WO2020199974A1 - Milling cutter and ball end mill - Google Patents

Milling cutter and ball end mill Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020199974A1
WO2020199974A1 PCT/CN2020/080843 CN2020080843W WO2020199974A1 WO 2020199974 A1 WO2020199974 A1 WO 2020199974A1 CN 2020080843 W CN2020080843 W CN 2020080843W WO 2020199974 A1 WO2020199974 A1 WO 2020199974A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
milling cutter
cutter head
edge
central
main cutting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/080843
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘东亨
Original Assignee
京瓷株式会社
刘东亨
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 京瓷株式会社, 刘东亨 filed Critical 京瓷株式会社
Priority to CN202080025101.8A priority Critical patent/CN113631308A/en
Priority to JP2021557996A priority patent/JP7238159B2/en
Publication of WO2020199974A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020199974A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B23C5/1009Ball nose end mills
    • B23C5/1027Ball nose end mills with one or more removable cutting inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/22Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B23C5/2204Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B23C5/2208Securing arrangements for bits or teeth or cutting inserts with cutting inserts clamped against the walls of the recess in the cutter body by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert for plate-like cutting inserts 
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2200/00Details of milling cutting inserts
    • B23C2200/32Chip breaking or chip evacuation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cutting tool, in particular to a milling cutter head and a ball end milling cutter.
  • the ball end mill is especially suitable for the profiling of the surface of the workpiece.
  • Chinese invention patent CN104703737B discloses a ball end mill and insert.
  • the cutting edge of the cutter head is in an "S" shape when viewed from the front.
  • the cutting edges on both sides of the rotation center axis of the cutter head intersect the rotation center axis.
  • the "P" point is the end point of the tip (that is, the tip).
  • the cutter head rotates around its central axis of rotation to process the workpiece.
  • the cutting speed at various points of the cutting edge varies with the distance from the central axis of rotation.
  • the cutting speed of the cutting edge is zero. This usually leads to premature wear and dullness of the cutting edge, chipping or shattering, shortening the tool life.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a milling cutter head to improve the life of the cutter.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a ball end mill with the above-mentioned milling cutter head.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the present invention provides a milling cutter head with a center edge located at the foremost end of the milling cutter head and passing through the center of rotation of the milling cutter head; and also having two main cutting edges, Respectively extend from both ends of the central blade along the outer circumference of the milling cutter head; when the two main cutting edges are smoothly connected to the central blade and rotate around the center of rotation, the two main cutting edges and the central blade
  • the rotation trajectory of each main cutting edge is on the same hemisphere;
  • the front of the rotation direction of each main cutting edge is sequentially formed with a rake surface and a main chip removal surface used to define the chip flute;
  • the rotation direction of each main cutting edge is formed behind And two wedge angle surfaces, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center edge; the intersection line of the two wedge angle surfaces constitutes the center edge; one end of each wedge angle surface is connected to one of the main cuts
  • the rake surface and the main chip removal surface of the blade are in contact with each other, and the other end of the wedge angle surface is in contact
  • the present invention also provides a ball end mill, comprising a tool holder and the milling cutter head as described above; the front end of the tool holder is provided with a clamping groove; the milling cutter head is detachably mounted on In the clamping groove.
  • the present invention also provides a ball end mill, including a tool holder and the above-mentioned milling cutter head integrally formed on the front end of the tool holder.
  • the present invention has at least the following advantages and positive effects:
  • the two main cutting edges pass through the smooth transition of the center edge, and can contact the workpiece relatively smoothly, reducing cutting impact; more importantly Yes, the center edge is formed on the intersection line of two symmetrically arranged wedge angle surfaces to ensure that the center edge has a certain thickness, so that the center cutting edge has greater strength; further, the center edge is uniform on each side A penetrating chip removal space is formed, and the chips generated at each position can be discharged smoothly, avoiding chip clogging and reducing cutting resistance.
  • the center area of the front end of the milling cutter head has higher strength and a smoother chip removal path, which can effectively reduce the possibility of tool breakage and improve tool life.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a ball end mill according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a milling cutter head according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is an end view of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a top view of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view at C in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view at M in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 7 is a view A-A in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of D in Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 9 is an F-F view of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the use state of Fig. 2.
  • Tool holder 21. Tool holder body; 22. Jaw; 24. Clamping groove.
  • the invention provides a milling cutter head and a ball end milling cutter with the milling cutter head.
  • the ball end mill may have a replaceable cutter head structure, or an integrated cutter head and tool holder structure.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a ball-end end mill with a replaceable head in an embodiment.
  • the ball end mill includes a tool holder 2 and a milling cutter head 1 detachably mounted on the tool holder 2.
  • the tool holder 2 includes a tool holder main body 21 and two spaced jaws 22 extending from the front end of the tool holder main body 21 (the jaws located above the milling cutter head 1 are removed in the figure).
  • a clamping groove 24 is formed between the handle body 21 and the two jaws 22.
  • the milling cutter head 1 can be fitted in the clamping groove 24, clamped between the two jaws 22, and then fixed to the tool holder 2 by a screw 3.
  • the tool holder 2 has a roughly cylindrical structure.
  • the tool holder 2 takes the milling tool head 1 to rotate around the central axis of the tool holder 2, and the milling tool head 1 is to be cut The workpiece is processed.
  • the screw 3 can be removed, the old milling cutter head 1 is removed, and the new milling cutter head 1 is replaced and tightened again.
  • the ball end mill may also have an integrated structure, and the milling cutter head is integrally formed at the front end of the tool holder.
  • this embodiment is introduced through a replaceable milling cutter head 1.
  • the milling cutter head 1 is substantially a flat structure (or a one-piece structure), and the milling cutter head 1 has a first surface 17 and a second surface 18 opposed to each other.
  • the first surface 17 and the second surface The two surfaces 18 are both flat and substantially parallel to each other.
  • the milling cutter head 1 is provided with a central hole 19 passing through the first surface 17 and the second surface 18. Referring to FIG. 1, when the milling tool head 1 is mounted on the tool holder 2, the first surface 17 and the second surface 18 are in contact with the jaw 22 of the tool holder 2, and the central hole 19 is for the screw 3 to pass through.
  • the rotation center axis L is parallel to the first surface 17 and the second surface 18, and is located in the middle position between the first surface 17 and the second surface 18.
  • the rotation center axis L is also connected to the axis of the center hole 19 (not shown in FIG. 2 Show) intersect.
  • the direction defining the end of the milling cutter head 1 in contact with the workpiece is “front”, and the direction of the end away from the workpiece and close to the tool holder 2 is “rear”.
  • a central edge 101 and two main cutting edges 103 respectively connected to the two ends of the central edge 101 are formed in the front area of the outer peripheral surface connecting the first surface 17 and the second surface 18.
  • the central edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 together constitute the milling
  • the cutting edge of the cutter head 1 is used to process the workpiece.
  • the rotation trajectories of the cutting edges that is, including the central edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 are on the same hemisphere, so that spherical machining can be performed on the workpiece.
  • the two main cutting edges 103 are arranged on the left and right sides of the center edge 101 respectively.
  • the center edge 101 is located at the foremost end of the milling cutter head 1.
  • the center blade 101 is in the shape of a spatial arc, and extends obliquely and monotonously with respect to the first surface 17 and the second surface 18, and has a certain length.
  • the midpoint of the center blade 101 intersects the rotation center axis L, and the center blade 101 is centered symmetric with respect to the rotation center axis L.
  • the two main cutting edges 103 are in a spatial arc shape, are smoothly connected to the central edge 101 and extend along the outer circumference of the milling cutter head 1.
  • the combination of the central edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 is in an "S" shape.
  • the main cutting edge 103 has a curved shape and extends in a curved shape between the first surface 17 and the second surface 18.
  • the main cutting edge 103 on the right side extends from the end of the central edge 101 toward the first surface 17 first, and then away from the first surface 17 toward the second surface 18.
  • the extended shape of the main cutting edge 103 on the left is just the opposite.
  • the center edge 101 is in a smooth curve shape, and its two ends are smoothly connected to the two main cutting edges 103 respectively.
  • the center edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 are combined into an "S" shape, so that the center edge 101 and the main cutting edge 103 can be smoothly and smoothly connected.
  • the center edge 101 and the main cutting edge 103 The cutting edge 103 can contact the workpiece relatively smoothly, reducing the cutting impact and the probability of tool vibration. In the case of long-term processing, it can effectively reduce the possibility of tool breakage and improve tool life.
  • the front end of the milling cutter head 1 is semicircular.
  • the projections of the central edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 fall on the outer contour line of the semicircle.
