WO2020199123A1 - 随机接入方法和随机接入装置 - Google Patents

随机接入方法和随机接入装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020199123A1
WO2020199123A1 PCT/CN2019/081014 CN2019081014W WO2020199123A1 WO 2020199123 A1 WO2020199123 A1 WO 2020199123A1 CN 2019081014 W CN2019081014 W CN 2019081014W WO 2020199123 A1 WO2020199123 A1 WO 2020199123A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
information unit
information
user equipment
preamble
random access
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PCT/CN2019/081014
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
洪伟
Original Assignee
北京小米移动软件有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京小米移动软件有限公司 filed Critical 北京小米移动软件有限公司
Priority to CN202110786109.2A priority Critical patent/CN113365295B/zh
Priority to CN201980000575.4A priority patent/CN110192404B/zh
Priority to US17/442,103 priority patent/US11903039B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/081014 priority patent/WO2020199123A1/zh
Priority to EP19922935.2A priority patent/EP3952396A4/en
Publication of WO2020199123A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020199123A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H04W74/0841—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access with collision treatment
    • H04W74/085—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access with collision treatment collision avoidance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/008—Transmission of channel access control information with additional processing of random access related information at receiving side
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • H04W80/02—Data link layer protocols

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to random access methods, random access devices, electronic equipment and computer-readable storage media.
  • the random access process needs to perform four steps.
  • the user equipment performs two steps.
  • One step sends the first random access message MSG1 to the base station, and the other step sends the random access message MSG1 to the base station.
  • the base station needs to perform two steps, one step is to send the third random access message MSG3 to the user equipment, and the other step is to send the fourth random access message MSG4 to the base station.
  • a random access method which is suitable for user equipment, and the method includes:
  • the base station Receiving a message fed back by the base station for the preamble and the identity identifier, the message including at least one information element, and different information elements are used to indicate different results of the user equipment initiating random access;
  • the message includes a first information unit, and/or a second information unit, and/or a third information unit, and/or a fourth information unit;
  • the first information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment has succeeded in random access
  • the second information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment re-initiates random access in a preset manner
  • the third information is used to indicate whether the user equipment performs a preset step
  • the fourth information unit is used to indicate the retreat time of the user equipment.
  • the first information unit includes the identification of the preamble and contention resolution information.
  • the second information unit includes a preamble identifier and indication information, and the indication information is used to indicate the preset mode.
  • the third information unit only contains the identification of the preamble.
  • the fourth information unit only includes retreat information, and the retreat information is associated with the retreat time.
  • the performing a corresponding operation according to the result of initiating random access indicated by the information unit included in the message includes:
  • the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried first information unit is the same as the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, establish a communication connection with the base station;
  • the second information unit in the message If the identifier of the preamble contained in the first information unit that is queried is different from the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, query the second information unit in the message;
  • the identifier of the preamble contained in the second information unit found is the same as the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, re-initiate random access according to a preset manner;
  • the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried third information unit is the same as the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, perform a preset step;
  • the first information unit, the second information unit, the third information unit, and the fourth information unit are sub-protocol data units of the MAC layer.
  • a random access method which is suitable for a base station, and the method includes:
  • the message includes a first information unit, and/or a second information unit, and/or a third information unit, and/or a fourth information unit;
  • the first information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment has succeeded in random access
  • the second information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment re-initiates random access in a preset manner
  • the third information is used to indicate whether the user equipment performs a preset step
  • the fourth information unit is used to indicate the retreat time of the user equipment.
  • the first information unit includes the identification of the preamble and contention resolution information.
  • the second information unit includes a preamble identifier and indication information, and the indication information is used to indicate the preset mode.
  • the third information unit only contains the identification of the preamble.
  • the fourth information unit only includes retreat information, and the retreat information is associated with the retreat time.
  • the first information unit, the second information unit, the third information unit, and the fourth information unit are sub-protocol data units of the MAC layer.
  • a random access device which is suitable for user equipment, and the method includes:
  • the random access initiation module is configured to send a preamble and an identity to the base station to initiate random access;
  • the message receiving module is configured to receive a message fed back by the base station for the preamble and the identity, the message includes at least one information unit, and different information units are used to indicate different results of the user equipment initiating random access ;
  • the operation execution module is configured to execute a corresponding operation according to the result of initiating random access indicated by the information unit included in the message.
  • the message includes a first information unit, and/or a second information unit, and/or a third information unit, and/or a fourth information unit;
  • the first information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment has succeeded in random access
  • the second information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment re-initiates random access in a preset manner
  • the third information is used to indicate whether the user equipment performs a preset step
  • the fourth information unit is used to indicate the retreat time of the user equipment.
  • the first information unit includes the identification of the preamble and contention resolution information.
  • the second information unit includes a preamble identifier and indication information, and the indication information is used to indicate the preset mode.
  • the third information unit only contains the identification of the preamble.
  • the fourth information unit only includes retreat information, and the retreat information is associated with the retreat time.
  • the operation execution module includes:
  • the query sub-module is configured to query the first information unit in the message; in the case that the identifier of the preamble contained in the first information unit is different from the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, Query the second information unit in the message; in the case where the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried second information unit is different from the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, query all information in the message.
  • the third information unit in the case where the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried third information unit is different from the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, query the fourth information unit in the message;
  • the connection establishment submodule is configured to establish a communication connection with the base station when the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried first information unit is the same as the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment;
  • the re-initiating sub-module is configured to re-initiate random access in a preset manner when the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried second information unit is the same as the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment;
  • the step execution submodule is configured to execute a preset step when the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried third information unit is the same as the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment;
  • the backoff submodule is configured to re-send the preamble and the identity identifier to the base station according to the backoff information in the fourth information unit.
  • the first information unit, the second information unit, the third information unit, and the fourth information unit are sub-protocol data units of the MAC layer.
  • a random access device suitable for a base station, and the device includes:
  • the receiving module is configured to receive the preamble and the identity sent by the user equipment
  • a result determining module configured to determine a result of random access initiated by the user equipment according to the preamble and the identity
  • the message sending module is configured to send a message to the user equipment according to the result, the message including at least one information element, and different information elements are used to indicate different results of the user equipment initiating random access.
  • the message includes a first information unit, and/or a second information unit, and/or a third information unit, and/or a fourth information unit;
  • the first information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment has succeeded in random access
  • the second information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment re-initiates random access in a preset manner
  • the third information is used to indicate whether the user equipment performs a preset step
  • the fourth information unit is used to indicate the retreat time of the user equipment.
  • the first information unit includes the identification of the preamble and contention resolution information.
  • the second information unit includes a preamble identifier and indication information, and the indication information is used to indicate the preset mode.
  • the third information unit only contains the identification of the preamble.
  • the fourth information unit only includes retreat information, and the retreat information is associated with the retreat time.
  • the first information unit, the second information unit, the third information unit, and the fourth information unit are sub-protocol data units of the MAC layer.
  • an electronic device including:
  • a memory for storing processor executable instructions
  • processor is configured to implement the method described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the steps in the method described in any of the foregoing embodiments are implemented.
  • the base station when the user equipment integrates the preamble and the identity into a message and sends it to the base station to initiate random access, can generate different information units to indicate different results of the user equipment initiating random access. At least one information unit is sent to the user equipment as a message, so that one or more user equipment can determine the result of initiating random access based on a received message, and perform operations corresponding to the result, so that the user equipment and the base station Each message can be sent to complete the random access process, which effectively reduces the time occupied by the random access process, and helps reduce the communication delay between the user equipment and the base station.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart showing a random access method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart showing a corresponding operation performed according to the result of initiating random access indicated by the information unit included in the message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a protocol data unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart showing a random access method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram showing a random access device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram showing an operation execution module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram showing a random access device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus for random access according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus for random access according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart showing a random access method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the random access method described in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to user equipment, which can communicate with a base station, for example, can communicate with a base station based on 4G, 5G technology, and the user equipment can be a mobile phone or a tablet computer. , Electronic equipment such as wearable devices.
  • the random access method may include the following steps:
  • step S1 the preamble and the identity are sent to the base station to initiate random access
  • step S2 a message fed back by the base station for the preamble and the identity is received, the message includes at least one information element, and different information elements are used to indicate different results of the user equipment initiating random access;
  • step S3 a corresponding operation is performed according to the result of initiating random access indicated by the information element contained in the message.
  • the random access (competitive random access) process between the user equipment and the base station includes 4 steps.
  • the user equipment sends the first random access message MSG1 to the base station, which mainly contains the preamble.
  • Preamble After receiving the MGS1, the base station sends the second random access message MSG2 to the user equipment.
  • MSG2 can also be called a random access response (RAR), which mainly contains the identification of the preamble and uplink resource allocation information
  • RAR random access response
  • the user equipment sends the third random access message MSG3 to the base station, which mainly contains the identity of the user equipment; after receiving MSG3, the base station can send contention resolution (Contention Resolution) information to the user equipment.
  • contention resolution information the user equipment can determine whether it can establish a communication connection with the base station.
  • the base station After receiving the preamble and the identity, the base station can determine the result of the random access initiated by the user equipment according to the preamble and the identity, for example, it can determine whether the received preamble is the same as the preset preamble, and/ Or judge whether the received identity is the same as the preset identity, and then generate a corresponding message according to the result of the access at any time.
  • the results of anytime access may include 4 types:
  • the first information unit can be generated and sent to the user equipment;
  • the user equipment needs to re-initiate random access in a preset manner, for example, re-initiate random access according to the 4 steps of initiating random access in related technologies;
  • the user equipment needs to perform preset steps, such as sending a request to the base station to obtain system messages, or immediately resending the preamble and identity to the base station to re-initiate random access;
  • random access fails, and the user equipment needs to wait for a period of time before re-initiating random access.
