WO2020211292A1 - 一种生态防护植生毯及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种生态防护植生毯及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020211292A1
WO2020211292A1 PCT/CN2019/107493 CN2019107493W WO2020211292A1 WO 2020211292 A1 WO2020211292 A1 WO 2020211292A1 CN 2019107493 W CN2019107493 W CN 2019107493W WO 2020211292 A1 WO2020211292 A1 WO 2020211292A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
blanket
self
curing
planting
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PCT/CN2019/107493
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李兆恒
黄锦林
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广东省水利水电科学研究院
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Publication of WO2020211292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020211292A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/033—Flat containers for turf, lawn or the like, e.g. for covering roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/125—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of vegetable material, e.g. wood, reeds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the construction of ecological treatment projects in the fields of municipal administration, water conservancy, transportation and the like, and in particular to an ecological protection planting blanket and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • the present invention provides an ecological protective planting blanket, comprising a planting blanket layer and a self-curing layer, the self-curing layer is embedded in at least a part of the pore structure of the planting blanket layer during curing, thereby stabilizing Planting blanket layer.
  • the self-curing layer has protrusions, and the protrusions are embedded in at least a part of the pore structure of the vegetation blanket layer during the curing process.
  • the self-curing layer has depressions, and the depressions are connected to each other and used for irrigating the vegetation blanket layer.
  • the pipeline is laid in the recess, and the pipeline has a water outlet hole.
  • the material of the self-curing layer is selected from one or more of cement, cement-based composition, and high molecular polymer.
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method of the ecological protection planting blanket, which includes the following steps:
  • the self-curing layer is embedded in the pore structure of at least a part of the planting carpet layer during the curing process, thereby stabilizing the planting carpet layer.
  • the preparation method further includes the step of spraying water on the vegetation blanket layer.
  • the method further includes the step of pouring water into the self-curing layer.
  • the ecological protection planting blanket disclosed in the present invention can be widely used in slope treatment and ecological restoration of rivers, highways, railways, barren mountains, mines, etc.; it can be used in sandy land and saline-alkali land for windbreak and sand fixation, saline-alkali treatment, and ecological vegetation restoration; In the fields of urban gardening and greening, wetland vegetation restoration, etc., in any environment, rapid realization of project construction and landscape effects.
  • the "vegetable carpet layer” of the present invention is not limited to only one layer, and may have multiple layers.
  • the vegetation blanket layer includes a bottom, a middle layer, and a surface layer that are connected to each other; the vegetation blanket layer is composed of a thin cotton layer, a water-retaining layer, and a mesh layer; The substrate layer, the upper wrapping layer and the upper hanging net layer; the planting carpet layer includes a covering layer, a seeding matrix layer arranged on the lower side of the covering layer, a root fixing layer arranged on the lower side of the seeding matrix layer, and The bottom barrier layer under the root fixation layer.
  • the "at least a part" in the "pore structure embedded in at least a part of the vegetation blanket layer” of the present invention is not limited to a part but includes all. Regarding the degree of embedding, those skilled in the art can make selections and adjustments according to actual needs, which are conventional technical means.
  • protrusion and “concavity” of the present invention are not limited in shape, and may be round, square, or other regular or irregular shapes.
  • cement refers to a ground hydraulic binder, in addition to the hydraulic binder as the main component, it usually contains a small amount of calcium sulfate (gypsum and/or hemihydrate and/or anhydrite), and any Optional minor components and/or cement additives such as grinding aids. Its main component content exceeds 5wt%.
  • the main ingredient can be Portland cement clinker (also called clinker or cement clinker), slag sand, natural or artificial pozzolan, fly ash, such as siliceous or calcareous fly ash, burning shale, limestone and / Or silica fume.
  • the cement can contain up to 5 wt% of finely pulverized inorganic, mineral substances, which are derived from clinker preparation.
  • cement-based composition refers to concrete, shotcrete, grout, mortar, paste or a combination thereof.
  • the terms "paste”, “mortar”, “concrete”, “shotcrete” and “cement grout” are well-known terms in the prior art.
  • the paste is a mixture containing a hydratable cement binder (usually Portland cement, masonry cement or mortar cement).
  • Mortar is a paste that additionally includes fine aggregates such as sand.
  • Concrete is a mortar that additionally includes coarse aggregates, such as crushed stones or stones.
  • Shotcrete is concrete (or sometimes mortar) that is transported through a hose and injected pneumatically onto the surface at high speed.
  • Cement slurry is a particularly flowable form of concrete used to fill voids.
  • the cement-based composition can be formed by mixing certain components in the required amount, such as hydratable cement, water, and fine aggregate and/or coarse aggregate to prepare a specific cement-based composition.