  • the central edge 101 is located in the central area of the semicircle.
  • the two main cutting edges 103 are arranged on both sides of the central edge 101. .
  • the projections of the central edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 can form a semicircle, which is also a side view of the hemisphere formed by the cutting edge rotation path.
  • the center edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 work together to form a spherical curved surface during cutting.
  • the end of the main cutting edge 103 away from the central edge 101 is not limited to the end of the semicircle. According to actual conditions, the main cutting edge 103 may further extend backward.
  • the ratio of the extension length b of the central edge 101 (marked in FIG. 3) to the radius R of the semicircle (marked in FIG. 4, which also represents the radius of the hemisphere formed by the cutting edge rotation path) is 1. : 20 ⁇ 1:30, which can better ensure the strength of the milling cutter head 1 and prevent the center edge 101 from cracking.
  • the milling cutter head 1 has at least a wedge angle surface 111 and a central chip removal surface 112 on the outer peripheral surface between the first surface 17 and the second surface 18 , The front corner surface 131, the main chip removal surface 132 and the rear corner surface 133.
  • the front corner surface 131, the main chip removal surface 132 and the rear corner surface 133 are arranged corresponding to the main cutting edge 103.
  • the wedge surface 111 and the central chip removal surface 112 are arranged corresponding to the central edge 101.
  • the main cutting edge 103 located on the right side of the center edge 101 is taken as an example for specific description.
  • the main cutting edge 103 and the first surface 17 are connected by a rake surface 131 and a main chip removal surface 132.
  • the rake surface 131 is adjacent to the main cutting edge 103, located in front of the main cutting edge 103 in the direction of rotation, and defines the rake angle of the main cutting edge 103; during cutting, the rake surface 131 directly acts on the cut part of the workpiece and controls Chips are discharged along it, also called the rake face.
  • the main chip removal surface 132 is in contact with the first surface 17. Between the main chip removal surface 132 and the rake surface 131 is formed a chip removal groove 136 for chip removal when the main cutting edge 103 cuts.
  • the main cutting edge 103 has a positive rake angle, and the rake angle is preferably between 3° and 8° to ensure sufficient cutting strength and improve the sharpness of the main cutting edge 103.
  • the rake angle of the main cutting edge 103 can also be reasonably designed according to the actual application.
  • the main cutting edge 103 and the second surface 18 are connected by a back corner surface 133.
  • the rear corner surface 133 is divided into a main rear corner surface 1331 and a secondary rear corner surface 1332.
  • the main relief angle surface 1331 is adjacent to the main cutting edge 103, located behind the main cutting edge 103 in the direction of rotation, and defines the relief angle of the main cutting edge 103.
  • the main rear angle surface 1331 and the rake angle surface 131 intersect, and the main cutting edge 103 is provided on the intersection line of the two.
  • both the main relief angle surface 1331 and the auxiliary relief angle surface 1332 are opposite to the finished surface of the workpiece, and the relief angle surface 133 may also be called the relief surface.
  • the secondary rear corner surface 1332 is in contact with the second surface 18, and the secondary rear corner surface 1332 is more inclined to the second surface 18 relative to the main rear corner surface 1331, thereby forming an avoidance space to ensure that it will not be with the finished surface of the workpiece put one's oar in.
  • the rear corner surface 133 may also have only the main rear corner surface 1331 without the auxiliary rear corner surface 1332.
  • Both the extended shape and the extended length of the main cutting edge 103 can be reasonably designed according to actual use occasions, and are not limited here. According to the extended shape of the main cutting edge 103 and the required rake angle and the size of the rear angle, the rake surface 131, the main chip removal surface 132 and the rear angle surface 133 can be adjusted and designed adaptively within a feasible range.
  • the two wedge angle surfaces 111 are centrally symmetrical with respect to the rotation center axis L, and the two wedge angle surfaces 111 intersect, and the intersection line of the two forms the central edge 101.
  • the wedge surface 111 when viewed from a section perpendicular to the rotation center axis L, the wedge surface 111 is a smooth curved surface in the extending direction of the center edge 101. In this embodiment, further, the curved surface is a concave curved surface.
  • the wedge angle surfaces 111 on both sides can be considered to constitute a rake surface and a flank surface respectively.
  • the right half of the central edge 101 the right half of the wedge surface 111 located above the central edge 101 can be regarded as the rake surface, which is located below the central edge 101
  • the right half of the wedge surface 111 can be regarded as a relief surface.
  • the left half of the wedge surface 111 located above the center edge 101 can be regarded as a relief surface
  • the left half of the wedge surface 111 located below the center edge 101 can be regarded as Rake face.
  • the wedge surface 111 is a smooth curved surface, the chips generated by the right half of the center edge 101 during cutting can actually be discharged along the entire wedge surface 111 on the upper side; similarly, the chips generated by the left half of the center edge 101 It can be discharged along the entire wedge angle surface 111 on the lower side. Therefore, by providing the two wedge angle surfaces 111 and the center edge 101, the chip discharge space at the tip of the cutter head can be effectively enlarged, and the cutting performance of the cutter head can be improved.
  • the cross section at AA shown in FIG. 8 passes through the central axis of rotation L.
  • the curves representing the two wedge surfaces 111 are symmetrical, and the angle between the two wedge surfaces 111 at this position is defined as ⁇ .
  • the section F-F shown in Fig. 9 deviates from the central axis of rotation L.
  • the curves representing the two wedge angle surfaces 111 are asymmetrical, and the angle at this position is defined as ⁇ .
  • the angle between the two wedge angle surfaces 111 is both 55° to 80°, that is The angles ⁇ and ⁇ at the two cross-sections mentioned above are both in the range of 55° to 80°. Therefore, a certain thickness can be ensured at the foremost end of the milling cutter head 1, thereby ensuring the strength of the center edge 101, and at the same time, the center edge 101 has a good cutting performance and provides a good tip cutting effect.
  • the angle between the two wedge angle surfaces 111 exhibits the following change rule: from the middle of the central blade 101 to the two ends, the included angle gradually increases Big. That is to say, at the middle position of the central edge 101, that is, at the position where it intersects the central axis of rotation L, the angle between the two wedge angle surfaces 111 is the smallest; at the end position of the central edge 101, that is, it and the main cutting edge 103 At the position where they meet, the angle between the two wedge angle surfaces 111 is the largest. According to this change rule, the aforementioned included angle ⁇ is greater than ⁇ .
  • the center of the center edge 101 has a higher sharpness, reduces cutting resistance, and improves the cutting performance of the tip; and the center edge 101 near the two ends has a relatively large thickness, which has higher strength and can
  • the middle position of the center blade 101 plays a role of strengthening and enhances the strength of the center position of the center blade 101.
  • one end of the wedge surface 111 is connected with the main back angle surface 1331 of one of the main cutting edges 103, and the other end is connected with the rake surface 131 and main back angle surface 131 of the other main cutting edge 103.
  • the chip removal surfaces 132 are connected. Thereby, a space is formed on both the upper and lower sides of the center edge 101 to penetrate the chip flute 136 of one of the main cutting edges 103 to the rear corner surface 133 of the other main cutting edge 103.
  • the joint between the wedge surface 111 and the main rear angle surface 1331 is relatively smooth, and there is an obtuse angle between the two, and the joint can be polished to form a smooth transition.
  • the structure of this embodiment forms a transition through the wedge surface 111. This connection structure is much gentler.
  • the structure of is equivalent to forming an avoidance space in the center edge 101 area, so this design will make it easier to discharge chips, reduce the cutting resistance at the center edge 101, and increase the life of the tool.
  • the central chip removal surface 112 connected to the wedge angle surface 111 and the first surface 17 (or the second surface 18) also increases the chip removal space of the center edge 101, which is more convenient for chip removal at the center edge 101.
  • the central chip removal surface 112 and the wedge angle surface 111 are smoothly connected.
  • the central chip removal surface 112 includes a first chip removal surface 1121 and a second chip removal surface 1122 with an included angle, a first chip removal surface 1121 and a second chip removal surface 1122
  • the surfaces 1122 are all planes and are arranged along the outer circumference of the milling cutter head 1 left and right.
  • the first chip removal surface 1121 is connected with the rear corner surface 133
  • the second chip removal surface 1122 is connected with the main chip removal surface 132.
  • the slope of the second chip removal surface 1122 with respect to the rear angle surface 133 is greater than the slope of the first chip removal surface 1121 with respect to the rear angle surface 133.
  • the chip removal space at the second chip removal surface 1122 is compared with that of the first chip removal surface 1122.
  • the chip evacuation space at the surface 1121 is larger, that is, the chip evacuation space near the chip groove 136 is larger.
