WO2020194628A1 - 耐摩耗部材 - Google Patents

耐摩耗部材 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020194628A1
WO2020194628A1 PCT/JP2019/013457 JP2019013457W WO2020194628A1 WO 2020194628 A1 WO2020194628 A1 WO 2020194628A1 JP 2019013457 W JP2019013457 W JP 2019013457W WO 2020194628 A1 WO2020194628 A1 WO 2020194628A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wear
resistant member
hard
hard particles
particle size
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2019/013457
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
裕一 田島
好正 近藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NGK Insulators Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Insulators Ltd filed Critical NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority to DE112019007092.4T priority Critical patent/DE112019007092T5/de
Priority to PCT/JP2019/013457 priority patent/WO2020194628A1/ja
Priority to JP2021508570A priority patent/JP7122459B2/ja
Priority to CN201980092975.2A priority patent/CN113490757A/zh
Publication of WO2020194628A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020194628A1/ja
Priority to US17/445,971 priority patent/US12638050B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
    • B21B27/02—Shape or construction of rolls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
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    • C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
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    • C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
    • C22C27/025—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum alloys based on vanadium
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
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    • C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
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    • C22C27/06—Alloys based on chromium
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    • C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
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    • C22C32/0031—Matrix based on refractory metals, W, Mo, Nb, Hf, Ta, Zr, Ti, V or alloys thereof
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
    • F16C2202/02—Mechanical properties
    • F16C2202/04—Hardness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/52—Alloys based on nickel, e.g. Inconel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/40—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
    • F16C2206/42—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal based on ceramic oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/40—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
    • F16C2206/56—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal based on ceramic carbides, e.g. silicon carbide (SiC)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
    • F16C2206/40—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
    • F16C2206/58—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal based on ceramic nitrides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/80—Coating surfaces by powder coating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/48—Particle sizes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/94—Volume
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/05—Vehicle suspensions, e.g. bearings, pivots or connecting rods used therein
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/22—Internal combustion engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an abrasion resistant member.
  • Patent Document 1 the abrasion resistance of the composite roll for rolling is improved by providing a homogeneous outer layer of MC-type carbide by centrifugal casting on the composite roll for rolling used in a hot strip mill for hot rolling. The technology to make it is proposed.
  • Patent Document 2 describes a composition for a sliding member in which a solid lubricant and an abrasion resistant agent are dispersed in a polyamide-imide resin at a portion where the engine piston is slid under oil lubrication, such as a skirt portion.
  • a technique for forming a lubricating film having excellent wear resistance by using an object has been proposed.
  • Patent Document 3 proposes a technique for improving the wear resistance of an automobile suspension member by forming a lithium / iron composite oxide layer on the outermost surface. Further, it is known that sintered hard materials such as cemented carbide, cermet, and ceramics also have good wear resistance.
  • wear-resistant members have been used in various places, and the wear-resistant members often come into contact with each other. Since the wear resistance of the wear-resistant member changes not only depending on the property of the wear-resistant member itself but also on the property of the material of the contacting partner (counterpart material), when the wear-resistant members come into contact with each other, the wear-resistant member has resistance. Sufficient wear resistance may not be obtained.
  • the outer layer described in Patent Document 1, the lubricating film described in Patent Document 2, and the lithium-iron composite oxide layer described in Patent Document 3 all have good wear resistance to a mating material of a specific material. However, when a sintered hard material such as cemented carbide, cermet, or ceramic is used as a mating material, there is a problem that wear resistance is not sufficient.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wear-resistant member that is hard to wear when sliding with various hard members.
  • the present inventors have excellent wear resistance to various hard members in an alloy in which hard particles having a specific average particle size are bonded by a joint.
  • the present invention has been completed.
  • the present invention is an wear-resistant member that is in sliding contact with a hard member and is formed of an alloy in which hard particles having an average particle size of 10 to 150 ⁇ m are bonded by a joint portion.
  • the wear-resistant member according to the embodiment of the present invention is formed of an alloy in which hard particles having an average particle size of 10 to 150 ⁇ m are bonded by a bonding portion.
