WO2020199051A1 - 一种随机接入的方法、基站、终端及信道结构 - Google Patents

一种随机接入的方法、基站、终端及信道结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020199051A1
WO2020199051A1 PCT/CN2019/080682 CN2019080682W WO2020199051A1 WO 2020199051 A1 WO2020199051 A1 WO 2020199051A1 CN 2019080682 W CN2019080682 W CN 2019080682W WO 2020199051 A1 WO2020199051 A1 WO 2020199051A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
length
pusch
preamble
signal
terminal
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PCT/CN2019/080682
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐伟杰
吴作敏
Original Assignee
Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 filed Critical Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2019/080682 priority Critical patent/WO2020199051A1/zh
Priority to CN201980074071.7A priority patent/CN112970320B/zh
Publication of WO2020199051A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020199051A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a random access method, base station, terminal and channel structure.
  • the random access process refers to the process from when the user sends a random access preamble to try to access the network until the basic signaling connection is established with the network.
  • the existing conventional random access usually adopts a four-step access method that is completed between the terminal and the base station through msg1-msg4 message interaction.
  • the current four-step access method is being considered to be compressed into a two-step access method.
  • the terminal sends msgA, and the base station responds with msgB.
  • msgA can include the preamble and the uplink data part.
  • the uplink data part can be carried by the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), but the guard time (guard time) between the preamble and the PUSCH carrying the uplink data GT) There is no clear standard description.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a random access method, base station, terminal, and channel structure, which can maintain a reasonable GT between the preamble and PUSCH in the message used for random access, and meet the requirements of random access for the terminal. Extend demand and improve the efficiency of the system.
  • the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a random access method, including:
  • the base station sends first signaling, where the first signaling includes length indication information of the guard time interval GT in the first message for random access;
  • the first message includes a preamble and a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH for carrying uplink data, and a GT located between the preamble and the PUSCH.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a random access method, including:
  • the terminal acquires length indication information of the guard time interval GT in the first message used for random access;
  • the first message includes a preamble and a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH for carrying uplink data, and a GT located between the preamble and the PUSCH.
  • a third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a base station, including:
  • the transceiver unit is configured to send first signaling, where the first signaling includes length indication information of the guard time interval GT in the first message for random access;
  • the first message includes a preamble and a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH for carrying uplink data, and a GT located between the preamble and the PUSCH.
  • a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a base station, which may include:
  • a processor a memory, and a bus.
  • the processor and the memory are connected by a bus.
  • the memory is used to store a set of program codes, and the processor is used to call the program codes stored in the memory to execute the embodiments of the present invention. Steps in the first aspect or any implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • a fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a computer storage medium, where the computer storage medium includes a set of program codes for executing the method described in any implementation manner of the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • a sixth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a terminal, which may include:
  • a transceiver unit configured to obtain length indication information of the guard time interval GT in the first message used for random access
  • the first message includes a preamble and a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH for carrying uplink data, and a GT located between the preamble and the PUSCH.
  • a seventh aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a terminal, which may include:
  • a processor a memory, and a bus.
  • the processor and the memory are connected by a bus.
  • the memory is used to store a set of program codes, and the processor is used to call the program codes stored in the memory to execute the embodiments of the present invention. Steps in the second aspect or any implementation of the second aspect.
  • An eighth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a computer storage medium, where the computer storage medium includes a set of program codes for executing the method described in any implementation manner of the second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the ninth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a channel structure for random access, including:
  • the length of the GT is less than or equal to a preset threshold.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system in the present embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a random access method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a channel structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another random access method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the composition of another channel structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the composition of another channel structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the composition of another channel structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a base station provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the composition of another base station provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the composition of another terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the UE After the cell search process, the UE has achieved downlink synchronization with the cell, so the terminal can receive downlink data. However, the terminal can perform uplink transmission only if it has achieved uplink synchronization with the cell.
  • the terminal establishes a connection with the cell and obtains uplink synchronization through a random access procedure (Random Access Procedure).
  • the main purposes of random access include: (1) Obtain uplink synchronization; (2) Assign a unique cell radio network temporary identifier (Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier, C-RNTI) for the terminal.
  • C-RNTI Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • the base station and the terminal can complete random access through msg1-msg4: msg1, the terminal sends a random access preamble; msg2, the base station sends a random access response message; msg3, the terminal sends msg3, the content of msg3 and the random access
  • msg3 is a radio resource control (Radio Resource Control, referred to as RRC) connection request during the initial access
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the content of msg3 is an RRC connection re-establishment request when the connection is reestablished
  • msg4 the base station sends conflict resolution news. So as to complete the random access process.
  • the two-step access method of msgA-msgB interaction can be used to replace the existing four-step access method that uses msg1-msg4 interaction.
  • the terminal sends msgA, and the base station responds with msgB.
  • msgA can also be called the first message of random access, which can include a preamble and an uplink data part, where the uplink data part can be used to carry the identification information of the terminal and the reason for the RRC request (basically equivalent to the content contained in the existing msg3 );
  • msgB can also be called the second message of random access, which can include conflict resolution information, timing advance (Timing Advance, TA) information, C-RNTI allocation information, etc. (basically equivalent to existing msg2 and msg4 contains information).
  • the embodiments of the present invention are described as 5G systems. Those skilled in the art should understand that the implementation in the embodiments of the present invention is also applicable to existing communication systems and future higher-level communications such as 6G and 7G. System, the embodiment of the present invention does not make any limitation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system in the embodiment of this aspect. It may include a base station and at least one terminal, and the terminal may also be referred to as User Equipment (UE).
  • UE User Equipment
  • the base station can be an evolved Node B (eNB for short), Node B (NB for short), Base Station Controller (BSC for short), and Base Transceiver Station (BTS for short). ), home base station (for example, Home evolved NodeB, or Home Node B, HNB for short), BaseBand Unit (BBU for short), etc. It can also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base station transceiver, a wireless base station, a wireless transceiver, a function of a transceiver, a base station subsystem (BSS) or some other appropriate terminology. It can determine the length of the GT and notify the terminal of the length of the GT.
  • eNB evolved Node B
  • BSC Base Station Controller
  • BBU Base Transceiver Station
  • BBU BaseBand Unit
  • terminals may include cellular phones, smart phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices , Video equipment, digital audio player (for example, MP3 player), camera, game console or any other similarly functional equipment.
  • Terminals can also be referred to by those skilled in the art as mobile stations, subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile Terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handheld device, user agent, mobile client, client or some other appropriate terminology. It can obtain the length of the GT, construct a first message based on the length of the GT and send it to the base station to realize fast random access.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a random access method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the base station determines the length of the GT in the first message used for random access.
  • the first message includes a preamble and a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH for carrying uplink data, and a GT located between the preamble and the PUSCH.
  • the length of the GT is less than or equal to a preset threshold.
  • the preset threshold may be determined based on the currently working communication system and/or the access delay requirement of the terminal. For example, when applied to the NR-U system, the terminal hopes to have a low access delay, and the access can be completed using a single LBT, then the preset threshold can be set to 16 microseconds.
  • the length of the GT is greater than or equal to the maximum round-trip delay of the cell.
  • the length of the GT may be greater than or equal to the maximum round-trip time (Round-Trip Time, RTT) determined based on the radius of the cell.
  • RTT Round-Trip Time
  • the size of the preset threshold can be flexibly set.
  • the base station determines the length of the GT, it can be determined by any of the following methods:
  • the PUSCH in msgA can use different subcarrier spacing (SCS), for example, low frequency FR1, PUSCH can use 15KHz, 30KHz SCS; high frequency FR2, PUSCH can use 120KHz, 240KHz SCS.
  • SCS subcarrier spacing
  • the channel structure for random access is determined.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a channel structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the channel structure includes:
  • the length of the GT is less than or equal to a preset threshold.
  • the preset threshold can be 16 microseconds or other values.
  • the length of the GT may also be greater than or equal to the maximum round-trip delay of the cell.
  • the preamble is located before the GT, and the GT is located before the PUSCH.
  • the preamble may include two parts: a cyclic prefix (Cyclic Prefix, CP for short) and a preamble sequence.
  • the preamble here is greater than the length of 3 PUSCH symbols and less than the length of 4 PUSCH symbols, and the PUSCH is equal to the length of 2 PUSCH symbols.