  • This structure on the one hand is more compliant with the direction of chip discharge, on the other hand it is more convenient for the smooth transition from the main chip removal surface 132 of one main cutting edge 103 to the rear corner surface 133 of the other main cutting edge 103, and is more It is beneficial to make the front end of the milling cutter head 1 have greater strength.
  • the central chip removal surface 112 can also be designed as a larger number of planes connected, wherein, preferably, in the extending direction of the central edge 101, the plane farther from the rear corner surface 133 is opposite to The rear corner surface 133 has a larger slope.
  • the central edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 contact the workpiece 5 respectively.
  • the milling cutter head 1 rotates around the central axis of rotation L, and processes a flat or spherical curved surface on the workpiece 5 along with the cutting path.
  • the wedge surface 111 (refer to Figure 2) on both sides of the center edge 101 can contact the workpiece 5, and the workpiece 5 is processed, and the wedge surface 111 (refer to Figure 2 ).
  • a central chip groove 116 is formed between the central chip surface 112 and the surface of the workpiece 5, and the chips can be discharged smoothly when they reach the central area where the central edge 101 is located.
  • the main chip flute 136 when the main chip flute 136 (refer to FIG. 5) is too late to be discharged, it can also be discharged through the central chip flute 116, so that the chip evacuation is more smooth.
  • the milling cutter head 1 is installed on the tool holder 2 during operation, and the tool moves along the moving track of the tool holder 2.
  • the rotation center axis L of the milling cutter head 1 coincides with the center axis of the tool holder 2.
  • the first surface 17 and the second surface 18 of the milling cutter head 1 are in contact with the jaws 22 of the shank 2, and the screws 3 fasten the two jaws of the shank 2.
  • the part 22 passes through the central hole 19 of the milling cutter head 1, so that the milling cutter head 1 and the tool holder 2 are fixed.
  • the parallel first surface 17 and the second surface 18 of the milling cutter head 1 described in the above embodiments are not necessary.
  • the first surface 17 and the second surface 18 may not be flat surfaces, and some grooves or protrusions may be provided on one surface for cooperative use; or, the first surface 17 and the second surface 18 may not It must be parallel, it can have a certain angle, etc.
  • the central hole 19 on the milling cutter head 1 can be removed, and the first surface 17 and the second surface 18 can also be other forms structure.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

A milling cutter, having a central cutting edge (101), two main cutting edges (103) respectively extending from two ends of the central cutting edge along the outer periphery of the milling cutter, and two wedge surfaces (111) symmetrically arranged at two sides of the central cutting edge; the central cutting edge (101) is located at the forward-most end of the milling cutter and passes through the rotation center of the milling cutter; the two main cutting edges (103) are connected to the central cutting edge (101) in a smooth transition manner, and the rotation trajectories thereof are on the same hemisphere; a front corner surface (131) and a main chip-removing surface (132) for defining a chip-removing groove are sequentially formed in front of each main cutting edge (103) in the rotation direction; a back corner surface (133) is formed at the rear of each main cutting edge (101) in the rotation direction; an intersecting line of the two wedge surfaces (111) constitutes the central cutting edge (101); one end of each wedge surface (111) is connected to the front corner surface (131) and the main chip-removing surface (132) of one of the main cutting edges, and the other end of the wedge surface (111) is connected to the back corner surface (133) of the other main cutting edge, so that on each side of the central cutting edge, a space that runs through the chip-removing groove (136) of one of the main cutting edges to the back corner surface of the other main cutting edge is formed. The milling cutter can prolong the service life of the milling cutter. Also disclosed is a ball end mill having said milling cutter.

Description

铣削刀头及球头立铣刀Milling cutter head and ball end mill 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及切削刀具,特别涉及一种铣削刀头及球头立铣刀。The invention relates to a cutting tool, in particular to a milling cutter head and a ball end milling cutter.
背景技术Background technique
球头立铣刀作为一种切削刀具,尤其适用于对被切削件进行曲面的仿形加工。As a kind of cutting tool, the ball end mill is especially suitable for the profiling of the surface of the workpiece.
例如中国发明专利CN104703737B公开了一种球头立铣刀以及镶刀,其刀头的切刃从正前方看呈现“S”形,位于刀头的旋转中心轴两边的切刃相交于旋转中心轴上的点“P”处,该“P”点为刀头的最前端(也即最尖端)的端点。其中,刀头安装在刀柄上时,刀头的旋转中心轴与刀柄的旋转中心轴重合。For example, Chinese invention patent CN104703737B discloses a ball end mill and insert. The cutting edge of the cutter head is in an "S" shape when viewed from the front. The cutting edges on both sides of the rotation center axis of the cutter head intersect the rotation center axis. At the point "P" on the upper side, the "P" point is the end point of the tip (that is, the tip). Wherein, when the cutter head is installed on the cutter handle, the rotation center axis of the cutter head coincides with the rotation center axis of the cutter handle.
球头立铣刀在机械加工期间,刀头绕其旋转中心轴转动而对被切削件进行加工。沿切刃的延伸长度上,切刃各处的切削速度随着距旋转中心轴的距离而发生变化。在刀头的旋转中心轴处,切刃的切削速度为零。这通常导致切刃的过早磨损和变钝、碎裂或破碎,缩短刀具的使用寿命。During the machining of the ball end mill, the cutter head rotates around its central axis of rotation to process the workpiece. Along the extended length of the cutting edge, the cutting speed at various points of the cutting edge varies with the distance from the central axis of rotation. At the central axis of rotation of the cutter head, the cutting speed of the cutting edge is zero. This usually leads to premature wear and dullness of the cutting edge, chipping or shattering, shortening the tool life.
专利CN104703737B提供的方案中,两边切刃相交于旋转中心轴上的P点,加工时,由于刀头最尖端切削速度为零,刀头与工件在最尖端处发生滑动刮擦,切削阻力非常大,因此尖端部分容易过早磨损和变钝、碎裂或破碎,缩短刀具的使用寿命。In the solution provided by the patent CN104703737B, the cutting edges on both sides intersect at point P on the central axis of rotation. During processing, since the cutting speed at the tip of the cutter head is zero, the cutter head and the workpiece slide and scrape at the tip, and the cutting resistance is very large. Therefore, the tip part is prone to premature wear and dullness, chipping or broken, shortening the service life of the tool.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种铣削刀头,提高刀具寿命。An object of the present invention is to provide a milling cutter head to improve the life of the cutter.
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种具有上述铣削刀头的球头立铣刀。Another object of the present invention is to provide a ball end mill with the above-mentioned milling cutter head.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
根据本发明的一个方面,本发明提供一种铣削刀头,具有一中心刃,位于所述铣削刀头的最前端,并穿过所述铣削刀头的旋转中心;还具有两主切刃,分别从所述中心刃的两端沿着所述铣削刀头的外周延伸;两主切刃与所述中心刃圆滑过渡相接,并且绕所述旋转中心旋转时,两主切刃与中心刃的旋转轨迹在同一个半球上;每一主切刃的旋转方向的前方依次形成有前角面和用于限定出排屑槽的主排屑面;每一主切刃的旋转方向的后方形成后角面;以及两楔角面,对称布置于所述中心刃的两侧;两楔角面的相交线构成所述中心刃;每一所述楔角面的一端与其中一所述主切刃的所述前角面及所述主排屑面相接,所述楔角面的另一端与另一所述主切刃的所述后角面相接,从而在所述中心刃的每一侧均形成了贯通其中一所述主切刃的排屑槽至另一所述主切刃的后角面的空间。According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a milling cutter head with a center edge located at the foremost end of the milling cutter head and passing through the center of rotation of the milling cutter head; and also having two main cutting edges, Respectively extend from both ends of the central blade along the outer circumference of the milling cutter head; when the two main cutting edges are smoothly connected to the central blade and rotate around the center of rotation, the two main cutting edges and the central blade The rotation trajectory of each main cutting edge is on the same hemisphere; the front of the rotation direction of each main cutting edge is sequentially formed with a rake surface and a main chip removal surface used to define the chip flute; the rotation direction of each main cutting edge is formed behind And two wedge angle surfaces, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center edge; the intersection line of the two wedge angle surfaces constitutes the center edge; one end of each wedge angle surface is connected to one of the main cuts The rake surface and the main chip removal surface of the blade are in contact with each other, and the other end of the wedge angle surface is in contact with the back angle surface of the other main cutting edge, so that each of the center edges On one side, a space is formed from the chip flute of one of the main cutting edges to the back corner surface of the other main cutting edge.