  • the average particle size of the hard particles is preferably 12 to 140 ⁇ m, more preferably 14 to 120 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle size of the hard particles in the wear-resistant member is the average value of the horizontal feret diameter and the vertical feret diameter in the cross-sectional image obtained by image analysis of the cross section of the wear-resistant member. means. Specifically, the feret diameter in the horizontal direction and the feret diameter in the vertical direction are measured for at least 100 or more hard particles in the cross-sectional image. Then, the average value of both feret diameters of the hard particles is added up and divided by the number of measured particles to obtain the average particle size of the hard particles.
  • Image analysis of the cross section of the wear-resistant member can be performed using an optical microscope, a SEM (scanning electron microscope), an energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), or the like.
  • the type of alloy is not particularly limited, but is preferably a cemented carbide.
  • the hard particles are not particularly limited, and those generally used for alloys can be used. Examples of hard particles include particles such as carbides of W, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr and Mo, nitrides, silicified wood, and oxides. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, among these, the hard particles are preferably WC from the viewpoint of abrasion resistance.
  • the joint portion is not particularly limited, but preferably contains one or more selected from Ni and Co. By using such a joint portion, the impact from the mating material can be alleviated by the elasticity of the joint portion.
  • the volume ratio of the joint portion to the hard particles in the wear-resistant member is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30:70 to 80:20, more preferably 40:60 to 60:40.
  • the volume ratio is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30:70 to 80:20, more preferably 40:60 to 60:40.
  • the volume ratio of the joint portion and the hard particles in the wear-resistant member is an image analysis of the cross section of the wear-resistant member, and the area ratio of the joint portion and the hard particles is determined by the joint portion and the hard particles.
  • Image analysis of the cross section of the wear-resistant member can be performed using an optical microscope, a SEM (scanning electron microscope), an energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), or the like.
  • the hard member (counterpart material) that is in sliding contact with the wear-resistant member is not particularly limited, and a material known in the art can be used.
  • a hard member means a member formed from a hard material. Examples of the hard material forming the hard member include cemented carbides such as HW, HF, HT, and HC specified in JIS B4053: 2013.
  • HW is composed of a hard phase and a bonded phase
  • the main component of the hard phase is WC
  • the average particle size of the hard particles contained in the hard phase is 1 ⁇ m or more.
  • the HF is composed of a hard phase and a bonded phase
  • the main component of the hard phase is WC
  • the average particle size of the hard particles contained in the hard phase is less than 1 ⁇ m (generally, ultrafine cemented carbide). Called an alloy).
  • HT is composed of a hard phase and a bonded phase, and the main component of the hard particles contained in the hard phase is titanium, tantalum or niobium carbide, carbonitride, or nitride, which has a small amount of WC. (Generally called cermet).
  • HC refers to one or more layers of carbide, carbonitride, nitride, oxide, diamond, diamond-like carbon, etc. chemically or physically coated on the surface of the above cemented carbide (generally). , Called coated cemented carbide).
  • An Fe group metal Fe, Co, Ni
  • the average particle size of the hard particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 8 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 3 ⁇ m or less. Cemented carbide tends to be harder as the average particle size of the hard particles is smaller. Therefore, by controlling the average particle size of the hard particles of the mating material within the above range, the hardness difference between the mating material and the wear-resistant member becomes large, and the wear-resistant member is less likely to wear.
  • the average particle size of the hard particles contained in the cemented carbide of the mating material can be obtained by the same method as the average particle size of the hard particles in the wear-resistant member.
  • the volume ratio of the bonded phase in the cemented carbide used as the mating material is not particularly limited, but is preferably less than 35% by volume, more preferably 30% by volume or less, still more preferably 25% by volume or less.
  • the volume ratio of the hard phase in the mating material is preferably 65% by volume or more, more preferably 70% by volume or more, and further preferably 75% by volume or more.
  • the Rockwell hardness (HRA) of the mating material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 80 or more, more preferably 83 or more, and further preferably 85 or more from the viewpoint of ensuring the hardness as a hard member.
  • the wear-resistant member according to the embodiment of the present invention can be manufactured according to a conventional powder metallurgy method. Specifically, a raw material powder of hard particles having an average particle size of 10 to 150 ⁇ m, a metal powder that provides a bonding portion, and a binder are mixed to obtain a paste-like molding material, and then this molding material is used. It may be molded into a shape and sintered. A solvent may be added to the molding material if necessary.
