WO2020211434A1 - 一种立式低温液体离心泵 - Google Patents

一种立式低温液体离心泵 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020211434A1
WO2020211434A1 PCT/CN2019/127311 CN2019127311W WO2020211434A1 WO 2020211434 A1 WO2020211434 A1 WO 2020211434A1 CN 2019127311 W CN2019127311 W CN 2019127311W WO 2020211434 A1 WO2020211434 A1 WO 2020211434A1
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Prior art keywords
rotating shaft
impeller
low
centrifugal pump
cryogenic liquid
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PCT/CN2019/127311
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩瑞雄
张祥镇
葛锐
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中国科学院高能物理研究所
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Priority to AU2019440859A priority Critical patent/AU2019440859B2/en
Publication of WO2020211434A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020211434A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D13/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D13/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D13/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F04D29/043—Shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • F04D29/10—Shaft sealings
    • F04D29/12—Shaft sealings using sealing-rings
    • F04D29/126—Shaft sealings using sealing-rings especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2238—Special flow patterns
    • F04D29/225—Channel wheels, e.g. one blade or one flow channel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/586—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F04D29/5893—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for liquid pumps heat insulation or conduction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D7/00—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04D7/02—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/161—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of conveying low-boiling-point cryogenic liquids, and relates to a vertical cryogenic liquid centrifugal pump in a vacuum container.
  • Cryogenic liquid mainly refers to liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium and other liquefied gases with a temperature lower than 120K. Due to the low boiling point and low latent heat of vaporization, it is not easy to obtain and store, and long-distance transportation is expensive.
  • pressurization There are generally two solutions for conveying cryogenic liquids: pressurization and mechanical pumps.
  • the solution to drive liquid delivery by increasing the pressure requires the equipment to increase the pressure level, which will increase the cost and change the entire system process.
  • the mechanical pump delivery solution can Avoid the above problems, but require the mechanical pump to have good performance.
  • the application publication number is CN106224246A patent application, which discloses a low leakage small low temperature centrifugal pump for vacuum cold box.
  • the supporting bearing of the rotating shaft of this scheme is placed in a low temperature environment close to the impeller.
  • Most of the frictional heat generated during operation enters the low temperature liquid, which causes a large amount of low temperature liquid consumption and generates a large amount of low temperature gas.
  • the transition section does not adopt a thermal insulation protection structure, so that low-temperature gas will diffuse upwards.
  • the rotating shaft extending to the low-temperature part adopts a solid structure, which has a large conduction heat leakage. Frosting and condensation will occur in the room temperature part, which will affect the sealing performance at room temperature.
  • the application publication number is CN108716469A patent application, which discloses an ultra-low temperature high-speed micro-leakage centrifugal pump.
  • This solution also installs a support bearing near the impeller in a low temperature environment, which will also cause most of the frictional heat to be transferred to the cryogenic liquid, resulting in a large amount of cryogenic liquid consumption.
  • the insulation protection structure is adopted in the transition section between room temperature and normal temperature, there will still be a large amount of low temperature gas leaking into the room temperature motor at the top vacuum flange, resulting in convective heat transfer.
  • the rotating shaft adopts a split design and the scheme of connecting metal and non-metal materials, which determines the mechanical stability of the rotating shaft is reduced.
  • its partial flow impeller type design determines the efficiency of the centrifugal pump.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a vertical cryogenic liquid centrifugal pump with low heat leakage, high efficiency, and high reliability suitable for cryogenic liquid in a vacuum environment with low flow and high head.
  • a vertical cryogenic liquid centrifugal pump which is characterized in that it comprises a rotating shaft, a motor assembly in a room temperature environment, a low temperature insulation protection structure in a low temperature environment, and an impeller assembly.
  • the motor assembly includes a supporting bearing, a dynamic sealing structure and a vacuum method.
  • the vacuum flange is used to isolate the room temperature environment and the low-temperature vacuum environment, and the dynamic sealing structure is arranged at the vacuum flange;
  • the support bearing of the motor assembly is matched with one end of the rotating shaft for passing the support bearing Drive the rotating shaft to rotate; the other end of the rotating shaft extends through the dynamic sealing structure and the vacuum flange to a low temperature environment, and is connected to the impeller assembly;
  • the impeller assembly includes an impeller and is arranged at the front end of the impeller The inducer;
  • the low-temperature insulation protection structure is provided on the periphery of the rotating shaft between the impeller assembly and the vacuum flange.