  • the base station may generate a message corresponding to the result, and the message may include at least one information unit, and different information units are used to indicate different results of the user equipment initiating random access.
  • the base station can send a message by broadcasting, and the sent message can be scrambled by a preset scrambling method, so that when one or more user equipment receives the message, only through the preset
  • the descrambling mode (corresponding to the preset scrambling mode) can only obtain the content indicated by the information unit contained in the message by the user equipment that descrambles the message.
  • the information unit may contain indication information and identification information of the user equipment.
  • the indication information is used to indicate the result of the user equipment initiating random access, and the identification information of the user equipment is used to indicate that it is in the same information unit as the identification information of the user equipment.
  • the indication information of is for which user equipment, where the identification information may include the identity of the user equipment, and may also include the identification (index number) of all preambles sent by the user equipment.
  • the first information unit may include the identification information of user equipment A and contention resolution information.
  • the information in the first information unit contained in the message can be obtained.
  • Identification information and contention resolution information the user equipment can be further determined based on the identification information in the first information unit. Since the identification information is the identification information of user equipment A, user equipment A can determine the identification information It is consistent with its own identification information, and user equipment B determines that the identification information does not match its own identification information, so that user equipment A can determine that the random access competition is successful, but user equipment B does not determine that the random access competition is successful.
  • the user equipment After receiving the message sent by the base station, the user equipment can determine the result of random access based on the content indicated by the information element contained in the message, and then perform corresponding operations according to the result. For example, in the case of successful random access, it can determine the result of random access.
  • the base station establishes a communication connection. For example, if random access needs to be re-initiated in a preset manner, random access can be re-initiated in a preset manner. For example, if preset steps need to be executed, preset steps can be executed, for example, If you need to wait for a period of time before re-initiating random access, you can wait for a period of time before re-initiating random access.
  • the base station when the user equipment integrates the preamble and the identity into a message and sends it to the base station to initiate random access, can generate different information units to indicate different results of the user equipment initiating random access. At least one information unit is sent to the user equipment as a message, so that one or more user equipment can determine the result of initiating random access based on a received message, and perform operations corresponding to the result, so that the user equipment and the base station Each message can be sent to complete the random access process, which effectively reduces the time occupied by the random access process, and helps reduce the communication delay between the user equipment and the base station.
  • the message includes a first information unit, and/or a second information unit, and/or a third information unit, and/or a fourth information unit;
  • the first information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment has succeeded in random access
  • the second information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment re-initiates random access in a preset manner
  • the third information is used to indicate whether the user equipment performs a preset step
  • the fourth information unit is used to indicate the retreat time of the user equipment.
  • the base station may generate corresponding information units for each type of random access results. For example, for 4 types of random access results, the base station may generate a first information unit indication The random access of the user equipment is successful, the generating second information unit instructs the user equipment to re-initiate random access in a preset manner, the generating third information unit instructs the user equipment to perform the preset steps, and the fourth information unit is generated to indicate The retreat time of the user equipment.
  • the message may include one information unit among the foregoing 4 information units, or may include multiple information units among the foregoing 4 information units.
  • the user equipment may determine the random access result based on this information unit.
  • the user equipment may query the information units according to priority, and determine the random access result based on the information unit with the highest priority inquired.
  • the information unit contains the identification information of the user equipment
  • the user equipment may also determine the random access result based on the information unit containing the same identification information as its own identification information among the multiple information units.
  • the first information unit includes a preamble identifier (abbreviated as RAPID) and contention resolution information (abbreviated as CR).
  • RAPID preamble identifier
  • CR contention resolution information
  • the first information unit may include the identification of the preamble and contention resolution information
  • the user equipment may determine whether the identification of the preamble in the first information unit is the same as the identification of the preamble sent by itself, if they are the same, then it can It is determined that the contention resolution information is for itself, so as to determine that the random access competition is successful, and then a communication connection can be established with the base station.
  • the second information unit includes a preamble identifier and indication information, and the indication information is used to indicate the preset mode.
  • the second information unit may include the identification and indication information of the preamble, and the user equipment may determine whether the identification of the preamble in the second information element is the same as the identification of the preamble sent by itself, and if they are the same, it may determine The instruction information is for itself, so random access is re-initiated according to a preset manner, for example, random access is re-initiated according to the 4 steps of initiating random access in related technologies.
  • the indication information may be a random access response, which may include uplink synchronization time adjustment information, uplink resource information, and so on.
  • the third information unit only contains the identification of the preamble.
  • the third information unit may only include the identification of the preamble, and the user equipment may determine whether the identification of the preamble in the third information unit is the same as the identification of the preamble sent by itself. If they are the same, except for the information element
  • preset steps can be performed, such as sending a request to the base station to obtain system messages, or immediately resending the preamble and identity to the base station to re-initiate random access.
  • the preset steps include but are not limited to the above two cases, which can be set as required.
  • the fourth information unit only includes retreat information, and the retreat information is associated with the retreat time.
  • the fourth information unit may only contain the back-off information, and the user equipment may re-send the preamble and the identity to the base station according to the back-off information to re-initiate random access, where the back-off information may be a A numerical value, which can be associated with the back-off time, and the user equipment can determine the back-off time according to the back-off information, and then delay the back-off time before resending the preamble and identity to the base station.
  • the back-off information may be a A numerical value, which can be associated with the back-off time
  • the user equipment can determine the back-off time according to the back-off information, and then delay the back-off time before resending the preamble and identity to the base station.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart showing a corresponding operation performed according to the result of initiating random access indicated by the information unit included in the message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the performing the corresponding operation according to the result of initiating random access indicated by the information unit included in the message includes:
  • step S31 query the first information unit in the message
  • step S32 if the identifier of the preamble contained in the first information unit found is the same as the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, establish a communication connection with the base station;
  • the user equipment may determine whether the random access is successful according to the first information unit, for example, it may be determined Whether the identification of the preamble in the first information unit is the same as the identification of the preamble sent by itself, if they are the same, it can be determined that the contention resolution information is for itself, thereby determining that the random access competition is successful, and then establishing a communication connection with the base station, and Suspend querying other information units.
  • the base station when the base station indicates that a user equipment has succeeded in random access, it will not indicate that the user equipment has failed in random access at the same time. Therefore, once the user equipment determines that the random access is successful according to the first information unit, it can establish a connection with the base station. For communication connection, only when it is determined that the random access is unsuccessful according to the first information unit, it is necessary to determine which operation to perform according to other information units.
  • the user equipment can be set to query the first information unit in the message after receiving the message sent by the base station, so as to first determine whether the random access is successful according to the first information unit, so as to avoid the base station instructing the user equipment to randomly In the case of successful access, the user equipment first inquires other information elements, which leads to the problem of delay in determining the success of random access.
  • step S33 if the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried first information unit is different from the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, query the second information unit in the message;
  • step S34 if the identification of the preamble contained in the queried second information unit is the same as the identification of the preamble sent by the user equipment, random access is re-initiated in a preset manner;
  • the second information element may be queried first, because the second information element is used to indicate whether the user equipment follows The random access is re-initiated in a preset manner. Therefore, when the second information unit is queried, the user equipment can determine whether the random access is successful or not according to the second information unit. Whether the identifiers of the preamble are the same, if they are the same, it can be determined that the indication information is for itself, so as to re-initiate random access according to the preset method and suspend the query of other information units.
  • the first information unit included in the message sent by the base station does not include the user equipment Identity.
  • the base station still hopes that the user equipment can complete random access, it can send the second information unit containing the user equipment’s identity in the message, so it can be set that the user equipment in the first information unit queried contains
  • the second information unit is first queried in the message, so as to determine whether to re-initiate random access in a preset manner according to the second information unit, so as to avoid
  • the base station instructs the user equipment to re-initiate random access in a preset manner through the second information unit
  • the user equipment first inquires other information elements, which causes the problem of delay in re-initiating random access in the preset manner.
  • step S35 if the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried second information unit is different from the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, query the third information unit in the message;
  • step S36 if the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried third information unit is the same as the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, perform a preset step;
  • the third information unit can be queried first, because the third information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment performs Preset steps. Therefore, when the third information unit is queried, the user equipment can determine whether the random access is successful according to the third information unit. For example, it can determine whether the identity of the preamble in the third information unit and the identity of the preamble sent by itself Same, if they are the same, you can perform the preset steps and pause the query of other information units.
  • the message sent by the base station Neither the included first information unit nor the second information unit includes the identity of the user equipment.
  • the user equipment can be set to query the third information unit in the message first, so as to first determine whether to perform the preset step according to the third information unit, so as not to instruct the user equipment to perform the preset step at the base station through the second information unit.
  • the user equipment first inquires other information units, which causes the problem of delay in executing the preset steps.
  • step S37 if the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried third information unit is different from the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, query the fourth information unit in the message;
  • step S38 the preamble and the identity are re-sent to the base station according to the backoff information in the fourth information unit.
  • the fourth information unit can be queried.
  • the fourth information unit is generally sent by the base station to the user equipment.
  • the message will be carried.
  • the user equipment can Query the fourth information unit, and re-send the preamble and identity to the base station according to the back-off information in the fourth information unit. For example, first determine the back-off time according to the back-off information, and then delay the back-off time before re-sending the preamble and the identity to the base station. Identification to initiate random access.
  • the first information unit, the second information unit, the third information unit, and the fourth information unit are sub-protocol data units of a MAC (Media Access Control, media access control) layer.