根据本发明的另一个方面,本发明还提供一种球头立铣刀,包括刀柄和如上所述的铣削刀头;刀柄前端部设有装夹槽;铣削刀头可拆卸地安装在所述装夹槽中。According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a ball end mill, comprising a tool holder and the milling cutter head as described above; the front end of the tool holder is provided with a clamping groove; the milling cutter head is detachably mounted on In the clamping groove.
根据本发明的又一个方面,本发明还提供一种球头立铣刀,包括刀柄和一体成型于刀柄前端的如上所述的铣削刀头。According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a ball end mill, including a tool holder and the above-mentioned milling cutter head integrally formed on the front end of the tool holder.
由上述技术方案可知,本发明至少具有如下优点和积极效果:本发明的铣削刀头中,两条主切刃通过中心刃圆滑过渡,与工件能够相对平缓地接触,降低切削冲击;更重要的是,中心刃形成于两个对称布置的楔角面的相交线上,保证中心刃处具有一定的厚度,从而使得中心切刃具有较大的强度;进一步地,在中心刃的每一侧均形成有贯通的排屑空间,各个位置产生的切屑都能顺畅排出,避免切屑堵塞,减小切削抵抗。基于本发明的方案,铣削刀头的前端中心区域处具有更高的强度以及更顺畅的排屑途径,能有效降低刀具崩损的可能性,提高刀具寿命。It can be seen from the above technical solution that the present invention has at least the following advantages and positive effects: In the milling cutter head of the present invention, the two main cutting edges pass through the smooth transition of the center edge, and can contact the workpiece relatively smoothly, reducing cutting impact; more importantly Yes, the center edge is formed on the intersection line of two symmetrically arranged wedge angle surfaces to ensure that the center edge has a certain thickness, so that the center cutting edge has greater strength; further, the center edge is uniform on each side A penetrating chip removal space is formed, and the chips generated at each position can be discharged smoothly, avoiding chip clogging and reducing cutting resistance. Based on the solution of the present invention, the center area of the front end of the milling cutter head has higher strength and a smoother chip removal path, which can effectively reduce the possibility of tool breakage and improve tool life.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明一实施例的球头立铣刀的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a ball end mill according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明一实施例的铣削刀头的立体结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a milling cutter head according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图3是图2的端面视图。Fig. 3 is an end view of Fig. 2.
图4是图3的俯视图。Fig. 4 is a top view of Fig. 3.
图5是图4中C处断面示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view at C in Fig. 4.
图6是图4中M处断面示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view at M in Fig. 4.
图7是图3的A-A视图。Fig. 7 is a view A-A in Fig. 3.
图8是图7中D处局部放大示意图。Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of D in Fig. 7.
图9是图3的F-F视图。Fig. 9 is an F-F view of Fig. 3.
图10是图2的使用状态示意图。Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the use state of Fig. 2.
其中,上述图5至图9中均省略了剖面线的示意。Wherein, the illustration of the hatching is omitted in the foregoing FIGS. 5 to 9.
附图标记说明如下:1、铣削刀头。The reference signs are explained as follows: 1. Milling cutter head.
17、第一表面;18、第二表面;19、中心孔。17. The first surface; 18. The second surface; 19. The central hole.
101、中心刃。101. The center blade.
111、楔角面;112、中心排屑面;1121、第一排屑面;1122、第二排屑面;116、中心排屑槽。111. Wedge angle surface; 112, central chip removal surface; 1121, first chip removal surface; 1122, second chip removal surface; 116, central chip removal groove.
103、主切刃。103, the main cutting edge.
131、前角面;132、主排屑面;133、后角面;1331、主后角面;1332、副后角面;136、排屑槽。131. Front angle surface; 132. Main chip removal surface; 133. Rear angle surface; 1331. Main rear angle surface; 1332. Sub-rear angle surface; 136. Chip removal groove.
2、刀柄;21、刀柄主体;22、颚部;24、装夹槽。2. Tool holder; 21. Tool holder body; 22. Jaw; 24. Clamping groove.
3、螺钉。3. Screw.
5、工件。5. Workpiece.
具体实施方式detailed description
体现本发明特征与优点的典型实施方式将在以下的说明中详细叙述。应理解的是本发明能够在不同的实施方式上具有各种的变化,其皆不脱离本发明的范围,且其中的说明及图示在本质上是当作说明之用,而非用以限制本发明。Typical embodiments embodying the features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following description. It should be understood that the present invention can have various changes in different implementations, which do not depart from the scope of the present invention, and the descriptions and illustrations therein are essentially for illustrative purposes, rather than limiting this invention.
本发明提供一种铣削刀头和具有该铣削刀头的球头立铣刀。其中,球头立铣刀可以是刀头可更换式的结构,也可以是刀头与刀柄一体式的结构。The invention provides a milling cutter head and a ball end milling cutter with the milling cutter head. Among them, the ball end mill may have a replaceable cutter head structure, or an integrated cutter head and tool holder structure.
图1示意了一实施方式中刀头可更换式的球头立铣刀。该球头立铣刀包括刀柄2和可拆卸地安装在该刀柄2上的铣削刀头1。刀柄2包括刀柄主体21和从刀柄主体21前端伸出的相间隔的两颚部22(图中去除了位于铣削刀头1上方的颚部的示意)。刀柄主体21与两个颚部22之间即形成了一装夹槽24。铣削刀头1能够适配地安装在该装夹槽24内,被夹设在两个颚部22之间,再通过一螺钉3与刀柄2相固定。Fig. 1 illustrates a ball-end end mill with a replaceable head in an embodiment. The ball end mill includes a tool holder 2 and a milling cutter head 1 detachably mounted on the tool holder 2. The tool holder 2 includes a tool holder main body 21 and two spaced jaws 22 extending from the front end of the tool holder main body 21 (the jaws located above the milling cutter head 1 are removed in the figure). A clamping groove 24 is formed between the handle body 21 and the two jaws 22. The milling cutter head 1 can be fitted in the clamping groove 24, clamped between the two jaws 22, and then fixed to the tool holder 2 by a screw 3.
刀柄2大致地呈柱状结构,铣削刀头1安装于刀柄2中进行切削加工时,刀柄2带着铣削刀头1绕着刀柄2的中心轴旋转,通过铣削刀头1对待切削的工件进行加工。The tool holder 2 has a roughly cylindrical structure. When the milling tool head 1 is installed in the tool holder 2 for cutting, the tool holder 2 takes the milling tool head 1 to rotate around the central axis of the tool holder 2, and the milling tool head 1 is to be cut The workpiece is processed.
当铣削刀头1需更换时,可拆下螺钉3,去除旧的铣削刀头1,换上新的铣削刀头1重新紧固。When the milling cutter head 1 needs to be replaced, the screw 3 can be removed, the old milling cutter head 1 is removed, and the new milling cutter head 1 is replaced and tightened again.
在其他未图示的实施方式中,球头立铣刀也可以是一体式结构,铣削刀头一体成型于刀柄前端。In other embodiments not shown in the figure, the ball end mill may also have an integrated structure, and the milling cutter head is integrally formed at the front end of the tool holder.
以下结合附图对球头立铣刀中铣削刀头1的结构进行详细说明。The structure of the milling cutter head 1 in the ball end mill will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.
参阅图2至图4,本实施例通过可更换式的铣削刀头1进行介绍。Referring to FIGS. 2 to 4, this embodiment is introduced through a replaceable milling cutter head 1.
本实施例中,该铣削刀头1大致为一平板状结构(或者说为一块状结构),该铣削刀头1具有相对的第一表面17和第二表面18,第一表面17和第二表面18均为平面,且基本上相互平行。In this embodiment, the milling cutter head 1 is substantially a flat structure (or a one-piece structure), and the milling cutter head 1 has a first surface 17 and a second surface 18 opposed to each other. The first surface 17 and the second surface The two surfaces 18 are both flat and substantially parallel to each other.
该铣削刀头1上设有贯通第一表面17和第二表面18的中心孔19。参考图1,当该铣削刀头1安装于刀柄2上时,该第一表面17和第二表面18与刀柄2的颚部22接触,该中心孔19供螺钉3穿设。The milling cutter head 1 is provided with a central hole 19 passing through the first surface 17 and the second surface 18. Referring to FIG. 1, when the milling tool head 1 is mounted on the tool holder 2, the first surface 17 and the second surface 18 are in contact with the jaw 22 of the tool holder 2, and the central hole 19 is for the screw 3 to pass through.