  • the low-temperature thermal insulation protection structure includes an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, and a plurality of horizontal protection baffles located between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, each of the horizontal protection baffles is connected to the inner sleeve, and There is a gap between the outer sleeve and the outer sleeve; the rotating shaft passes through the inner sleeve and is connected to the impeller assembly.
  • the impeller assembly includes a volute, the impeller and the inducer are located in the volute, the volute is connected to the outer cylinder of the low-temperature insulation protection structure, and the bottom vertical position of the volute is the liquid inlet The horizontal radial position of the mouth and bottom is the liquid outlet.
  • the impeller is of a full flow type, and the inducer is the front stage of the impeller.
  • the dynamic sealing structure includes a top cover and a bottom cover plate that are hermetically connected, a bottom baffle and a top baffle are arranged between the top cover and the bottom cover, and the bottom baffle and the top baffle Multiple layers of alternating intermediate baffles and carbon ring sealing sheets are provided; the dynamic sealing structure is fixed on the vacuum flange and is hermetically connected with the motor in the motor assembly.
  • a section of the rotating shaft located in a room temperature environment has a solid structure
  • a section of the rotating shaft located in a low temperature environment has a hollow structure
  • the end of a section of the rotating shaft located in a low temperature environment is provided with a mounting hole with internal threads, and the impeller and the inducer are fixed in the form of bolt connection, wherein the direction of the internal thread is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotating shaft.
  • the motor, support bearing and dynamic sealing structure in the motor assembly are integrated to form a closed cavity.
  • the motor assembly includes a frequency converter for controlling the rotation speed of the motor in the motor assembly.
  • the vertical low-temperature liquid centrifugal pump of the present invention includes a motor assembly, an impeller assembly, a low-temperature insulation protection assembly connected to the rotating shaft of the motor and the impeller, and a transition section.
  • the motor is integrated with the mechanical rolling support bearing and the dynamic seal structure and placed in a room temperature environment.
  • the impeller, inducer and volute are combined in a low temperature liquid environment.
  • the room temperature motor and the low temperature impeller are connected by a rotating shaft.
  • the motor components are at room temperature
  • the impeller and the front inducer are immersed in low temperature liquid
  • the two supporting bearings of the rotating shaft are placed at the room temperature end
  • the rotating shaft is from the room temperature area. Extend to the low temperature area, and transmit the power of the motor to the impeller and the front inducer.
  • a dynamic sealing structure is installed at the room temperature flange, and a low-temperature insulation protection structure is adopted in the transition section to prevent a large amount of volatile gas from convection and upward diffusion into the motor cavity.
  • the present invention is further configured as follows: the two supporting bearings of the rotating shaft are both placed in the room temperature motor, the rotating shaft extends from the room temperature area to the low temperature area, and is connected with the impeller and the inducer placed in the low temperature liquid. Some use solid structure, and the low temperature section uses hollow structure.
  • the support bearing placed at room temperature can reduce the heat generated by mechanical friction into the liquid and cause the consumption of cryogenic liquid, and to improve the efficiency and reliability of the centrifugal pump, the hollow structure of the low temperature part of the rotating shaft can reduce the cross-sectional area of heat conduction , The extended setting can increase the heat conduction path, thereby reducing heat conduction and heat leakage.
  • the present invention is further configured as follows: the vacuum flange of the motor is provided with a dynamic sealing structure, and the transition section adopts a low-temperature insulation protection structure.
  • the low-temperature gas generated by the volatilization of the low-temperature liquid is prevented from generating vortex and upward disturbance and diffusion, and a large amount of low-temperature gas enters the motor cavity to affect it.
  • a very small amount of gas enters the motor through the tiny gap of the dynamic seal structure to achieve a cooling effect.
  • the motor is a closed cavity and does not leak to the external environment.
  • the dynamic sealing structure adopts a multi-layer laminated sheet type, and is connected with the vacuum flange.