  • the GT here is the length of 4 PUSCH symbols minus the length of the preamble, and the GT is less than or equal to 16 microseconds.
  • S202 The base station sends first signaling.
  • the first signaling includes GT length indication information in the first message used for random access.
  • the base station After the base station determines the length of the GT, it can notify the terminal.
  • the first signaling may be a broadcast message or radio resource control RRC dedicated signaling.
  • the length indication information is used to indicate the length of the GT
  • the length indication information is used to indicate an index value of the length of the GT, and the index value is used to obtain the length of the GT from a preset length set of the GT.
  • the base station when it notifies the terminal of the length of the GT, it can notify the terminal of the specific length value, or it can pre-configure a candidate set of the length of the GT for the terminal, and then notify the terminal of an index value.
  • the terminal determines the candidate set according to the index value.
  • the specific GT value when the base station notifies the terminal of the length of the GT, it can notify the terminal of the specific length value, or it can pre-configure a candidate set of the length of the GT for the terminal, and then notify the terminal of an index value.
  • S203 The base station receives the first message sent by the terminal.
  • the length of the GT included in the first message is equal to the length of the GT indicated in the length indication information.
  • the initial gap (GAP) between the preamble and PUSCH is uncertain. There may be a situation where the GAP is greater than the preset threshold such as 16 microseconds. At this time, the terminal The initial gap can be filled so that the obtained gap after filling is the same as the length of the GT.
  • the first message sent at this time may also include a stuffing signal, and the stuffing signal is located between the preamble and the PUSCH.
  • the stuffing signal is a part of the preamble and/or the PUSCH. Or, it may be a random signal generated randomly.
  • the stuffing signal may be located after the preamble, and the gap between the stuffing signal and the PUSCH is equal to the length of the GT;
  • the stuffing signal may also be located before the PUSCH, and the gap between the stuffing signal and the preamble is equal to the length of the GT;
  • the filling signal includes a first filling signal and a second filling signal, the first filling signal is located after the preamble, the second filling signal is located before the PUSCH, and the first filling signal and the The gap between the second filling signals is equal to the length of the GT.
  • S204 The base station sends a second message to the terminal to complete random access of the terminal.
  • the second message here is the aforementioned msgB.
  • step S202 may exist independently and be executed, or may be executed in sequence with other steps, and the embodiment of the present invention does not make any limitation.
  • a reasonable guard time interval is maintained between the preamble in msgA and PUSCH, so as to meet the requirement of the terminal in the NR-U system to use LBT only once when sending msgA, so that GT can meet different requirements.
  • Deployment scenarios such as cell radius), PUSCH sub-carrier spacing and other requirements. Realizing the optimized configuration of GT improves the work efficiency and performance of the system, which is conducive to providing users with a better communication experience.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of another random access method according to an embodiment of the present invention. in this embodiment, the method includes the following steps:
  • S401 The terminal acquires GT length indication information in the first message used for random access.
  • the first message includes a preamble and a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH for carrying uplink data, and a GT located between the preamble and the PUSCH.
  • the length of the GT is less than or equal to a preset threshold.
  • the preset threshold can be 16 microseconds or other values.
  • the length of the GT is also greater than or equal to the maximum round-trip delay of the cell.
  • the terminal may obtain the length of the GT in any of the following ways:
  • the terminal receives the first signaling sent by the base station, and the first signaling includes the length indication information of the GT.
  • the length of the GT is a preset length
  • the terminal may select the preset length agreed in advance with the base station as the length of the GT.
  • the length of the GT is related to the current working frequency band of the terminal, the terminal may determine the length of the GT according to the current working frequency band, and the working frequency band has a corresponding relationship with the length of the GT.
  • the implementation method is basically similar to that of the base station, and the description on the base station side can be referred to, which will not be repeated here.
  • S402 The terminal sends a first message to the base station.
  • the length of the GT included in the first message is equal to the length of the GT indicated in the length indication information.
  • S403 The terminal receives a second message sent by the base station, and completes random access of the terminal.
  • step S402 may exist independently and be executed, or may be executed in sequence with other steps, and the embodiment of the present invention does not make any limitation.
  • This embodiment is a description on the terminal side. For specific details, refer to the description of the embodiment on the base station side shown in FIG. 2.
  • Steps S501 and S401 are the same, and S503-S504 are the same as steps S402-S403 in FIG. 4, and will not be repeated here.
  • Methods may also include:
  • S502 The terminal adds a stuffing signal in the initial gap between the preamble and the PUSCH.
  • steps S501-S502 may exist independently and be executed, or may be executed sequentially with other steps, and the embodiment of the present invention does not make any limitation.
  • the initial gap (GAP) between the preamble and PUSCH is uncertain, and there may be cases where the GAP is greater than 16 microseconds.
  • the initial gap between the preamble and the PUSCH is greater than the length of the GT.
  • the terminal can fill the initial gap so that the filled gap is the same as the length of the GT.
  • the padding signal is a part of the preamble and/or the PUSCH.
  • it may be a total of x sampling points in the preamble and/or PUSCH, and x is an integer greater than 1.
  • the x sampling points described here can be formed by using a total of x sampling points in the preamble, or by using a total of x sampling points in the PUSCH, or using a and sampling points in the preamble, and using b in the PUSCH A sampling point is formed, and the sum of a and b is equal to x.
  • the filling signal can maintain the same peak-to-average ratio characteristic as the preamble. This is beneficial for the terminal to maintain a stable power output when transmitting the preamble, and the entire msgA will not need to be transmitted at a lower power due to the excessive peak-to-average ratio of the filling signal, so that when the terminal coverage is limited (for example, when the terminal is located at the edge of a cell), It can be transmitted with a higher transmission power to ensure network connection performance.
  • the filling signal carries part of the sampling points of the preamble, and the base station can use the information of this part of the sampling points to further improve the detection performance of the preamble.
  • the stuffing signal can maintain the same peak-to-average ratio characteristic as the PUSCH. This helps the terminal maintain a stable power output when sending PUSCH in msgA, and will not cause the entire msgA to need to reduce power transmission due to the excessive peak-to-average ratio of the filling signal, so that when the terminal coverage is limited (for example, when the terminal is located at the edge of a cell) ), it can be transmitted with a higher transmission power to ensure network connection performance.
  • the fill signal carries part of the sampling points of the PUSCH, and the base station can use this part of the sampling point information to further improve the detection performance of the PSUCH.
  • the filling signal may also be a random signal generated randomly. This reduces the processing consumption of the terminal and improves the filling efficiency of the terminal.
  • a filling signal in the initial gap between the preamble and the PUSCH may include:
  • the terminal adds the stuffing signal after the preamble, and the gap between the stuffing signal and the PUSCH is equal to the length of the GT;
  • the terminal adds the stuffing signal before the PUSCH, and the gap between the stuffing signal and the preamble is equal to the length of the GT;
  • the filling signal includes a first filling signal and a second filling signal
  • the terminal adds the first filling signal after the preamble and adding a second filling signal before the PUSCH, and the first The gap between the stuffing signal and the second stuffing signal is equal to the length of the GT.
  • the preset threshold value is 16 microseconds for description below, and the preset threshold value may also be other other values, which does not constitute any limitation to the embodiment of the present invention here.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the composition of another channel structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the channel structure includes a preamble, a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH, and a guard time interval GT between the preamble and the physical uplink shared channel;
  • the preamble is located before the GT, and the GT is located before the PUSCH.
  • the preamble can include two parts: a cyclic prefix (CP) and a preamble sequence.
  • the preamble here is greater than the length of 3 PUSCH symbols and less than the length of 4 PUSCH symbols, and the PUSCH is equal to the length of 2 PUSCH symbols.
  • the GT here is the length of 4 PUSCH symbols minus the length of the preamble, and the initial gap GAP is greater than 16 microseconds. In order to meet the requirement that GT is less than or equal to 16 microseconds.
  • the first x sampling points of the preamble sequence can be copied and added to the position adjacent to the preamble sequence after the preamble sequence, that is, the slash part of the front end of the preamble sequence in Figure 6 is collected and copied to the position after the preamble sequence
  • the oblique line part, the oblique line part after the preamble sequence is the padding signal. After the padding, the GT meets the requirement of less than or equal to 16 microseconds.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the composition of yet another channel structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the channel structure includes a preamble, a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH, and a guard time interval GT between the preamble and the physical uplink shared channel;
  • the preamble is located before the GT, and the GT is located before the PUSCH.