该铣削刀头1在工作时,绕旋转中心轴L转动,图2中箭头示意了旋转方向。该旋转中心轴L平行于第一表面17和第二表面18,并位于第一表面17和第二表面18之间的中间位置,旋转中心轴L还与中心孔19的轴线(图2中未示出)相交。When the milling cutter head 1 is working, it rotates around the central axis of rotation L. The arrow in Fig. 2 indicates the direction of rotation. The rotation center axis L is parallel to the first surface 17 and the second surface 18, and is located in the middle position between the first surface 17 and the second surface 18. The rotation center axis L is also connected to the axis of the center hole 19 (not shown in FIG. 2 Show) intersect.
沿该旋转中心轴L的方向上,定义该铣削刀头1与工件接触的一端的方向为“前”,远离工件而靠近刀柄2的一端的方向为“后”。In the direction of the central axis of rotation L, the direction defining the end of the milling cutter head 1 in contact with the workpiece is “front”, and the direction of the end away from the workpiece and close to the tool holder 2 is “rear”.
在连接第一表面17和第二表面18的外周面的前部区域形成有一中心刃101以及分别连接中心刃101两端的两主切刃103,中心刃101和两主切刃103共同构成该铣削刀头1的切削刃,用于对工件进行加工。在该铣削刀头1绕旋转中心轴L旋转时,该切削刃(即包含中心刃101和两主切刃103)的旋转轨迹在同一个半球上,从而可在工件上进行球面加工。以图2的视图方向为参照,两个主切刃103分列于中心刃101的左右两侧。A central edge 101 and two main cutting edges 103 respectively connected to the two ends of the central edge 101 are formed in the front area of the outer peripheral surface connecting the first surface 17 and the second surface 18. The central edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 together constitute the milling The cutting edge of the cutter head 1 is used to process the workpiece. When the milling cutter head 1 rotates around the central axis of rotation L, the rotation trajectories of the cutting edges (that is, including the central edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103) are on the same hemisphere, so that spherical machining can be performed on the workpiece. With reference to the view direction of FIG. 2, the two main cutting edges 103 are arranged on the left and right sides of the center edge 101 respectively.
中心刃101位于铣削刀头1的最前端。中心刃101呈空间圆弧状,相对于第一表面17和第二表面18倾斜地单调延伸,具有一定的长度。中心刃101的中点与旋转中心轴L相交,中心刃101相对于旋转中心轴L呈中心对称。两个主切刃103呈空间圆弧状,与中心刃101圆滑过渡连接,沿着铣削刀头1的外周延伸。The center edge 101 is located at the foremost end of the milling cutter head 1. The center blade 101 is in the shape of a spatial arc, and extends obliquely and monotonously with respect to the first surface 17 and the second surface 18, and has a certain length. The midpoint of the center blade 101 intersects the rotation center axis L, and the center blade 101 is centered symmetric with respect to the rotation center axis L. The two main cutting edges 103 are in a spatial arc shape, are smoothly connected to the central edge 101 and extend along the outer circumference of the milling cutter head 1.
以图3所示的铣削刀头1的端面视图上看,中心刃101与两个主切刃103组合呈“S”形。主切刃103为弯曲的形状,在第一表面17和第二表面18之间呈曲线状延伸。位于右侧的主切刃103从中心刃101的端部起,先往第一表面17方向延伸,而后又背离第一表面17往第二表面18的方向延伸。而位于左侧的主切刃103的延伸形状则刚好相反。中心刃101呈平滑的曲线状,其两端分别平滑地衔接两个主切刃103。中心刃101与两个主切刃103组合成“S”形,使得中心刃101与主切刃103能够光滑平稳地过渡连接,在进行断续切削以及其他加工情况的场合,中心刃101和主切刃103能够和工件相对平缓地接触,降低切削冲击以及振刀几率,在长时间加工的情况下,能有效降低刀具崩损的可能性,提高刀具寿命。From the end view of the milling cutter head 1 shown in FIG. 3, the combination of the central edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 is in an "S" shape. The main cutting edge 103 has a curved shape and extends in a curved shape between the first surface 17 and the second surface 18. The main cutting edge 103 on the right side extends from the end of the central edge 101 toward the first surface 17 first, and then away from the first surface 17 toward the second surface 18. The extended shape of the main cutting edge 103 on the left is just the opposite. The center edge 101 is in a smooth curve shape, and its two ends are smoothly connected to the two main cutting edges 103 respectively. The center edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 are combined into an "S" shape, so that the center edge 101 and the main cutting edge 103 can be smoothly and smoothly connected. In the case of interrupted cutting and other processing conditions, the center edge 101 and the main cutting edge 103 The cutting edge 103 can contact the workpiece relatively smoothly, reducing the cutting impact and the probability of tool vibration. In the case of long-term processing, it can effectively reduce the possibility of tool breakage and improve tool life.
从图4所示的俯视图上看,铣削刀头1的前端呈半圆形。中心刃101和两个主切刃103的投影落在该半圆形的外轮廓线上,中心刃101位于该半圆形的中心区域,两个主切刃103分列在中心刃101的两边。换言之,中心刃101和两个主切刃103的投影可以组成一个半圆,该半圆也是切削刃旋转轨迹所形成的半球的侧视图。由此,中心刃101与两个主切刃103在切削加工时共同作用而加工出球形的曲面。但可以理解的是,实际上主切刃103远离中心刃101的一端并不限定于终止在半圆形的端点处,根据实际情况,主切刃103还可进一步地向后延伸。From the top view shown in FIG. 4, the front end of the milling cutter head 1 is semicircular. The projections of the central edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 fall on the outer contour line of the semicircle. The central edge 101 is located in the central area of the semicircle. The two main cutting edges 103 are arranged on both sides of the central edge 101. . In other words, the projections of the central edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 can form a semicircle, which is also a side view of the hemisphere formed by the cutting edge rotation path. As a result, the center edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 work together to form a spherical curved surface during cutting. However, it is understandable that, in fact, the end of the main cutting edge 103 away from the central edge 101 is not limited to the end of the semicircle. According to actual conditions, the main cutting edge 103 may further extend backward.
较佳地,中心刃101的延伸长度b(如图3中标注)与该半圆的半径R(如图4中标注,其也代表了切削刃旋转轨迹所形成的半球的半径)之比为1:20~1:30,可以更好地保证铣削刀头1的强度,防止中心刃101崩裂。Preferably, the ratio of the extension length b of the central edge 101 (marked in FIG. 3) to the radius R of the semicircle (marked in FIG. 4, which also represents the radius of the hemisphere formed by the cutting edge rotation path) is 1. : 20~1:30, which can better ensure the strength of the milling cutter head 1 and prevent the center edge 101 from cracking.
参阅图2,对应于该中心刃101和两个主切刃103,该铣削刀头1在第一表面17和第二表面18之间的外周面至少具有楔角面111、中心排屑面112、前角面131、主排屑面132和后角面133。2, corresponding to the central edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103, the milling cutter head 1 has at least a wedge angle surface 111 and a central chip removal surface 112 on the outer peripheral surface between the first surface 17 and the second surface 18 , The front corner surface 131, the main chip removal surface 132 and the rear corner surface 133.
其中,前角面131、主排屑面132和后角面133对应于主切刃103设置。楔角面111和中心排屑面112对应于中心刃101设置。Among them, the front corner surface 131, the main chip removal surface 132 and the rear corner surface 133 are arranged corresponding to the main cutting edge 103. The wedge surface 111 and the central chip removal surface 112 are arranged corresponding to the central edge 101.
以图2的视图方向为参照,以位于中心刃101右侧的主切刃103为例进行具体说明。Taking the view direction of FIG. 2 as a reference, the main cutting edge 103 located on the right side of the center edge 101 is taken as an example for specific description.
一并参阅图2和图5,该主切刃103与第一表面17之间通过前角面131和主排屑面132连接。前角面131紧邻主切刃103,位于主切刃103旋转方向的前方,限定出主切刃103的前角;在切削工作时,前角面131直接作用于工件的被切削部位,并控制切屑沿其排出,也称作前刀面。主排屑面132与第一表面17相接。主排屑面132与前角面131之间形成供主切刃103切削时排屑的排屑槽136。2 and 5 together, the main cutting edge 103 and the first surface 17 are connected by a rake surface 131 and a main chip removal surface 132. The rake surface 131 is adjacent to the main cutting edge 103, located in front of the main cutting edge 103 in the direction of rotation, and defines the rake angle of the main cutting edge 103; during cutting, the rake surface 131 directly acts on the cut part of the workpiece and controls Chips are discharged along it, also called the rake face. The main chip removal surface 132 is in contact with the first surface 17. Between the main chip removal surface 132 and the rake surface 131 is formed a chip removal groove 136 for chip removal when the main cutting edge 103 cuts.
