WO2020191658A1 - 无线充电发射装置、发射方法及无线充电系统 - Google Patents

无线充电发射装置、发射方法及无线充电系统 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020191658A1
WO2020191658A1 PCT/CN2019/079864 CN2019079864W WO2020191658A1 WO 2020191658 A1 WO2020191658 A1 WO 2020191658A1 CN 2019079864 W CN2019079864 W CN 2019079864W WO 2020191658 A1 WO2020191658 A1 WO 2020191658A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
branch
bridge arm
inductance
current
lagging bridge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/079864
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
毛云鹤
刘彦丁
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN201980001621.2A priority Critical patent/CN112219333B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/079864 priority patent/WO2020191658A1/zh
Priority to EP19921861.1A priority patent/EP3809555A4/en
Priority to BR112021003019-0A priority patent/BR112021003019A2/pt
Publication of WO2020191658A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020191658A1/zh
Priority to US17/157,697 priority patent/US11190042B2/en

Links

Images

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H02J7/06Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/122Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/40DC to AC converters
    • B60L2210/42Voltage source inverters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power electronics technology, in particular to a wireless charging transmitting device, a transmitting method and a wireless charging system.
  • Electric vehicles With the intensification of energy shortages and environmental pollution in modern society, electric vehicles as new energy vehicles have received extensive attention from all walks of life. Electric vehicles use on-board power battery packs as energy sources to drive vehicles. However, most of the existing electric vehicles are limited by the capacity of the power battery pack, and the driving range is short. At the same time, the power battery pack of the electric vehicle has a longer charging time and there are fewer charging stations. Therefore, the electric vehicle has not yet been widely used and popularized.
  • the charging methods of electric vehicles currently include contact charging and wireless charging, and wireless charging has become the development direction of electric vehicles in the future due to its convenience, no sparks and electric shock.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system.
  • the wireless charging system includes a wireless transmitting device and a wireless receiving device.
  • the wireless transmitting device is located at the transmitting end, and the wireless receiving device is located at the receiving end.
  • the transmitting end includes: an inverter H1, a transmitting end LCL compensation circuit 100 and a transmitting coil Ct;
  • the inverter H1 includes controllable switch tubes S1-S4, and the inverter H1 is used to invert the direct current output by the direct current power supply into alternating current.
  • the transmitting coil Ct is used to transmit the alternating current output from the inverter H1 in the form of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the receiving end includes: receiving coil Cr, receiving end compensation circuit 200 and rectifier H2.
  • the rectifier H2 includes controllable switch tubes Q1-Q4.
  • the receiving coil Cr is used to receive the electromagnetic energy emitted by the transmitting coil Ct in the form of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the rectifier H2 is used to rectify the alternating current output by the receiving coil Cr into direct current and output it to the load.
  • the controller 300 at the receiving end and the controller 400 at the transmitting end perform wireless communication.
  • the controllable switching tube in H1 realizes zero voltage switching (ZVS, Zero Voltage Switching) to reduce the power consumption of the controllable switching tube during operation.
  • ZVS Zero Voltage Switching
  • the input voltage of H1 can be adjusted to enable H1 to achieve ZVS under all operating conditions.
  • adjusting the input voltage of H1 requires an additional DC conversion circuit at the input end of H1, which will increase the volume and cost of the wireless transmitting device.
  • the output voltage of H1 can also be adjusted by adjusting the phase shift of H1.
  • the controllable switch tube can realize ZVS under various output voltages of H1, and once the controllable switch tube loses ZVS, the switching loss of H1 will be relatively large or even damaged.
  • the present application provides a wireless charging and transmitting device, the inverter circuit of which has different phase shift angles or when the current at the time when the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off is different. , Can realize ZVS, reduce switching loss, and improve the efficiency of wireless charging.
  • this application also provides a transmitting method and a wireless charging system applied to the wireless charging transmitting device.
  • this application provides a wireless charging transmitter, including: an inverter circuit, a transmitter coil, an impedance adjustment circuit, a controller, and a compensation circuit; wherein the inverter circuit inverts the DC power output by the DC power supply into AC power,
  • the inverter circuit includes a leading bridge arm and a lagging bridge arm.
  • the voltage phase of the leading bridge arm leads the voltage phase of the lagging bridge arm in the same period;
  • the compensation circuit compensates the alternating current output by the inverter circuit and sends it to the transmitting coil;
  • the coil is used to receive alternating current and generate an alternating magnetic field;
  • the impedance adjusting circuit includes at least one inductance branch, that is, there can be one or more inductance branches, and each inductance branch includes an inductor and a switch connected in series. The branches are connected in parallel to form a regulating branch.