  • the preamble can include two parts: a cyclic prefix (CP) and a preamble sequence.
  • the preamble here is greater than the length of 3 PUSCH symbols and less than the length of 4 PUSCH symbols, and the PUSCH is equal to the length of 2 PUSCH symbols.
  • the GT here is the length of 4 PUSCH symbols minus the length of the preamble, and the initial gap GAP is greater than 16 microseconds. In order to meet the requirement that GT is less than or equal to 16 microseconds.
  • the oblique line before PUSCH is It is a padding signal. After padding, the GT meets the requirement of less than or equal to 16 microseconds.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the composition of another channel structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the channel structure includes a preamble, a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH, and a guard time interval GT between the preamble and the physical uplink shared channel;
  • the preamble is located before the GT, and the GT is located before the PUSCH.
  • the preamble can include two parts: a cyclic prefix (CP) and a preamble sequence.
  • the preamble here is greater than the length of 3 PUSCH symbols and less than the length of 4 PUSCH symbols, and the PUSCH is equal to the length of 2 PUSCH symbols.
  • the GT here is the length of 4 PUSCH symbols minus the length of the preamble, and the initial gap GAP is greater than 16 microseconds. In order to meet the requirement that GT is less than or equal to 16 microseconds.
  • the first a sampling point of the preamble sequence can be copied and added to the position adjacent to the preamble sequence after the preamble sequence, that is, the diagonal part of the front end of the preamble sequence in Figure 8 is collected, and copied to the diagonal after the preamble sequence.
  • the line part, the oblique part after the preamble sequence is the padding signal of the first part.
  • the last b sampling points of the PUSCH can be copied and added to the position adjacent to the PUSCH before the PUSCH, that is, the acquisition in Figure 8
  • the oblique line at the end of the PUSCH is copied to the oblique line before the PUSCH, and the oblique line before the PUSCH is the second part of the padding signal. After two parts are filled, the GT meets the requirement of less than or equal to 16 microseconds.
  • a reasonable guard time interval is maintained between the preamble in msgA and the PUSCH, so as to meet the requirement that the terminal in the NR-U system only uses LBT once when sending msgA, so that GT can satisfy different Deployment scenarios (such as cell radius), PUSCH sub-carrier spacing and other requirements.
  • a reasonable filling signal by designing a reasonable filling signal, a reasonable GT size can be realized, while ensuring that the sending of the filling signal does not affect the transmission power of msgA, ensuring the coverage performance of the network.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the base station includes:
  • the transceiver unit 100 is configured to send first signaling, where the first signaling includes length indication information of the protection time interval GT in the first message for random access;
  • the first message includes a preamble and a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH for carrying uplink data, and a GT located between the preamble and the PUSCH.
  • the length of the GT is less than or equal to a preset threshold.
  • the preset threshold is 16 microseconds.
  • the length of the GT is greater than or equal to the maximum round-trip delay of the cell.
  • the base station further includes a processing unit 200 configured to determine the length of the GT according to the current working frequency band.
  • the processing unit 200 is configured to determine the length of the GT according to the length of the preamble and the symbol length of the PUSCH.
  • processing unit 200 is specifically configured to:
  • the length of the preamble is greater than the length of n PUSCH symbols and less than the length of (n+1) PUSCH symbols, the length of (n+1) PUSCH symbols minus the length of the preamble is used as the length of the GT.
  • the first signaling is a broadcast message or radio resource control RRC dedicated signaling.
  • the length indication information is used to indicate the length of the GT
  • the length indication information is used to indicate an index value of the length of the GT, and the index value is used to obtain the length of the GT from a preset length set of the GT.
  • the transceiver unit 100 is further configured to:
  • the first message further includes a stuffing signal, and the stuffing signal is located between the preamble and the PUSCH.
  • the stuffing signal is a part of the preamble and/or the PUSCH.
  • the filling signal is a random signal generated randomly.
  • the stuffing signal is located after the preamble, and the gap between the stuffing signal and the PUSCH is equal to the length of the GT;
  • the stuffing signal is located before the PUSCH, and the gap between the stuffing signal and the preamble is equal to the length of the GT;
  • the filling signal includes a first filling signal and a second filling signal, the first filling signal is located after the preamble, the second filling signal is located before the PUSCH, and the first filling signal and the The gap between the second filling signals is equal to the length of the GT.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the composition of another base station provided by an embodiment of this application; as shown in FIG. 10, the base station may include a processor 110, a memory 120, and a bus 130.
  • the processor 110 and the memory 120 are connected by a bus 130, the memory 120 is used to store instructions, and the processor 110 is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 120 to implement the steps in the method corresponding to FIG. 2 above.
  • the base station may also include an input port 140 and an output port 150.
  • the processor 110, the memory 120, the input port 140 and the output port 150 may be connected via a bus 130.
  • the processor 110 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 120 to control the output port 150 to send the first signaling to the terminal to notify the length of the terminal GT. Optionally, it can also control the input port 140 to receive the first message sent by the terminal. Complete the steps performed by the base station in the above method.
  • the input port 140 and the output port 150 may be the same or different physical entities. When they are the same physical entity, they can be collectively referred to as input and output ports.
  • the memory 120 may be integrated in the processor 110, or may be provided separately from the processor 110.
  • the functions of the input port 140 and the output port 150 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit or a dedicated chip for transceiver.
  • the processor 110 may be implemented by a dedicated processing chip, a processing circuit, a processor, or a general-purpose chip.
  • a general-purpose computer may be considered to implement the base station provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the program codes for realizing the functions of the processor 110, the input port 140 and the output port 150 are stored in the memory.
  • the general purpose processor implements the functions of the processor 110, the input port 140 and the output port 150 by executing the code in the memory.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terminal includes:
  • the transceiver unit 300 is configured to obtain length indication information of the guard time interval GT in the first message used for random access;
  • the first message includes a preamble and a physical uplink shared channel PUSCH for carrying uplink data, and a GT located between the preamble and the PUSCH.
  • the length of the GT is less than or equal to a preset threshold.
  • the preset threshold is 16 microseconds.
  • the length of the GT is greater than or equal to the maximum round-trip delay of the cell.
  • the transceiving unit 300 is configured to receive first signaling sent by a base station, where the first signaling includes length indication information of the GT.
  • the length indication information is used to indicate the length of the GT
  • the length indication information is used to indicate an index value of the length of the GT, and the index value is used to obtain the length of the GT from a preset length set of the GT.
  • the length of the GT is a preset length.
  • the length of the GT is related to the current working frequency band of the terminal.
  • the transceiver unit 300 is further configured to:
  • a first message is sent, and the length of the GT included in the first message is equal to the length of the GT indicated in the length indication information.
  • the terminal further includes a processing unit 400, and the processing unit 400 is configured to:
  • a stuffing signal is added in the initial gap between the preamble and the PUSCH.
  • the stuffing signal is a part of the preamble and/or the PUSCH.
  • the filling signal is a random signal generated randomly.
  • processing unit 400 is specifically configured to:
  • Adding the stuffing signal after the preamble, and the gap between the stuffing signal and the PUSCH is equal to the length of the GT;
  • adding the stuffing signal before the PUSCH, and the gap between the stuffing signal and the preamble is equal to the length of the GT;
  • the filling signal includes a first filling signal and a second filling signal, the first filling signal is added after the preamble, and a second filling signal is added before the PUSCH, the first filling signal and The gap between the second filling signals is equal to the length of the GT.
  • the base station may include a processor 210, a memory 220, and a bus 230.
  • the processor 210 and the memory 220 are connected by a bus 230.
  • the memory 220 is used to store instructions, and the processor 210 is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 220 to implement the steps in the method corresponding to FIGS. 4 to 5 above.
  • the terminal may also include an input port 240 and an output port 250.
  • the processor 210, the memory 220, the input port 240, and the output port 250 may be connected through the bus 230.
  • the processor 210 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 220 to control the output port 250 to send the first message to the base station. Optionally, it may also control the input port 240 to receive the first signaling and the second message sent by the base station to complete the above The steps performed by the terminal in the method.
  • the input port 240 and the output port 250 may be the same or different physical entities. When they are the same physical entity, they can be collectively referred to as input and output ports.
  • the memory 220 may be integrated in the processor 210, or may be provided separately from the processor 210.