图5所示的实施方式中,主切刃103具有正的前角,且前角较佳在3°~8°之间,保证足够的切削强度,提高主切刃103的锋利性。但在其他实施方式中,主切刃103的前角也可以根据实际使用场合进行合理设计。In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the main cutting edge 103 has a positive rake angle, and the rake angle is preferably between 3° and 8° to ensure sufficient cutting strength and improve the sharpness of the main cutting edge 103. However, in other embodiments, the rake angle of the main cutting edge 103 can also be reasonably designed according to the actual application.
仍然参阅图2和图5,主切刃103与第二表面18之间通过后角面133连接。具体地,本实施例中,后角面133分为主后角面1331和副后角面1332。主后角面1331紧邻主切 刃103,位于主切刃103旋转方向的后方,限定出主切刃103的后角。主后角面1331和前角面131相交,两者的相交线上设置该主切刃103。在切削工作时,主后角面1331和副后角面1332均与工件上已完成加工的表面相对,后角面133也可称为后刀面。副后角面1332与第二表面18相接,副后角面1332相对于主后角面1331更偏向第二表面18倾斜,从而形成避空位,以保证不会与工件上已完成加工的表面干涉。Still referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 5, the main cutting edge 103 and the second surface 18 are connected by a back corner surface 133. Specifically, in this embodiment, the rear corner surface 133 is divided into a main rear corner surface 1331 and a secondary rear corner surface 1332. The main relief angle surface 1331 is adjacent to the main cutting edge 103, located behind the main cutting edge 103 in the direction of rotation, and defines the relief angle of the main cutting edge 103. The main rear angle surface 1331 and the rake angle surface 131 intersect, and the main cutting edge 103 is provided on the intersection line of the two. During the cutting work, both the main relief angle surface 1331 and the auxiliary relief angle surface 1332 are opposite to the finished surface of the workpiece, and the relief angle surface 133 may also be called the relief surface. The secondary rear corner surface 1332 is in contact with the second surface 18, and the secondary rear corner surface 1332 is more inclined to the second surface 18 relative to the main rear corner surface 1331, thereby forming an avoidance space to ensure that it will not be with the finished surface of the workpiece put one's oar in.
可以理解的是,在其他一些实施例中,如确认不会与工件干涉,后角面133也可以只具有主后角面1331,而不设置副后角面1332。It can be understood that, in some other embodiments, if it is confirmed that it will not interfere with the workpiece, the rear corner surface 133 may also have only the main rear corner surface 1331 without the auxiliary rear corner surface 1332.
主切刃103的延伸形状以及延伸长度均可以根据实际使用场合进行合理设计,在此不做限定。根据主切刃103的延伸形状以及所需的前角、后角大小,在可行的范围内,前角面131、主排屑面132和后角面133可进行适应性地调整设计。Both the extended shape and the extended length of the main cutting edge 103 can be reasonably designed according to actual use occasions, and are not limited here. According to the extended shape of the main cutting edge 103 and the required rake angle and the size of the rear angle, the rake surface 131, the main chip removal surface 132 and the rear angle surface 133 can be adjusted and designed adaptively within a feasible range.
参阅图2和图3,由于两个主切刃103相对于中心刃101呈中心对称,对于位于中心刃101左侧的主切刃103而言,其与第一表面17之间通过后角面133相接,与第二表面18之间则通过前角面131和主排屑面132相接。2 and 3, since the two main cutting edges 103 are centrally symmetrical with respect to the central edge 101, for the main cutting edge 103 located on the left side of the central edge 101, it passes through the rear corner surface between it and the first surface 17 133 is connected to the second surface 18 through the front corner surface 131 and the main chip removal surface 132.
一并参阅图2、图3和图7,中心刃101的上侧(其中,该上下方位以图3的视图方向为参照)与第一表面17之间通过楔角面111和中心排屑面112相连,中心刃101的下侧与第二表面18之间同样通过楔角面111和中心排屑面112相连。Referring to Figures 2, 3 and 7, the upper side of the central edge 101 (wherein, the upper and lower positions are referenced to the view direction of Figure 3) and the first surface 17 pass through the wedge angle surface 111 and the central chip removal surface 112 is connected, and the lower side of the central edge 101 and the second surface 18 are also connected by the wedge surface 111 and the central chip removal surface 112.
两楔角面111相对于旋转中心轴L呈中心对称,两楔角面111相交,两者的相交线即构成中心刃101。参阅图6,从垂直于旋转中心轴L的断面上看,在沿中心刃101的延伸方向上,楔角面111为平滑的曲面。本实施例中,进一步地,该曲面为内凹曲面。The two wedge angle surfaces 111 are centrally symmetrical with respect to the rotation center axis L, and the two wedge angle surfaces 111 intersect, and the intersection line of the two forms the central edge 101. Referring to FIG. 6, when viewed from a section perpendicular to the rotation center axis L, the wedge surface 111 is a smooth curved surface in the extending direction of the center edge 101. In this embodiment, further, the curved surface is a concave curved surface.
对于中心刃101而言,在切削时,两侧的楔角面111可以认为分别构成前刀面和后刀面。参阅图3,以旋转中心轴L为界,对于右半部分的中心刃101而言,位于中心刃101上方的楔角面111的右半部分可视作前刀面,位于中心刃101下方的楔角面111的右半部分可视作后刀面。对于左半部分的中心刃101而言,位于中心刃101上方的楔角面111的左半部分可视作后刀面,位于中心刃101下方的楔角面111的左半部分则可视作前刀面。但因楔角面111为平滑曲面,右半部分中心刃101在切削时产生的切屑实际上可以沿位于上侧的整个楔角面111排出;同样地,左半部分中心刃101所产生的切屑可以沿位于下侧的整个楔角面111排出。因此,通过设置两楔角面111及中心刃101可以有效扩大刀头尖端部位处切屑的排出空间,提升刀头的切削性能。For the center edge 101, during cutting, the wedge angle surfaces 111 on both sides can be considered to constitute a rake surface and a flank surface respectively. Referring to Figure 3, with the central axis of rotation L as the boundary, for the right half of the central edge 101, the right half of the wedge surface 111 located above the central edge 101 can be regarded as the rake surface, which is located below the central edge 101 The right half of the wedge surface 111 can be regarded as a relief surface. For the center edge 101 of the left half, the left half of the wedge surface 111 located above the center edge 101 can be regarded as a relief surface, and the left half of the wedge surface 111 located below the center edge 101 can be regarded as Rake face. But because the wedge surface 111 is a smooth curved surface, the chips generated by the right half of the center edge 101 during cutting can actually be discharged along the entire wedge surface 111 on the upper side; similarly, the chips generated by the left half of the center edge 101 It can be discharged along the entire wedge angle surface 111 on the lower side. Therefore, by providing the two wedge angle surfaces 111 and the center edge 101, the chip discharge space at the tip of the cutter head can be effectively enlarged, and the cutting performance of the cutter head can be improved.
如图8和图9所示,两楔角面111之间具有夹角。需要说明的是,由于楔角面111在空间上为曲面,楔角面111在垂直于中心刃101的截面上的投影为曲线,两楔角面111之间的夹角是指:在垂直于中心刃101的截面上,两个楔角面111所投影的曲线相交处的切线的夹角。As shown in Figures 8 and 9, there is an included angle between the two wedge angle surfaces 111. It should be noted that since the wedge surface 111 is a curved surface in space, the projection of the wedge surface 111 on the cross section perpendicular to the central edge 101 is a curve, and the included angle between the two wedge surfaces 111 refers to: On the cross section of the central edge 101, the angle between the tangents at the intersection of the curves projected by the two wedge angle surfaces 111.
其中,图8所示的A-A处截面通过旋转中心轴L,在该位置处,代表两个楔角面111的曲线是对称的,该位置处的两楔角面111之间的夹角定义为α。图9所示的F-F处截面偏离旋转中心轴L,在该位置处,代表两个楔角面111的曲线不对称,该位置处的夹角定 义为β。在较佳的实施方式中,在中心刃101的任一截面处(即从垂直于中心刃101的断面上看),两楔角面111之间的夹角均为55°~80°,即上述作为示例的两个截面处的夹角α和β均在55°~80°的范围内。由此可保证铣削刀头1最前端处具有一定的厚度,从而保证中心刃101的强度,同时还使中心刃101具有良好的切削性能,提供良好的尖端切削效果。Wherein, the cross section at AA shown in FIG. 8 passes through the central axis of rotation L. At this position, the curves representing the two wedge surfaces 111 are symmetrical, and the angle between the two wedge surfaces 111 at this position is defined as α. The section F-F shown in Fig. 9 deviates from the central axis of rotation L. At this position, the curves representing the two wedge angle surfaces 111 are asymmetrical, and the angle at this position is defined as β. In a preferred embodiment, at any cross section of the central blade 101 (that is, viewed from a cross section perpendicular to the central blade 101), the angle between the two wedge angle surfaces 111 is both 55° to 80°, that is The angles α and β at the two cross-sections mentioned above are both in the range of 55° to 80°. Therefore, a certain thickness can be ensured at the foremost end of the milling cutter head 1, thereby ensuring the strength of the center edge 101, and at the same time, the center edge 101 has a good cutting performance and provides a good tip cutting effect.