  • the two ends of the regulating branch are respectively connected to the output port of the DC power supply and the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm; the controller changes the outgoing lagging bridge arm by controlling the open state of the switch in the inductance branch
  • the current of the lagging bridge arm realizes ZVS.
  • the controller can control the on and off of the switches in each inductance branch, and then adjust the impedance adjustment circuit to show different inductance sizes to change the size of the inductive current injected into the lagging bridge arm, thereby making the lagging
  • the controllable switch tube of the bridge arm realizes ZVS. Since the controller can control the inductance branch to be connected, it can also control the inductance branch to be disconnected, that is, according to the actual operation of the inverter circuit to control whether the inductive branch is connected or not, in some working conditions, the lagging arm of the inverter circuit ZVS can be realized by itself, so there is no need to connect to any inductive branch.
  • the controller can control all inductive branches to be disconnected, so as to avoid additional power consumption caused by the inductive branch access. Therefore, this method is flexible in control and can be used when needed. ZVS is realized when connected.
  • the inductor branch is controlled to be disconnected, thereby reducing power consumption.
  • the process of switching the inductive branch by the controller does not affect the power transmission of the wireless charging transmitter, which improves the stability and reliability of the wireless charging transmitter.
  • the controller controls the on or off of the switches in the inductor branch according to the current phase shift angle and output power of the inverter circuit; the phase shift angle refers to the leading bridge The phase difference between the midpoint voltage of the arm and the midpoint voltage of the lagging bridge arm.
  • the controller searches for the phase shift angle and the time when the controllable switch of the lagging bridge arm is turned off according to the output power. Correspondence between currents; different output powers correspond to different correspondences; obtain the phase shift angle interval where the current phase shift angle of the inverter circuit is located by finding the correspondence relation, and control the switches in the inductor branch according to the phase shift angle interval Turn on or turn off, and different phase shift angle intervals correspond to turn on different numbers of inductor branches.
  • the corresponding relationship between the phase shift angle and the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm can be obtained through simulation in advance, and stored in the controller.
  • the controller can find the corresponding relationship in real time according to the current output power , Determine the interval where the current phase shift angle is located according to the found correspondence. Since different intervals correspond to close different numbers of inductance branches, the corresponding number of inductance branches can be closed according to the interval where the current phase shift angle is located. . Since the corresponding relationship between the phase shift angle and the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm is obtained by simulation in advance, the task of the controller can be reduced in the actual operation process, no calculation is required, just a direct search, fast response speed, and improved controller operation performance.
  • the controller can control the inductance branch according to the current flowing into the compensation circuit at the time when the controllable switch of the lagging bridge arm is turned off.
  • the on or off of the switch can also be controlled by the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm to control the on or off of the switch in the inductance branch.
  • the controller obtains the difference between the current flowing into the compensation circuit at the time when the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off and the preset current , Control the on and off of the switches in the inductor branch according to the difference value, and the difference value corresponds to closing a different number of inductor branches.
  • the current flowing into the compensation circuit can be directly measured, and the current flowing into the compensation circuit can be differentiated from the preset current, and the on-off condition of the inductor branch can be controlled according to the difference.
  • the controller according to the time when the controllable switch of the lagging bridge arm is turned off and the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm and the current inductance branch
  • the number of closures can be used to obtain the current flowing into the compensation circuit, and then the difference between the current flowing into the compensation circuit and the preset current is obtained, and the switch in the inductor branch is controlled to turn on and off according to the difference. Different differences correspond to different numbers of closures. Inductance branch.
  • the first end of the adjusting branch is connected to the positive DC bus or the negative DC bus or the midpoint of the DC bus at the output end of the DC power supply,
  • the different connection modes of the first end of the regulating branch and the DC power supply can be set according to the actual DC power supply conditions.
  • the impedance adjustment circuit further includes: a first DC blocking capacitor; the first end of the adjustment branch is connected through the first DC blocking capacitor At the midpoint of the DC bus, the first DC blocking capacitor can filter out the DC component in the regulating branch, reduce the increase in the effective value of the current in the lagging bridge arm, and thereby reduce the conduction loss and switching of the controllable switch tube in the lagging bridge arm. loss.
  • the impedance adjustment circuit further includes: a second DC blocking capacitor; the first end of the adjustment branch is connected through the second DC blocking capacitor The positive DC bus, the second DC blocking capacitor can filter out the DC component in the regulating branch, reduce the increase in the effective value of the current in the lagging bridge arm, thereby reducing the conduction loss and switching loss of the controllable switch tube in the lagging bridge arm .