  • the functions of the input port 240 and the output port 250 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit or a dedicated chip for transceiver.
  • the processor 210 may be implemented by a dedicated processing chip, a processing circuit, a processor, or a general-purpose chip.
  • a general-purpose computer may be considered to implement the terminal provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the program codes for realizing the functions of the processor 210, the input port 240 and the output port 250 are stored in the memory.
  • the general purpose processor implements the functions of the processor 210, the input port 240 and the output port 250 by executing the code in the memory.
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 12 only show a memory and a processor. In an actual controller, there may be multiple processors and memories.
  • the memory may also be referred to as a storage medium or a storage device, etc., which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the processor may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, referred to as "CPU"), and the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). ), ready-made programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • DSP digital signal processors
  • ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
  • FPGA ready-made programmable gate array
  • the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the memory may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provides instructions and data to the processor. A part of the memory may also include a non-volatile random access memory.
  • the bus may also include a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus. However, for clear description, various buses are marked as buses in the figure.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system, including a terminal and a base station.
  • a communication system including a terminal and a base station.
  • system and “network” in this article are often used interchangeably in this article.
  • the term “and/or” in this article is only an association relationship describing the associated objects, indicating that there can be three types of relationships, for example, A and/or B can mean: A alone exists, and both A and B exist. , There are three cases of B alone.
  • the character “/” in this text generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or” relationship.
  • B corresponding to A means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A.
  • determining B according to A does not mean that B is determined only according to A, and B can also be determined according to A and/or other information.
  • the size of the sequence number of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, rather than corresponding to the embodiments of the present application.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.
  • the disclosed system, device, and method may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components can be combined or It can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more available media.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk (SSD)).

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开一种随机接入的方法、基站、终端及信道结构，方法包括：基站发送第一信令，所述第一信令包含用于随机接入的第一消息中保护时间间隔GT的长度指示信息；所述第一消息包括前导码和用于承载上行数据的物理上行共享信道PUSCH，以及位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的GT。采用本发明实施例，可满足终端随机接入的时延需求，提升系统的工作效率。

Description

一种随机接入的方法、基站、终端及信道结构 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种随机接入的方法、基站、终端及信道结构。
背景技术
随机接入过程是指从用户发送随机接入前导码开始尝试接入网络到与网络间建立起基本的信令连接之前的过程。现有常规的随机接入通常采用终端与基站之间通过msg1-msg4的消息交互完成的四步接入法。
为了缩短随机接入过程的时延，目前正在考虑将现有的四步接入法压缩为两步接入法。终端发送msgA，以及基站响应msgB。msgA可以包含前导码以及上行数据部分，上行数据部分可通过物理上行共享信道(Physical uplink shared channel，简称PUSCH)承载，但是前导码和承载上行数据的PUSCH之间的保护时间间隔(guard time，简称GT)还没有明确的标准描述。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种随机接入的方法、基站、终端及信道结构，可使得用于随机接入的消息中的前导码和PUSCH之间保持合理的GT，满足终端随机接入的时延需求，提升系统的工作效率。
本发明实施例第一方面提供一种随机接入的方法，包括：
基站发送第一信令，所述第一信令包含用于随机接入的第一消息中保护时间间隔GT的长度指示信息；
所述第一消息包括前导码和用于承载上行数据的物理上行共享信道PUSCH，以及位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的GT。
本发明实施例第二方面提供一种随机接入的方法，包括：
终端获取用于随机接入的第一消息中保护时间间隔GT的长度指示信息；
所述第一消息包括前导码和用于承载上行数据的物理上行共享信道PUSCH，以及位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的GT。
本发明实施例第三方面提供一种基站，包括：
收发单元，用于发送第一信令，所述第一信令包含用于随机接入的第一消息中保护时间间隔GT的长度指示信息；
所述第一消息包括前导码和用于承载上行数据的物理上行共享信道PUSCH，以及位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的GT。
本发明实施例第四方面提供了一种基站，可包括：
处理器、存储器和总线，所述处理器和存储器通过总线连接，其中，所述存储器用于存储一组程序代码，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行本发明实施例第一方面或第一方面任一实现方式中的步骤。
本发明实施例第五方面提供了一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质包括一组程 序代码，用于执行如本发明实施例第一方面任一实现方式所述的方法。
本发明实施例第六方面提供了一种终端，可包括：
收发单元，用于获取用于随机接入的第一消息中保护时间间隔GT的长度指示信息；
所述第一消息包括前导码和用于承载上行数据的物理上行共享信道PUSCH，以及位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的GT。
本发明实施例第七方面提供了一种终端，可包括：
处理器、存储器和总线，所述处理器和存储器通过总线连接，其中，所述存储器用于存储一组程序代码，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行本发明实施例第二方面或第二方面任一实现方式中的步骤。
本发明实施例第八方面提供了一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质包括一组程序代码，用于执行如本发明实施例第二方面任一实现方式所述的方法。
本发明实施例第九方面提供了一种用于随机接入的信道结构，包括：
前导码、物理上行共享信道PUSCH以及位于所述前导码和所述物理上行共享信道之间的保护时间间隔GT；