  • the ratio of each powder, sintering conditions, and the like are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately set according to the type of powder to be used.
  • the average particle size of the hard particles of the raw material powder means a particle size (D50) of 50% of the integrated value in the particle size distribution obtained by the laser diffraction / scattering method. There is not much difference between the average particle diameters obtained for each of the feret diameter and D50.
  • Example 1 Raw material powder of WC particles with an average particle size of 110 ⁇ m (WC-S manufactured by Nippon Shinkinzoku Co., Ltd.), 28 g of Ni powder (FP-606 manufactured by Fukuda Metal Foil Powder Industry Co., Ltd.), and binder (manufactured by Toa Synthetic Co., Ltd.) 5 g of Aaron (registered trademark) was mixed in a beaker to obtain a paste-like molding material. Next, this molding material was poured into a container made of SUS (internal dimensions: 15 cm ⁇ 15 cm ⁇ 15 cm) and then fired in a vacuum furnace at a temperature of 890 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a wear-resistant member.
  • SUS internal dimensions: 15 cm ⁇ 15 cm ⁇ 15 cm
  • Example 2 Raw material powder of WC particles with an average particle size of 16 ⁇ m (WC-S manufactured by Nippon Shinkinzoku Co., Ltd.), 34 g of Ni powder (FP-606 manufactured by Fukuda Metal Foil Powder Industry Co., Ltd.), and binder (manufactured by Toa Synthetic Co., Ltd.) A wear-resistant member was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 5 g of Aaron (registered trademark) was mixed in a beaker to obtain a molding material.
  • Aaron registered trademark
  • Comparative Example 1 A commercially available cemented carbide (D40 manufactured by Fuji Die Co., Ltd.) was prepared as an abrasion-resistant member.
  • the average particle size, volume ratio and Rockwell hardness of this cemented carbide were measured by the above-mentioned methods.
  • columnar pins were collected from the cemented carbide used as the mating material.