  • the impedance adjustment circuit further includes: a third DC blocking capacitor; the first end of the adjustment branch is connected through the third DC blocking capacitor Negative DC bus, the third DC blocking capacitor can filter out the DC component in the regulating branch, reduce the increase in the effective value of the current in the lagging bridge arm, and then reduce the conduction loss and switching loss of the controllable switch tube in the lagging bridge arm .
  • At least one inductance branch includes: a first diode and a second diode; the anode of the first diode Connect the common terminal of the inductor and the switch in the inductive branch, the cathode of the first diode is connected to the positive DC bus; the cathode of the second diode is connected to the common terminal of the inductor and the switch in the inductive branch, and the anode of the second diode Connect the negative DC bus.
  • Two diodes are used to form a diode clamping circuit.
  • the switch of the inductance branch with the diode clamping circuit When the switch of the inductance branch with the diode clamping circuit is turned off, it can provide a freewheeling path for the inductance in the inductance branch, and can maintain the inductance and the inductance in the inductance branch.
  • the voltage of the common terminal of the switch is stable within a safe range, which has the function of protecting the circuit.
  • the impedance adjustment circuit includes at least two inductance branches; the two inductance branches are: the first inductance branch and the second inductance branch.
  • the first inductor branch includes a first inductor and a first switch; the first end of the first inductor is connected to the output port of the DC power supply, and the second end of the first inductor is connected to the middle of the lagging bridge arm through the first switch Point; the second inductor branch includes a second inductor and a second switch, the first end of the second inductor is connected to the output port of the DC power supply, and the second end of the second inductor is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm through the second switch.
  • the controller can adjust the on or off of multiple inductance branches to make the impedance adjustment branch better match the inductive current injected by the lagging bridge arm with the phase shift angle. accurate.
  • the present application provides a wireless charging control method, which is applied to a wireless charging transmitter.
  • the wireless charging transmitter includes: an inverter circuit, a transmitter coil, an impedance adjustment circuit, and a controller; the inverter circuit is used for The DC power output by the DC power supply is inverted into AC power.
  • the inverter circuit includes a leading bridge arm and a lagging bridge arm.
  • the voltage phase of the leading bridge arm leads the voltage phase of the lagging bridge arm;
  • the transmitting coil is used to receive AC power and Generate an alternating magnetic field;
  • the impedance adjustment circuit includes at least one inductance branch, each inductance branch includes an inductor and a switch connected in series, all the inductance branches are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch, and the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to a DC power supply The second end of the adjusting branch is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm; the method includes:
  • the controller can control the on and off of the switches in each inductance branch, and then adjust the impedance adjustment circuit to show different inductance sizes to change the size of the inductive current injected into the lagging bridge arm, thereby making the lagging
  • the controllable switch tube of the bridge arm realizes ZVS. Since the controller can control the inductance branch to be connected, it can also control the inductance branch to be disconnected, that is, according to the actual operation of the inverter circuit to control whether the inductive branch is connected or not, in some working conditions, the lagging arm of the inverter circuit ZVS can be realized by itself, so there is no need to connect to any inductive branch.
  • the controller can control all inductive branches to be disconnected, so as to avoid additional power consumption caused by the inductive branch access. Therefore, this method is flexible in control and can be used when needed. ZVS is realized when connected.
  • the inductor branch is controlled to be disconnected, thereby reducing power consumption.
  • the process of switching the inductive branch by the controller does not affect the power transmission of the wireless charging transmitter, which improves the stability and reliability of the wireless charging transmitter.
  • controlling the on or off of the switch in the inductor branch to change the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm is specifically: according to the current phase shift angle and output of the inverter circuit Power controls the on or off of the switches in the inductor branch; the phase shift angle refers to the phase difference between the midpoint voltage of the leading bridge arm and the midpoint voltage of the lagging bridge arm.
  • the switch in the inductor branch is controlled to be turned on or off, Specifically: Find the correspondence between the phase shift angle and the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm at the time when the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off according to the output power; different output powers correspond to different correspondences; the corresponding relationship found by searching Obtain the phase shift angle interval where the current phase shift angle of the inverter circuit is located, and control the on or off of the switch in the inductor branch according to the phase shift angle interval, and different phase shift angle intervals turn on different numbers of inductor branches correspondingly.
  • the corresponding relationship between the phase shift angle and the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm can be obtained through simulation in advance, and stored in the controller.