所述GT的长度小于等于预设阈值。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发面实施例中通信系统的架构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种随机接入的方法的流程示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种信道结构的组成示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的另一种随机接入的方法的流程示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的又一种随机接入的方法的流程示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的另一种信道结构的组成示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的又一种信道结构的组成示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的又一种信道结构的组成示意图；
图9为本发明实施例提供的一种基站的组成示意图；
图10为本发明实施例提供的另一种基站的组成示意图；
图11为本发明实施例提供的一种终端的组成示意图；
图12为本发明实施例提供的另一种终端的组成示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或装置没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元， 或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或装置固有的其它步骤或单元。
随着人们通信需求的不断提高，通信技术正快速发展，在小区搜索过程之后，UE已经与小区取得了下行同步，因此终端能够接收下行数据。但终端只有与小区取得上行同步，才能进行上行传输。终端通过随机接入过程(Random Access Procedure)与小区建立连接并取得上行同步。随机接入的主要目的包括：(1)获得上行同步；(2)为终端分配一个唯一的小区无线网络临时标识(Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier，简称C-RNTI)。基站与终端之间可以通过msg1-msg4完成随机接入：msg1，终端发送随机接入前导码(preamble)；msg2，基站发送随机接入响应消息；msg3，终端发送msg3，msg3的内容与随机接入的几类触发事件对应，例如，初次接入时msg3的内容为无线资源控制(Radio Resource Control，简称RRC)连接请求，连接重建时msg3的内容为RRC连接重建请求；msg4，基站发送冲突解决消息。从而完成随机接入过程。
由于用户希望得到越来越低的随机接入时延，因此可以使用msgA-msgB交互的两步接入法替代现有的使用msg1-msg4交互的四步接入法。终端发送msgA，以及基站响应msgB。msgA也可以称为随机接入的第一消息，其可以包含前导码和上行数据部分，其中上行数据部分可用于承载终端的标识信息以及RRC请求的原因(基本等效于现有msg3包含的内容)；msgB也可以称为随机接入的第二消息，其中可以包含冲突解决信息以及定时提前量(Timing Advance,，简称TA)信息、C-RNTI的分配信息等，(基本等效于现有msg2和msg4包含的信息)。当这种两步接入法应用到工作于非授权频谱的新空口(NR in Unlicensed Spectrum，简称NR-U)系统时，由于NR-U这种在非授权频谱上工作的系统，多个设备之间，甚至与异系统(如WIFI)设备之间，需要通过信道抢占的方式共享非授权频谱，因此设备在发送信号之前需要先侦听信道，确定信道空闲之后才可以发送信号，这种机制称为先听后说(listen before talk，简称LBT)，为了提升系统的效率，需要减少终端随机接入时LBT的次数，但是在NR-U这类非授权频谱工作的系统时，由于在msgA中位于前导码(preamble)与PUSCH之间保护时间间隔(guard time，简称GT)长度不确定，导致终端无法实现快速的随机接入。因此需要提供一种可以令终端可以在这类系统中实现快速随机接入的方法。
为了便于说明，本发明实施例中以5G系统来进行描述，本领域技术人员应当理解，本发明实施例中的实施方式同样可适用于现有通信系统以及未来更高级别如6G、7G的通信系统，本发明实施例不作任何限定。
下面结合附图对本发明实施例的随机接入的方法及设备进行详细说明。
请参照图1，为本方面实施例中通信系统的架构示意图。其中可以包括基站和至少一个终端，终端也可称之为用户设备(User Equipment，UE)。
其中，基站可以是演进型节点B(evolved Node B，简称eNB)、节点B(Node B，简称NB)、基站控制器(Base Station Controller，简称BSC)、基站收发台(Base Transceiver Station,简称BTS)、家庭基站(例如，Home evolved NodeB，或Home Node B，简称HNB)、基带单元(BaseBand Unit，简称BBU)等。其也可以被本领域技术人员称之为基站收发机、无线基站、无线收发机、收发机功能、基站子系统(Base Station Sub system，简称BSS)或者一些其它适当的术语。其可以确定GT的长度，通知终端GT的长度。
其中，终端可以包括蜂窝电话、智能电话、会话启动协议(Session Initiation Protocol， 简称SIP)电话、膝上型计算机、个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant，简称PDA)、卫星无线电、全球定位系统、多媒体设备、视频设备、数字音频播放器(例如，MP3播放器)、照相机、游戏控制台或者其它任何相似功能的设备。终端也可以被本领域技术人员称为移动站、用户站、移动单元、用户单元、无线单元、远程单元、移动设备、无线设备、无线通信设备、远程设备、移动用户站、接入终端、移动终端、无线终端、远程终端、手持设备、用户代理、移动客户端、客户端或者一些其它适当的术语。其可以获取GT的长度，并基于GT的长度构造第一消息发送给基站，实现快速的随机接入。
请参照图2，为本发明实施例提供的一种随机接入的方法的流程示意图；在本实施例中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
S201，基站确定用于随机接入的第一消息中的GT的长度。
其中，所述第一消息包括前导码和用于承载上行数据的物理上行共享信道PUSCH，以及位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的GT。
可选地，所述GT的长度小于等于预设阈值。
该预设阈值可以基于当前工作的通信系统和/或终端的接入时延需求来确定。例如应用在NR-U系统时，终端希望接入时延较低，使用单次的LBT即可完成接入，则此时预设阈值可以设为16微秒。
当GT的长度小于等于16微秒时，基于非授权频谱的使用规则，当终端的两次发送之间的间隔小于16微秒时，第二次发送之前不需要执行LBT，因此可以显著的提升终端的接入效率。
可选地，所述GT的长度大于等于小区的最大往返时延。
由于位于小区范围的内终端可以有一个或多个，GT的长度可以大于等于基于小区半径确定的最大往返时延(Round-Trip Time，RTT)，所述最大往返时延可以用于表征位于小区边缘的终端与基站之间的往返时延。其可以由小区半径除以光速后再乘以2确定。如果小区半径为R米，则RTT＝2*R/c，其中c表示光速。基于此公式，如果小区半径为1.25千米，则RTT＝8.33微秒。
当应用在其他场景或系统下时，可以灵活的设置预设阈值的大小。
所述基站在确定GT的长度时，可以采用以下方式中的任意一种来确定：
1)采用预设长度作为GT长度。基站可以选择与终端预先约定的预设长度作为GT长度，例如预先约定GT＝16微秒或GT＝8微秒或GT等于0微秒。需要说明的是，当GT等于0微秒时，说明PUSCH中PUSCH符号的循环前缀的长度已经足够作为保护时间来使用，因此GT可以配置为0微秒。
2)基站根据当前的工作频段确定所述GT的长度，所述工作频段与所述GT的长度具备对应关系。例如低频段FR1工作的NR-U系统，GT＝16微秒；在高频段FR2工作的NR-U系统，GT＝8微秒。
3)基站根据所述前导码的长度和所述PUSCH的符号长度确定所述GT的长度。如果前导码长度大于n个PUSCH符号的长度且小于(n+1)个PUSCH符号的长度，且(n+1)个PUSCH符号的长度与前导码长度的差不大于16微秒，此时可以以(n+1)个PUSCH符号长度减去前导码的长度作为GT的长度。当不满足上述条件时，可以配置GT＝16us，或者其他约定的 长度。
这里需要说明的是，msgA中的PUSCH可以使用不同的子载波大小(subcarrier spacing,简称SCS),例如低频段FR1，PUSCH可以使用15KHz,30KHz的SCS；高频段FR2，PUSCH可以使用120KHz,240KHz的SCS。
当确定GT的长度之后，便确定了用于随机接入的信道结构。具体可参见图3，为本发明实施例提供的一种信道结构的组成示意图。如图3所示，该信道结构中包含：
前导码、物理上行共享信道PUSCH以及位于所述前导码和所述物理上行共享信道之间的保护时间间隔GT；
所述GT的长度小于等于预设阈值。
该预设阈值可以是16微秒或其他数值。
进一步的，所述GT的长度还可以大于等于小区的最大往返时延。
其中，从时间先后来看，前导码位于GT之前，GT位于PUSCH之前。且前导码可以包括循环前缀(Cyclic Prefix,简称CP)和前导(preamble)序列两部分。且此处的前导码大于3个PUSCH符号长度小于4个PUSCH符号长度，PUSCH等于2个PUSCH符号长度。此处的GT即为4个PUSCH符号长度减去前导码的长度，且GT小于等于16微秒。
S202，所述基站发送第一信令。
所述第一信令包含用于随机接入的第一消息中GT的长度指示信息。
当基站确定GT的长度之后，便可以通知终端。
可选地，所述第一信令可以是广播消息或无线资源控制RRC专用信令。
可选地，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度；
或者，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度的索引值，所述索引值用于从预设的GT的长度集合中获取所述GT的长度。
这样基站在通知终端GT的长度时，可以将具体的长度的数值通知终端，也可以为终端预配置一个GT的长度的候选集合，然后通知终端一个索引值，由终端根据索引值确定采用候选集合的具体的GT的值。
S203，所述基站接收终端发送的第一消息。
所述第一消息中包含的GT的长度等于所述长度指示信息中指示的所述GT的长度。
可选地，由于PUSCH需要进行符号对齐，这样就使得前导码和PUSCH之间的初始间隙(GAP)是不确定的，可能存在大于GAP大于预设阈值如16微秒的情况，此时，终端可以对初始间隙进行填充，使得填充后的得到间隙与GT的长度相同。
那么，此时发送的第一消息中，还可以包括填充信号，所述填充信号位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间。
可选地，所述填充信号为所述前导码和/或所述PUSCH中的一部分。或者，也可以是随机生成的随机信号。
所述填充信号可以位于所述前导码之后，所述填充信号与所述PUSCH之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
或者，所述填充信号也可以位于所述PUSCH之前，所述填充信号与所述前导码之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
或者，所述填充信号包括第一填充信号和第二填充信号，所述第一填充信号位于所述前导码之后，所述第二填充信号位于所述PUSCH之前，所述第一填充信号和所述第二填充信号之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度。
S204，所述基站向所述终端发送第二消息，完成所述终端的随机接入。
此处的第二消息即前述的msgB。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，步骤S202可以独立存在并执行，也可以与其他步骤依次执行，本发明实施例不作任何限定。
采用本实施例的方法，使得msgA中的preamble与PUSCH之间保持合理的保护时间间隔(GT)，从而即满足NR-U系统中终端发送msgA时仅使用一次LBT的需求，使得GT可以满足不同的部署场景(如小区半径大小)，PUSCH的子载波间隔等多方面需求。实现GT的优化配置，提升了系统的工作效率和性能，利于为用户提供更加良好的通信体验。
