and can monitor temperature, slurry flow rate, and slurry concentration.
- the branch hole crack mold When the rotation axis is horizontal, the branch hole crack mold is a grid-shaped structure composed of multiple blocks.
- the branch hole crack mold on the experiment table body can present branch holes of different shapes
- the cracks as shown in Figures 4 to 7, respectively, have branch hole cracks 11, cross-shaped branch hole cracks 12, ⁇ -shaped branch hole cracks 13, and Y-shaped branch hole cracks 14 with variable geometric properties.
- the branch hole switch 6 is controlled by the solenoid valve.
- the two main hole valves are opened at the same time, which can simulate the simultaneous grouting of the main holes under different factors on both sides, and realize the image comparison of the slurry diffusion law under different influence factors. Diffusion of slurry under the crack morphology of branch holes.
- the slurry diffusion path during the grouting process is monitored by the video system of the real-time monitoring system throughout the entire process. After the test, the slurry diffusion characteristics at different times are studied through video recording. By arranging related monitoring elements, the slurry flow rate, temperature, and temperature under different influencing factors can be clearly obtained The relationship between grouting pressure, grouting concentration, grouting time, etc.
- test method of the present invention will be specifically described in conjunction with the above test system:
- a simulation test method for directional borehole grouting slurry diffusion specifically including the following steps:
- Step 1 Use Portland cement slurry as the grouting material, and load it into the grouting pump for grouting.
- the grouting pressure range is 0-8MPa;
- Step two according to the test requirements, check whether the sensor is intact, the prefabricated mold is constructed with branch holes and cracks, and then the Plexiglas cover is fastened with locking screws;