  • the multi-stage series connection can reduce the gas leakage rate, and at the same time can prevent a large amount of volatile low-temperature gas from entering the room temperature end and causing violent heat exchange with the external environment, resulting in frosting and condensation on the surface of the room temperature, which affects the room temperature sealing performance.
  • the present invention is further configured as follows: the inner and outer sleeves of the low-temperature thermal insulation protection structure adopt thin-walled pipes, and the intermediate interlayer between the inner and outer sleeves adopts several horizontal protective baffles.
  • the inner and outer cylinders connecting room temperature and low temperature can reduce heat conduction and heat leakage by extending the heat conduction path and reducing the cross-sectional area.
  • the horizontal baffle can prevent a large amount of volatilized low temperature gas from diffusing upwards and reduce convection. heat.
  • the present invention is further configured as follows: the impeller is of a full-flow type, and the inducer is also set as the front stage part.
  • the full-flow type impeller can avoid the generation of unbalanced axial force and improve the efficiency.
  • the setting of the front-stage inducer further improves the suction performance.
  • the invention is further configured as follows: the low-temperature centrifugal pump has a vertical structure, and the extension of the rotating shaft can be optimized.
  • the vertical structure can reduce the lateral displacement of the extension end of the rotating shaft, and the extension length can be optimized according to the low temperature medium and parameters, which can reduce low temperature heat leakage and improve mechanical stability.
  • the present invention is further configured to set a frequency converter to adjust the speed of the motor.
  • the inverter can be set to adjust the motor speed according to the change of the low temperature liquid load, and achieve the effect of energy saving.
  • the motor, the support bearing, and the dynamic seal structure are integrated and placed in a room temperature environment, the full-flow impeller and the front-stage inducer are placed in a low temperature environment, and the two supporting points of the rotating shaft are at room temperature and extend to low temperatures. It is connected with the impeller and the inducer to form a vertical "cantilever beam" support scheme, which can achieve the effects of low heat leakage, high efficiency and high reliability.
  • low thermal load The two supporting bearings of the rotating shaft are both placed at room temperature, and there is no support bearing in the low-temperature liquid environment to avoid the heat generated by friction during operation from entering the low-temperature liquid, and the rotating shaft is extended to low temperature in the form of a hollow structure Area, increase the heat conduction path and reduce the cross-sectional area to reduce heat conduction and heat leakage.
  • thin-walled pipes are used for the inner and outer pipes of the low-temperature insulation protection structure to further reduce heat conduction and heat leakage.
  • the dynamic sealing structure and low-temperature insulation protection structure at the room temperature flange can prevent the volatile low-temperature gas from spreading upward, forming a vortex phenomenon, and reducing convective heat transfer.
  • high efficiency the combined use of full-flow impeller and front-stage inducer improves operating efficiency and suction performance. At the same time, low thermal load reduces liquid consumption and further improves operating efficiency.
  • the motor, the supporting bearing of the rotating shaft and the dynamic sealing structure are all placed in a room temperature environment, not placed in a low-temperature liquid environment, with a long operating cycle, high reliability and convenient maintenance.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the cryogenic liquid centrifugal pump of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a structural diagram of low temperature insulation protection
  • Figure 3 is an assembly diagram of the impeller, inducer and volute
  • Figure 4 is a structural diagram of the dynamic seal.
  • 1-motor assembly 2-rotating shaft, 3-low-temperature insulation protection assembly, 4-impeller assembly;
  • baffle 131-bottom baffle, 132-carbon ring seal, 133-middle baffle, 134-top baffle, 135-seal, 136-top cover, 137-bolt, 138-bottom cover plate.
  • a vertical cryogenic liquid centrifugal pump as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3, includes a motor assembly 1, a rotating shaft 2, a transition section low temperature insulation protection assembly 3, and an impeller assembly 4.
  • the motor assembly 1 includes a mechanical rolling support bearing 11, a frequency converter 12, a dynamic seal structure 13 and a vacuum flange 14.
  • the low-temperature insulation protection structure 3 includes an outer sleeve 31, an inner sleeve 32 and several horizontal protective baffles 33; an impeller assembly 4 It includes an impeller 41, an inducer 42 and a volute 43.
  • the motor, mechanical rolling support bearing and dynamic sealing structure are integrated and placed in a room temperature environment.