  • the pin had a diameter of 6.35 mm and a length of 31.75 mm.
  • V blocks were collected from the wear-resistant members obtained in the above Examples and Comparative Examples.
  • the V block was a test piece having a diameter of 12.83 mm, a length of 10.16 mm, a V-groove angle of 96 °, and a groove width of 6.35 mm. Then, the above pin and V block were installed in a high-speed Farex type friction tester.
  • the wear-resistant members of Examples 1 and 2 had a smaller amount of wear than the wear-resistant members of Comparative Example 1.
  • the wear-resistant member according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used as a member that slides or comes into contact with various members.
  • the wear-resistant member according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used for a member that is in sliding contact with various hard members, for example, a rolling roll, an engine piston, a bearing housing, an automobile suspension member, and the like.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

硬質部材と摺接する耐摩耗部材であって、平均粒径が１０～１５０μｍの硬質粒子が結合部によって結合された合金から形成されている耐摩耗部材である。

Description

耐摩耗部材
　本発明は、耐摩耗部材に関する。
　耐摩耗部材は、様々な機械、部品、工具などの摩耗箇所に用いられている。
　例えば、特許文献１には、熱間圧延のホットストリップミルに用いられる圧延用複合ロールに、遠心力鋳造によってＭＣ型炭化物の均質な外層を設けることにより、圧延用複合ロールの耐摩耗性を向上させる技術が提案されている。
　また、特許文献２には、エンジンのピストンにおけるスカート部などのように油中潤滑下で摺動される箇所に、ポリアミドイミド樹脂に固体潤滑剤及び耐摩耗剤を分散させた摺動部材用組成物を用いて耐摩耗性に優れた潤滑膜を形成する技術が提案されている。
　また、特許文献３には、最表面にリチウム・鉄複合酸化物層を形成することにより、自動車用足回り部材の耐摩耗性を向上させる技術が提案されている。
　さらに、超硬合金、サーメット、セラミックスなどの焼結硬質材料も耐摩耗性が良好であることが知られている。
特許第６３１３８４４号公報 特開２００２－５３８８３号公報 特開２００５－１２６７５２号公報
　近年、様々な箇所に耐摩耗部材が用いられており、耐摩耗部材同士が接触することも多くなっている。耐摩耗部材の耐摩耗性は、耐摩耗部材それ自体の性質だけでなく、接触する相手（相手材）の材料の性質によっても変化するため、耐摩耗部材同士が接触すると、耐摩耗部材の耐摩耗性が十分に得られないことがある。
　例えば、特許文献１に記載の外層、特許文献２に記載の潤滑膜及び特許文献３に記載のリチウム・鉄複合酸化物層はいずれも、特定の材質の相手材に対する耐摩耗性は良好であるものの、超硬合金、サーメット、セラミックスなどの焼結硬質材料が相手材である場合に、耐摩耗性が十分でないという課題がある。
　本発明は、上記のような課題を解決するためになされたものであり、様々な硬質部材と摺接する際に摩耗し難い耐摩耗部材を提供することを目的とする。