- Step 3 Adjust the grouting pressure to the proper position, turn on the pressure relief switch, make the grout inject into the cracks of the branch holes through the main hole, simulate the spreading process of the grout in different branch hole cracks, and do the grout diffusion range and grouting pressure. Real-time monitoring of parameters. After the grouting is finished, the slurry cleaning work is carried out.
- the invention can realize the research on the grouting slurry diffusion mechanism in the directional drilling room, can simulate the research on the slurry diffusion rule of the directional drilling branch hole, can realize the comparison analysis of the diffusion of two kinds of slurries at the same time, and can construct the branch hole cracks through the prefabricated mold, and the large area Visualization shows the law of slurry diffusion.
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Abstract
一种定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验方法，其所采用的试验系统包括注浆实验台（1）、分支孔裂隙模拟系统、控制系统、注浆系统及实时监测系统；通过在实验台上磁力吸附分支孔裂隙磨具，通过旋转轴旋转可使实验台本体实现多角度的变换，从而实现分支孔不同裂隙类型的模拟。预制定向钻探中不同分支孔布设和孔距下的岩体裂隙，可实现定向钻孔中不同角度分支孔下的浆液扩散规律，可模拟分支孔下不同裂隙类型、粗糙度、裂隙开度，注浆压力、浆液浓度下的浆液扩散规律的研究，可实现分支钻孔中浆液扩散路径及范围的可视化效果，为直观研究定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散影响因素和规律提供保障。
Description
本发明涉及矿井水害注浆治理的技术领域，具体涉及定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验方法。
随着浅部煤炭资源的枯竭和煤炭机械化的高强度开采，我国许多矿井相继转入深部和下组煤的开采。据《BP世界能源统计年鉴(2018)》统计，我国1000m以下的煤炭资源占比超过50％，但深部水文地质条件较浅部更为复杂，隐伏构造探查和治理难度明显加大，煤炭开采受水威胁更为严峻，高承压水突水灾害问题越来越严重。
注浆改造含水层是解决承压水上突水威胁问题的有效方法。我国目前采取的煤层底板常规注浆改造技术，主要以井下钻孔为主，存在钻孔量大、钻孔轨迹不可控、有效孔段较短、注浆加固效果差、在未形成工作面运输巷和回风巷时，无法施工注浆加固钻孔，不能实现区域超前加固等问题。定向钻探注浆利用煤层钻孔递进延伸技术和钻孔轨迹控制技术，提高煤层钻遇率，实现深孔的精准钻进，对含水层区域的隐伏导水陷落柱、断层和裂隙进行超前探测和注浆治理，具有超前区域治理、增加钻孔遇水有效孔段、超前探测地质构造、准确计算出水位置、提高钻遇裂隙率等优点，大幅缩短了工作面采场后期的注浆改造工期，减少了井下注浆对工作面准备的影响，有利于采掘正常接替。
目前定向钻探注浆中分支孔的布设及孔距大小、注浆压力与浆液扩散规律等方面往往根据现场工程实践的经验确定，对于定向钻孔浆液扩散规律及其影响因素的研究主要有：
申请号201810576987.X公开了一种开挖应力下预制含裂纹岩体注浆试验系统及使用方法，以水力压裂技术为基础，考虑实际采场中开挖所产生的采动应力场，将由岩块制作成完整的大尺度岩体试样预制成开挖应力下的含裂纹岩体，然后进行注浆试验。通过在顶端部实施水压致裂、岩石左右两侧和底部布置分级 伺服控制加载器，实现对岩体不同方向施加不同载荷的目的，利用水压与侧向加载应力间的关系，改变岩样所承受的最大主应力方向，从而在岩体内部随机生成裂纹。
申请号201710607066.0公开了一种动水流砂地层加固注浆扩散规律可视化模拟实验装置与方法，其包括实验箱体、水压控制加载系统、垂直、侧向液压加载机构、双液化学注浆系统和与计算机连接的测试系统。
上述现有技术虽同为注浆试验模拟设计，但受其外部条件约束，在岩石内部注浆和地层相似模拟条件下可视化程度不高。虽对裂隙起到填充作用，但浆液可选择性无法体现，不能确定裂隙几何属性对浆液扩散的影响以及最合适地浆液配比，不能实现定向钻探注浆隐蔽导水通道的试验模拟，达到水害治理由过程治理向源头预防、局部治理向区域治理的要求。