  • the impeller, inducer and volute combination are placed in a low-temperature liquid environment, and the shaft is rotated
  • the power of the motor is transmitted to the impeller and the front inducer.
  • the vacuum flange isolates the external environment and the vacuum cavity, and the cryogenic liquid is located in the volute.
  • the heat dissipation fin structure of the motor is made of aluminum alloy or yellow. Copper material is used to strengthen heat exchange with the external environment, and a frequency converter is installed on the motor to adjust its speed.
  • the dynamic sealing structure 13 adopts a multi-layer sealing laminated scheme, including a stainless steel bottom baffle 131, a middle baffle 133, a top baffle 134, a carbon ring sealing sheet 132, a stainless steel top cover 136 and a bottom cover
  • the plate 138 and other components, especially the seal ring 132 in contact with the rotating shaft is made of wear-resistant graphite material.
  • the dynamic sealing structure is fixed on the flange of the motor through bolt connection, and realizes a sealed connection with the motor.
  • the impeller and the front-stage inducer are made of 316L stainless steel or aluminum alloy, and they are combined and connected to the rotating shaft by bolts.
  • the material of the rotating shaft is 316L stainless steel
  • the room temperature part adopts a solid structure
  • the low temperature part adopts a hollow structure.
  • the two sections are processed separately and then assembled and welded. After welding, they are processed to ensure their mechanical accuracy.
  • the threaded mounting hole adopts the form of bolt connection to fix the impeller and the front-stage inducer. At the same time, the thread direction is opposite to the rotation direction of the rotating shaft to achieve a self-locking effect.
  • the low-temperature insulation protection structure of the transition section is made of 316L stainless steel.
  • the outer sleeve and the inner sleeve are thinner.
  • Several horizontal protection baffles are spot-welded with the inner sleeve and are connected to the outer sleeve at the same time. There is a small gap for easy assembly.
  • the material of the volute is 316L stainless steel or aluminum alloy, which is connected to the outer cylinder of the low-temperature insulation protection structure.
  • the bottom of the volute is the liquid inlet in the vertical position, and the horizontal radial position is the liquid outlet.
  • the motor drives the impeller to rotate, and the cryogenic liquid is sucked in from the liquid inlet and discharged from the liquid outlet.
  • the motor, the supporting bearing and the dynamic sealing mechanism are integrated and placed in a room temperature environment.
  • the full-flow impeller and the front-stage inducer are placed in a low temperature environment.
  • the two supporting bearings of the rotating shaft are placed at room temperature.
  • One end of the rotating shaft extends to the low temperature environment.
  • the impeller and the inducer are connected to form a vertical "cantilever beam" support scheme, and the whole is placed vertically. This scheme can achieve the effects of low heat leakage, high efficiency and high reliability.
  • Low thermal load is achieved by the following scheme: all supporting bearings of the rotating shaft are placed at room temperature, and there is no supporting bearing in the low-temperature liquid environment to prevent the heat generated by friction during operation from entering the low-temperature liquid, and the rotating shaft is extended to the low-temperature area in the form of a hollow structure , Increase the heat conduction path and reduce the cross-sectional area to reduce the heat transfer value.
  • the dynamic sealing structure and low-temperature insulation protection structure at the room temperature flange can avoid a large amount of volatile low-temperature gas vortex disturbance, and diffuse upward, reducing convection heat transfer.
  • High efficiency is achieved through the following scheme: the combined use of a full-flow impeller and a front-stage inducer can improve operating efficiency and suction performance. At the same time, low thermal load reduces liquid consumption and further improves operating efficiency.