  • polymer refers to a group of chemically uniform macromolecules prepared by polymerization reactions (polyaddition, polyaddition, polycondensation), where the difference between macromolecules lies in their degree of polymerization, molecular weight and chain length.
  • the term also includes derivatives of the set of macromolecules obtained by polymerization reactions, ie compounds obtained by reactions such as addition or substitution of functional groups in predetermined macromolecules, and which may be chemically uniform or chemically inhomogeneous .
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the self-curing layer is embedded in at least a part of the pore structure of the planting carpet layer during the curing process, it is advantageous for the self-curing layer and the planting carpet layer to form a stable integrated structure, thereby achieving the effect of stabilizing the planting carpet layer.
  • the self-curing layer is provided with protrusions and mutually penetrating depressions.
  • the protrusions can be embedded in at least a part of the pore structure of the planting carpet layer during the curing process.
  • the penetrating depressions can be used to irrigate the planting carpet layer by being connected to a water source.
  • the intersecting depressions can also be laid with a plurality of interconnected pipes with water outlet holes, and the pipes are connected to a water source to irrigate the planting carpet.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the planting blanket provided in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a cross-sectional view of the planting blanket provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a top view of the planting blanket provided in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Icon 1- Planting blanket layer; 2- Self-curing layer; 2.1- Protrusions of the self-curing layer; 2.2- Depressions of the self-curing layer.
  • this embodiment provides an ecological protection planting blanket, comprising a planting blanket layer 1 and a self-curing layer 2.
  • the self-curing layer is embedded in at least a part of the pore structure (shaded part) of the planting blanket layer during curing. ) To stabilize the planting blanket.
  • the material of the self-curing layer is selected from one or more of cement, cement-based composition, and high molecular polymer.
  • the method for preparing the above-mentioned ecological protection planting blanket includes the following steps: laying the material of the self-curing layer; laying the planting blanket layer; spraying water on the planting blanket layer, and the water flows into the self-curing layer from top to bottom to promote the curing of the self-curing layer;
  • the self-curing layer is embedded in at least a part of the pore structure of the planting carpet layer during the curing process, thereby stabilizing the planting carpet layer.