因此，非常有必要研制一种定向钻孔注浆的浆液扩散模拟试验系统，深入分析分支孔中浆液沿岩体裂隙扩散的影响因素的规律，为现场定向钻孔的高质量精准提供科学的指导。
发明概述
问题的解决方案
本发明的目的在于提供一种定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验方法，其可模拟分支孔下不同裂隙类型、粗糙度、裂隙开度，注浆压力、浆液浓度下的浆液扩散规律的研究，可实现分支钻孔中浆液扩散路径及范围的可视化效果，为直观研究定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散影响因素和规律提供保障。
其技术解决方案包括：
一种定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验方法，其所采用的模拟试验系统包括注浆实验台、分支孔裂隙模拟系统、控制系统、注浆系统及实时监测系统；
所述的注浆实验台包括实验台本体、主孔及分支孔，所述的实验台本体整体为一框体结构，所述的主孔设置有三组，分别位于所述实验台本体框体的上部、中部和下部，所述的主孔与所述的注浆系统相连，并通过所述的注浆系统向其 输送浆液；所述的分支孔设置有若干个，其呈间隔排列分布在所述的主孔上，所述的注浆系统输送的浆液依次经所述主孔、分支孔后进入所述的分支孔裂隙模拟系统；
所述的分支孔裂隙模拟系统包括分支孔裂隙模具，所述的分支孔裂隙模具通过磁力吸附在所述的实验台本体的框体内，所述的框体设置有与之相匹配的树脂玻璃盖体；
所述的实时监测系统包括传感器，所述的传感器埋设在所述框体的预留孔内；
所述的实验台本体的下方连接有旋转轴，通过所述的旋转轴旋转可使实验台本体实现多角度的变换；
所述的控制系统用于对所述的模拟试验系统进行控制；
当所述的旋转轴呈水平时，所述的分支孔裂隙模具整体是由多块块体组成的网格形结构，当所述实验台本体进行旋转时，位于所述实验台本体上的分支孔裂隙模具可呈现不同倾斜角度的分支孔裂隙；
所述的模拟试验方法依次包括以下步骤：
a、以硅酸盐水泥浆液作为主要注浆材料，将其装入注浆系统的注浆泵中，以待注浆使用；
b、检查传感器是否完好，预制模具构造出分支孔裂隙，再将树脂玻璃盖体固定在实验台本体上；
c、调节注浆压力，打开泄压开关，注浆泵中的浆液依次经主孔、分支孔进入分支孔裂隙，即可模拟浆液在不同分支孔裂隙形态下的扩散过程，获取相关参数并结合专业知识即可展开理论分析；
d、注浆结束后，进行浆液的清理工作。
作为本发明的一个优选方案，不同形状的分支孔裂隙为可变几何属性的分支孔裂隙、十字形分支孔裂隙、※型交叉分支孔裂隙及Y形分支孔裂隙。
作为本发明的另一个优选方案，上述的主孔材质为钢管，在上述的主孔上还设置有压力表和泄压开关，上述的压力表、泄压开关及分支孔与上述的主孔均通过螺纹连接。
进一步的，上述的树脂玻璃盖体通过锁紧螺丝与上述的实验台本体紧密贴合在 一起。
进一步的，上述的旋转轴与上述的实验台本体的下方通过齿轮连接。
发明的有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明带来了以下有益技术效果：
本发明试验方法所采用的试验系统，通过旋转轴带动实验台本体旋转，位于实验台本体上的预制模具可实现多个角度的变换，其中每种变换对应一个不同的分支孔预制裂隙；
本发明试验方法所采用的试验系统，可实现分支孔不同平面下的浆液扩散规律的研究(如水平裂隙和垂直裂隙)；可模拟分支孔中预制不同类型裂隙下的浆液扩散规律研究；可模拟不同注浆压力、分支孔布设和孔距、裂隙几何属性等的浆液扩散规律研究；可实现定向钻孔中浆液扩展规律的可视化研究；可实现定向钻孔中浆液扩展规律的实时监测研究；可实现分支孔中不同影响因素下浆液扩散规律的对比研究。
本发明试验方法，操作简单，可以清晰地获得不同影响因素下浆液流速、温度、注浆压力、注浆浓度、注浆时间等之间的关系。
对附图的简要说明
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明：
图1为本发明所采用的定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验系统的主要结构示意图；
图2为本发明所采用的定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验系统的侧视图，主要示出了旋转轴与实验台本体；
图3为本发明所采用的定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验系统中注浆系统的结构示意图；
图4为本发明可变几何属性的分支孔裂隙图；
图5为本发明十字形分支孔裂隙图；
图6为本发明※形交叉分支孔裂隙图；
图7为本发明Y形分支孔裂隙图；
图中，1、注浆实验台，2、分支孔，3、树脂玻璃盖体，4、锁紧螺丝，5、主孔，6、分支孔开关，7、旋转轴，8、监测元件，9、泄压开关，10、注浆压力表，11、可变几何属性的分支孔裂隙，12、十字型分支孔裂隙，13、※型交叉分支孔裂隙，14、Y型分支孔裂隙。