  • the motor, the supporting bearing of the rotating shaft and the dynamic sealing structure are all placed in a normal temperature environment, not placed in a low-temperature liquid environment, long operating periods, high reliability, and convenient maintenance.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一种立式低温液体离心泵，包括转动轴（2）、处于室温环境的电机组件（1）、处于低温环境的低温绝热防护结构（3）及叶轮组件（4），电机组件（1）包括支撑轴承（11）、动密封结构（13）和真空法兰（14），通过真空法兰（14）隔离室温环境和低温环境，且真空法兰（14）处设置动密封结构（13）；支撑轴承（11）与转动轴（2）一端配合；转动轴（1）的另一端穿过动密封结构（13）和真空法兰（14）延伸至低温环境，与叶轮组件（4）连接；叶轮组件（4）与真空法兰（14）之间的转动轴（2）外围设置低温绝热防护结构（3）。该离心泵可以实现低漏热、高效率、高可靠性的效果。

Description

一种立式低温液体离心泵 技术领域
本发明涉及低沸点的低温液体的输送领域，涉及一种处于真空容器内的立式低温液体离心泵。
背景技术
低温液体主要是指液氮、液氢、液氦等温度低于120K的液化气体，由于沸点低、气化潜热小，所以不易获得及保存，远距离输送消耗较大。输送低温液体一般有加压及机械泵两种方案，通过提高压力来驱动液体输送的方案，要求设备提高承压等级，就会带来成本的增加及整个系统流程的改变，机械泵输送方案可以避免上述问题，但是要求机械泵有很好的性能。
现有低温流体离心泵大多应用于空分行业或其他非真空环境的大流量、低扬程，对漏热要求不是很严格的场合。针对低温流体在小流量、高扬程，对漏热要求较高的场合，研发的离心泵较少，而现有的技术中主要存在以下问题：1)整体结构方案的特点导致室温的热量大量进入低温液体中，造成低温液体消耗大，效率低；2)转动轴的支撑轴承置于低温环境，运行过程中机械摩擦产生的热量全部进入低温液体中，对低温液体的消耗较大，同时低温轴承存在寿命短、可靠性低、维护不便、造价高等问题；3)单纯采用部分流型式的叶轮，效率低；4)低温介质单一，适用范围小；5)方案太过笼统，没有进行具体细化结构。
申请公布号为CN106224246A的专利申请，其公开了一种真空冷箱用低漏热小型低温离心泵。此方案转动轴的支撑轴承置于低温环境靠近叶轮的位置，在运行中产生的摩擦热量绝大部分进入低温液体中，带来低温液体的大量消耗，产生大量的低温气体，因在室温与常温的过渡段未采用绝热防护结构，从而低温气体会向上扩散，在顶部真空法兰处有大量的对流换热，同时延伸到低温部分的转动轴采用实心结构，具有较大的传导漏热，在室温的部分会产生结霜与结露等现象，对室温的密封性能产生影响。
申请公布号为CN108716469A的专利申请，其公开了一种超低温的高速微漏热离心泵。此方案同样在低温环境靠近叶轮的地方设置支撑轴承，同样会使摩擦热量绝大部分进行低温液体中，带来低温液体的大量消耗。虽然在室温与常温的过渡段采用绝热防护结构，但是在顶部真空法兰处依然会有大量的低温气体泄漏进入室温电机内，产生对流换热。同时转动轴采用分体设计及金属与非金属材料连接的方案，决定了转动轴的机械稳定性降低。此外，其部分流叶轮型式设计决定了离心泵的效率降低。
因此需要提出一种新的方案来解决这些问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种适用于低温液体在小流量、高扬程的真空环境下，具有低漏热、高效率、高可靠性的立式低温液体离心泵。
本发明的技术方案为：