  • the controller can find the corresponding relationship in real time according to the current output power , Determine the interval where the current phase shift angle is located according to the found correspondence. Since different intervals correspond to close different numbers of inductance branches, the corresponding number of inductance branches can be closed according to the interval where the current phase shift angle is located. . Since the corresponding relationship between the phase shift angle and the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm is obtained by simulation in advance, the task of the controller can be reduced in the actual operation process, no calculation is required, just a direct search, fast response speed, and improved controller operation performance.
  • controlling the on or off of the switch in the inductance branch to change the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm is specifically: The current flowing into the compensation circuit or the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm when the controllable switch tube of the bridge arm is turned off, controls the on or off of the switch in the inductance branch.
  • the current flowing into the compensation circuit can be directly measured, and the current flowing into the compensation circuit can be differentiated from the preset current, and the on-off condition of the inductor branch can be controlled according to the difference.
  • the conduction of the switch in the inductor branch is controlled. Turn on or turn off, specifically: obtain the difference between the current flowing into the compensation circuit at the time when the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off and the preset current, and control the turn-on and turn-off of the switch in the inductor branch according to the difference. Different values correspond to closing different numbers of inductive branches.
  • the switch in the inductor branch is controlled to be turned on or off, specifically:
  • the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm when the controllable switch of the bridge arm is turned off and the current closed number of inductance branches obtain the current flowing into the compensation circuit, and obtain the difference between the current flowing into the compensation circuit and the preset current, and control according to the difference
  • the difference between the on and off of the switches in the inductance branch corresponds to the closing of different numbers of inductance branches.
  • the present application provides a wireless charging system, including a wireless charging receiving device and the above wireless charging transmitting device; the wireless charging receiving device is used to receive the alternating magnetic field emitted by the wireless charging transmitting device and convert the alternating magnetic field Provide direct current as electrical equipment.
  • the wireless charging system includes the wireless charging transmitting device described above, the switching loss of the wireless charging transmitting device is reduced, the efficiency of wireless charging transmitting is improved, and the stability and reliability of the wireless charging transmitting device are improved.
  • this application provides an electrical equipment, including power consumption components, a battery, and a wireless charging receiving device; a wireless charging receiving device for receiving the alternating magnetic field emitted by the above wireless charging transmitting device; a wireless charging receiving device It is used to convert the alternating magnetic field into direct current to charge the battery; the battery is used to supply power to the consuming components.
  • the electrical equipment may be an electric vehicle, wherein the wireless charging receiving device may be located on the electric vehicle, and the wireless charging transmitting device may be located on the ground.
  • the electric equipment can be charged with the wireless charging transmitter described above, the power transmission will not be interrupted when the wireless charging transmitter adjusts the phase shift angle, and the electric equipment has high stability and performance during the wireless charging process. safety.
  • the present invention has at least the following advantages:
  • the wireless charging transmitter device adds an impedance adjustment circuit and a controller.
  • the impedance adjustment circuit includes at least one inductance branch, each inductance branch includes an inductor and a switch connected in series, all the inductance branches are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch, and the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the output port of the DC power supply , The second end of the adjustment branch is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm, and when needed, inductive current can be injected into the lagging bridge arm to increase the inductive current component of the lagging bridge arm.
  • the controller controls the on or off of the switch in the inductance branch to change the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm, so that the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm realizes ZVS.
  • the inductance branch in this application may be one or multiple.
  • a corresponding number of inductance branches are controlled to be connected to the lagging bridge arm, thereby changing the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm, that is, the current of the lagging bridge arm itself.
  • the controller can control whether the inductive branch is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm, that is, when the switch of the inductive branch is closed, the inductive branch is connected to the middle of the lagging bridge arm. Point, and then inject inductive current into the lagging bridge arm.
  • the adjustment branch includes multiple inductance branches connected in parallel, the controller can adjust the inductance of the impedance adjustment circuit by controlling the on and off of the switches in each inductance branch. The inductance of the impedance adjustment circuit is different. The magnitude of the inductive current injected by the lagging bridge arm is different.