　本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を行った結果、特定の平均粒径を有する硬質粒子が結合部によって結合された合金が、様々な硬質部材に対する耐摩耗性に優れることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
　すなわち、本発明は、硬質部材と摺接する耐摩耗部材であって、平均粒径が１０～１５０μｍの硬質粒子が結合部によって結合された合金から形成されている耐摩耗部材である。
　本発明によれば、様々な硬質部材と摺接する際に摩耗し難い耐摩耗部材を提供することができる。
　以下、本発明の実施形態について具体的に説明する。本発明は以下の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、当業者の通常の知識に基づいて、以下の実施形態に対し変更、改良などが適宜加えられたものも本発明の範囲に入ることが理解されるべきである。
　本発明の一実施形態に係る耐摩耗部材は、平均粒径が１０～１５０μｍの硬質粒子が結合部によって結合された合金から形成されている。
　硬質粒子の平均粒径を１０μｍ以上とすることにより、耐摩耗部材と摺接する硬質部材（相手材）に対する耐摩耗性を確保することができる。また、硬質粒子の平均粒径を１５０μｍ以下とすることにより、耐摩耗部材の表面が粗くなりすぎることを抑制することができるため、相手材と摺接する用途で耐摩耗部材を用いることができる。硬質粒子の平均粒径は、好ましくは１２～１４０μｍ、より好ましくは１４～１２０μｍである。
　ここで、本明細書において、耐摩耗部材における硬質粒子の平均粒径とは、耐摩耗部材の断面を画像解析し、断面画像中の水平方向のｆｅｒｅｔ径と垂直方向のｆｅｒｅｔ径の平均値を意味する。具体的には、断面画像中の少なくとも１００個以上の硬質粒子について水平方向のｆｅｒｅｔ径と垂直方向のｆｅｒｅｔ径を測定する。そして、硬質粒子の両ｆｅｒｅｔ径の平均値を合算して、測定粒子数で除したものを硬質粒子の平均粒径とする。なお、耐摩耗部材の断面の画像解析は、光学顕微鏡、ＳＥＭ（走査型電子顕微鏡）、エネルギー分散型Ｘ線（ＥＤＳ）などを用いて行うことができる。
　合金の種類としては、特に限定されないが、超硬合金であることが好ましい。
　硬質粒子としては、特に限定されず、合金に一般に用いられるものを使用することができる。硬質粒子の例としては、Ｗ、Ｔｉ、Ｚｒ、Ｈｆ、Ｖ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｃｒ及びＭｏの炭化物、窒化物、珪化物、並びに酸化物などの粒子が挙げられる。これらは単独又は２種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。また、これらの中でも硬質粒子は、耐摩耗性の観点からＷＣであることが好ましい。
　結合部は、特に限定されないが、Ｎｉ及びＣｏから選択される１種以上を含むことが好ましい。このような結合部を用いることにより、結合部の弾性によって相手材からの衝撃を緩和することができる。
　耐摩耗部材における結合部と硬質粒子との体積比は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは３０：７０～８０：２０、より好ましくは４０：６０～６０：４０である。このような体積比とすることにより、硬質粒子と結合部との間の密着力を高めることができるため、相手材との間でアグレッシブ摩耗があった場合でも、耐摩耗部材から硬質粒子が脱落し難くなる。したがって、結合部の弾性による衝撃緩和に加えて、硬質粒子による耐摩耗性の効果をより一層向上させることができる。
　ここで、本明細書において、耐摩耗部材における結合部と硬質粒子との体積比とは、耐摩耗部材の断面を画像解析し、結合部と硬質粒子との面積比を、結合部と硬質粒子との体積比とする。なお、耐摩耗部材の断面の画像解析は、光学顕微鏡、ＳＥＭ（走査型電子顕微鏡）、エネルギー分散型Ｘ線（ＥＤＳ）などを用いて行うことができる。
　耐摩耗部材と摺接する硬質部材（相手材）としては、特に限定されず、当該技術分野において公知のものを用いることができる。なお、本明細書において硬質部材とは、硬質材料から形成される部材のことを意味する。
　硬質部材を形成する硬質材料の例としては、ＪＩＳ　Ｂ４０５３：２０１３に規定されるＨＷ、ＨＦ、ＨＴ、ＨＣなどの超硬合金が挙げられる。