一种立式低温液体离心泵，其特征在于，包括转动轴、处于室温环境的电机组件、处于低温环境的低温绝热防护结构及叶轮组件，所述电机组件包括支撑轴承、动密封结构和真空法兰，通过所述真空法兰隔离室温环境和低温真空环境，且所述真空法兰处设置所述动密封结构；所述电机组件的支撑轴承与所述转动轴一端配合，用于通过支撑轴承驱动所述转动轴转动；所述转动轴的另一端穿过所述动密封结构和所述真空法兰延伸至低温环境，与所述叶轮组件连接；所述叶轮组件包括叶轮和设置于叶轮前端的诱导轮；所述叶轮组件与所述真空法兰之间的转动轴外围设置所述低温绝热防护结构。
进一步的，所述低温绝热防护结构包括外套管、内套管以及位于内套管与外套管之间的若干水平防护挡板，各所述水平防护挡板分别与所述内套管连接，且与外套管之间留有缝隙；所述转动轴穿过所述内套管与所述叶轮组件连接。
进一步的，所述叶轮组件包括一蜗壳，所述叶轮、诱导轮位于所述蜗壳内，所述蜗壳与所述低温绝热防护结构的外筒连接，蜗壳的底部垂直位置为进液口、底部水平径向位置为出液口。
进一步的，所述叶轮为全流型式，所述诱导轮为所述叶轮的前级。
进一步的，所述动密封结构包括密封连接的顶盖和底盖板，所述顶盖与底盖板之间设置有底挡板和顶挡板，所述底挡板与顶挡板之间设置有多层交替的中间挡板和碳环密封片；所述动密封结构固定在所述真空法兰上，并与所述电机组件中的电机密封连接。
进一步的，位于室温环境内的一段所述转动轴为实心结构，位于低温环境内的一段所述转动轴为空心结构。
进一步的，位于低温环境内的一段所述转动轴的末端设置带有内螺纹的安装孔，采用螺栓连接的形式固定叶轮及诱导轮，其中内螺纹方向与转动轴的旋转方向相反。
进一步的，所述电机组件中的电机、支撑轴承及动密封结构集成一体，形成封闭的腔体。
进一步的，所述电机组件包括一变频器，用于控制所述电机组件中的电机转速。
本发明的立式低温液体离心泵，包括电机组件、叶轮组件、连接于电机与叶轮的转动轴及过渡段的低温绝热防护组件。其中电机与机械滚动支撑轴承及动密封结构集成一体置于室温环境，叶轮、诱导轮及蜗壳组合置于低温液体环境，室温电机与低温叶轮依靠转动轴来连接。
通过采用上述技术方案，离心泵在正常工作时，电机组件部分处于室温环境，叶轮及前置诱导轮浸泡在低温液体中，转动轴的两个支撑轴承均置于室温端，转动轴从室温区域延伸至低温区域，将电机的动力传递于叶轮及前级诱导轮。在室温法兰处设置动密封结构，在过渡段采用低温绝热防护结构，以防止大量挥发气体产生对流、向上扩散进入电机腔体内部。
本发明进一步设置为：所述转动轴的两个支撑轴承均置于室温电机内，转动轴从室温区域延伸至低温区域，并与置于低温液体中的叶轮与诱导轮连接，转动轴的室温部分采用实心结构，低温部分采用空心结 构。
通过上述技术方案，置于室温的支撑轴承可以减少机械摩擦产生的热量进入液体造成低温液体的消耗，而从提高离心泵的效率和可靠性，转动轴低温部分的空心结构构可以减少导热截面积，延伸设置可以增大导热路径，从而减小热传导漏热。
本发明进一步设置为：所述电机的真空法兰处设置动密封结构，同时过渡段采用低温绝热防护结构。
通过采用上述技术方案，防止低温液体挥发产生的低温气体，产生涡旋、向上扰动扩散，大量低温气体进入电机腔体对其造成影响。而极少量的气体通过动密封结构的微小缝隙进入电机，起到冷却的效果，同时电机又是一个封闭腔体，没有泄漏到外界环境。
本发明进一步设置为：所述动密封结构采用多层叠片的型式，与所述真空法兰连接。
通过采用上述技术方案，多级串联可以降低气体泄漏率，同时可以防止挥发的低温气体大量进入室温端与外界环境产生剧烈换热，从而在室温部分表面产生结霜结露现象，影响室温的密封性能。
本发明进一步设置为：所述低温绝热防护结构的内、外套管采用薄壁管道，内、外套管之间的中间夹层采用若干水平防护挡板。
通过采用上述技术方案，连接室温与低温的内、外筒体通过采用延长导热路径、减小截面积来降低热传导漏热，同时水平挡板可以阻止挥发的大量低温气体向上扩散，减小对流换热。
本发明进一步设置为：所述叶轮为全流型式，同时设置诱导轮为前级部分。
通过采用上述技术方案，全流型式叶轮可以避免产生不平衡轴向力，提高效率，同时前级诱导轮的设置更进一步提高吸入性能。
本发明进一步设置为：低温离心泵为立式结构，同时转动轴延伸量可以进行优化设计。
通过采用上述技术方案，立式结构可以减小转动轴延伸末端的横向位移，同时延伸长度可以根据低温介质及参数进行优化设计，可以减小低温漏热，提高机械稳定性。
本发明进一步设置为：设置变频器来调节电机转速。