在一较优的实施例中,沿中心刃101的延伸方向,两楔角面111之间的夹角呈现如下的变化规律:在由中心刃101的中间向两端的方向上,夹角逐渐增大。也就是说,在中心刃101的中间位置,即其与旋转中心轴L相交的位置处,两楔角面111的夹角最小;在中心刃101的端部位置,即其与主切刃103相接的位置处,两楔角面111的夹角最大。按该变化规律,则上述夹角β大于α。依据该结构,中心刃101的中心处具有较高的锋利度,降低切削阻力,提高尖端切削性能;而中心刃101靠近两端的位置具有相对较大的厚度,从而具有较高的强度,能够对中心刃101的中间位置起到加强作用,提升中心刃101中心位置的强度。In a preferred embodiment, along the extending direction of the central blade 101, the angle between the two wedge angle surfaces 111 exhibits the following change rule: from the middle of the central blade 101 to the two ends, the included angle gradually increases Big. That is to say, at the middle position of the central edge 101, that is, at the position where it intersects the central axis of rotation L, the angle between the two wedge angle surfaces 111 is the smallest; at the end position of the central edge 101, that is, it and the main cutting edge 103 At the position where they meet, the angle between the two wedge angle surfaces 111 is the largest. According to this change rule, the aforementioned included angle β is greater than α. According to this structure, the center of the center edge 101 has a higher sharpness, reduces cutting resistance, and improves the cutting performance of the tip; and the center edge 101 near the two ends has a relatively large thickness, which has higher strength and can The middle position of the center blade 101 plays a role of strengthening and enhances the strength of the center position of the center blade 101.
参阅图2和图3,在左右方向上,楔角面111的一端与其中一主切刃103的主后角面1331相接,另一端与另一主切刃103的前角面131及主排屑面132相接。由此,在中心刃101的上下两侧均形成了贯通其中一主切刃103的排屑槽136至另一主切刃103的后角面133的空间。2 and 3, in the left-to-right direction, one end of the wedge surface 111 is connected with the main back angle surface 1331 of one of the main cutting edges 103, and the other end is connected with the rake surface 131 and main back angle surface 131 of the other main cutting edge 103. The chip removal surfaces 132 are connected. Thereby, a space is formed on both the upper and lower sides of the center edge 101 to penetrate the chip flute 136 of one of the main cutting edges 103 to the rear corner surface 133 of the other main cutting edge 103.
楔角面111与主后角面1331相接处较为平滑,两者之间呈钝角夹角,相接处可通过打磨形成圆滑过渡。楔角面111与前角面131、主排屑面132相接的位置存在有拐角,拐角处同样可进行打磨。相比现有技术中后角面与前角面、主排屑面直接相接的情况,本实施例的结构通过楔角面111形成过渡,这种连接结构要平缓得多,楔角面111的结构相当于在该中心刃101区域形成了避空让位,因此该设计将使得切屑更容易排出,降低中心刃101处的切削抵抗,提高刀具的寿命。The joint between the wedge surface 111 and the main rear angle surface 1331 is relatively smooth, and there is an obtuse angle between the two, and the joint can be polished to form a smooth transition. There are corners where the wedge surface 111 meets the front corner surface 131 and the main chip removal surface 132, and the corners can also be polished. Compared with the case where the rear corner surface is directly connected to the front corner surface and the main chip removal surface in the prior art, the structure of this embodiment forms a transition through the wedge surface 111. This connection structure is much gentler. The structure of is equivalent to forming an avoidance space in the center edge 101 area, so this design will make it easier to discharge chips, reduce the cutting resistance at the center edge 101, and increase the life of the tool.
进一步地,通过连接在楔角面111与第一表面17(或第二表面18)的中心排屑面112还增大了中心刃101的排屑空间,更便于中心刃101处排屑。中心排屑面112与楔角面111圆滑相接。Furthermore, the central chip removal surface 112 connected to the wedge angle surface 111 and the first surface 17 (or the second surface 18) also increases the chip removal space of the center edge 101, which is more convenient for chip removal at the center edge 101. The central chip removal surface 112 and the wedge angle surface 111 are smoothly connected.
本实施例中,在中心刃101的每一侧,该中心排屑面112包括具有夹角的第一排屑面1121和第二排屑面1122,第一排屑面1121和第二排屑面1122均为平面,沿铣削刀头1的外周左右排布,第一排屑面1121与后角面133相接,第二排屑面1122与主排屑面132相接。第二排屑面1122相对于后角面133的斜率大于第一排屑面1121相对于后角面133的斜率,这样,第二排屑面1122处的排屑空间相比于第一排屑面1121处的排屑空间更大,也就是说,靠近排屑槽136方向的排屑空间更大。这种结构一方面更顺应切屑排出的方向,另一方面还更便于从一主切刃103的主排屑面132到另一主切刃103的后角面133之间的平滑过渡,并且更利于使铣削刀头1的前端部具有更大的强度。In this embodiment, on each side of the central edge 101, the central chip removal surface 112 includes a first chip removal surface 1121 and a second chip removal surface 1122 with an included angle, a first chip removal surface 1121 and a second chip removal surface 1122 The surfaces 1122 are all planes and are arranged along the outer circumference of the milling cutter head 1 left and right. The first chip removal surface 1121 is connected with the rear corner surface 133, and the second chip removal surface 1122 is connected with the main chip removal surface 132. The slope of the second chip removal surface 1122 with respect to the rear angle surface 133 is greater than the slope of the first chip removal surface 1121 with respect to the rear angle surface 133. In this way, the chip removal space at the second chip removal surface 1122 is compared with that of the first chip removal surface 1122. The chip evacuation space at the surface 1121 is larger, that is, the chip evacuation space near the chip groove 136 is larger. This structure on the one hand is more compliant with the direction of chip discharge, on the other hand it is more convenient for the smooth transition from the main chip removal surface 132 of one main cutting edge 103 to the rear corner surface 133 of the other main cutting edge 103, and is more It is beneficial to make the front end of the milling cutter head 1 have greater strength.
在其他实施例中,该中心排屑面112也可以设计为更多数量的平面相接,其中,较佳 地,在沿中心刃101的延伸方向上,越远离后角面133的平面相对于后角面133具有越大的斜率。In other embodiments, the central chip removal surface 112 can also be designed as a larger number of planes connected, wherein, preferably, in the extending direction of the central edge 101, the plane farther from the rear corner surface 133 is opposite to The rear corner surface 133 has a larger slope.
参阅图10,该铣削刀头1在工作时,中心刃101和两主切刃103分别接触工件5。铣削刀头1绕旋转中心轴L转动,并随着走刀轨迹在工件5上加工出平面或球形曲面。其中,对于中心刃101而言,根据走刀方式,中心刃101两侧的楔角面111(参考图2)均可与工件5接触,对工件5进行加工,楔角面111(参考图2)、中心排屑面112与工件5表面之间形成中心排屑槽116,切屑到达中心刃101所在的中心区域时即可顺畅地排出。对于主切刃103切削所产生的切屑,在其主排屑槽136(参考图5)来不及排走时,还可经中心排屑槽116排出,排屑更为顺畅。Referring to FIG. 10, when the milling cutter head 1 is working, the central edge 101 and the two main cutting edges 103 contact the workpiece 5 respectively. The milling cutter head 1 rotates around the central axis of rotation L, and processes a flat or spherical curved surface on the workpiece 5 along with the cutting path. Among them, for the center edge 101, according to the cutting method, the wedge surface 111 (refer to Figure 2) on both sides of the center edge 101 can contact the workpiece 5, and the workpiece 5 is processed, and the wedge surface 111 (refer to Figure 2 ). A central chip groove 116 is formed between the central chip surface 112 and the surface of the workpiece 5, and the chips can be discharged smoothly when they reach the central area where the central edge 101 is located. For the chips generated by the cutting of the main cutting edge 103, when the main chip flute 136 (refer to FIG. 5) is too late to be discharged, it can also be discharged through the central chip flute 116, so that the chip evacuation is more smooth.
