WO2020210318A1 - Low-smoke pyrotechnic composition - Google Patents
Low-smoke pyrotechnic composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020210318A1 WO2020210318A1 PCT/US2020/027216 US2020027216W WO2020210318A1 WO 2020210318 A1 WO2020210318 A1 WO 2020210318A1 US 2020027216 W US2020027216 W US 2020027216W WO 2020210318 A1 WO2020210318 A1 WO 2020210318A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- weight
- smoke
- low
- pyrotechnic composition
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/32—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/006—Stabilisers (e.g. thermal stabilisers)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/18—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition
- C06B25/20—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition with a non-explosive or a non-explosive or a non-thermic component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to ingredients or components for use in pyrotechnics, and more specifically, as a low-smoke alternative to black powder used in pyrotechnics.
- Black powder has been used in pyrotechnic devices for thousands of years. It is an intimate mixture of approximately 75% potassium nitrate, 15% charcoal, and 10% sulfur. While its initial development was geared towards using it as an explosive weapon, its uses quickly expanded into the civil engineering and entertainment sectors. Its historic beginnings should be of no surprise, as there are many positive characteristics that make black powder an attractive composition for use in pyrotechnics. Firstly, black powder is readily ignitable due to the presence of sulfur and its low melting point. Secondly, black powder is made from components that are readily available and relatively inexpensive. Finally, black powder not only is able to propel or“lift” other pyrotechnic compositions effectively, it also forms a large amount of hot, solid particles during combustion which facilitate the ignition of secondary pyrotechnic compositions
- Black powder used in current pyrotechnic devices is undesirable for certain applications due to the fact that it typically produces substantial solid by-products from the composition’s combustion in the form of smoke and other solid particulate matter.
- Current black powder replacements typically fail to reliably ignite secondary pyrotechnic compositions.
- the present invention is directed to a low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition that can be suitably used in applications where it is desirable to have minimal smoke production or other solid particulate matter production resulting from the combustion of the composition.
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition of the present invention includes Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) (chemical formula: HgNgCeOig) as an oxidizing agent in order to limit the production of solid by-product, including smoke generation, during combustion of the composition.
- Ceric Ammonium Nitrate within the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition generates large amounts of oxygen useful in propagating combustion and generates nitrogen gas useful in propulsion, while also providing noticeably reduced smoke and particulate matter generation during combustion as compared to other common oxidizers.
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition can include a fuel source, a stabilizer, a binder, and Ceric Ammonium Nitrate as an oxidizer.
- the composition may include additional oxidizing agents in addition to Ceric Ammonium Nitrate; however, Ceric Ammonium Nitrate must be present in the composition of the present invention.
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition in accordance with the various embodiments of the present invention may include any suitable fuel source or fuel sources, including without limitation, metal and non-metal fuel sources, any suitable type of stabilizing agent or agents, and any suitable type of binding agent or agents.
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition can include 20-80 percent by weight Ceric Ammonium Nitrate, 5-60 percent by weight the fuel source(s), 1-20 percent by weight the stabilizer(s), and 0-15 percent by weight the binder(s).
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition may also include a bum rate catalyst in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- the bum rate catalyst may include any suitable type or types of bum rate catalysts or heat generating compounds. The selection of the particular bum rate catalyst or heat generating compound, or a combination thereof, may be selected based at least in part on the desired effect and particular pyrotechnic application.
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition can include Ceric Ammonium Nitrate as an oxidizer, Nitrocellulose as a non- metal fuel source, Titanium as a metal fuel source, Cyanoguanidine as a stabilizer, Cupric Oxide as a bum rate catalyst, and any suitable binder compound.
- one or more fuel sources, stabilizers, bum rate catalysts and/or oxidizers may be added to the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition depending on the particular application.