发明实施例
本发明提出了一种定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验方法，为了使本发明的优点、技术方案更加清楚、明确，下面结合具体实施例对本发明做详细说明。
结合图1至图3所示，本发明所选用的试验系统，一种定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验系统，其包括注浆实验台、分支孔裂隙模拟系统、控制系统、注浆系统及实时监测系统，其中，控制系统、注浆系统及实时监测系统的结构及使用方法借鉴现有技术即可实现，如控制系统可实现通过发送指令到位置区域，对实验台实现精准角度控制以及磁力强弱控制。同时可记录试验台在不同状态获取的试验数据，为后期数据处理提供保障。
注浆系统包括注浆泵，通过注浆泵连接管路向主孔5中注浆，实时监测系统如通过计算机进行监测，在注浆实验台本体上预先埋设注浆压力、温度、流速等参数传感器，通过传感器传输将信号输入计算机即可完成实时监测过程。在此与现有技术类似或者本领域技术人员借鉴现有技术能够实现之处，本文不再详细冗述。
作为本发明的一个主要改进点，实验台可预制定向钻探中不同分支孔布设和孔距下的岩体裂隙，可实现定向钻孔中不同角度分支孔下的浆液扩散规律(如水平裂隙和垂直裂隙)，可模拟分支孔下不同裂隙类型、粗糙度、裂隙开度，注浆压力、浆液浓度下的浆液扩散规律的研究，可实现分支钻孔中浆液扩散路径及范围的可视化效果，为直观研究定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散影响因素和规律提供保障。其主要采用的技术方案为：
注浆实验台1包括实验台本体、主孔5及分支孔2，实验台本体整体为一框体结构，主孔材质为钢管，可固定在试验台上，主孔5设置有三组，分别位于实验台 本体框体的上部、中部和下部，这样设置的目的在于：通常力学试验普遍要求三组实验形成对照，这样就可以一次实验完成一个参数的对比，可节省时间，提高效率。主孔5与注浆系统相连，并通过注浆系统向其输送浆液；分支孔设置有若干个，其呈间隔排列分布在主孔上，注浆系统输送的浆液依次经主孔、分支孔后进入分支孔裂隙模拟系统；
分支孔裂隙模拟系统包括分支孔裂隙模具，分支孔裂隙模具通过磁力吸附在实验台本体的框体内，框体设置有与之相匹配的树脂玻璃盖体3，树脂玻璃盖体3与实验台本体头通过锁紧螺丝4连接，二者并紧密贴合在一起，防止浆液扩散外流。树脂玻璃盖体还可以实现可视化观测，可透过树脂玻璃盖体观测到裂隙情况。实时监测系统包括传感器，传感器埋设在框体的预留孔内，传感器与计算机连接，可以实现对裂缝的实时监测。
实验台本体的下方连接有旋转轴7，通过旋转轴7旋转可使实验台本体实现多角度的变换；控制系统用于对模拟试验系统进行控制；分支孔2、注浆压力表10和泄压开关9与主孔丝扣(螺纹)连接，预制模具磁力吸附在实验台本体上，传感器埋设于试验台面预留孔内，通过固体胶密封找平。位于试验台面下的旋转轴可实现试验台角度调节，转轴与台面为齿轮连接，可精确控制角度调节。监测元件8位于实验台本体上，可对温度、浆液流速、浆液浓度进行监测。
当旋转轴呈水平时，分支孔裂隙模具整体是由多块块体组成的网格形结构，当实验台本体进行旋转时，位于实验台本体上的分支孔裂隙模具可呈现不同形状的分支孔裂隙，具体见图4至图7所示，分别有可变几何属性的分支孔裂隙11、十字形分支孔裂隙12、※型交叉分支孔裂隙13及Y形分支孔裂隙14。
通过电磁阀控制分支孔开关6，在达到预定压力下两个主孔阀门同时打开，可模拟双侧不同因素下主孔的同时注浆，实现不同影响因素下浆液扩散规律的形象对比，观测不同分支孔裂隙形态下的浆液扩散情况。注浆过程中的浆液扩散路径由实时监测系统的录像系统全程监控，试验结束后通过录像研究不同时刻浆液扩散特征，通过布设相关的监测元件，可以清晰地获得不同影响因素下浆液流速、温度、注浆压力、注浆浓度、注浆时间等之间的关系。
下面结合上述试验系统对本发明的试验方法做具体说明：
一种定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验方法，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤一，采用硅酸盐水泥浆液作为注浆材料，将其装入注浆泵中，以待注浆使用，注浆压力范围为0-8MPa；
步骤二，根据试验要求，检查传感器是否完好，预制模具构造出分支孔裂隙，再将树脂玻璃盖板用锁紧螺丝紧固；
步骤三，将注浆压力调至适当位置，打开泄压开关，使浆液经主孔注入分支孔裂隙，模拟浆液在不同分支孔裂隙形态下的扩散过程，做好浆液扩散范围及注浆压力等参数的实时监测，注浆结束后，进行浆液的清理工作。
本发明可以实现定向钻孔室内注浆浆液扩散机理研究，可模拟定向钻孔分支孔浆液扩散规律研究，可实现同时加注两种浆液扩散对比分析，可通过预制模具构造分支孔裂隙，大面积可视化呈现浆液扩散规律。
本发明未述及的部分借鉴现有技术即可实现。