  • MAC Media Access Control, media access control
  • the message sent by the base station may include a protocol data unit (Protocol Data Unit, PDU for short).
  • the protocol data unit may include multiple sub-protocol data units (subPDU), and may also include a padding unit (Padding).
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a protocol data unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the protocol data unit may include n subPDUs, and may also include an optional padding unit.
  • subPDU1 is the foregoing fourth information unit, which only contains backoff information (Backoff Indicator, BI for short), and subPDU1 can be used as an E/T/R/R/BI subheader.
  • backoff Indicator BI for short
  • subPDU2 is the above-mentioned third information unit, which only contains RAPID (that is, the identification of the preamble), and subPDU2 can be used as an E/T/RAPID subheader.
  • subPDU3 is the above-mentioned second information unit, which contains RAPID and indication information.
  • the indication information may be RAR, and subPDU3 may serve as E/T/RAPID subheader and RAR.
  • subPDU4 is the above-mentioned first information unit, which contains RAPID and contention resolution information (CR), and subPDU4 can be used as the E/T/RAPID subheader and RAR CR.
  • RAPID and contention resolution information CR
  • sub-protocol data unit corresponding to the protocol data unit of the 4 information units is not limited to the situation shown in FIG. 3, and can be adjusted as needed.
  • the four information units may be set in a preset sub-protocol data unit, so that after the user equipment receives a message sent by the base station, it can sequentially query the sub-protocol data unit containing the first information unit, The sub-protocol unit including the second information unit, the sub-protocol unit including the third information unit, and the sub-protocol unit including the fourth information unit.
  • the user equipment can be made to first query the first information unit, and determine whether the random access is successful according to the first information unit, when the identification of the preamble contained in the first information unit is different from the identification of the preamble sent by the user equipment , Query the second information unit first, and determine whether to re-initiate random access according to the preset method according to the second information unit.
  • priority Query the third information unit determine whether to perform the preset step according to the third information unit, and finally query the fourth information unit when the identifier of the preamble contained in the third information unit is different from the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart showing a random access method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the random access method described in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to a base station, and the base station can communicate with user equipment, for example, it can communicate with user equipment based on 4G, 5G technology, and the user equipment can be a mobile phone or a tablet computer. , Wearable devices and other electronic devices.
  • the random access method may include the following steps:
  • step S1' receive the preamble and the identity sent by the user equipment
  • step S2' the result of random access initiated by the user equipment is determined according to the preamble and the identity
  • step S3' a message is sent to the user equipment according to the result, the message includes at least one information element, and different information elements are used to indicate different results of the user equipment initiating random access.
  • the base station when the user equipment integrates the preamble and the identity into a message and sends it to the base station to initiate random access, can generate different information units to indicate different results of the user equipment initiating random access. At least one information unit is sent to the user equipment as a message, so that one or more user equipment can determine the result of initiating random access based on a received message, and perform operations corresponding to the result, so that the user equipment and the base station Each message can be sent to complete the random access process, which effectively reduces the time occupied by the random access process, and helps reduce the communication delay between the user equipment and the base station.
  • the user equipment may integrate MSG1 and MSG3 into a message X and send it to the base station.
  • the message X contains the preamble for random access and the identity of the user equipment.
  • the base station may receive all of message X, that is, MSG1 and MSG3, or only part of message X. For example, only MSG1 may be received, but message X may not be received. In these cases, the base station determines The random access results can be different or partly the same.
  • the base station when the base station receives MSG1 and MSG3, it can indicate that the user equipment has succeeded in random access by sending the first information unit. For example, if the base station only receives MSG1, it can send the second information unit to instruct the user equipment to re-initiate random access in a preset manner. Or instruct the user equipment to perform preset steps by sending the third information unit. For example, if the base station does not receive MSG1 or MSG3, then the fourth information unit can be sent to instruct the user equipment to avoid time.
  • the message includes a first information unit, and/or a second information unit, and/or a third information unit, and/or a fourth information unit;
  • the first information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment has succeeded in random access
  • the second information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment re-initiates random access in a preset manner
  • the third information is used to indicate whether the user equipment performs a preset step
  • the fourth information unit is used to indicate the retreat time of the user equipment.
  • the base station may generate corresponding information units for each type of random access results. For example, for 4 types of random access results, the base station may generate a first information unit indication The random access of the user equipment is successful, the generating second information unit instructs the user equipment to re-initiate random access in a preset manner, the generating third information unit instructs the user equipment to perform the preset steps, and the fourth information unit is generated The retreat time of the user equipment.
  • the message may include one information unit among the foregoing 4 information units, or may include multiple information units among the foregoing 4 information units.
  • the user equipment may determine the random access result based on this information unit.
  • the user equipment may query the information units according to priority, and determine the random access result based on the information unit with the highest priority inquired.
  • the information unit contains the identification information of the user equipment
  • the user equipment may also determine the random access result based on the information unit containing the same identification information as its own identification information among the multiple information units.
  • the first information unit includes the identification of the preamble and contention resolution information.
  • the first information unit may include the identification of the preamble and contention resolution information
  • the user equipment may determine whether the identification of the preamble in the first information unit is the same as the identification of the preamble sent by itself, if they are the same, then it can It is determined that the contention resolution information is for itself, so as to determine that the random access competition is successful, and then a communication connection can be established with the base station.
  • the second information unit includes a preamble identifier and indication information, and the indication information is used to indicate the preset mode.
  • the second information unit may include the identification and indication information of the preamble, and the user equipment may determine whether the identification of the preamble in the second information element is the same as the identification of the preamble sent by itself, and if they are the same, it may determine The instruction information is for itself, so random access is re-initiated according to a preset manner, for example, random access is re-initiated according to the 4 steps of initiating random access in related technologies.
  • the indication information may be a random access response, which may include uplink synchronization time adjustment information, uplink resource information, and so on.
  • the third information unit only contains the identification of the preamble.
  • the third information unit may only include the identification of the preamble, and the user equipment may determine whether the identification of the preamble in the third information unit is the same as the identification of the preamble sent by itself. If they are the same, except for the information element
  • preset steps can be performed, such as sending a request to the base station to obtain system messages, or immediately resending the preamble and identity to the base station to re-initiate random access.
  • the preset steps include but are not limited to the above two cases, which can be set as required.
  • the fourth information unit only includes retreat information, and the retreat information is associated with the retreat time.
  • the fourth information unit may only contain the back-off information, and the user equipment may re-send the preamble and the identity to the base station according to the back-off information to re-initiate random access, where the back-off information may be a A numerical value, which can be associated with the back-off time, and the user equipment can determine the back-off time according to the back-off information, and then delay the back-off time before resending the preamble and identity to the base station.
  • the back-off information may be a A numerical value, which can be associated with the back-off time
  • the user equipment can determine the back-off time according to the back-off information, and then delay the back-off time before resending the preamble and identity to the base station.
  • the first information unit, the second information unit, the third information unit, and the fourth information unit are sub-protocol data units of the MAC layer.
  • the present disclosure also provides an embodiment of a random access device.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram showing a random access device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the random access apparatus described in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to user equipment, which can communicate with a base station, for example, can communicate with a base station based on 4G and 5G technologies, and the user equipment can be a mobile phone or a tablet computer. , Wearable devices and other electronic devices.
  • the random access device may include
  • the random access initiation module 1 is configured to send a preamble and an identity to the base station to initiate random access;
  • the message receiving module 2 is configured to receive a message that the base station feeds back on the preamble and the identity identifier, and the message includes at least one information element, and different information elements are used to indicate the difference of the user equipment initiating random access. result;
  • the operation execution module 3 is configured to perform corresponding operations according to the result of initiating random access indicated by the information unit included in the message.
  • the message includes a first information unit, and/or a second information unit, and/or a third information unit, and/or a fourth information unit;
  • the first information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment has succeeded in random access
  • the second information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment re-initiates random access in a preset manner
  • the third information is used to indicate whether the user equipment performs a preset step
  • the fourth information unit is used to indicate the retreat time of the user equipment.
  • the first information unit includes the identification of the preamble and contention resolution information.
  • the second information unit includes a preamble identifier and indication information, and the indication information is used to indicate the preset mode.
  • the third information unit only contains the identification of the preamble.
  • the fourth information unit only includes retreat information, and the retreat information is associated with the retreat time.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram showing an operation execution module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6, the operation execution module 3 includes:
  • the query submodule 31 is configured to query the first information unit in the message; in the case that the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried first information unit is different from the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment Query the second information unit in the message; in the case where the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried second information unit is different from the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, query in the message.
  • the third information unit in the case where the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried third information unit is different from the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment, query the fourth information unit in the message;
  • the connection establishment submodule 32 is configured to establish a communication connection with the base station when the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried first information unit is the same as the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment;
  • the re-initiating submodule 33 is configured to re-initiate random access in a preset manner when the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried second information unit is the same as the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment;
  • the step execution submodule 34 is configured to execute a preset step when the identifier of the preamble contained in the queried third information unit is the same as the identifier of the preamble sent by the user equipment;
  • the backoff submodule 35 is configured to re-send the preamble and the identity identifier to the base station according to the backoff information in the fourth information unit.
  • the first information unit, the second information unit, the third information unit, and the fourth information unit are sub-protocol data units of the MAC layer.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram showing a random access device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the random access apparatus described in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to a base station, and the base station can communicate with user equipment, for example, it can communicate with user equipment based on 4G and 5G technologies, and the user equipment can be a mobile phone or a tablet computer. , Wearable devices and other electronic devices.