  • this embodiment 2 is an improvement on the basis of embodiment 1. It provides an ecological protection planting blanket, comprising a planting blanket layer 1 and a self-curing layer 2, the self-curing layer has convex 2.1 and the corresponding interpenetrating recesses 2.2, the protrusion 2.1 is embedded in at least a part of the pore structure (shaded part) of the planting carpet layer during the curing process, thereby stabilizing the planting carpet layer, and the mutually penetrating recesses 2.2 can be connected The water source is used to irrigate the vegetation blanket.
  • the material of the self-curing layer is selected from one or more of cement, cement-based composition, and high molecular polymer.
  • the recesses can be laid with a plurality of interconnected pipes with water outlet holes, and the pipes are connected to a water source to irrigate the planting carpet.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned ecological protection planting blanket includes the following steps: laying the material of the self-curing layer according to the preset convex and concave structure; laying the planting blanket layer; spraying water on the planting blanket layer, and the water flows into the self-curing layer from top to bottom , To promote the curing of the self-curing layer; or, pour water into the self-curing layer to promote the curing of the self-curing layer; the self-curing layer is embedded in the pore structure of at least a part of the planting carpet layer during the curing process, thereby stabilizing the planting carpet layer.

Abstract

一种生态防护植生毯，该生态防护植生毯包括植生毯层（1）和自固化层（2），所述自固化层（2）在固化过程中嵌入所述植生毯层（1）至少一部分的孔隙结构，从而稳固植生毯层。还公开了所述生态防护植生毯的制备方法和应用。

Description

一种生态防护植生毯及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及市政、水利、交通等领域的生态治理工程建设，尤其涉及一种生态防护植生毯及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着社会经济的发展，人类的生产建设带来了严重的环境破坏、水土流失等生态问题。随着人类对环保的重视，对河道边坡防护、高速公路边坡防护、废渣场复绿等提出了越来越高的要求。
在国外，美国等发达国家从20世纪20～30年代就意识到了生态平衡的重要性，开始在边坡工程开展植被恢复工作。早在1943年和1944年就进行了公路两侧草皮种植的试验，通过不同播种时间、不同草种及草种组合的小区试验来探讨建立草皮的方法。美国政府提倡高速公路植被地带宽度以公路两侧45～100米为宜，有选择地种植草花、宿根花卉、灌木和乔木，其林型由低到高，既能起到防护作用，又不影响行车视线。
日、德、法等发达国家对边坡植被恢复的目标以及实现的方式和手段做了大量的研究。绿化网防护、厚层基料喷射、植被型混凝土等生态防护技术在稳定边坡、防止土壤侵蚀和恢复植被等方面得到了广泛应用。
在国内，植被生态恢复技术方面的研究起步较晚。长期以来，对于边坡的防护，通常采用单纯的工程防护，如浆砌片石、六形砖、卵石方格和钢筋混凝土等工程措施。这些工程不仅造价高，而且由于没有植被覆盖，景观单一，几乎不具备生态效应。
90年代以前一般多采用直播草籽、穴播或沟播、铺草皮、空心砖植草等传统模式。1991年，中国黄土高原治山技术培训中心与日本合作在黄土高原首次应用了坡面喷涂绿化技术。1993年我国引进土工材料植草护坡技术，开发研制出了各式各样的土木材料产品，如三维植被网、土工格栅、土工网、土工格室等，结合植草技术在高速公路边坡植被恢复中陆续获得应用。
根据国内外对生态护坡技术的研究理论与具体实践，在坡面生态治理工程中有各种治理措施，目前应用比较普遍的有:格宾网垫、联锁式护坡砖、水保植生毯和植生袋，格宾网垫和联锁式护坡砖因产品特点造成产品造价高、施工工期长、绿化覆盖率低，且此种护 坡方式给人以生硬的感受，环境协调性不好。水保植生毯和植生袋因造价低廉、施工方便、绿化覆盖率高，回归自然，是最好的选择。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述技术问题，本发明提供一种生态防护植生毯，包括植生毯层以及自固化层，所述自固化层在固化过程中嵌入植生毯层至少一部分的孔隙结构，从而稳固植生毯层。
进一步地，所述自固化层具有凸起，所述凸起在固化过程中嵌入植生毯层至少一部分的孔隙结构。
进一步地，所述自固化层具有凹陷，所述凹陷互相贯通，用于灌溉植生毯层。
进一步地，所述凹陷铺设管道，管道上具有出水孔。
进一步地，所述自固化层的材料选自水泥、水泥基组合物、高分子聚合物中的一种或多种。
为制备上述生态防护植生毯，本发明还提供一种生态防护植生毯的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：根据预设结构铺设自固化层的材料；
S2：铺设植生毯层；
S3：所述自固化层在固化过程中嵌入植生毯层至少一部分的孔隙结构，从而稳固植生毯层。
在一些实施例中，所述制备方法还包括步骤：在植生毯层上喷洒水。
在一些实施例中，还包括步骤：在自固化层中灌入水。
本发明公开的生态防护植生毯，可广泛应用于河道、公路、铁路、荒山、矿山等的边坡治理、生态恢复；可用于沙土地、盐碱地进行防风固沙、治理盐碱、生态植被恢复；可用于城市园林绿化、湿地植被恢复等领域，在任何环境下，快速实现工程建设和景观效应。
在本发明的上下文中(特别是权利要求的上下文中)，使用术语“一个”和“一种”和“该”以及类似的指示物应被解释为涵盖单数和复数，除非本文另有说明或与上下文明显矛盾。除非另有说明，否则术语“包含”、“具有”，“包括”和“含有”应被解释为开放式术语(即，意味着“包括但不限于”)。