  • the controller can control the amount of current injected into the lagging bridge arm by controlling the number of inductance branches that are turned on, so as to avoid too many inductances connected and increase power consumption. Therefore, the power consumption caused by the inductive branch can be reduced, and the efficiency of wireless charging can be improved. At the same time, the process of switching the inductive branch by the controller does not need to interrupt the power transmission of the wireless charging transmitter, which improves the stability of the power transmission of the wireless charging transmitter. Sex and reliability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system provided by the prior art
  • Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system for electric vehicles provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric vehicle wireless charging system provided in Figure 2a;
  • FIG. 2c is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging and transmitting device provided by Embodiment 1 of the device of this application;
  • Figure 3a is a circuit diagram of the impedance adjustment branch of the wireless charging transmitter including an inductance branch;
  • Fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of the waveform relationship when the phase shift angle corresponding to Fig. 3a is larger;
  • FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram of the waveform relationship when the phase shift angle corresponding to FIG. 3a is small;
  • 4a is a curve diagram of the relationship between the current I 1 in the lagging bridge arm and the phase shift angle when the impedance adjusting branch provided in the second embodiment of the application includes an inductive branch;
  • Figure 4b is a circuit diagram of another impedance adjustment branch provided by this application including an inductance branch;
  • FIG. 5a is a circuit diagram of the impedance adjusting branch provided in the second embodiment of the application including two inductance branches;
  • Fig. 5b is a graph of the relationship between the current I 1 in the lagging bridge arm and the phase shift angle corresponding to Fig. 5b;
  • FIG. 5c is a circuit diagram of another impedance adjustment branch including two inductance branches according to the second embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 6a is a circuit diagram in which the regulating branch includes an inductive branch and a diode clamp circuit exists on the inductive branch;
  • Fig. 6b is a circuit diagram in which the adjustment branch includes two inductance branches and a diode clamp circuit exists on the first inductance branch;
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram in which the adjustment branch includes two inductance branches and a diode clamp circuit exists on the second inductance branch;
  • Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram in which the regulating branch includes two inductive branches and each inductive branch has a diode clamp circuit;
  • Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of a wireless charging transmitter with an output power of 10kW
  • Fig. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the current I 1 in the lagging bridge arm and the phase shift angle when the device in Fig. 9 is not connected to the inductive branch and works at a constant power of 10kW;
  • Figure 11 is a circuit diagram of the first end of the regulating branch connected to the midpoint of the DC bus of the DC power supply;
  • FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of another wireless charging and transmitting device provided by Embodiment 6 of the device of this application;
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of still another wireless charging and transmitting device provided by Embodiment 7 of the device of this application;
  • FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of another wireless charging and transmitting device provided by Embodiment 8 of the device of this application.
  • FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram of another wireless charging and transmitting device provided by Embodiment 9 of the device of this application.
  • FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of another wireless charging and transmitting device provided by Embodiment 10 of the device of this application;
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a wireless charging control method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an electric device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle wireless charging system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the wireless charging system may at least include: an electric car 1000 and a wireless charging station 1001.
  • the electric vehicle 1000 may include a wireless charging receiving device 1000a
  • the wireless charging station 1001 may include a wireless charging transmitting device 1001a.
  • the charging process of the wireless charging system is to perform non-contact charging through the wireless charging receiving device 1000a located in the electric vehicle 1000 and the wireless charging transmitting device 1001a located in the wireless charging station 1001 working together.
  • the wireless charging station 1001 may specifically be a fixed wireless charging station, a fixed wireless charging parking space, or a wireless charging road.
  • the wireless charging transmitting device 1001a can be set on the ground or buried under the ground ( Figure 2a shows the situation when the wireless charging transmitting device 1001a is buried under the ground), and can wirelessly charge the electric vehicle 1000 located above it.
  • the wireless charging receiving device 1000a may be integrated at the bottom of the electric vehicle 1000.
  • the electric vehicle 1000 When the electric vehicle 1000 enters the wireless charging range of the wireless charging transmitter 1001a, the electric vehicle 1000 can be charged in a wireless charging mode.
  • the power receiving antenna and the rectifier circuit of the wireless charging receiving device 1000a can be integrated or separated. When separated, the rectifier in the rectifier circuit is usually placed in the car.
  • the power transmitting antenna and the inverter of the wireless charging transmitting device 1001a can be integrated or separated.
  • the non-contact charging can be wireless energy by the wireless charging receiving device 1000a and the wireless charging transmitting device 1001a through the electric field or magnetic field coupling.
  • the transmission may specifically be electric field induction, magnetic induction, magnetic resonance, or wireless radiation, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the electric vehicle 1000 and the wireless charging station 1001 can also be charged in two directions, that is, the wireless charging station 1001 charges the electric vehicle 1000 through the power supply, or the electric vehicle 1000 discharges to the power supply.
  • Figure 2b is a schematic structural diagram of the electric vehicle wireless charging system provided in Figure 2a.
  • the wireless charging and transmitting device 1001a shown in FIG. 2b includes: a transmission conversion module 1001a1, a power transmission antenna 1001a2, a transmission control module 1001a3, a communication module 1001a4, an authentication management module 1001a5, and a storage module 1001a6.