  • the random access apparatus may include:
  • the receiving module 1' is configured to receive the preamble and the identity sent by the user equipment
  • the result determining module 2' is configured to determine the result of the random access initiated by the user equipment according to the preamble and the identity;
  • the message sending module 3' is configured to send a message to the user equipment according to the result, the message including at least one information unit, and different information units are used to indicate different results of the user equipment initiating random access.
  • the message includes a first information unit, and/or a second information unit, and/or a third information unit, and/or a fourth information unit;
  • the first information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment has succeeded in random access
  • the second information unit is used to indicate whether the user equipment re-initiates random access in a preset manner
  • the third information is used to indicate whether the user equipment performs a preset step
  • the fourth information unit is used to indicate the retreat time of the user equipment.
  • the first information unit includes the identification of the preamble and contention resolution information.
  • the second information unit includes a preamble identifier and indication information, and the indication information is used to indicate the preset mode.
  • the third information unit only contains the identification of the preamble.
  • the fourth information unit only includes retreat information, and the retreat information is associated with the retreat time.
  • the first information unit, the second information unit, the third information unit, and the fourth information unit are sub-protocol data units of the MAC layer.
  • the relevant part can refer to the part of the description of the method embodiment.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in One place, or it can be distributed to multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative work.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also proposes an electronic device, including:
  • a memory for storing processor executable instructions
  • processor is configured to implement the method described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the steps in the method described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus 800 for random access according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the apparatus 800 may be provided as a base station.
  • the device 800 includes a processing component 822, a wireless transmitting/receiving component 824, an antenna component 826, and a signal processing part specific to a wireless interface.
  • the processing component 822 may further include one or more processors. One of the processors in the processing component 822 may be configured to implement the method in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus 900 for random access according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the device 900 may be a mobile phone, a computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a messaging device, a game console, a tablet device, a medical device, a fitness device, a personal digital assistant, etc.
  • the device 900 may include one or more of the following components: a processing component 902, a memory 904, a power supply component 906, a multimedia component 908, an audio component 910, an input/output (I/O) interface 912, a sensor component 914, And communication component 916.
  • a processing component 902 a memory 904
  • a power supply component 906 a multimedia component 908, an audio component 910, an input/output (I/O) interface 912, a sensor component 914, And communication component 916.
  • I/O input/output
  • the processing component 902 generally controls the overall operations of the device 900, such as operations associated with display, telephone calls, data communications, camera operations, and recording operations.
  • the processing component 902 may include one or more processors 920 to execute instructions to complete all or part of the steps of the method in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
  • the processing component 902 may include one or more modules to facilitate the interaction between the processing component 902 and other components.
  • the processing component 902 may include a multimedia module to facilitate the interaction between the multimedia component 908 and the processing component 902.
  • the memory 904 is configured to store various types of data to support the operation of the device 900. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method operating on the device 900, contact data, phone book data, messages, pictures, videos, etc.
  • the memory 904 can be implemented by any type of volatile or nonvolatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Magnetic Memory, Flash Memory, Magnetic Disk or Optical Disk.
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • EPROM erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory
  • PROM Programmable Read Only Memory
  • ROM Read Only Memory
  • Magnetic Memory Flash Memory
  • Magnetic Disk Magnetic Disk or Optical Disk.
  • the power supply component 906 provides power to various components of the device 900.
  • the power supply component 906 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with the generation, management, and distribution of power for the device 900.
  • the multimedia component 908 includes a screen that provides an output interface between the device 900 and the user.
  • the screen may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a touch panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive input signals from the user.
  • the touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touch, sliding, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensor may not only sense the boundary of a touch or slide action, but also detect the duration and pressure related to the touch or slide operation.
  • the multimedia component 908 includes a front camera and/or a rear camera. When the device 900 is in an operation mode, such as a shooting mode or a video mode, the front camera and/or the rear camera can receive external multimedia data. Each front camera and rear camera can be a fixed optical lens system or have focal length and optical zoom capabilities.
  • the audio component 910 is configured to output and/or input audio signals.
  • the audio component 910 includes a microphone (MIC).
  • the microphone is configured to receive external audio signals.
  • the received audio signal may be further stored in the memory 904 or transmitted via the communication component 916.
  • the audio component 910 further includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.
  • the I/O interface 912 provides an interface between the processing component 902 and a peripheral interface module.
  • the above-mentioned peripheral interface module may be a keyboard, a click wheel, a button, and the like. These buttons may include but are not limited to: home button, volume button, start button, and lock button.
  • the sensor component 914 includes one or more sensors for providing the device 900 with various aspects of state evaluation.