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition can include approximately 30-40% by weight Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (oxidizer), approximately 45-55% by weight Nitrocellulose (non-metal fuel source), approximately 0.1-3.0% by weight Cyanoguanidine (stabilizer), approximately 5-10% Cupric Oxide (bum rate catalyst), and approximately 0-15% of a suitable binder material.
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition can include approximately 36.7% by weight of Ceric Ammonium Nitrate ( ⁇ 50 um), approximately 51.4% by weight of Nitrocellulose, approximately 3.7% by weight Titanium (- 325 mesh), approximately 0.9% by weight Cyanoguanidine, approximately 7.3% by weight of Cupric Oxide, and approximately 0-15% by weight of a binder material.
- the present invention is directed to a low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition that can be used in pyrotechnic applications where it is desirable to have a minimal amount of smoke or other solid particulate matter produced as a result of combustion of the composition.
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition of the present invention can be utilized in connection illuminating pyrotechnic compositions and/or propellant compositions depending on the desired application.
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition of the present invention may be utilized to create an illuminating light, flash or flame, heat and/or sound in connection with the combustion of the composition while limiting the overall production of smoke generated in connection with the chemical reaction and combustion.
- Ceric Ammonium Nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula (NH ) 2 Ce(N03)6 (chemical formula: HgNgCeOig) and is often used as an oxidant in organic synthesis.
- Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) can also be referred to as Diammonium cerium hexanitrate, Diammonium hexanitratocerate(2-), and Ammonium cerium nitrate (VAN).
- CAN is used as the main oxidizing agent in the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition and limits the production of solid by-product, including smoke generation during combustion of the composition.
- Ceric Ammonium Nitrate is necessary in the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition of the present invention, as it generates large amounts of oxygen useful in propagating combustion, and nitrogen gas useful in propulsion; it is also readily ignitable in the presence of organic fuels. CAN has likely found limited use in the pyrotechnics industry due to availability issues as well as its ready ability to oxidize various materials at room temperature when solvated.
- Ceric Ammonium Nitrate is also advantageous in the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition of the present invention due to its low melting point.
- Sulfur s implementation as a low-melting point fuel in black powder has a drawback in that its presence leads to large amounts of solid sulfide byproducts that increases the smoke output of the composition.
- CAN s low melting point and high ignitability with organic fuels greatly reduces the amount of activation energy necessary for combustion and eliminates the need for sulfur.
- Ceric Ammonium Nitrate and its byproducts are environmentally benign.
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition of the present invention can include a fuel source, a stabilizer, a binder, and Ceric Ammonium Nitrate as an oxidizer.
- additional oxidizers may be utilized with the Ceric Ammonium Nitrate; however, Ceric Ammonium Nitrate is the only specific component of the composition that cannot be removed or replaced.
- Additional oxidizers that may be used in conjunction with the Ceric Ammonium Nitrate may include, but are not limited to, nitrate salts, perchlorate salts, and metal oxides.
- the low-smoke pyrotechnic composition of the present invention can include one or more of each type of component comprising the composition.
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition can include at least one fuel source agent, at least one stabilizer agent, at least one binder agent, and at least one oxidizer agent including at least Ceric Ammonium Nitrate.
- the fuel can be metal or non-metal source and the composition can include multiple fuel sources in certain embodiments.
- suitable fuel sources that may be used in the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition of the present invention can include: Nitrocellulose, Hexamine, Nitroguanidine, Red Gum, Titanium, Aluminum, Magnesium, Boron, Charcoal, Silicon, any transition metals or other types of fuel source now known or hereinafter developed or commonly used in the art.
- the stabilizer can be any suitable stabilizing agent, including without limitation:
- Cyanoguanidine Dicyanodiamide, 2-cyanoguanidine, Guanidine- 1 -carbonitrile, Diphenylamine, Nitrodiphenylamine, Akardite, Ethyl Centralite, Methyl Centralite, Carbonate salts, or other type of stabilizer now known or hereinafter developed or commonly used in the art.