请参照图4，为本发明实施例提供的另一种随机接入的方法的流程示意图；在本实施例中，所述方法包括以下步骤：
S401，终端获取用于随机接入的第一消息中的GT的长度指示信息。
其中，所述第一消息包括前导码和用于承载上行数据的物理上行共享信道PUSCH，以及位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的GT。
可选地，所述GT的长度小于等于预设阈值。
该预设阈值可以为16微秒或其他数值。
可选地，所述GT的长度还大于等于小区的最大往返时延。
可选地，所述终端获取GT的长度，可以采用以下方式中的任意一种：
1)终端接收基站发送的第一信令，所述第一信令包含所述GT的长度指示信息。
2)所述GT的长度为预设的长度，终端可以选择与所述基站预先约定的预设长度作为所述GT的长度。
3)所述GT的长度与所述终端当前的工作频段相关，终端可以根据当前的工作频段确定所述GT的长度，所述工作频段与所述GT的长度具备对应关系。
当终端自身确定GT的长度时，实现方式与基站基本类似，可以参照基站侧的描述，此处不再赘述。
S402，所述终端向基站发送第一消息。
所述第一消息中包含的GT的长度等于所述长度指示信息中指示的所述GT的长度。
S403，所述终端接收所述基站发送的第二消息，完成所述终端的随机接入。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，步骤S402可以独立存在并执行，也可以与其他步骤依次执行，本发明实施例不作任何限定。
该实施例为终端侧的描述，具体细节可以参照图2所示的基站侧实施例的描述。
请参见图5，为本发明实施例提供的又一种随机接入的方法的流程示意图，步骤S501和S401相同，S503-S504和图4中步骤S402-S403相同，此处不再赘述，该方法还可包括：
S502,所述终端在所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的初始间隙中添加填充信号。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，步骤S501-S502可以独立存在并执行，也可以与其他步骤依次执行，本发明实施例不作任何限定。
由于前导码的长度不是固定不变的，而PUSCH需要进行符号对齐，这样就使得前导码和PUSCH之间的初始间隙(GAP)是不确定的，可能存在大于GAP大于16微秒的情况，若所述前导码与所述PUSCH之间的初始间隙大于所述GT的长度，则此时，终端可以对初始间隙进行填充，使得填充后的间隙与GT的长度相同。
可选地，所述填充(padding)信号为所述前导码和/或所述PUSCH中一部分。例如可以是前导码和/或PUSCH中的共x个采样点，x为大于1的整数。此处所述的x个采样点可以是采用前导码中共x个采样点形成，也可以是采用PUSCH中共x个采样点形成，还可以是采用前导码中a和采样点，并采用PUSCH中b个采样点形成，且a和b之和等于x。
当采用前导码中的x个采样点形成填充信号时，填充信号可以与前导码保持相同的峰均比特性。这样有利于终端在发送前导码时保持稳定的功率输出，不会因填充信号过大的峰均比导致整个msgA需要降低功率发送，使得在终端覆盖受限时(例如终端位于小区边缘时)，可以以较高的发射功率进行发射，保证网络连接性能。此外，填充信号携带部分的前导码的采样点，基站可以利用这部分采样点的信息，进而提升前导码的检测性能。
类似地，当采用PUSCH中的x个采样点形成填充信号时，填充信号可以与PUSCH保持相同的峰均比特性。这样有利于终端在发送msgA中的PUSCH时保持稳定的功率输出，不会因填充信号过大的峰均比导致整个msgA需要降低功率发送，使得在终端覆盖受限时(例如终端位于小区边缘时)，可以以较高的发射功率进行发射，保证网络连接性能。此外，填充信号携带部分的PUSCH的采样点，基站可以利用这部分采样点信息，进而提升PSUCH的检测性能。
当然，可选地，所述填充信号也可以为随机生成的随机信号。从而减少终端的处理消耗，提升终端的填充效率。
且所述终端在所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的初始间隙中添加填充信号，可以包括：
所述终端在所述前导码之后添加所述填充信号，所述填充信号与所述PUSCH之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
或者，所述终端在所述PUSCH之前添加所述填充信号，所述填充信号与所述前导码之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
或者，所述填充信号包括第一填充信号和第二填充信号，所述终端在所述前导码之后添加所述第一填充信号，以及在所述PUSCH之前添加第二填充信号，所述第一填充信号和所述第二填充信号之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度。
基于上述三种填充方式，可以得到不同的信道结构。为了描述方便，以下均已预设阈值为16微秒进行说明，预设阈值也可以是其他另外的数值，此处不对本发明实施例构成任何限定。
请参见图6，为本发明实施例提供的另一种信道结构的组成示意图。
所述信道结构包括前导码、物理上行共享信道PUSCH以及位于所述前导码和所述物理上行共享信道之间的保护时间间隔GT；
从时间先后来看，前导码位于GT之前，GT位于PUSCH之前。且前导码可以包括循环前缀(CP)和前导序列两部分。此处的前导码大于3个PUSCH符号长度小于4个PUSCH符 号长度，PUSCH等于2个PUSCH符号长度。此处的GT即为4个PUSCH符号长度减去前导码的长度，且初始间隙GAP大于16微秒。而为了满足GT小于等于16微秒的需求。可以复制前导码preamble序列的前x个采样点，并添加到前导preamble序列之后与前导preamble序列相邻的位置，即采集图6中前导preamble序列前端的斜线部分，复制到前导preamble序列之后的斜线部分，前导preamble序列之后的斜线部分即为填充(padding)信号，填充之后，使得GT满足小于等于16微秒的需求。
请参见图7，为本发明实施例提供的又一种信道结构的组成示意图。
所述信道结构包括前导码、物理上行共享信道PUSCH以及位于所述前导码和所述物理上行共享信道之间的保护时间间隔GT；
从时间先后来看，前导码位于GT之前，GT位于PUSCH之前。且前导码可以包括循环前缀(CP)和前导序列两部分。此处的前导码大于3个PUSCH符号长度小于4个PUSCH符号长度，PUSCH等于2个PUSCH符号长度。此处的GT即为4个PUSCH符号长度减去前导码的长度，且初始间隙GAP大于16微秒。而为了满足GT小于等于16微秒的需求。可以复制PUSCH的后x个采样点，并添加到PUSCH之前与PUSCH相邻的位置，即采集图7中PUSCH末端的斜线部分，复制到PUSCH之前的斜线部分，PUSCH之前的斜线部分即为填充(padding)信号，填充之后，使得GT满足小于等于16微秒的需求。
请参见图8，为本发明实施例提供的又一种信道结构的组成示意图。
所述信道结构包括前导码、物理上行共享信道PUSCH以及位于所述前导码和所述物理上行共享信道之间的保护时间间隔GT；
从时间先后来看，前导码位于GT之前，GT位于PUSCH之前。且前导码可以包括循环前缀(CP)和前导序列两部分。此处的前导码大于3个PUSCH符号长度小于4个PUSCH符号长度，PUSCH等于2个PUSCH符号长度。此处的GT即为4个PUSCH符号长度减去前导码的长度，且初始间隙GAP大于16微秒。而为了满足GT小于等于16微秒的需求。可以复制前导preamble序列的前a个采样点，并添加到前导preamble序列之后与前导preamble序列相邻的位置，即采集图8中前导preamble序列前端的斜线部分，复制到前导preamble序列之后的斜线部分，前导preamble序列之后的斜线部分即为第一部分的填充(padding)信号，另外可以复制PUSCH的后b个采样点，并添加到PUSCH之前与PUSCH相邻的位置，即采集图8中PUSCH末端的斜线部分，复制到PUSCH之前的斜线部分，PUSCH之前的斜线部分即为第二部分的填充(padding)信号。经过两部分填充之后，使得GT满足小于等于16微秒的需求。
采用本实施例的方式，使得msgA中的preamble与PUSCH之间保持合理的保护时间间隔(GT)，从而即满足NR-U系统中终端发送msgA时仅使用一次LBT的需求，使得GT可以满足不同的部署场景(如小区半径大小)，PUSCH的子载波间隔等多方面需求。此外，通过设计合理的填充信号，使得合理的GT大小得以实现，同时保证填充信号的发送不影响msgA的发射功率，保证了网络的覆盖性能。
请参照图9，为本发明实施例提供的一种基站的组成示意图；在本实施例中，所述基站包括：
收发单元100，用于发送第一信令，所述第一信令包含用于随机接入的第一消息中保 护时间间隔GT的长度指示信息；
所述第一消息包括前导码和用于承载上行数据的物理上行共享信道PUSCH，以及位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的GT。
可选地，所述GT的长度小于等于预设阈值。
可选地，所述预设阈值为16微秒。
可选地，所述GT的长度大于等于小区最大往返时延。
可选地，所述基站还包括处理单元200，所述处理单元200用于根据当前的工作频段确定所述GT的长度。
可选地，所述处理单元200用于根据所述前导码的长度和所述PUSCH的符号长度确定所述GT的长度。
可选地，所述处理单元200具体用于：
如果前导码长度大于n个PUSCH符号的长度且小于(n+1)个PUSCH符号的长度，以(n+1)个PUSCH符号长度减去所述前导码的长度作为所述GT的长度。
可选地，所述第一信令为广播消息或无线资源控制RRC专用信令。
可选地，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度；
或者，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度的索引值，所述索引值用于从预设的GT的长度集合中获取所述GT的长度。
可选地，所述收发单元100还用于：
接收所述终端发送的第一消息，所述第一消息中包含的GT的长度等于所述长度指示信息中指示的所述GT的长度。
可选地，所述第一消息还包括填充信号，所述填充信号位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间。
可选地，所述填充信号为所述前导码和/或所述PUSCH中的一部分。
可选地，所述填充信号为随机生成的随机信号。
可选地，所述填充信号位于所述前导码之后，所述填充信号与所述PUSCH之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
或者，所述填充信号位于所述PUSCH之前，所述填充信号与所述前导码之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
或者，所述填充信号包括第一填充信号和第二填充信号，所述第一填充信号位于所述前导码之后，所述第二填充信号位于所述PUSCH之前，所述第一填充信号和所述第二填充信号之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度。
该基站所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及其他步骤请参见前述方法实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述。
请参照图10，为本申请实施例提供的又一种基站的组成示意图；如图10所示，该基站可以包括处理器110、存储器120和总线130。处理器110和存储器120通过总线130连接，该存储器120用于存储指令，该处理器110用于执行该存储器120存储的指令，以实现如上图2对应的方法中的步骤。
进一步的，该基站还可以包括输入口140和输出口150。其中，处理器110、存储器 120、输入口140和输出口150可以通过总线130相连。
处理器110用于执行该存储器120存储的指令，以控制输出口150向终端发送第一信令，通知终端GT的长度，可选地，还可以控制输入口140接收终端发送的第一消息，完成上述方法中基站执行的步骤。其中，输入口140和输出口150可以为相同或者不同的物理实体。为相同的物理实体时，可以统称为输入输出口。所述存储器120可以集成在所述处理器110中，也可以与所述处理器110分开设置。