  • the wireless charging and transmitting device 1000a includes: a power receiving antenna 1000a2, a receiving control module 1000a3, a receiving conversion module 1000a1, a vehicle communication module 1000a4, an energy storage management module 1000a5, and an energy storage module 1000a6.
  • the receiving transformation module 1000a1 can be connected to the energy storage module 1000a6 through the energy storage management module 1000a5, and the received energy is used to charge the energy storage module 1000a6, and further used for driving the electric vehicle.
  • the energy storage management module 1000a5 and the energy storage module 1000a6 may be located inside the wireless charging receiving device 1000a or outside the wireless charging receiving device 1000a, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the transmission conversion module 1001a1 can be connected to an external power source to convert AC or DC power obtained from the external power supply into high-frequency AC power.
  • the transmission conversion module 1001a1 at least includes a power factor correction unit and an inverter;
  • the transmission conversion module 1001a1 at least includes an inverter.
  • the power factor correction unit is used to make the phase of the input current of the wireless charging system consistent with the phase of the grid voltage, reduce the harmonic content of the wireless charging system, and increase the power factor value to reduce the pollution of the wireless charging system to the grid and improve reliability
  • the power factor correction unit can also be used to increase or decrease the output voltage of the power factor correction unit according to the needs of the subsequent stage.
  • the inverter is used to convert the voltage output by the power factor correction unit into a high frequency AC voltage and then act on the power transmitting antenna 1001a2.
  • the high frequency AC voltage can improve the transmission efficiency and transmission distance.
  • Figure 2b takes the wireless charging transmitter device 1001a externally connected to an external power supply as an example. It can be understood that the power supply may also be a power supply inside the wireless charging transmitter device 1001a.
  • the power transmitting antenna 1001a2 is used to transmit the alternating current output from the transmitting conversion module 1001a1 in the form of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the transmission control module 1001a3 can control the voltage, current and frequency conversion parameter adjustments of the transmission conversion module 1001a1 according to the actual wireless charging transmission power requirements to control the voltage and current output adjustments of the high-frequency alternating current in the power transmission antenna 1001a2.
  • the communication module 1001a4 and the vehicle communication module 1000a4 are used to implement wireless communication between the wireless charging transmitter device 1001a and the wireless charging receiver device 1000a, including power control information, fault protection information, switch machine information, interactive authentication information, etc.
  • the wireless charging transmitting device 1001a can receive information such as the attribute information, charging request and interactive authentication information of the electric vehicle sent by the wireless charging receiving device 1000a; on the other hand, the wireless charging transmitting device 1001a can also send to the wireless charging receiving device 1000a Wireless charging transmission control information, interactive authentication information, wireless charging historical data information, etc.
  • the above-mentioned wireless communication methods may include, but are not limited to, Bluetooth, wireless broadband (WIreless-Fidelity, WiFi), Zigbee, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and Long Range , Lora) wireless technology, near field communication technology (Near Field Communication, NFC) any one or a combination of multiple.
  • the communication module 1001a4 can also communicate with the smart terminal of the user of the electric vehicle, and the user can realize remote authentication and user information transmission through the communication function.
  • the authentication management module 1001a5 is used for interactive authentication and authority management between the wireless charging transmitter 1001a and the electric vehicle in the wireless charging system.
  • the storage module 1001a6 is used to store the charging process data, interactive authentication data (such as interactive authentication information), and permission management data (such as permission management information) of the wireless charging transmitter 1001a, among which the interactive authentication data and permission management data can be factory settings It can also be set by the user, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the power receiving antenna 1000a2 is used to receive the electromagnetic energy emitted by the power transmitting antenna 1001a2 in the form of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the structural combinations of the power transmitting antenna 1001a2 and the power receiving antenna 1000a2 in the wireless charging system include SS type, PP type, SP type, PS type, LCL-LCL type, LCL-P type, etc.
  • the embodiments of this application are There are no specific restrictions.
  • the wireless charging transmitting device 1001a and the wireless charging receiving device 1000a in the wireless charging system may also include both a power receiving antenna and a power transmitting antenna, which may be independent or Integrated.
  • the receiving conversion module 1000a1 is used to convert the electromagnetic energy received by the power receiving antenna 1000a2 into the DC voltage and DC current required for charging the energy storage module 1000a6.
  • the receiving conversion module 1000a1 at least includes a compensation circuit and a rectifier, where the rectifier converts the high-frequency resonance current and voltage received by the power receiving antenna into a direct current voltage and a direct current.