通过采用上述技术方案，设置变频器可以根据低温液体负载的变化调节电机转速，达到节能的效果。
综上所述，本发明的明显效果在于：
其一，结构型式优势：电机与支撑轴承、动密封结构集成一体置于室温环境，全流型式的叶轮及前级诱导轮置于低温环境，转动轴的两个支撑点处于室温并向低温延伸与叶轮及诱导轮连接，形成垂直“悬臂梁”的支撑方案，这种方案可以实现低漏热、高效率、高可靠性的效果。
其二，低热负荷：转动轴的两个支撑轴承均置于室温，低温液体环境中没有设置支撑轴承，避免运行中摩擦产生的热量进入低温液体中，同时转动轴以空心结构的型式延伸到低温区域，增大导热路径及减小截面积来降低热传导漏热，同时低温绝热防护结构的内、外套管选用薄壁管道进一步降低热传导漏热。室温法兰处的动密封结构与低温绝热防护结构可以避免挥发的低温气体大量向上扩散，形成涡旋现象，减小 对流换热。
其三，效率高：全流型式的叶轮与前级诱导轮组合使用，提高运行效率及吸入性能，同时低热负荷使得液体消耗减小，更进一步提高了运行效率。
其四，可靠性高：电机、转动轴的支撑轴承及动密封结构都置于室温环境，没有置于低温液体环境，运行周期长，可靠性高、维护便利。
附图说明
图1为本发明低温液体离心泵的剖视图；
图2为低温绝热防护结构图；
图3为叶轮、诱导轮及蜗壳的组装图；
图4为动密封结构图。
其中，1-电机组件，2-转动轴，3-低温绝热防护组件，4-叶轮组件；
11-机械滚动支撑轴承，12-变频器，13-动密封结构，14-真空法兰；
31-外套管，32-内套管，33-水平防护挡板；
41-叶轮，42-诱导轮，43-蜗壳，44-进液口，45-出液口；
131-底挡板，132-碳环密封片，133-中间挡板，134-顶挡板，135-密封圈，136-顶盖，137-螺栓，138-底盖板。
具体实施方式
结合附图和实施例，对本发明进行详细描述。
一种立式低温液体离心泵，如附图1、图2、图3所示，包括电机组件1、转动轴2、过渡段低温绝热防护组件3及叶轮组件4。其中电机组件1包括机械滚动支撑轴承11、变频器12、动密封结构13及真空法兰14；低温绝热防护结构3包括外套管31、内套管32及若干水平防护挡板33；叶轮组件4包括叶轮41、诱导轮42及蜗壳43。
如附图1所示，立式低温离心泵在正常工作中，电机、机械滚动支撑轴承及动密封结构集成一体置于室温环境，叶轮、诱导轮及蜗壳组合置于低温液体环境，转动轴将电机的动力传递于叶轮与前级诱导轮。真空法兰隔离外界环境和真空腔体，低温液体位于蜗壳内。
如附图1所示，电机的内部运动部件装配完成后，再与机械滚动支撑轴承、转动轴进行组装，最后与电机外部的静止部件进行组装，其中电机的散热翅片结构采用铝合金或者黄铜材料，来强化与外界环境的换热，电机上设置变频器来调节其转速。
如附图4所示，动密封结构13采用多层密封叠片式方案，包括不锈钢底挡板131、中间挡板133、顶 挡板134，碳环密封片132、不锈钢顶盖136及底盖板138等组成，特别地与转动轴接触的密封环132采用耐磨损的石墨材料。同时动密封结构通过螺栓连接的形式固定在电机的法兰上，并实现与电机实现密封连接。
如图附1，图3所示，叶轮与前级诱导轮的材料为316L不锈钢或者铝合金，一起组合通过螺栓与转动轴连接。转动轴的材料为316L不锈钢，室温部分采用实心结构，低温部分采用空心结构，两段分别加工后进行组焊，焊接后进行加工来保证其机械精度，在转动轴低温部分的末端设置带有内螺纹的安装孔，采用螺栓连接的形式固定叶轮及前级诱导轮，同时螺纹方向与转动轴的旋转方向相反，达到自锁效果。
如附图2所示，过渡段的低温绝热防护结构的材料采用316L不锈钢，外套管与内套管的壁厚较薄，若干水平防护挡板与内套管进行点焊连接，同时与外套管留有很小的缝隙，便于装配。
如附图3所示，蜗壳的材料为316L不锈钢或者铝合金，与低温绝热防护结构的外筒连接，蜗壳的底部垂直位置为进液口，水平径向位置为出液口，在正常工作时电机带动叶轮旋转，低温液体从进液口吸入，出液口排出。
电机与支撑轴承、动密封机构集成一体置于室温环境，全流型式的叶轮及前级诱导轮置于低温环境，转动轴的两个支撑轴承置于室温，转动轴的一端延伸至低温环境与叶轮及诱导轮连接，形成垂直“悬臂梁”的支撑方案，并且整体垂直放置，这种方案可以实现低漏热、高效率、高可靠性的效果。