- the binder can be a suitable compound or substance that can bind/bond the other components of the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition.
- a suitable binder that may be used in the low-smoke gas-generating composition of the present invention can include: Ethylcellulose, Methylcellulose, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Hydroxypropyl ethylcellulose polyvinyl alcohol, Viton, Parlon, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol-polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, epoxy resins and their appropriate, crosslinking compounds, or other binder agents now known or hereinafter developed or commonly used in the art.
- the low-smoke gas generating composition of the present invention can also include at least one bum rate catalyst or heat generating compound or compounds depending on the desired effect and particular pyrotechnic application.
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition of the present invention can include Cupric Oxide as a bum rate catalyst.
- catalysts can include, but are not limited to, Ferric Oxide, Titanium Dioxide, Bismuth Trioxide, Molybdenum Trioxide, barium peroxide, strontium peroxide, calcium peroxide, chromic oxide, silicon dioxide, manganese (II) oxide, boron oxide or other desired compounds commonly used in the art.
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition includes Ceric Ammonium Nitrate as an oxidizer, Nitrocellulose as a non-metal fuel source, Titanium as a metal fuel source, Cyanoguanidine as a stabilizer, Cupric Oxide as a bum rate catalyst, and any suitable binder compound.
- the table below illustrates this preferred formula for low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition.
- the Ceric Ammonium Nitrate can have a suitable range of 20-80 percent by weight of the overall formula.
- the other components of the composition can vary substantially by percent by weight and can be replaced with other suitable compounds depending on the particular application.
- Nitrocellulose (non-metal fuel source) 00-60%
- Titanium (metal fuel source) 05-20%
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition includes approximately 36.7% by weight of Ceric Ammonium Nitrate ( ⁇ 50 um), approximately 51.4% by weight of Nitrocellulose, approximately 3.7% by weight Titanium (-325 mesh), approximately 0.9% by weight Cyanoguanidine, approximately 7.3% by weight of Cupric Oxide, and approximately 0-15% by weight of a binder material.
- the specific % by weights may vary depending on the particular or desired application and or the amount of binder material utilized.
- the particular amount by weight of Ceric Ammonium Nitrate as an oxidizer may range between 36.0-37.5% according to certain embodiments or may range between 30-40% in other embodiments.
- Table IV below illustrates one specific embodiment of the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition along with potential ranges (by percent weight) of each ingredient or compound included in the composition.
- Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (oxidizer) 36.7% 30-40%
- the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition of the present invention results in minimal solid particulate and smoke by-product production during the combustion of the composition while still providing the desired bum temperatures, bum rates and other desired effects for various pyrotechnic applications.
- the Ceric Ammonium Nitrate is the key ingredient in the composition of the present invention that produces comparable performance characteristics to that of black powder while reducing or eliminating its negative attributes.
- the inclusion of Ceric Ammonium Nitrate in the low-smoke, pyrotechnic composition of the present invention in accordance with the percent by weight ranges as described herein has the effect of producing limited smoke generating during combustion of the composition when compared to traditional pyrotechnic compositions.
- the compositions must be stabilized through the use of hydrophobic binders such as epoxy resin, viton, or polyvinyl butyral.
- hydrophobic binders such as epoxy resin, viton, or polyvinyl butyral.
- Any number of suitable manufacturing and production methods can be utilized in the preparation of the low- smoke pyrotechnic composition of the present invention depending on the particular embodiment, including without limitation, manufacturing and production methods currently used in the pyrotechnics industry or hereinafter developed, or any other methods or techniques used in the production of chemical compositions.