  • the sensor component 914 can detect the open/close state of the device 900 and the relative positioning of components, such as the display and keypad of the device 900, and the sensor component 914 can also detect the position change of the device 900 or a component of the device 900 , The presence or absence of contact between the user and the device 900, the orientation or acceleration/deceleration of the device 900, and the temperature change of the device 900.
  • the sensor component 914 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of nearby objects when there is no physical contact.
  • the sensor component 914 may also include a light sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications.
  • the sensor component 914 may also include an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope sensor, a magnetic sensor, a pressure sensor or a temperature sensor.
  • the communication component 916 is configured to facilitate wired or wireless communication between the device 900 and other devices.
  • the device 900 can access a wireless network based on a communication standard, such as WiFi, 2G or 3G, 4G LTE, 5G NR, or a combination thereof.
  • the communication component 916 receives a broadcast signal or broadcast related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel.
  • the communication component 916 further includes a near field communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communication.
  • the NFC module can be implemented based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, infrared data association (IrDA) technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology and other technologies.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • IrDA infrared data association
  • UWB ultra-wideband
  • Bluetooth Bluetooth
  • the apparatus 900 may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), digital signal processors (DSP), digital signal processing equipment (DSPD), programmable logic devices (PLD), field programmable A gate array (FPGA), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or other electronic components are implemented to implement the method of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 above.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuits
  • DSP digital signal processors
  • DSPD digital signal processing equipment
  • PLD programmable logic devices
  • FPGA field programmable A gate array
  • controller a controller
  • microcontroller a microcontroller
  • microprocessor or other electronic components
  • non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions, such as the memory 904 including instructions, which can be executed by the processor 920 of the device 900 to complete the foregoing method.
  • the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be ROM, random access memory (RAM), CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage device, etc.

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Abstract

本公开涉及随机接入方法，适用于用户设备，所述方法包括：向基站发送前导码和身份标识以发起随机接入；接收所述基站针对所述前导码和所述身份标识反馈的消息，所述消息包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果；根据所述消息包含的信息单元所指示的发起随机接入的结果执行相应操作。根据本公开的实施例，使得用户设备和基站各发送一条消息就可以完成随机接入过程，有效地降低了随机接入过程占用的时间，有利于降低用户设备与基站之间的通信延迟。

Description

随机接入方法和随机接入装置 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及随机接入方法，随机接入装置，电子设备和计算机可读存储介质。
背景技术
在现有技术中，用户设备与基站通信时，随机接入过程需要执行四个步骤，其中用户设备执行两步，一步向基站发送随机接入的第一条消息MSG1，另一步向基站发送随机接入的第三条消息MSG3，还需要基站执行两步，一步向用户设备发送随机接入的第三条消息MSG3，另一步向基站发送随机接入的第四条消息MSG4。
但是执行四个步骤需要花费较长时间，导致用户设备与基站建立通信连接存在较高延迟。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面，提出一种随机接入方法，适用于用户设备，所述方法包括：
向基站发送前导码和身份标识以发起随机接入；
接收所述基站针对所述前导码和所述身份标识反馈的消息，所述消息包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果；
根据所述消息包含的信息单元所指示的发起随机接入的结果执行相应操作。
可选地，所述消息包含第一信息单元，和/或第二信息单元，和/或第三信息单元，和/或第四信息单元；
其中，所述第一信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否随机接入成功，所述第二信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，所述第三信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否执行预设步骤，所述第四信息单元用于指示所述用户设备避退时间。
可选地，所述第一信息单元包含前导码的标识和竞争解决信息。
可选地，所述第二信息单元包含前导码的标识和指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述预设方式。
可选地，所述第三信息单元只包含前导码的标识。
可选地，所述第四信息单元只包含避退信息，所述避退信息与所述避退时间相关联。
可选地，所述根据所述消息包含的信息单元所指示的发起随机接入的结果执行相应操作包括：
在所述消息中查询所述第一信息单元；
若查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同，与所述基站建立通信连接；
若查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同，在所述消息中查询所述第二信息单元；
若查询到的第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同，按照预设方式重新发起随机接入；
若查询到的第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同，在所述消息中查询所述第三信息单元；
若查询到的第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同，执行预设步骤；
若查询到的第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同，在所述消息中查询所述第四信息单元；
根据所述第四信息单元中的退避信息重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识。
可选地，所述第一信息单元，所述第二信息单元，所述第三信息单元以及所述第四信息单元为MAC层的子协议数据单元。
根据本发明的第二方面，提出一种随机接入方法，适用于基站，所述方法包括：
接收用户设备发送的前导码和身份标识；
根据所述前导码和身份标识确定所述用户设备发起随机接入的结果；
根据所述结果向所述用户设备发送消息，所述消息包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果。
可选地，所述消息包含第一信息单元，和/或第二信息单元，和/或第三信息单元，和/或第四信息单元；
其中，所述第一信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否随机接入成功，所述第二信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，所述第三信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否执行预设步骤，所述第四信息单元用于指示所述用户设备避退时间。
可选地，所述第一信息单元包含前导码的标识和竞争解决信息。
可选地，所述第二信息单元包含前导码的标识和指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述预设方式。
可选地，所述第三信息单元只包含前导码的标识。
可选地，所述第四信息单元只包含避退信息，所述避退信息与所述避退时间相关联。
可选地，所述第一信息单元，所述第二信息单元，所述第三信息单元以及所述第四信息单元为MAC层的子协议数据单元。
根据本发明的第三方面，提出一种随机接入装置，适用于用户设备，所述方法包括：
随机接入发起模块，被配置为向基站发送前导码和身份标识以发起随机接入；
消息接收模块，被配置为接收所述基站针对所述前导码和所述身份标识反馈的消息，所述消息包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果；
操作执行模块，被配置为根据所述消息包含的信息单元所指示的发起随机接入的结果执行相应操作。
可选地，所述消息包含第一信息单元，和/或第二信息单元，和/或第三信息单元，和/或第四信息单元；
其中，所述第一信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否随机接入成功，所述第二信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，所述第三信息 单元用于指示所述用户设备是否执行预设步骤，所述第四信息单元用于指示所述用户设备避退时间。
可选地，所述第一信息单元包含前导码的标识和竞争解决信息。
可选地，所述第二信息单元包含前导码的标识和指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述预设方式。
可选地，所述第三信息单元只包含前导码的标识。
可选地，所述第四信息单元只包含避退信息，所述避退信息与所述避退时间相关联。
可选地，所述操作执行模块包括：
查询子模块，被配置为在所述消息中查询所述第一信息单元；在查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同的情况下，在所述消息中查询所述第二信息单元；在查询到的第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同的情况下，在所述消息中查询所述第三信息单元；在查询到的第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同的情况下，在所述消息中查询所述第四信息单元；
连接建立子模块，被配置为在查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同的情况下，与所述基站建立通信连接；
重新发起子模块，被配置为在查询到的第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同的情况下，按照预设方式重新发起随机接入；
步骤执行子模块，被配置为在查询到的第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同的情况下，执行预设步骤；
退避子模块，被配置为根据所述第四信息单元中的退避信息重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识。
可选地，所述第一信息单元，所述第二信息单元，所述第三信息单元以及所述第四信息单元为MAC层的子协议数据单元。
根据本发明的第四方面，提出一种随机接入装置，适用于基站，所述装置包括：
接收模块，被配置为接收用户设备发送的前导码和身份标识；
结果确定模块，被配置为根据所述前导码和身份标识确定所述用户设备发起随机接入的结果；
消息发送模块，被配置为根据所述结果向所述用户设备发送消息，所述消息包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果。
可选地，所述消息包含第一信息单元，和/或第二信息单元，和/或第三信息单元，和/或第四信息单元；
其中，所述第一信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否随机接入成功，所述第二信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，所述第三信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否执行预设步骤，所述第四信息单元用于指示所述用户设备避退时间。
可选地，所述第一信息单元包含前导码的标识和竞争解决信息。
可选地，所述第二信息单元包含前导码的标识和指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述预设方式。
可选地，所述第三信息单元只包含前导码的标识。
可选地，所述第四信息单元只包含避退信息，所述避退信息与所述避退时间相关联。
可选地，所述第一信息单元，所述第二信息单元，所述第三信息单元以及所述第四信息单元为MAC层的子协议数据单元。
根据本发明的第五方面，提出一种电子设备，包括：
处理器；
用于存储处理器可执行指令的存储器；
其中，所述处理器被配置为实现上述任一实施例所述的方法。
根据本发明的第六方面，提出一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该程序被处理器执行时实现上述任一实施例所述方法中的步骤。