低热负荷通过以下方案得以实现：转动轴的支撑轴承全部置于室温，低温液体环境没有设置支撑轴承，避免运行中摩擦产生的热量进入低温液体中，同时转动轴以空心结构的型式延伸到低温区域，增大导热路径及减小截面积来降低热传导值。室温法兰处的动密封结构与低温绝热防护结构可以避免大量挥发的低温气体涡旋扰动，并向上扩散，减小对流换热。
效率高通过以下方案得以实现：全流型式的叶轮与前级诱导轮组合使用，提高运行效率及吸入性能，同时低热负荷使得液体消耗减小，更进一步提高了运行效率。
可靠性高通过以下方案得以实现：电机、转动轴的支撑轴承及动密封结构都置于常温环境，没有置于低温液体环境，运行周期长，可靠性高、维护便利。
当然，本发明还可以有其他多种实施例，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形，但这些相应的改变和变形都应当属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种立式低温液体离心泵，其特征在于，包括转动轴、处于室温环境的电机组件、处于低温环境的低温绝热防护结构及叶轮组件，所述电机组件包括支撑轴承、动密封结构和真空法兰，通过所述真空法兰隔离室温环境和真空低温环境，且所述真空法兰处设置所述动密封结构；所述电机组件的支撑轴承与所述转动轴一端配合，用于通过支撑轴承驱动所述转动轴转动；所述转动轴的另一端穿过所述动密封结构和所述真空法兰延伸至低温环境，与所述叶轮组件连接；所述叶轮组件包括叶轮和设置于叶轮前端的诱导轮；所述叶轮组件与所述真空法兰之间的转动轴外围设置所述低温绝热防护结构。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的立式低温液体离心泵，其特征在于，所述低温绝热防护结构包括外套管、内套管以及位于内套管与外套管之间的若干水平防护挡板，各所述水平防护挡板分别与所述内套管连接，且与外套管之间留有缝隙；所述转动轴穿过所述内套管与所述叶轮组件连接。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的立式低温液体离心泵，其特征在于，所述叶轮组件包括一蜗壳，所述叶轮、诱导轮位于所述蜗壳内，所述蜗壳与所述低温绝热防护结构的外筒连接，蜗壳的底部垂直位置为进液口、底部水平径向位置为出液口。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的立式低温液体离心泵，其特征在于，所述叶轮为全流型式，所述诱导轮为所述叶轮的前级。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的立式低温液体离心泵，其特征在于，所述动密封结构包括密封连接的顶盖和底盖板，所述顶盖与底盖板之间设置有底挡板和顶挡板，所述底挡板与顶挡板之间设置有多层交替的中间挡板和碳环密封片；所述动密封结构固定在所述真空法兰上，并与所述电机组件中的电机密封连接。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的立式低温液体离心泵，其特征在于，位于室温环境内的一段所述转动轴为实心结构，位于低温环境内的一段所述转动轴为空心结构。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的立式低温液体离心泵，其特征在于，位于低温环境内的一段所述转动轴的末端设置带有内螺纹的安装孔，采用螺栓连接的形式固定叶轮及诱导轮，其中内螺纹方向与转动轴的旋转方向相反。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的立式低温液体离心泵，其特征在于，所述电机组件中的电机、支撑轴承及动密封结构集成一体，形成封闭的腔体。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的立式低温液体离心泵，其特征在于，所述电机组件包括一变频器，用于控制所述电机组件中的电机转速。
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