结合图1,该铣削刀头1在工作时安装于刀柄2上,随着刀柄2的移动轨迹走刀。铣削刀头1的旋转中心轴L与刀柄2的中心轴重合。对于上述实施例所描述的铣削刀头1,在安装时,铣削刀头1的第一表面17和第二表面18与刀柄2的颚部22接触,螺钉3紧固刀柄2的两颚部22,并穿过铣削刀头1的中心孔19,使铣削刀头1与刀柄2固定。With reference to Fig. 1, the milling cutter head 1 is installed on the tool holder 2 during operation, and the tool moves along the moving track of the tool holder 2. The rotation center axis L of the milling cutter head 1 coincides with the center axis of the tool holder 2. For the milling cutter head 1 described in the above embodiment, during installation, the first surface 17 and the second surface 18 of the milling cutter head 1 are in contact with the jaws 22 of the shank 2, and the screws 3 fasten the two jaws of the shank 2. The part 22 passes through the central hole 19 of the milling cutter head 1, so that the milling cutter head 1 and the tool holder 2 are fixed.
可以理解的是,基于铣削刀头1安装方式的不同,上述实施例中所描述的铣削刀头1所具有的相平行的第一表面17和第二表面18并不是必须的。例如:第一表面17和第二表面18可以并不是平整的平面,其中一表面上可设置一些凹槽或凸起结构等以供配合使用;或者,第一表面17和第二表面18并不一定要平行,可以是具有一定的角度等。而对于一体式结构的球头立铣刀,由于无需考虑与刀柄的配合,该铣削刀头1上的中心孔19可以去除,该第一表面17和第二表面18也可以为其他形式的结构。It can be understood that, based on the different installation methods of the milling cutter head 1, the parallel first surface 17 and the second surface 18 of the milling cutter head 1 described in the above embodiments are not necessary. For example: the first surface 17 and the second surface 18 may not be flat surfaces, and some grooves or protrusions may be provided on one surface for cooperative use; or, the first surface 17 and the second surface 18 may not It must be parallel, it can have a certain angle, etc. For a ball-end end mill with an integrated structure, since it is not necessary to consider the fit with the tool holder, the central hole 19 on the milling cutter head 1 can be removed, and the first surface 17 and the second surface 18 can also be other forms structure.
虽然已参照几个典型实施方式描述了本发明,但应当理解,所用的术语是说明和示例性、而非限制性的术语。由于本发明能够以多种形式具体实施而不脱离发明的精神或实质,所以应当理解,上述实施方式不限于任何前述的细节,而应在随附权利要求所限定的精神和范围内广泛地解释,因此落入权利要求或其等效范围内的全部变化和改型都应为随附权利要求所涵盖。Although the present invention has been described with reference to a few typical embodiments, it should be understood that the terms used are illustrative and exemplary rather than restrictive. Since the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the spirit or essence of the invention, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are not limited to any of the foregoing details, but should be interpreted broadly within the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims. Therefore, all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the claims or their equivalents shall be covered by the appended claims.

Claims (11)

  1. 一种铣削刀头,其特征在于,所述铣削刀头具有:A milling cutter head, characterized in that the milling cutter head has:
    一中心刃,位于所述铣削刀头的最前端,并穿过所述铣削刀头的旋转中心;A center blade located at the foremost end of the milling cutter head and passing through the center of rotation of the milling cutter head;
    两主切刃,分别从所述中心刃的两端沿着所述铣削刀头的外周延伸;两主切刃与所述中心刃圆滑过渡相接,并且绕所述旋转中心旋转时,两主切刃与中心刃的旋转轨迹在同一个半球上;每一主切刃的旋转方向的前方依次形成有前角面和用于限定出排屑槽的主排屑面;每一主切刃的旋转方向的后方形成后角面;以及Two main cutting edges respectively extend from both ends of the center edge along the outer circumference of the milling cutter head; when the two main cutting edges are smoothly connected to the center edge and rotate around the center of rotation, the two main cutting edges The rotation trajectory of the cutting edge and the center edge is on the same hemisphere; the front of each main cutting edge's rotation direction is sequentially formed with a rake angle surface and a main chip removal surface used to define a chip flute; The rear of the rotation direction forms a rear corner surface; and
    两楔角面,对称布置于所述中心刃的两侧;两楔角面的相交线构成所述中心刃;每一所述楔角面的一端与其中一所述主切刃的所述前角面及所述主排屑面相接,所述楔角面的另一端与另一所述主切刃的所述后角面相接,从而在所述中心刃的每一侧均形成了贯通其中一所述主切刃的排屑槽至另一所述主切刃的后角面的空间。Two wedge angle surfaces are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the center edge; the intersection line of the two wedge angle surfaces constitutes the center edge; one end of each wedge angle surface is connected to the front of one of the main cutting edges The corner surface and the main chip removal surface are in contact, and the other end of the wedge corner surface is in contact with the back corner surface of the other main cutting edge, so that each side of the center edge is formed A space that penetrates the chip flute of one of the main cutting edges to the rear corner surface of the other main cutting edge.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的铣削刀头,其特征在于,沿所述中心刃的延伸方向,在由所述中心刃的中间向两端的方向上,所述两楔角面之间的夹角逐渐增大。The milling cutter head according to claim 1, wherein along the extending direction of the central blade, in the direction from the middle of the central blade to the two ends, the angle between the two wedge angle surfaces gradually Increase.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的铣削刀头,其特征在于,在所述中心刃的任一截面处,所述两楔角面之间的夹角为55°~80°。The milling cutter head according to claim 2, wherein at any cross section of the center edge, the included angle between the two wedge angle surfaces is 55°-80°.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的铣削刀头,其特征在于,从垂直于所述旋转中心的断面上看,在沿所述中心刃的延伸方向上,所述楔角面为平滑的曲面。The milling cutter head according to claim 1, wherein, viewed from a section perpendicular to the center of rotation, the wedge surface is a smooth curved surface in the extending direction of the center edge.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的铣削刀头,其特征在于,所述曲面为凹曲面。The milling cutter head according to claim 4, wherein the curved surface is a concave curved surface.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的铣削刀头,其特征在于,在所述楔角面远离所述中心刃的一侧还设有中心排屑面,所述中心排屑面与该楔角面之间形成中心排屑槽;所述中心排屑面的一端与其中一所述主切刃的后角面相接,另一端与另一所述主切刃的主排屑面相接。The milling cutter head according to claim 1, wherein a central chip removal surface is further provided on the side of the wedge angle surface away from the central edge, and the center chip removal surface is between the wedge angle surface A central chip removal groove is formed; one end of the central chip removal surface is connected with the rear corner surface of one of the main cutting edges, and the other end is connected with the main chip removal surface of the other main cutting edge.
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的铣削刀头,其特征在于,所述中心排屑面包括沿所述中心刃的延伸方向依次相接的多个平面;在沿所述中心刃的延伸方向上,越远离所述后角面的所述平面相对于所述后角面具有越大的斜率。The milling cutter head according to claim 6, wherein the central chip removal surface comprises a plurality of planes successively connected along the extending direction of the central edge; in the extending direction along the central edge, the more The plane away from the rear corner surface has a larger slope with respect to the rear corner surface.
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的铣削刀头,其特征在于,所述中心刃的延伸长度与所述半球的半径之比为1:20~1:30。The milling cutter head according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the ratio of the extension length of the central edge to the radius of the hemisphere is 1:20 to 1:30.
  9. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的铣削刀头,其特征在于,在所述铣削刀头的端面视图上看,两所述主切刃和所述中心刃组合成S形。The milling cutter head according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, in an end view of the milling cutter head, the two main cutting edges and the center edge are combined into an S shape.
  10. 一种球头立铣刀,其特征在于,包括:A ball end mill is characterized in that it comprises:
    刀柄,其前端部设有装夹槽;The tool handle has a clamping groove at its front end;
    铣削刀头,可拆卸地安装在所述装夹槽中,所述铣削刀头为权利要求1-9任一项所述的铣削刀头。A milling cutter head is detachably installed in the clamping slot, and the milling cutter head is the milling cutter head according to any one of claims 1-9.
  11. 一种球头立铣刀,其特征在于,包括刀柄和一体成型于刀柄前端的铣削刀头,所述铣削刀头为权利要求1-9任一项所述的铣削刀头。A ball-end end mill, characterized by comprising a tool holder and a milling cutter head integrally formed at the front end of the tool holder, the milling cutter head being the milling cutter head according to any one of claims 1-9.
PCT/CN2020/080843 2019-03-29 2020-03-24 Milling cutter and ball end mill WO2020199974A1 (en)

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JP2022528089A (en) 2022-06-08

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