根据本公开的实施例，在用户设备将前导码和身份标识整合为一条消息发送给基站来发起随机接入的情况下，基站可以生成不同的信息单元指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果，并将至少一个信息单元作为一条消息发送给用户设备，使得一个或 多个用户设备能够基于所接收到的一条消息确定发起随机接入的结果，并执行结果对应的操作，从而使得用户设备和基站各发送一条消息就可以完成随机接入过程，有效地降低了随机接入过程占用的时间，有利于降低用户设备与基站之间的通信延迟。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种随机接入方法的示意流程图。
图2是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种根据所述消息包含的信息单元所指示的发起随机接入的结果执行相应操作的示意流程图。
图3是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种协议数据单元的示意图。
图4是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种随机接入方法的示意流程图。
图5是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种随机接入装置的示意框图。
图6是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种操作执行模块的示意框图。
图7是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种随机接入装置的示意框图。
图8是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种用于随机接入的装置的示意图。
图9是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种用于随机接入的装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
图1是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种随机接入方法的示意流程图。本公开的实施例所述的随机接入方法可以适用于用户设备，所述用户设备可以与基站进行通信，例如可以基于4G，5G技术与基站进行通信，所述用户设备可以是手机，平板电脑， 可穿戴设备等电子设备。
如图1所示，所述随机接入方法可以包括以下步骤：
在步骤S1中，向基站发送前导码和身份标识以发起随机接入；
在步骤S2中，接收所述基站针对所述前导码和所述身份标识反馈的消息，所述消息包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果；
在步骤S3中，根据所述消息包含的信息单元所指示的发起随机接入的结果执行相应操作。
在相关技术中，用户设备与基站之间的随机接入(竞争的随机接入)过程包括4个步骤，首先，用户设备向基站发送随机接入的第一条消息MSG1，其中主要包含前导码(Preamble)；基站接收到MGS1后，向用户设备发送随机接入的第二条消息MSG2，MSG2也可以称作随机接入响应(简称RAR)，其中主要包含前导码的标识，上行资源分配信息；用户设备接收到MSG2后，向基站发送随机接入的第三条消息MSG3，其中主要包含用户设备的身份标识；基站接收到MSG3后，可以向用户设备发送竞争解决(Contention Resolution)信息。根据竞争解决信息用户设备可以确定是否能够与基站建立通信连接。
基站在接收到前导码和身份标识后，可以根据所述前导码和身份标识确定所述用户设备发起随机接入的结果，例如可以判断接收到的前导码与预设前导码是否相同，和/或判断接收到的身份标识与预设身份标识是否相同，进而根据随时接入的结果生成对应的消息。
在一个实施例中，随时接入的结果可以包括4种：
其一，随机接入成功，例如对于竞争的随机接入而言就是竞争成功，那么可以生成第一信息单元发送给用户设备；
其二，随机接入失败，需要用户设备按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，例如按照相关技术中发起随机接入的4个步骤重新发起随机接入；
其三，随机接入失败，需要用户设备执行预设步骤，例如向基站发送请求以获取系统消息，或者立即重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识以重新发起随机接入；
其四，随机接入失败，需要用户设备等待一段时间后再重新发起随机接入。
针对上述4种结果，基站可以生成结果对应的消息，消息可以包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果。
需要说明的是，基站发送消息的方式可以是广播，并且对于所发送的消息可以通过预设加扰方式进行加扰，从而在一个或多个用户设备接收到消息的情况下，只有通过预设解扰方式(与预设加扰方式相对应)解扰所述消息的用户设备，才能获取到消息包含的信息单元所指示的内容。
另外，信息单元中可以包含指示信息以及用户设备的标识信息，指示信息用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的结果，用户设备的标识信息用于表示与该用户设备的标识信息处于同一信息单元中的指示信息是针对哪个用户设备的，其中，标识信息可以包括用户设备的身份标识，也可以包括用户设备所有发送的前导码的标识(索引号)。
例如第一信息单元可以包含用户设备A的标识信息以及竞争解决信息，当用户设备A和用户设备B都能够通过预设解扰方式解扰消息，而获取到消息包含的第一信息单元中的标识信息以及竞争解决信息，那么可以根据第一信息单元中的标识信息进一步确定竞争解决信息是针对哪个用户设备的，由于标识信息为用户设备A的标识信息，那么用户设备A可以确定该标识信息与自身的标识信息相符，而用户设备B则确定该标识信息与自身的标识信息不相符，从而用户设备A可以确定随机接入竞争成功，而用户设备B并不会确定随机接入竞争成功。
用户设备在接收到基站发送的消息后，可以基于消息包含的信息单元所指示的内容确定随机接入的结果，进而根据所述结果执行相应操作，例如在随机接入成功的情况下，可以与基站建立通信连接，例如在需要按照预设方式重新发起随机接入的情况下，可以预设方式重新发起随机接入，例如在需要执行预设步骤的情况下，可以执行预设步骤，例如在需要等待一段时间后再重新发起随机接入的情况下，可以等待一段时间后再重新发起随机接入。
根据本公开的实施例，在用户设备将前导码和身份标识整合为一条消息发送给基站来发起随机接入的情况下，基站可以生成不同的信息单元指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果，并将至少一个信息单元作为一条消息发送给用户设备，使得一个或多个用户设备能够基于所接收到的一条消息确定发起随机接入的结果，并执行结果对应的操作，从而使得用户设备和基站各发送一条消息就可以完成随机接入过程，有效地降低了随机接入过程占用的时间，有利于降低用户设备与基站之间的通信延迟。
可选地，所述消息包含第一信息单元，和/或第二信息单元，和/或第三信息单元，和/或第四信息单元；
其中，所述第一信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否随机接入成功，所述第二信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，所述第三信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否执行预设步骤，所述第四信息单元用于指示所述用户设备避退时间。
在一个实施例中，随机接入的结果可以有多种，基站针对每种随机接入的结果可以生成对应的信息单元，例如针对4种随机接入的结果，基站可以生成第一信息单元指示所述用户设备随机接入成功，生成第二信息单元指示所述用户设备按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，生成第三信息单元指示所述用户设备执行预设步骤，生成第四信息单元指示所述用户设备避退时间。
需要说明的是，所述消息可以包括上述4个信息单元中的一个信息单元，也可以包括上述4个信息单元中的多个信息单元。
当所述消息包括上述4个信息单元中的一个信息单元时，用户设备可以基于这一个信息单元确定随机接入的结果。当所述消息包括上述4个信息单元中的多个信息单元时，用户设备可以按照优先级查询信息单元，并基于查询到的优先级最高的信息单元确定随机接入的结果。而在信息单元中包含用户设备的标识信息时，用户设备也可以基于多个信息单元中包含与自身的标识信息相同的标识信息的信息单元来确定随机接入的结果。
可选地，所述第一信息单元包含前导码的标识(简称RAPID)和竞争解决信息(简称CR)。
在一个实施例中，第一信息单元可以包含前导码的标识和竞争解决信息，用户设备可以确定第一信息单元中前导码的标识与自身发送的前导码的标识是否相同，若相同，那么可以确定竞争解决信息是针对自身的，从而确定随机接入竞争成功，进而可以与基站建立通信连接。
可选地，所述第二信息单元包含前导码的标识和指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述预设方式。
在一个实施例中，第二信息单元可以包含前导码的标识和指示信息，用户设备可以确定第二信息单元中前导码的标识与自身发送的前导码的标识是否相同，若相同， 那么可以确定指示信息是针对自身的，从而按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，例如按照相关技术中发起随机接入的4个步骤重新发起随机接入。
其中，指示信息可以是随机接入响应，其中可以包括上行同步的时间调整信息，上行资源信息等。
可选地，所述第三信息单元只包含前导码的标识。
在一个实施例中，第三信息单元可以只包含前导码的标识，用户设备可以确定第三信息单元中前导码的标识与自身发送的前导码的标识是否相同，若相同，而信息单元中除了前导码的标识没有其他内容，那么可以执行预设步骤，例如向基站发送请求以获取系统消息，或者立即重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识以重新发起随机接入。
其中，预设步骤包括但不限于上述两种情况，可以根据需要进行设置。
可选地，所述第四信息单元只包含避退信息，所述避退信息与所述避退时间相关联。
在一个实施例中，第四信息单元可以只包含避退信息，用户设备可以根据所述退避信息重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识，以重新发起随机接入，其中，避退信息可以是一个数值，该数值可以与避退时间相关联，用户设备可以根据避退信息确定避退时间，进而延后避退时间后再重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识。
图2是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种根据所述消息包含的信息单元所指示的发起随机接入的结果执行相应操作的示意流程图。如图2所示，所述根据所述消息包含的信息单元所指示的发起随机接入的结果执行相应操作包括：
在步骤S31中，在所述消息中查询所述第一信息单元；
在步骤S32中，若查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同，与所述基站建立通信连接；
在一个实施例中，由于第一信息单元用于指示用户设备是否随机接入成功，因此当查询到第一信息单元时，用户设备可以根据第一信息单元确定随机接入是否成功，例如可以确定第一信息单元中前导码的标识与自身发送的前导码的标识是否相同，若相同，那么可以确定竞争解决信息是针对自身的，从而确定随机接入竞争成功，进而与基站建立通信连接，并暂停查询其他信息单元。
在一般情况下，当基站指示某个用户设备随机接入成功时，不会同时指示该用 户设备随机接入失败，所以用户设备一旦根据第一信息单元确定随机接入成功，就可以与基站建立通信连接，只有在根据第一信息单元确定随机接入未成功时，才需要根据其他信息单元确定执行何种操作。因此可以设置用户设备在接收到基站发送的消息后，先在消息中查询第一信息单元，从而先根据第一信息单元确定是否随机接入成功，以免在基站通过第一信息单元指示用户设备随机接入成功的情况下，用户设备先查询到其他信息单元而导致确定随机接入成功延后的问题。
在步骤S33中，若查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同，在所述消息中查询所述第二信息单元；
在步骤S34中，若查询到的第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同，按照预设方式重新发起随机接入；
进一步地，若查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同，可以先查询第二信息单元，由于第二信息单元用于指示用户设备是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，因此当查询到第二信息单元时，用户设备可以根据第二信息单元确定随机接入是否成功，例如可以确定第二信息单元中前导码的标识与自身发送的前导码的标识是否相同，若相同，那么可以确定指示信息是针对自身的，从而按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，并暂停查询其他信息单元。
在一般情况下，当某个用户设备和基站尝试通过各发送一条消息来完成随机接入过程时，而随机接入未成功，那么基站发送的消息中所包含第一信息单元不包含该用户设备的身份标识。在这种情况下，如果基站仍希望用户设备能够完成随机接入，那么可以在消息中发送包含用户设备的身份标识的第二信息单元，因此可以设置用户设备在查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同时，先在消息中查询第二信息单元，从而先根据第二信息单元确定是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，以免在基站通过第二信息单元指示用户设备按照预设方式重新发起随机接入的情况下，用户设备先查询到其他信息单元而导致按照预设方式重新发起随机接入延后的问题。
在步骤S35中，若查询到的第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同，在所述消息中查询所述第三信息单元；
在步骤S36中，若查询到的第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同，执行预设步骤；
进一步地，若查询到的第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同，可以先查询第三信息单元，由于第三信息单元用于指示用户设备是否执行预设步骤，因此当查询到第三信息单元时，用户设备可以根据第三信息单元确定随机接入是否成功，例如可以确定第三信息单元中前导码的标识与自身发送的前导码的标识是否相同，若相同，那么可以执行预设步骤，并暂停查询其他信息单元。
在一般情况下，当某个用户设备和基站尝试通过各发送一条消息来完成随机接入过程时，而随机接入未成功，并且基站希望用户设备能够执行预设步骤，那么基站发送的消息中所包含第一信息单元和第二信息单元都不包含该用户设备的身份标识。在这种情况下，可以设置用户设备先在消息中查询第三信息单元，从而先根据第三信息单元确定是否执行预设步骤，以免在基站通过第二信息单元指示用户设备执行预设步骤的情况下，用户设备先查询到其他信息单元而导致执行预设步骤延后的问题。
在步骤S37中，若查询到的第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同，在所述消息中查询所述第四信息单元；
在步骤S38中，根据所述第四信息单元中的退避信息重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识。
进一步地，若查询到的第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同，可以继续查询第四信息单元，第四信息单元一般在基站发送给用户设备的消息中都会携带，例如对于某个用户设备而言，若基站发送的消息中所包含第一信息单元和第二信息单元以及第三信息单元都不包含该用户设备的身份标识，那么用户设备可以查询第四信息单元，并根据所述第四信息单元中的退避信息重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识，例如先根据退避信息确定退避时间，然后延后退避时间在重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识以发起随机接入。
可选地，所述第一信息单元，所述第二信息单元，所述第三信息单元以及所述第四信息单元为MAC(Media Access Control，介质访问控制)层的子协议数据单元。
在一个实施例中，基站发送的消息中可以包含协议数据单元(Protocol Data Unit，简称PDU)，协议数据单元可以包括多个子协议数据单元(subPDU)，还可以包含填充单元(Padding)。