  • the receiving control module 1000a3 can control the voltage, current, and frequency conversion parameter adjustment of the receiving conversion module 1000a1 according to the actual wireless charging receiving power demand.
  • the inverter of the wireless charging and transmitting device 1001a includes an inverter circuit and a compensation circuit, wherein the inverter circuit is used to invert the DC power output by the DC power supply into AC power.
  • the controllable switch tube in the inverter circuit of the wireless charging transmitter implements ZVS, so as to reduce the power consumption of the controllable switch tube during operation.
  • the input voltage of the inverter can be adjusted to keep the phase shift angle unchanged, so that the inverter can achieve ZVS under all working conditions.
  • adjusting the input voltage of the inverter requires an additional DC conversion circuit at the input end of the inverter, which will increase the volume and cost of the wireless transmitting device.
  • the output voltage of the inverter can be adjusted.
  • the leading leg it can achieve zero voltage switching during the adjustment process, but for the lagging leg, it cannot be guaranteed that the inverter is in each position.
  • Zero voltage switching can be achieved under all output voltages (different phase shift angles), and once the controllable switch tube loses zero voltage switching, the switching loss of the inverter will be relatively large or even damaged.
  • the present application provides a wireless charging transmitter device, which adds an impedance adjustment circuit and a controller, wherein the impedance adjustment circuit includes at least one inductive branch, and each inductive branch includes a series connection. Connected inductors and switches, all inductance branches are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch. The first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the output port of the DC power supply, and the second end of the adjustment branch is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm. The circuit injects the inductive current into the lagging bridge arm to increase the inductive current component of the lagging bridge arm.
  • the controller is used to control the on or off of the switch in the inductor branch to change the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm, that is, the controller controls the amount of current injected into the lagging bridge arm by controlling the number of conductive branches , So that the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm realizes zero voltage switching.
  • the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm can achieve zero voltage switching, it avoids the increase in power consumption due to the excessive number of connected inductors.
  • the process of switching the inductor branch by the controller does not need to interrupt the wireless charging and transmitting device The power transmission improves the stability and reliability of the wireless charging transmitter.
  • the controllable switch tube realizes zero-voltage switching, that is, the controllable switch tube realizes ZVS.
  • FIG. 2c is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging and transmitting device according to Embodiment 1 of the device of this application.
  • the wireless charging transmitter provided by the embodiments of the present application is located at the transmitter, and is used to convert the direct current input from the DC power supply into an alternating magnetic field and send it to the wireless charging receiver.
  • the wireless charging transmitter can be applied to the field of electric vehicles.
  • the car is charged, and the wireless charging receiver can be located on the electric car.
  • the device includes: an inverter circuit 201, a transmitting coil 202, an impedance adjusting circuit 203, a controller 204, and a compensation circuit 206.
  • the inverter circuit 201 inverts the DC power output by the DC power supply into AC power.
  • the inverter circuit 201 includes a leading bridge arm and a lagging bridge arm, wherein the voltage phase of the leading bridge arm leads the voltage phase of the lagging bridge arm in the same period.
  • the compensation circuit 206 compensates the alternating current output from the inverter circuit 201 and sends it to the transmitting coil 202.
  • the inverter circuit 201 includes controllable switching tubes S1-S4 as an example.
  • the bridge arms including the controllable switching tubes S3 and S4 are the leading bridge arms, and the bridge arms including the controllable switching tubes S1 and S2 are lagging. Bridge arm.
  • the transmitting coil 202 transmits alternating current in the form of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the impedance adjusting circuit 203 includes at least one inductance branch.
  • Each inductance branch includes an inductor and a switch connected in series. All the inductance branches are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch.
  • the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the DC power supply 205.
  • the second end of the adjusting branch is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm, that is, point A between the controllable switch tubes S1 and S2 in Figure 2c. Since the adjustment branch is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm, inductive current can be injected into the lagging bridge arm to increase the inductive current component of the lagging bridge arm.
  • the controller 204 can control the on or off of the switches in the inductance branch to change the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm, so that the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm realizes ZVS.
  • controller provided in this application is equivalent to the emission control module 1001a3 in FIG. 2b.
  • the phase of the current flowing out of the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm lags behind the output voltage of the lagging bridge arm of the inverter circuit 201 (the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm is relative to the inverter
  • the phase of the negative bus voltage difference that is, the load that lags behind the output voltage of the bridge arm appears inductive.
  • the number of inductance branches included in the adjustment branch can continue to be expanded to more, so that the controllable switch of the lagging bridge arm can realize ZVS under different phase shift angles.