　ここで、ＨＷとは、硬質相及び結合相からなり、硬質相の主成分がＷＣであり、硬質相に含まれる硬質粒子の平均粒径が１μｍ以上であるものをいう。また、ＨＦとは、硬質相及び結合相からなり、硬質相の主成分がＷＣであり、硬質相に含まれる硬質粒子の平均粒径が１μｍ未満であるものをいう（一般に、超微粒超硬合金と称される）。また、ＨＴとは、硬質相及び結合相からなり、硬質相に含まれる硬質粒子の主成分がチタン、タンタル又はニオブの炭化物、炭窒化物、窒化物であって、ＷＣの成分が少ないものをいう（一般に、サーメットと称される）。また、ＨＣとは、上記の超硬合金の表面に炭化物、炭窒化物、窒化物、酸化物、ダイヤモンド、ダイヤモンドライクカーボンなどを１層以上化学的又は物理的に被覆させたものをいう（一般に、被覆超硬合金と称される）。なお、結合相には、Ｆｅ族の金属（Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ）を用いることができる。
　具体的には、相手材に用いられる超硬合金としては、ＨＷ－Ｐ０１、ＨＷ－Ｐ１０、ＨＷ－Ｐ２０、ＨＷ－Ｐ３０、ＨＷ－Ｐ４０、ＨＷ－Ｐ５０、ＨＷ－Ｍ１０、ＨＷ－Ｍ２０、ＨＷ－Ｍ３０、ＨＷ－Ｍ４０、ＨＷ－Ｋ０１、ＨＷ－Ｋ１０、ＨＷ－Ｋ２０、ＨＷ－Ｋ３０、ＨＷ－Ｋ４０、ＨＴ－Ｐ０１、ＨＴ－Ｐ１０、ＨＴ－Ｐ２０、ＨＴ－Ｐ３０、ＨＴ－Ｐ４０、ＨＴ－Ｐ５０、ＨＴ－Ｍ１０、ＨＴ－Ｍ２０、ＨＴ－Ｍ３０、ＨＴ－Ｍ４０、ＨＴ－Ｋ０１、ＨＴ－Ｋ１０、ＨＴ－Ｋ２０、ＨＴ－Ｋ３０、ＨＴ－Ｋ４０、ＨＦ－Ｐ０１、ＨＦ－Ｐ１０、ＨＦ－Ｐ２０、ＨＦ－Ｐ３０、ＨＦ－Ｐ４０、ＨＦ－Ｐ５０、ＨＦ－Ｍ１０、ＨＦ－Ｍ２０、ＨＦ－Ｍ３０、ＨＦ－Ｍ４０、ＨＦ－Ｋ０１、ＨＦ－Ｋ１０、ＨＦ－Ｋ２０、ＨＦ－Ｋ３０、ＨＦ－Ｋ４０、ＨＣ－Ｐ０１、ＨＣ－Ｐ１０、ＨＣ－Ｐ２０、ＨＣ－Ｐ３０、ＨＣ－Ｐ４０、ＨＣ－Ｐ５０、ＨＣ－Ｍ１０、ＨＣ－Ｍ２０、ＨＣ－Ｍ３０、ＨＣ－Ｍ４０、ＨＣ－Ｋ０１、ＨＣ－Ｋ１０、ＨＣ－Ｋ２０、ＨＣ－Ｋ３０、ＨＣ－Ｋ４０などを用いることができる。
　相手材に超硬合金を用いる場合、硬質粒子の平均粒径は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは８μｍ以下、より好ましくは５μｍ以下、さらに好ましくは３μｍ以下である。超硬合金は、硬質粒子の平均粒径が小さいほど、硬くなる傾向にある。そのため、相手材の硬質粒子の平均粒径を上記の範囲に制御することにより、相手材と耐摩耗部材との硬度差が大きくなり、耐摩耗部材が摩耗し難くなる。
　なお、相手材の超硬合金に含有される硬質粒子の平均粒径は、耐摩耗部材における硬質粒子の平均粒径と同様の方法で求めることができる。
　相手材に用いられる超硬合金における結合相の体積割合は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは３５体積％未満、より好ましくは３０体積％以下、さらに好ましくは２５体積％以下である。また、相手材における硬質相の体積割合は、好ましくは６５体積％以上、より好ましくは７０体積％以上、さらに好ましくは７５体積％以上である。結合相の体積割合を３５体積％未満、及び硬質粒子の体積割合を６５体積％以上とすることにより、耐摩耗部材と相手材との硬度差が大きくなり、耐摩耗部材が摩耗し難くなる。
　なお、相手材の超硬合金における結合相及び硬質相の体積割合は、耐摩耗部材における結合相と硬質粒子との体積比と同様の方法で求めることができる。
　相手材のロックウェル硬さ（ＨＲＡ）としては、特に限定されないが、硬質部材としての硬さを確保する観点から、好ましくは８０以上、より好ましくは８３以上、さらに好ましくは８５以上である。
　本発明の一実施形態に係る耐摩耗部材は、従来の粉末冶金法に準じて製造することができる。具体的には、平均粒径が１０～１５０μｍの硬質粒子の原料粉末と、結合部を与える金属粉末と、バインダとを混合してペースト状の成形材料を得た後、この成形材料を所定の形状に成形して焼結させればよい。成形材料には、必要に応じて溶媒を添加してもよい。また、各粉末の割合や焼結条件などについては、特に限定されず、使用する粉末の種類に応じて適宜設定すればよい。
　なお、原料粉末の硬質粒子の平均粒径は、レーザー回折・散乱法によって求めた粒度分布における積算値５０％の粒径（Ｄ５０）を意味する。ｆｅｒｅｔ径とＤ５０の各々で求めた平均粒径には、さほど大きな差はない。
　以下、本発明を実施例によって更に具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。
　（実施例１）
　平均粒径が１１０μｍのＷＣ粒子の原料粉末（日本新金属株式会社製ＷＣ－Ｓ）６０ｇと、Ｎｉ粉末（福田金属箔粉工業株式会社製ＦＰ－６０６）２８ｇと、バインダ（東亜合成株式会社製アロン（登録商標））５ｇとをビーカー内で混合してペースト状の成形材料を得た。次に、この成形材料をＳＵＳ製の容器（内寸が１５ｃｍ×１５ｃｍ×１５ｃｍ）に流し込んだ後、真空炉にて温度８９０℃で２時間焼成することによって耐摩耗部材を得た。