本发明的“植生毯层”，不局限于只有一层，可以具有多层。例如，植生毯层包括相互连接的底、中间层和面层；植生毯层由薄绵层、保水层和网状层构成；植生毯层由下至上 依次为下挂网层、下包裹层、基质层、上包裹层和上挂网层；植生毯层包括覆盖层、设置在所述覆盖层下侧的播种基质层、设置在所述播种基质层下侧的根系固定层、设置在所述根系固定层下侧的底部阻隔层。
本发明的“嵌入植生毯层至少一部分的孔隙结构”中的“至少一部分”，不局限于部分，也包含全部。对于嵌入的程度，本领域技术人员能够根据实际需求进行选择和调整，属于常规技术手段。
本发明的“凸起”和“凹陷”不限形状，可以是圆形、方形或其它规则或不规则形状。
术语“水泥”，是指经研磨的水硬性粘结剂，除水硬性粘结剂作为主要成分外，其通常含有少量硫酸钙(石膏和/或半水合物和/或硬石膏)，以及任选的次要组分和/或水泥添加剂如研磨助剂。其主要成分含量超过5wt％。该主要成分可以是波特兰水泥熟料(也被称作熟料或水泥熟料)、矿渣砂、天然或人造火山灰、飞灰，例如硅质或钙质飞灰、燃烧页岩、石灰石和/或硅灰。作为次要成分，该水泥可以含有高达5wt％的精细粉碎的无机、矿物物质，其源自熟料制备。
术语“水泥基组合物”，是指混凝土、喷射混凝土、水泥浆、砂浆、糊或其组合。术语“糊”、“砂浆”、“混凝土”、“喷射混凝土”和“水泥浆”是现有技术众所周知的术语。糊是包含可水合的水泥粘结剂(通常是波特兰水泥、砖石水泥或砂浆水泥)的混合物。砂浆是额外地包括细集料例如砂子的糊。混凝土是额外地包括粗集料，例如碎石子或石头的砂浆。喷射混凝土是通过软管输送并以高速气动注射到表面上的混凝土(或有时是砂浆)。水泥浆是一种特别可流动形式的用于填补空隙的混凝土。水泥基组合物可以通过混合所需量的某些组分来形成，所述组分例如为可水合的水泥、水和细集料和/或粗集料，以制备特定的水泥基组合物。
术语“聚合物”，是指一组通过聚合反应(聚加成、加聚、缩聚)制备的化学均匀的大分子的集合，其中大分子的不同在于它们的聚合度、分子量和链长。该术语还包含由聚合反应得到的大分子的所述集合的衍生物，即通过例如加成或取代预定大分子中官能团的反应获得的化合物，并且其可以是化学上均匀或化学上不均匀的。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)由于自固化层在固化过程中嵌入植生毯层至少一部分的孔隙结构，有利于自固化层与植生毯层形成稳固的一体化结构，从而起到稳固植生毯层的效果。
(2)自固化层设置凸起和相互贯通的凹陷，凸起在固化过程中能够嵌入植生毯层至少一部分的孔隙结构，相互贯通的凹陷通过接通水源，能够用于灌溉植生毯层。相互贯通 的凹陷也可以铺设相互连通的具有出水孔的多条管道，管道通过接通水源，从而用于灌溉植生毯。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例1所提供的植生毯的剖面图；
图2是本发明实施例2所提供的植生毯的剖面图；
图3是本发明实施例2所提供的植生毯的俯视图。
图标：1-植生毯层；2-自固化层；2.1-自固化层的凸起；2.2-自固化层的凹陷。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
实施例1
如图1所示，本实施例提供了一种生态防护植生毯，包括植生毯层1以及自固化层2，所述自固化层在固化过程中嵌入植生毯层至少一部分的孔隙结构(阴影部分)，从而稳固植生毯层。
在本实施例的优选实施方式中，自固化层的材料选自水泥、水泥基组合物、高分子聚合物中的一种或多种。
上述生态防护植生毯的制备方法包括以下步骤：铺设自固化层的材料；铺设植生毯层；在植生毯层上喷洒水，水自上而下流入自固化层，促使自固化层固化；所述自固化层在固化过程中嵌入植生毯层至少一部分的孔隙结构，从而稳固植生毯层。
实施例2
如图2-3所示，本实施例2是在实施例1基础上的改进，其提供了一种生态防护植生毯，包括植生毯层1以及自固化层2，所述自固化层具有凸起2.1及对应的相互贯通的凹陷2.2，所述凸起2.1在固化过程中嵌入植生毯层至少一部分的孔隙结构(阴影部分)，从而稳固植生毯层，所述相互贯通的凹陷2.2能够接通水源，用于灌溉植生毯。
在本实施例的优选实施方式中，自固化层的材料选自水泥、水泥基组合物、高分子聚合物中的一种或多种。
在本实施例的优选实施方式中，所述凹陷可以铺设相互连通的具有出水孔的多条管道，管道通过接通水源，从而用于灌溉植生毯。
上述生态防护植生毯的制备方法包括以下步骤：根据预设的凸起和凹陷结构铺设自固化层的材料；铺设植生毯层；在植生毯层上喷洒水，水自上而下流入自固化层，促使自固化层固化；或者，在自固化层中灌入水，促使自固化层固化；所述自固化层在固化过程中嵌入植生毯层至少一部分的孔隙结构，从而稳固植生毯层。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种生态防护植生毯，其特征在于，包括植生毯层以及自固化层，所述自固化层在固化过程中嵌入植生毯层至少一部分的孔隙结构，从而稳固植生毯层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种生态防护植生毯，其特征在于，所述自固化层具有凸起，所述凸起在固化过程中嵌入植生毯层至少一部分的孔隙结构。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种生态防护植生毯，其特征在于，所述自固化层具有凹陷，所述凹陷互相贯通，用于灌溉植生毯层。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种生态防护植生毯，其特征在于，所述凹陷铺设管道，管道上具有出水孔。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种生态防护植生毯，其特征在于，所述自固化层的材料选自水泥、水泥基组合物、高分子聚合物中的一种或多种。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的一种生态防护植生毯的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1：根据预设结构铺设自固化层的材料；
    S2：铺设植生毯层；
    S3：所述自固化层在固化过程中嵌入植生毯层至少一部分的孔隙结构，从而稳固植生毯层。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种生态防护植生毯的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括步骤：在植生毯层上喷洒水。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种生态防护植生毯的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括步骤：在自固化层中灌入水。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的一种生态防护植生毯在边坡治理或生态恢复上的应用。
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