需要说明的是：在本说明书的教导下本领域技术人员所做出的任何等同方式，或明显变型方式均应在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
- 一种定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验方法，其特征在于，其所采用的模拟试验系统包括注浆实验台、分支孔裂隙模拟系统、控制系统、注浆系统及实时监测系统；所述的注浆实验台包括实验台本体、主孔及分支孔，所述的实验台本体整体为一框体结构，所述的主孔设置有三组，分别位于所述实验台本体框体的上部、中部和下部，所述的主孔与所述的注浆系统相连，并通过所述的注浆系统向其输送浆液；所述的分支孔设置有若干个，其呈间隔排列分布在所述的主孔上，所述的注浆系统输送的浆液依次经所述主孔、分支孔后进入所述的分支孔裂隙模拟系统；所述的分支孔裂隙模拟系统包括分支孔裂隙模具，所述的分支孔裂隙模具通过磁力吸附在所述的实验台本体的框体内，所述的框体设置有与之相匹配的树脂玻璃盖体；所述的实时监测系统包括传感器，所述的传感器埋设在所述框体的预留孔内；所述的实验台本体的下方连接有旋转轴，通过所述的旋转轴旋转可使实验台本体实现多角度的变换；所述的控制系统用于对所述的模拟试验系统进行控制；当所述的旋转轴呈水平时，所述的分支孔裂隙模具整体是由多块块体组成的网格形结构，当所述实验台本体进行旋转时，位于所述实验台本体上的分支孔裂隙模具可呈现不同倾斜角度的分支孔裂隙；所述的模拟试验方法依次包括以下步骤：a、以硅酸盐水泥浆液作为主要注浆材料，将其装入注浆系统的注浆泵中，以待注浆使用；b、检查传感器是否完好，预制模具构造出分支孔裂隙，再将树脂玻璃盖体固定在实验台本体上；c、调节注浆压力，打开泄压开关，注浆泵中的浆液依次经主孔、分支孔进入分支孔裂隙，即可模拟浆液在不同分支孔裂隙形态下的扩散过程，获取相关参数并结合专业知识即可展开理论分析；d、注浆结束后，进行浆液的清理工作。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验方法，其特征在于：不同形状的分支孔裂隙为可变几何属性的分支孔裂隙、十字形分支孔裂隙、※型交叉分支孔裂隙及Y形分支孔裂隙。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验方法，其特征在于：所述的主孔材质为钢管，在所述的主孔上还设置有压力表和泄压开关，所述的压力表、泄压开关及分支孔与所述的主孔均通过螺纹连接。
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验方法，其特征在于：所述的树脂玻璃盖体通过锁紧螺丝与所述的实验台本体紧密贴合在一起。
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种定向钻孔注浆浆液扩散的模拟试验方法，其特征在于：所述的旋转轴与所述的实验台本体的下方通过齿轮连接。
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| WO2024012419A1 (zh) * | 2022-07-13 | 2024-01-18 | 河南理工大学 | 一种煤岩裂隙可视化注浆装置及试验方法 |
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| CN116223776A (zh) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-06-06 | 山东科技大学 | 一种岩体裂隙面强度影响支撑剂嵌入与运移试验方法 |
| CN116625863A (zh) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-08-22 | 同济大学 | 研究注浆与裂隙形貌交互影响的可视化测试装置及方法 |
| CN116930032A (zh) * | 2023-07-06 | 2023-10-24 | 东北大学 | 可调节裂隙交叉角的交叉裂隙溶质运移试验装置及方法 |
| WO2025124395A1 (zh) * | 2023-12-11 | 2025-06-19 | 山东大学 | 高温富水充填裂隙注浆模拟试验系统及方法 |
| CN120105546A (zh) * | 2025-02-18 | 2025-06-06 | 中铁一局集团有限公司 | 一种用于生成隧道断面注浆模型的方法及系统 |
| CN121562494A (zh) * | 2026-01-21 | 2026-02-24 | 中国石油大学(华东) | 一种裂隙岩体注浆扩散与压力消散过程的一体化计算方法 |
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| CN110108838B (zh) | 2020-09-29 |
| CN110108838A (zh) | 2019-08-09 |
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