例如图3是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种协议数据单元的示意图。如图3所示，协议数据单元可以包括n个subPDU，还可以包含一个可选的填充单元。
其中，subPDU1即上述第四信息单元，其中只包含退避信息(Backoff Indicator，简称BI)，subPDU1可以作为E/T/R/R/BI子头。
subPDU2即上述第三信息单元，其中只包含RAPID(也即前导码的标识)，subPDU2可以作为E/T/RAPID子头。
subPDU3即上述第二信息单元，其中包含RAPID和指示信息，指示信息可以是RAR，subPDU3可以作为E/T/RAPID子头和RAR。
subPDU4即上述第一信息单元，其中包含RAPID和竞争解决信息(CR)，subPDU4可以作为E/T/RAPID子头和RAR CR。
需要说明的是，4个信息单元在协议数据单元对应的子协议数据单元并不限于图3所示的情况，可以根据需要进行调整。
在一个实施例中，所述4个信息单元可以设置在预设的子协议数据单元中，从而在用户设备接收到基站发送的消息后，可以依次查询包含第一信息单元的子协议数据单元，包含第二信息单元的子协议单元，包含第三信息单元的子协议单元，包含第四信息单元的子协议单元。
据此，可以使得用户设备优先查询到第一信息单元，并根据第一信息单元确定是否随机接入成功，在第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同时，优先查询第二信息单元，并根据第二信息单元确定是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，在第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同时，优先查询第三信息单元，根据第三信息单元确定是否执行预设步骤，在第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同时，最后才查询第四信息单元。
图4是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种随机接入方法的示意流程图。本公开的实施例所述的随机接入方法可以适用于基站，所述基站可以与用户设备进行通信，例如可以基于4G，5G技术与用户设备进行通信，所述用户设备可以是手机，平板电脑，可穿戴设备等电子设备。
如图4所示，所述随机接入方法可以包括以下步骤：
在步骤S1’中，接收用户设备发送的前导码和身份标识；
在步骤S2’中，根据所述前导码和身份标识确定所述用户设备发起随机接入的 结果；
在步骤S3’中，根据所述结果向所述用户设备发送消息，所述消息包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果。
根据本公开的实施例，在用户设备将前导码和身份标识整合为一条消息发送给基站来发起随机接入的情况下，基站可以生成不同的信息单元指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果，并将至少一个信息单元作为一条消息发送给用户设备，使得一个或多个用户设备能够基于所接收到的一条消息确定发起随机接入的结果，并执行结果对应的操作，从而使得用户设备和基站各发送一条消息就可以完成随机接入过程，有效地降低了随机接入过程占用的时间，有利于降低用户设备与基站之间的通信延迟。
在一个实施例中，用户设备可以将MSG1和MSG3整合为一条消息X发送至基站，消息X中包含随机接入的前导码和用户设备的身份标识。而基站可能接收到消息X的全部，也即接收到MSG1和MSG3，也可能只接收到消息X的部分，例如只接收到MSG1，还可能没有接收到消息X，在这些情况下，基站所确定的随机接入结果可以有所不同，也可以部分相同。
例如基站接收到MSG1和MSG3，那么可以通过发送第一信息单元指示用户设备随机接入成功，例如基站只接收到MSG1，那么可以通过发送第二信息单元指示用户设备按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，或者通过发送第三信息单元指示用户设备执行预设步骤，例如基站没有接收到MSG1或MSG3，那么可以通过发送第四信息单元指示用户设备避退时间。
可选地，所述消息包含第一信息单元，和/或第二信息单元，和/或第三信息单元，和/或第四信息单元；
其中，所述第一信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否随机接入成功，所述第二信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，所述第三信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否执行预设步骤，所述第四信息单元用于指示所述用户设备避退时间。
在一个实施例中，随机接入的结果可以有多种，基站针对每种随机接入的结果可以生成对应的信息单元，例如针对4种随机接入的结果，基站可以生成第一信息单元指示所述用户设备随机接入成功，生成第二信息单元指示所述用户设备按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，生成第三信息单元指示所述用户设备执行预设步骤，生成第四 信息单元指示所述用户设备避退时间。
需要说明的是，所述消息可以包括上述4个信息单元中的一个信息单元，也可以包括上述4个信息单元中的多个信息单元。
当所述消息包括上述4个信息单元中的一个信息单元时，用户设备可以基于这一个信息单元确定随机接入的结果。当所述消息包括上述4个信息单元中的多个信息单元时，用户设备可以按照优先级查询信息单元，并基于查询到的优先级最高的信息单元确定随机接入的结果。而在信息单元中包含用户设备的标识信息时，用户设备也可以基于多个信息单元中包含与自身的标识信息相同的标识信息的信息单元来确定随机接入的结果。
可选地，所述第一信息单元包含前导码的标识和竞争解决信息。
在一个实施例中，第一信息单元可以包含前导码的标识和竞争解决信息，用户设备可以确定第一信息单元中前导码的标识与自身发送的前导码的标识是否相同，若相同，那么可以确定竞争解决信息是针对自身的，从而确定随机接入竞争成功，进而可以与基站建立通信连接。
可选地，所述第二信息单元包含前导码的标识和指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述预设方式。
在一个实施例中，第二信息单元可以包含前导码的标识和指示信息，用户设备可以确定第二信息单元中前导码的标识与自身发送的前导码的标识是否相同，若相同，那么可以确定指示信息是针对自身的，从而按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，例如按照相关技术中发起随机接入的4个步骤重新发起随机接入。
其中，指示信息可以是随机接入响应，其中可以包括上行同步的时间调整信息，上行资源信息等。
可选地，所述第三信息单元只包含前导码的标识。
在一个实施例中，第三信息单元可以只包含前导码的标识，用户设备可以确定第三信息单元中前导码的标识与自身发送的前导码的标识是否相同，若相同，而信息单元中除了前导码的标识没有其他内容，那么可以执行预设步骤，例如向基站发送请求以获取系统消息，或者立即重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识以重新发起随机接入。
其中，预设步骤包括但不限于上述两种情况，可以根据需要进行设置。
可选地，所述第四信息单元只包含避退信息，所述避退信息与所述避退时间相关联。
在一个实施例中，第四信息单元可以只包含避退信息，用户设备可以根据所述退避信息重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识，以重新发起随机接入，其中，避退信息可以是一个数值，该数值可以与避退时间相关联，用户设备可以根据避退信息确定避退时间，进而延后避退时间后再重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识。
可选地，所述第一信息单元，所述第二信息单元，所述第三信息单元以及所述第四信息单元为MAC层的子协议数据单元。
与前述的随机接入方法的实施例相对应，本公开还提供了随机接入装置的实施例。
图5是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种随机接入装置的示意框图。本公开的实施例所述的随机接入装置可以适用于用户设备，所述用户设备可以与基站进行通信，例如可以基于4G，5G技术与基站进行通信，所述用户设备可以是手机，平板电脑，可穿戴设备等电子设备。
如图5所示，所述随机接入装置可以包括
随机接入发起模块1，被配置为向基站发送前导码和身份标识以发起随机接入；
消息接收模块2，被配置为接收所述基站针对所述前导码和所述身份标识反馈的消息，所述消息包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果；
操作执行模块3，被配置为根据所述消息包含的信息单元所指示的发起随机接入的结果执行相应操作。
可选地，所述消息包含第一信息单元，和/或第二信息单元，和/或第三信息单元，和/或第四信息单元；
其中，所述第一信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否随机接入成功，所述第二信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，所述第三信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否执行预设步骤，所述第四信息单元用于指示所述用户设备避退时间。
可选地，所述第一信息单元包含前导码的标识和竞争解决信息。
可选地，所述第二信息单元包含前导码的标识和指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述预设方式。
可选地，所述第三信息单元只包含前导码的标识。
可选地，所述第四信息单元只包含避退信息，所述避退信息与所述避退时间相关联。
图6是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种操作执行模块的示意框图。如图6所示，所述操作执行模块3包括：
查询子模块31，被配置为在所述消息中查询所述第一信息单元；在查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同的情况下，在所述消息中查询所述第二信息单元；在查询到的第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同的情况下，在所述消息中查询所述第三信息单元；在查询到的第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同的情况下，在所述消息中查询所述第四信息单元；
连接建立子模块32，被配置为在查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同的情况下，与所述基站建立通信连接；
重新发起子模块33，被配置为在查询到的第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同的情况下，按照预设方式重新发起随机接入；
步骤执行子模块34，被配置为在查询到的第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同的情况下，执行预设步骤；
退避子模块35，被配置为根据所述第四信息单元中的退避信息重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识。
可选地，所述第一信息单元，所述第二信息单元，所述第三信息单元以及所述第四信息单元为MAC层的子协议数据单元。
图7是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种随机接入装置的示意框图。本公开的实施例所述的随机接入装置可以适用于基站，所述基站可以与用户设备进行通信，例如可以基于4G，5G技术与用户设备进行通信，所述用户设备可以是手机，平板电脑，可穿戴设备等电子设备。
如图7所示，所述随机接入装置可以包括：
接收模块1’，被配置为接收用户设备发送的前导码和身份标识；
结果确定模块2’，被配置为根据所述前导码和身份标识确定所述用户设备发起随机接入的结果；
消息发送模块3’，被配置为根据所述结果向所述用户设备发送消息，所述消息包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果。
可选地，所述消息包含第一信息单元，和/或第二信息单元，和/或第三信息单元，和/或第四信息单元；
其中，所述第一信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否随机接入成功，所述第二信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，所述第三信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否执行预设步骤，所述第四信息单元用于指示所述用户设备避退时间。
可选地，所述第一信息单元包含前导码的标识和竞争解决信息。
可选地，所述第二信息单元包含前导码的标识和指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述预设方式。
可选地，所述第三信息单元只包含前导码的标识。
可选地，所述第四信息单元只包含避退信息，所述避退信息与所述避退时间相关联。
可选地，所述第一信息单元，所述第二信息单元，所述第三信息单元以及所述第四信息单元为MAC层的子协议数据单元。
关于上述实施例中的装置，其中各个模块执行操作的具体方式已经在相关方法的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
对于装置实施例而言，由于其基本对应于方法实施例，所以相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的模块可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为模块显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理模块，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络模块上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
本公开的实施例还提出一种电子设备，包括：
处理器；
用于存储处理器可执行指令的存储器；
其中，所述处理器被配置为实现上述任一实施例所述的方法。
本公开的实施例还提出一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该程序被处理器执行时实现上述任一实施例所述的方法中的步骤。
如图8所示，图8是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种用于随机接入的装置800的示意图。装置800可以被提供为一基站。参照图8，装置800包括处理组件822、无线发射/接收组件824、天线组件826、以及无线接口特有的信号处理部分，处理组件822可进一步包括一个或多个处理器。处理组件822中的其中一个处理器可以被配置为实现上述图4所示实施例中的方法。
图9是根据本公开的实施例示出的一种用于随机接入的装置900的示意图。例如，装置900可以是移动电话，计算机，数字广播终端，消息收发设备，游戏控制台，平板设备，医疗设备，健身设备，个人数字助理等。
参照图9，装置900可以包括以下一个或多个组件：处理组件902，存储器904，电源组件906，多媒体组件908，音频组件910，输入/输出(I/O)的接口912，传感器组件914，以及通信组件916。
处理组件902通常控制装置900的整体操作，诸如与显示，电话呼叫，数据通信，相机操作和记录操作相关联的操作。处理组件902可以包括一个或多个处理器920来执行指令，以完成上述图1所示实施例的方法的全部或部分步骤。此外，处理组件902可以包括一个或多个模块，便于处理组件902和其他组件之间的交互。例如，处理组件902可以包括多媒体模块，以方便多媒体组件908和处理组件902之间的交互。
存储器904被配置为存储各种类型的数据以支持在装置900的操作。这些数据的示例包括用于在装置900上操作的任何应用程序或方法的指令，联系人数据，电话簿数据，消息，图片，视频等。存储器904可以由任何类型的易失性或非易失性存储设备或者它们的组合实现，如静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)，电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)，可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM)，可编程只读存储器(PROM)，只读存储器(ROM)，磁存储器，快闪存储器，磁盘或光盘。