作为一种实现方式，输入口140和输出口150的功能可以考虑通过收发电路或者收发的专用芯片实现。处理器110可以考虑通过专用处理芯片、处理电路、处理器或者通用芯片实现。
作为另一种实现方式，可以考虑使用通用计算机的方式来实现本申请实施例提供的基站。即将实现处理器110，输入口140和输出口150功能的程序代码存储在存储器中，通用处理器通过执行存储器中的代码来实现处理器110，输入口140和输出口150的功能。
该基站所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及其他步骤请参见前述方法或其他实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述。
请参照图11，为本发明实施例提供的一种终端的组成示意图；在本实施例中，所述终端包括：
收发单元300，用于获取用于随机接入的第一消息中保护时间间隔GT的长度指示信息；
所述第一消息包括前导码和用于承载上行数据的物理上行共享信道PUSCH，以及位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的GT。
可选地，所述GT的长度小于等于预设阈值。
可选地，所述预设阈值为16微秒。
可选地，所述GT的长度大于等于小区的最大往返时延。
可选地，所述收发单元300用于接收基站发送的第一信令，所述第一信令包含所述GT的长度指示信息。
可选地，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度；
或者，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度的索引值，所述索引值用于从预设的GT的长度集合中获取所述GT的长度。
可选地，所述GT的长度为预设的长度。
可选地，所述GT的长度与所述终端当前的工作频段相关。
可选地，所述收发单元300还用于：
发送第一消息，所述第一消息中包含的GT的长度等于所述长度指示信息中指示的所述GT的长度。
可选地，所述终端还包括处理单元400，所述处理单元400用于：
在所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的初始间隙中添加填充信号。
可选地，所述填充信号为所述前导码和/或所述PUSCH中的一部分。
可选地，所述填充信号为随机生成的随机信号。
可选地，所述处理单元400具体用于：
在所述前导码之后添加所述填充信号，所述填充信号与所述PUSCH之间的间隙等于所 述GT的长度；
或者，在所述PUSCH之前添加所述填充信号，所述填充信号与所述前导码之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
或者，所述填充信号包括第一填充信号和第二填充信号，在所述前导码之后添加所述第一填充信号，以及在所述PUSCH之前添加第二填充信号，所述第一填充信号和所述第二填充信号之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度。
该终端所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及其他步骤请参见前述方法实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述。
请参照图12，为本申请实施例提供的又一种终端的组成示意图；如图12所示，该基站可以包括处理器210、存储器220和总线230。处理器210和存储器220通过总线230连接，该存储器220用于存储指令，该处理器210用于执行该存储器220存储的指令，以实现如上图4-图5对应的方法中的步骤。
进一步的，该终端还可以包括输入口240和输出口250。其中，处理器210、存储器220、输入口240和输出口250可以通过总线230相连。
处理器210用于执行该存储器220存储的指令，以控制输出口250向基站发送第一消息，可选地，还可以控制输入口240接收基站发送的第一信令和第二消息，完成上述方法中终端执行的步骤。其中，输入口240和输出口250可以为相同或者不同的物理实体。为相同的物理实体时，可以统称为输入输出口。所述存储器220可以集成在所述处理器210中，也可以与所述处理器210分开设置。
作为一种实现方式，输入口240和输出口250的功能可以考虑通过收发电路或者收发的专用芯片实现。处理器210可以考虑通过专用处理芯片、处理电路、处理器或者通用芯片实现。
作为另一种实现方式，可以考虑使用通用计算机的方式来实现本申请实施例提供的终端。即将实现处理器210，输入口240和输出口250功能的程序代码存储在存储器中，通用处理器通过执行存储器中的代码来实现处理器210，输入口240和输出口250的功能。
该终端所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及其他步骤请参见前述方法或其他实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述。
本领域技术人员可以理解，为了便于说明，图9和图12仅示出了一个存储器和处理器。在实际的控制器中，可以存在多个处理器和存储器。存储器也可以称为存储介质或者存储设备等，本申请实施例对此不做限制。在本申请实施例中，处理器可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，简称为“CPU”)，该处理器还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。该存储器可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器提供指令和数据。存储器的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。该总线除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图中将各种总线都标为总线。
根据本申请实施例提供的方法、基站和终端，本申请实施例还提供一种通信系统，包 括终端和基站，二者的关系和指令流程可以参见图1-图5实施例的描述和说明，此处不再赘述。
另外，本文中术语“系统”和“网络”在本文中常可互换使用。应理解，本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请所提供的实施例中，应理解，“与A相应的B”表示B与A相关联，根据A可以确定B。但还应理解，根据A确定B并不意味着仅仅根据A确定B，还可以根据A和/或其它信息确定B。
应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各种说明性逻辑块(illustrative logical block)和步骤(step)，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘Solid State Disk(SSD))等。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (65)

  1. 一种随机接入的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    基站发送第一信令，所述第一信令包含用于随机接入的第一消息中保护时间间隔GT的长度指示信息；
    所述第一消息包括前导码和用于承载上行数据的物理上行共享信道PUSCH，以及位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的GT。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述GT的长度小于等于预设阈值。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设阈值为16微秒。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述GT的长度大于等于小区的最大往返时延。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述基站根据当前的工作频段确定所述GT的长度。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述基站根据所述前导码的长度和所述PUSCH的符号长度确定所述GT的长度。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基站根据所述前导码的长度和所述PUSCH的符号长度确定所述GT的长度，包括：
    如果前导码长度大于n个PUSCH符号的长度且小于(n+1)个PUSCH符号的长度，所述基站以(n+1)个PUSCH符号的长度减去所述前导码的长度作为所述GT的长度。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信令为广播消息或无线资源控制RRC专用信令。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度；
    或者，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度的索引值，所述索引值用于从预设的GT的长度集合中获取所述GT的长度。
  10. 如权利要求1-9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述基站接收所述终端发送的第一消息，所述第一消息中包含的GT的长度等于所述长度指示信息中指示的所述GT的长度。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一消息还包括填充信号，所述填充信号位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述填充信号为所述前导码和/或所述PUSCH中的一部分。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述填充信号为随机生成的随机信号。
  14. 如权利要求11-13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述填充信号位于所述前导码之后，所述填充信号与所述PUSCH之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
    或者，所述填充信号位于所述PUSCH之前，所述填充信号与所述前导码之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
    或者，所述填充信号包括第一填充信号和第二填充信号，所述第一填充信号位于所述 前导码之后，所述第二填充信号位于所述PUSCH之前，所述第一填充信号和所述第二填充信号之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度。
  15. 一种随机接入的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端获取用于随机接入的第一消息中保护时间间隔GT的长度指示信息；
    所述第一消息包括前导码和用于承载上行数据的物理上行共享信道PUSCH，以及位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的GT。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述GT的长度小于等于预设阈值。
  17. 如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设阈值为16微秒。
  18. 如权利要求16或17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述GT的长度大于等于小区的最大往返时延。
  19. 如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端获取用于随机接入的第一消息中的保护时间间隔GT的长度指示信息，包括：
    所述终端接收基站发送的第一信令，所述第一信令包含所述GT的长度指示信息。
  20. 如权利要求15或19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度；