- the low-smoke pyrotechnic composition of the present invention has several potential benefits, including without limitation, tunable performance aspects through minimal formulation changes, and the generation of mostly gaseous byproducts which increases performance while lowering the smoke output.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA3132944A CA3132944A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2020-04-08 | Low-smoke pyrotechnic composition |
EP20788436.2A EP3953319A4 (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2020-04-08 | Low-smoke pyrotechnic composition |
AU2020272752A AU2020272752A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2020-04-08 | Low-smoke pyrotechnic composition |
CN202080034977.9A CN113840815A (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2020-04-08 | Low smoke pyrotechnic composition |
MX2021012451A MX2021012451A (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2020-04-08 | Low-smoke pyrotechnic composition. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201962832003P | 2019-04-10 | 2019-04-10 | |
US62/832,003 | 2019-04-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2020210318A1 true WO2020210318A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
Family
ID=72748864
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2020/027216 WO2020210318A1 (en) | 2019-04-10 | 2020-04-08 | Low-smoke pyrotechnic composition |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20200325083A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3953319A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN113840815A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2020272752A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3132944A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2021012451A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020210318A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113582793A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-02 | 陈昊彬 | Carbon nano tube micro-pyrotechnic composition and production method thereof |
Citations (4)
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US6699379B1 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-03-02 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Method for reducing stress in nickel-based alloy plating |
US6749702B1 (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 2004-06-15 | Talley Defense Systems, Inc. | Low temperature autoignition composition |
US20070068610A1 (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2007-03-29 | Nickel Russell R | Microcrystalline Nitrocellulose Pyrotechnic Compositions |
US20110168307A1 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2011-07-14 | D Arche Steven P | Smokeless flash powder |
Family Cites Families (9)
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US3399089A (en) * | 1967-06-29 | 1968-08-27 | Trojan Powder Co | Gelatinized dinitrotoluenenitrostarch explosives |
AU465635B2 (en) * | 1972-09-07 | 1975-10-02 | Ici Australia Limited | Processes and products |
US6235132B1 (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 2001-05-22 | Talley Defense Systems, Inc. | Gas generating compositions |
US5780768A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1998-07-14 | Talley Defense Systems, Inc. | Gas generating compositions |
AU721984B2 (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 2000-07-20 | Orbital Atk, Inc. | Metal complexes for use as gas generants |
US6605233B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2003-08-12 | Talley Defense Systems, Inc. | Gas generant composition with coolant |
US6599379B2 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2003-07-29 | Dmd Systems, Llc | Low-smoke nitroguanidine and nitrocellulose based pyrotechnic compositions |
US6673172B2 (en) * | 2001-05-07 | 2004-01-06 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Gas generant compositions exhibiting low autoignition temperatures and methods of generating gases therefrom |
US8641842B2 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2014-02-04 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Propellant compositions including stabilized red phosphorus, a method of forming same, and an ordnance element including the same |
-
2020
- 2020-04-08 WO PCT/US2020/027216 patent/WO2020210318A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2020-04-08 EP EP20788436.2A patent/EP3953319A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-04-08 US US16/843,291 patent/US20200325083A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-04-08 CN CN202080034977.9A patent/CN113840815A/en active Pending
- 2020-04-08 MX MX2021012451A patent/MX2021012451A/en unknown
- 2020-04-08 AU AU2020272752A patent/AU2020272752A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-04-08 CA CA3132944A patent/CA3132944A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6749702B1 (en) * | 1996-05-14 | 2004-06-15 | Talley Defense Systems, Inc. | Low temperature autoignition composition |
US6699379B1 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-03-02 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Method for reducing stress in nickel-based alloy plating |
US20070068610A1 (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2007-03-29 | Nickel Russell R | Microcrystalline Nitrocellulose Pyrotechnic Compositions |
US20110168307A1 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2011-07-14 | D Arche Steven P | Smokeless flash powder |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP3953319A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN113840815A (en) | 2021-12-24 |
AU2020272752A1 (en) | 2021-11-11 |
MX2021012451A (en) | 2021-12-15 |
EP3953319A4 (en) | 2022-12-28 |
US20200325083A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
EP3953319A1 (en) | 2022-02-16 |
CA3132944A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
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