电源组件906为装置900的各种组件提供电力。电源组件906可以包括电源管理系统，一个或多个电源，及其他与为装置900生成、管理和分配电力相关联的组件。
多媒体组件908包括在所述装置900和用户之间的提供一个输出接口的屏幕。在一些实施例中，屏幕可以包括液晶显示器(LCD)和触摸面板(TP)。如果屏幕包括触摸面板，屏幕可以被实现为触摸屏，以接收来自用户的输入信号。触摸面板包括一个或多个触摸传感器以感测触摸、滑动和触摸面板上的手势。所述触摸传感器可以不仅感测触摸或滑动动作的边界，而且还检测与所述触摸或滑动操作相关的持续时间和压力。在一些实施例中，多媒体组件908包括一个前置摄像头和/或后置摄像头。当装置900处于操作模式，如拍摄模式或视频模式时，前置摄像头和/或后置摄像头可以接收外部的多媒体数据。每个前置摄像头和后置摄像头可以是一个固定的光学透镜系统或具有焦距和光学变焦能力。
音频组件910被配置为输出和/或输入音频信号。例如，音频组件910包括一个麦克风(MIC)，当装置900处于操作模式，如呼叫模式、记录模式和语音识别模式时，麦克风被配置为接收外部音频信号。所接收的音频信号可以被进一步存储在存储器904或经由通信组件916发送。在一些实施例中，音频组件910还包括一个扬声器，用于输出音频信号。
I/O接口912为处理组件902和外围接口模块之间提供接口，上述外围接口模块可以是键盘，点击轮，按钮等。这些按钮可包括但不限于：主页按钮、音量按钮、启动按钮和锁定按钮。
传感器组件914包括一个或多个传感器，用于为装置900提供各个方面的状态评估。例如，传感器组件914可以检测到装置900的打开/关闭状态，组件的相对定位，例如所述组件为装置900的显示器和小键盘，传感器组件914还可以检测装置900或装置900一个组件的位置改变，用户与装置900接触的存在或不存在，装置900方位或加速/减速和装置900的温度变化。传感器组件914可以包括接近传感器，被配置用来在没有任何的物理接触时检测附近物体的存在。传感器组件914还可以包括光传感器，如CMOS或CCD图像传感器，用于在成像应用中使用。在一些实施例中，该传感器组件914还可以包括加速度传感器，陀螺仪传感器，磁传感器，压力传感器或温度传感器。
通信组件916被配置为便于装置900和其他设备之间有线或无线方式的通信。装置900可以接入基于通信标准的无线网络，如WiFi，2G或3G，4G LTE、5G NR或它们的组合。在一个示例性实施例中，通信组件916经由广播信道接收来自外部广播管理系统的广播信号或广播相关信息。在一个示例性实施例中，所述通信组件916 还包括近场通信(NFC)模块，以促进短程通信。例如，在NFC模块可基于射频识别(RFID)技术，红外数据协会(IrDA)技术，超宽带(UWB)技术，蓝牙(BT)技术和其他技术来实现。
在示例性实施例中，装置900可以被一个或多个应用专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理设备(DSPD)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、控制器、微控制器、微处理器或其他电子元件实现，用于执行上述图1所示实施例的方法。
在示例性实施例中，还提供了一种包括指令的非临时性计算机可读存储介质，例如包括指令的存储器904，上述指令可由装置900的处理器920执行以完成上述方法。例如，所述非临时性计算机可读存储介质可以是ROM、随机存取存储器(RAM)、CD-ROM、磁带、软盘和光数据存储设备等。
本领域技术人员在考虑说明书及实践这里公开的公开后，将容易想到本公开的其它实施方案。本申请旨在涵盖本公开的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化，这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本公开的一般性原理并包括本公开未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和实施例仅被视为示例性的，本公开的真正范围和精神由下面的权利要求指出。
应当理解的是，本公开并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的精确结构，并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本公开的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的方法和装置进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本 发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种随机接入方法，其特征在于，适用于用户设备，所述方法包括：
    向基站发送前导码和身份标识以发起随机接入；
    接收所述基站针对所述前导码和所述身份标识反馈的消息，所述消息包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果；
    根据所述消息包含的信息单元所指示的发起随机接入的结果执行相应操作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述消息包含第一信息单元，和/或第二信息单元，和/或第三信息单元，和/或第四信息单元；
    其中，所述第一信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否随机接入成功，所述第二信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，所述第三信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否执行预设步骤，所述第四信息单元用于指示所述用户设备避退时间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息单元包含前导码的标识和竞争解决信息。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二信息单元包含前导码的标识和指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述预设方式。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三信息单元只包含前导码的标识。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第四信息单元只包含避退信息，所述避退信息与所述避退时间相关联。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述消息包含的信息单元所指示的发起随机接入的结果执行相应操作包括：
    在所述消息中查询所述第一信息单元；
    若查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同，与所述基站建立通信连接；
    若查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同，在所述消息中查询所述第二信息单元；
    若查询到的第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同，按照预设方式重新发起随机接入；
    若查询到的第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同，在所述消息中查询所述第三信息单元；
    若查询到的第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同，执行预设步骤；
    若查询到的第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同，在所述消息中查询所述第四信息单元；
    根据所述第四信息单元中的退避信息重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息单元，所述第二信息单元，所述第三信息单元以及所述第四信息单元为MAC层的子协议数据单元。
  9. 一种随机接入方法，其特征在于，适用于基站，所述方法包括：
    接收用户设备发送的前导码和身份标识；
    根据所述前导码和身份标识确定所述用户设备发起随机接入的结果；
    根据所述结果向所述用户设备发送消息，所述消息包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述消息包含第一信息单元，和/或第二信息单元，和/或第三信息单元，和/或第四信息单元；
    其中，所述第一信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否随机接入成功，所述第二信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，所述第三信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否执行预设步骤，所述第四信息单元用于指示所述用户设备避退时间。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息单元包含前导码的标识和竞争解决信息。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二信息单元包含前导码的标识和指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述预设方式。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三信息单元只包含前导码的标识。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第四信息单元只包含避退信息，所述避退信息与所述避退时间相关联。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息单元，所述第二信息单元，所述第三信息单元以及所述第四信息单元为MAC层的子协议数据单元。
  16. 一种随机接入装置，其特征在于，适用于用户设备，所述方法包括：
    随机接入发起模块，被配置为向基站发送前导码和身份标识以发起随机接入；
    消息接收模块，被配置为接收所述基站针对所述前导码和所述身份标识反馈的消 息，所述消息包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果；
    操作执行模块，被配置为根据所述消息包含的信息单元所指示的发起随机接入的结果执行相应操作。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，所述消息包含第一信息单元，和/或第二信息单元，和/或第三信息单元，和/或第四信息单元；
    其中，所述第一信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否随机接入成功，所述第二信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，所述第三信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否执行预设步骤，所述第四信息单元用于指示所述用户设备避退时间。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一信息单元包含前导码的标识和竞争解决信息。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二信息单元包含前导码的标识和指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述预设方式。
  20. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第三信息单元只包含前导码的标识。
  21. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第四信息单元只包含避退信息，所述避退信息与所述避退时间相关联。
  22. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述操作执行模块包括：
    查询子模块，被配置为在所述消息中查询所述第一信息单元；在查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同的情况下，在所述消息中查询所述第二信息单元；在查询到的第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同的情况下，在所述消息中查询所述第三信息单元；在查询到的第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识不同的情况下，在所述消息中查询所述第四信息单元；
    连接建立子模块，被配置为在查询到的第一信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同的情况下，与所述基站建立通信连接；
    重新发起子模块，被配置为在查询到的第二信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同的情况下，按照预设方式重新发起随机接入；
    步骤执行子模块，被配置为在查询到的第三信息单元包含的前导码的标识与所述用户设备发送的前导码的标识相同的情况下，执行预设步骤；
    退避子模块，被配置为根据所述第四信息单元中的退避信息重新向基站发送前导码和身份标识。
  23. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一信息单元，所述第二信息单元，所述第三信息单元以及所述第四信息单元为MAC层的子协议数据单元。
  24. 一种随机接入装置，其特征在于，适用于基站，所述装置包括：
    接收模块，被配置为接收用户设备发送的前导码和身份标识；
    结果确定模块，被配置为根据所述前导码和身份标识确定所述用户设备发起随机接入的结果；
    消息发送模块，被配置为根据所述结果向所述用户设备发送消息，所述消息包含至少一个信息单元，不同的信息单元用于指示用户设备发起随机接入的不同结果。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的装置，其特征在于，所述消息包含第一信息单元，和/或第二信息单元，和/或第三信息单元，和/或第四信息单元；
    其中，所述第一信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否随机接入成功，所述第二信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否按照预设方式重新发起随机接入，所述第三信息单元用于指示所述用户设备是否执行预设步骤，所述第四信息单元用于指示所述用户设备避退时间。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一信息单元包含前导码的标识和竞争解决信息。
  27. 根据权利要求25所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二信息单元包含前导码的标识和指示信息，所述指示信息用于指示所述预设方式。
  28. 根据权利要求25所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三信息单元只包含前导码的标识。
  29. 根据权利要求25所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第四信息单元只包含避退信息，所述避退信息与所述避退时间相关联。
  30. 根据权利要求25所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一信息单元，所述第二信息单元，所述第三信息单元以及所述第四信息单元为MAC层的子协议数据单元。
  31. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：
    处理器；
    用于存储处理器可执行指令的存储器；
    其中，所述处理器被配置为实现权利要求1至8和/或权利要求9至16中任一项所述的方法。
  32. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，其特征在于，该程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至8和/或权利要求9至16中任一项所述方法中的步骤。
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