    或者，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度的索引值，所述索引值用于从预设的GT的长度集合中获取所述GT的长度。
  21. 如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述GT的长度为预设的长度。
  22. 如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述GT的长度与所述终端当前的工作频段相关。
  23. 如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端发送第一消息，所述第一消息中包含的GT的长度等于所述长度指示信息中指示的所述GT的长度。
  24. 如权利要求15-23任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端在所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的初始间隙中添加填充信号。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，所述填充信号为所述前导码和/或所述PUSCH中的一部分。
  26. 如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，所述填充信号为随机生成的随机信号。
  27. 如权利要求24-26任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端在所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的初始间隙中添加填充信号，包括：
    所述终端在所述前导码之后添加所述填充信号，所述填充信号与所述PUSCH之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
    或者，所述终端在所述PUSCH之前添加所述填充信号，所述填充信号与所述前导码之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
    或者，所述填充信号包括第一填充信号和第二填充信号，所述终端在所述前导码之后添加所述第一填充信号，以及在所述PUSCH之前添加第二填充信号，所述第一填充信号和所述第二填充信号之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度。
  28. 一种基站，其特征在于，包括：
    收发单元，用于发送第一信令，所述第一信令包含用于随机接入的第一消息中保护时间间隔GT的长度指示信息；
    所述第一消息包括前导码和用于承载上行数据的物理上行共享信道PUSCH，以及位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的GT。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的基站，其特征在于，所述GT的长度小于等于预设阈值。
  30. 如权利要求29所述的基站，其特征在于，所述预设阈值为16微秒。
  31. 如权利要求29或30所述的基站，其特征在于，所述GT的长度大于等于小区最大往返时延。
  32. 如权利要求28所述的基站，其特征在于，所述基站还包括处理单元，所述处理单元用于根据当前的工作频段确定所述GT的长度。
  33. 如权利要求29所述的基站，其特征在于，所述基站还包括处理单元，所述处理单元用于根据所述前导码的长度和所述PUSCH的符号长度确定所述GT的长度。
  34. 如权利要求33所述的基站，其特征在于，所述处理单元具体用于：
    如果前导码长度大于n个PUSCH符号的长度且小于(n+1)个PUSCH符号的长度，以(n+1)个PUSCH符号的长度减去所述前导码的长度作为所述GT的长度，n为大于1的整数。
  35. 如权利要求29所述的基站，其特征在于，所述第一信令为广播消息或无线资源控制RRC专用信令。
  36. 如权利要求29所述的基站，其特征在于，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度；
    或者，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度的索引值，所述索引值用于从预设的GT的长度集合中获取所述GT的长度。
  37. 如权利要求29-36任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于：
    接收所述终端发送的第一消息，所述第一消息中包含的GT的长度等于所述长度指示信息中指示的所述GT的长度。
  38. 如权利要求37所述的基站，其特征在于，所述第一消息还包括填充信号，所述填充信号位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间。
  39. 如权利要求38所述的基站，其特征在于，所述填充信号为所述前导码和/或所述PUSCH中的一部分。
  40. 如权利要求38所述的基站，其特征在于，所述填充信号为随机生成的随机信号。
  41. 如权利要求38-40任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，所述填充信号位于所述前导码之后，所述填充信号与所述PUSCH之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
    或者，所述填充信号位于所述PUSCH之前，所述填充信号与所述前导码之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
    或者，所述填充信号包括第一填充信号和第二填充信号，所述第一填充信号位于所述前导码之后，所述第二填充信号位于所述PUSCH之前，所述第一填充信号和所述第二填充信号之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度。
  42. 一种基站，其特征在于，包括：
    处理器、存储器和总线，所述处理器和存储器通过总线连接，其中，所述存储器用于 存储一组程序代码，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行如权利要求1-14任一项所述的步骤。
  43. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，包括：
    所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当其在计算机上运行时，实现如权利要求1-14任一项所述的方法。
  44. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括：
    收发单元，用于获取用于随机接入的第一消息中保护时间间隔GT的长度指示信息；
    所述第一消息包括前导码和用于承载上行数据的物理上行共享信道PUSCH，以及位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的GT。
  45. 如权利要求44所述的终端，其特征在于，所述GT的长度小于等于预设阈值。
  46. 如权利要求45所述的终端，其特征在于，所述预设阈值为16微秒。
  47. 如权利要求44或45所述的终端，其特征在于，所述GT的长度大于等于小区的最大往返时延。
  48. 如权利要求44所述的终端，其特征在于，所述所述收发单元用于接收基站发送的第一信令，所述第一信令包含所述GT的长度指示信息。
  49. 如权利要求44或48所述的终端，其特征在于，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度；
    或者，所述长度指示信息用于指示所述GT的长度的索引值，所述索引值用于从预设的GT的长度集合中获取所述GT的长度。
  50. 如权利要求44所述的终端，其特征在于，所述GT的长度为预设的长度。
  51. 如权利要求44所述的终端，其特征在于，所述GT的长度与所述终端当前的工作频段相关。
  52. 如权利要求44所述的终端，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于：
    发送第一消息，所述第一消息中包含的GT的长度等于所述长度指示信息中指示的所述GT的长度。
  53. 如权利要求44-52任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述终端还包括处理单元，所述处理单元用于：
    在所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的初始间隙中添加填充信号。
  54. 如权利要求53所述的终端，其特征在于，所述填充信号为所述前导码和/或所述PUSCH中的一部分。
  55. 如权利要求53所述的终端，其特征在于，所述填充信号为随机生成的随机信号。
  56. 如权利要求53-55任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述处理单元具体用于：
    在所述前导码之后添加所述填充信号，所述填充信号与所述PUSCH之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
    或者，在所述PUSCH之前添加所述填充信号，所述填充信号与所述前导码之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
    或者，所述填充信号包括第一填充信号和第二填充信号，在所述前导码之后添加所述第一填充信号，以及在所述PUSCH之前添加第二填充信号，所述第一填充信号和所述第二 填充信号之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度。
  57. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括：
    处理器、存储器和总线，所述处理器和存储器通过总线连接，其中，所述存储器用于存储一组程序代码，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行如权利要求15-27任一项所述的步骤。
  58. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，包括：
    所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当其在计算机上运行时，实现如权利要求15-27任一项所述的方法。
  59. 一种用于随机接入的信道结构，其特征在于，包括：
    前导码、物理上行共享信道PUSCH以及位于所述前导码和所述物理上行共享信道之间的保护时间间隔GT；
    所述GT的长度小于等于预设阈值。
  60. 如权利要求59所述的信道结构，其特征在于，所述预设阈值为16微秒。
  61. 如权利要求59或60所述的信道结构，其特征在于，所述GT的长度大于等于小区的最大往返时延。
  62. 如权利要求59所述的信道结构，其特征在于，所述信道结构还包括：
    位于所述前导码和所述PUSCH之间的填充信号。
  63. 如权利要求62所述的信道结构，其特征在于，所述填充信号为所述前导码和/或所述PUSCH中的一部分。
  64. 如权利要求62所述的信道结构，其特征在于，所述填充信号为随机生成的随机信号。
  65. 如权利要求62-64任一项所述的信道结构，其特征在于，所述填充信号位于所述前导码之后，所述填充信号与所述PUSCH之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
    或者，所述填充信号位于所述PUSCH之前，所述填充信号与所述前导码之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度；
    或者，所述填充信号包括第一填充信号和第二填充信号，所述第一填充信号位于所述前导码之后，所述第二填充信号位于所述PUSCH之前，所述第一填充信号和所述第二填充信号之间的间隙等于所述GT的长度。
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