　（実施例２）
　平均粒径が１６μｍのＷＣ粒子の原料粉末（日本新金属株式会社製ＷＣ－Ｓ）６０ｇと、Ｎｉ粉末（福田金属箔粉工業株式会社製ＦＰ－６０６）３４ｇと、バインダ（東亜合成株式会社製アロン（登録商標））５ｇとをビーカー内で混合して成形材料を得たこと以外は、実施例１と同様にして耐摩耗部材を得た。
　（比較例１）
　耐摩耗部材として、市販の超硬合金（冨士ダイス株式会社製D４０）を準備した。
　上記で得られた実施例及び比較例の耐摩耗部材について、下記の評価を行った。
（１）硬質粒子の平均粒径、及び結合部と硬質粒子との体積比
　耐摩耗部材の断面について、光学顕微鏡を用いて画像解析し、上述した方法に基づいて平均粒径、及び結合部と硬質粒子との体積比を求めた。
（２）ロックウェル硬さ（ＨＲＡ）
　ロックウェル硬さ試験機を用いてロックウェル硬さを測定した。
（３）摩耗量
　ＡＳＴＭ　Ｄ２６７０に基づき、高速ファレックス形摩擦試験機（神鋼造機株式会社製）を用いて摩耗量を評価した。具体的には、次のようにして摩耗量の測定を行った。
　まず、相手材として、市販の超硬合金（冨士ダイス株式会社製Ｄ６０）を準備した。この超硬合金は、平均粒径が４μｍのＷＣ粒子を含む硬質相が結合相（Ｃｏ）中に分散したものであり、硬質相（ＷＣ）と結合相（Ｃｏ）との体積比が７５：２５、ロックウェル硬さが８８である。なお、この超硬合金の平均粒径、体積比及びロックウェル硬さは、上述の方法によって測定した。
　次に、相手材として用いる超硬合金から円柱状のピンを採取した。ピンは、直径６．３５ｍｍ、長さ３１．７５ｍｍとした。また、上記の実施例及び比較例で得られた耐摩耗部材からＶブロックを採取した。Ｖブロックは、直径を１２．８３ｍｍ、長さ１０．１６ｍｍ、Ｖ溝の角度を９６°、溝幅を６．３５ｍｍの試験片とした。そして、上記のピン及びＶブロックを高速ファレックス形摩擦試験機に設置した。
　次に、水道水３００ｍＬに対してセラミックス（＃２２０のＳｉＣ）１ｋｇを配合したセラミックス含有スラリーを調製し、オイルバス内にセラミックス含有スラリーを入れた。
　次に、オイルバス内のセラミックス含有スラリー中に、高速ファレックス形摩擦試験機に設置したピン及びＶブロックを浸漬しながらファレックス摩耗試験を行った。ファレックス摩耗試験は、ピンの回転数を３００ｒｐｍ、ピンに対するＶブロックの試験荷重を５００Ｎ、試験時間を６０分、試験温度を常温（約２５℃）とし、当該試験後にＶブロックの摩耗量（摩耗減量）を測定した。
　上記の各評価結果を表１に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
　表１に示されるように、実施例１及び２の耐摩耗部材は、比較例１の耐摩耗部材に比べて摩耗量が少なかった。
　以上の結果からわかるように、本発明によれば、様々な硬質部材と摺接する際に摩耗し難い耐摩耗部材を提供することができる。
　本発明の一実施形態に係る耐摩耗部材は、様々な部材と摺接又は摺動する部材に利用することができる。特に、本発明の一実施形態に係る耐摩耗部材は、様々な硬質部材と摺接する部材、例えば、圧延ロール、エンジンのピストン、ベアリングのハウジング、自動車の足回り部材などに利用することができる。

Claims (7)

  1. 　硬質部材と摺接する耐摩耗部材であって、
    　平均粒径が１０～１５０μｍの硬質粒子が結合部によって結合された合金から形成されている耐摩耗部材。
  2. 　前記耐摩耗部材と摺接する前記硬質部材のロックウェル硬さが８０以上である、請求項１に記載の耐摩耗部材。
  3. 　前記結合部が、Ｎｉ及びＣｏから選択される１種以上を含む、請求項１又は２に記載の耐摩耗部材。
  4. 　前記硬質粒子が、Ｗ、Ｔｉ、Ｚｒ、Ｈｆ、Ｖ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｃｒ及びＭｏの炭化物、窒化物、珪化物、並びに酸化物から選択される１種以上を含む、請求項１～３のいずれか一項に記載の耐摩耗部材。
  5. 　前記硬質粒子がＷＣである、請求項４に記載の耐摩耗部材。
  6. 　前記結合部と前記硬質粒子との体積比が３０：７０～８０：２０である、請求項１～５のいずれか一項に記載の耐摩耗部材。
  7. 　前記結合部と前記硬質粒子との体積比が４０：６０～６０：４０である、請求項６に記載の耐摩耗部材。
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