  • the controller controls the on and off of the switches in each inductive branch, changing the number of connected inductive branches (including 0), and then changing the size of the inductive current injected by the adjusting branch into the lagging bridge arm.
  • a reasonable current gradient can be established for the inductive current injected into the lagging bridge arm, so that the inductive current injected into the lagging bridge arm matches the phase shift angle.
  • the inductance values of the inductances in each inductance branch may be equal or unequal, and can be specifically set according to needs, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the switch types in each inductive branch can be the same or different.
  • the switch type may be any one of the following: relay, circuit breaker, contactor, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) or metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOS) tube.
  • the wireless charging transmitter adds an impedance adjustment circuit and a controller.
  • the impedance adjustment circuit includes at least one inductance branch, each inductance branch includes an inductor and a switch connected in series, all the inductance branches are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch, and the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the output port of the DC power supply , The second end of the adjustment branch is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm, and the controller is used to control the on or off of the switch in the inductance branch to change the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm, that is, the controller, by controlling the conduction
  • the number of inductance branches in the lagging bridge arm is further controlled to control the current injected into the lagging bridge arm, so that the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm realizes ZVS.
  • the controller controls the inductance branch to connect to the lagging bridge arm.
  • the adjustment branch includes multiple inductance branches connected in parallel, the controller can control the on and off of the switches in each inductance branch to realize the different inductances presented by the impedance adjustment circuit, and the inductance of the impedance adjustment circuit is different.
  • the magnitude of the inductive current injected by the lagging bridge arm is different.
  • the process of the controller switching the inductance branch does not affect the power transmission of the wireless charging transmitter, which improves the stability and reliability of the wireless charging transmitter.
  • the controller can control the closing and opening of the inductive branch in the following two ways:
  • the first type the controller controls the on or off of the switches in the inductor branch according to the current phase shift angle and output power of the inverter circuit;
  • the second type the controller controls the on or off of the switch in the inductance branch according to the current flowing into the compensation circuit or the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm at the time when the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off.
  • the current flowing into the compensation circuit is equal to the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm.
  • the current flowing into the compensation circuit is not equal to the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm.
  • the regulating branch includes an inductive branch, continue to refer to Figure 3a.
  • the controller controls the on or off of the switches in the inductor branch according to the current phase shift angle and output power of the inverter circuit, specifically:
  • the controller searches for the corresponding relationship between the phase shift angle and the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm at the time when the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off according to the output power; different output power corresponds to different corresponding relationships; obtained by finding the corresponding relationship
  • the current phase shift angle of the inverter circuit is located in the phase shift angle interval, and the switch in the inductor branch is controlled to be turned on or off according to the phase shift angle interval. Different phase shift angle intervals correspond to different numbers of inductor branches.
  • the current I 1 flowing out of the lagging bridge arm is equal to the current I 2 flowing into the compensation circuit.
  • the corresponding relationship between the phase shift angle of the inverter circuit at different output powers and the current I 1 flowing out of the lagging bridge arm at the time when the controllable switch of the lagging bridge arm is turned off is established in advance. That is, the corresponding relationship is the corresponding relationship between the phase shift angle of the inverter circuit at different output powers and the current I 2 flowing into the compensation circuit, and different output powers correspond to different corresponding relationships.
  • the turn-off current of the lagging bridge arm is used to represent the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm when the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off.
  • the corresponding relationship can be achieved by using curves or tables. For example, different output powers correspond to different curves.
  • the curve is a two-dimensional curve of the phase shift angle and the turn-off current of the lagging bridge arm, that is, the two-dimensional curve represents the shift.
  • the corresponding relationship between the phase angle and the turn-off current of the lagging bridge arm is a two-dimensional curve of the phase shift angle and the turn-off current of the lagging bridge arm.
  • Fig. 3a is a circuit diagram of the impedance adjustment branch of the wireless charging transmitter including an inductance branch.
  • inverter circuit 201 the transmitting coil 202, the DC power supply 205, and the compensation circuit 206 can be referred to the foregoing, and the positive direction of the voltage and current is shown in the figure, and will not be repeated here.
  • the inductance branch of the impedance adjusting circuit 203 includes an inductance L and a switch K in series.
  • the first end of the inductance L is connected to the output port of the DC power supply 205, and the second end of the inductance L is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm through the switch K.
  • the inductance branch is the adjustment branch.
  • the controller is not shown in Figure 3a. The controller controls The switch K in the inductance branch is turned on or off.
  • the output power of the inverter circuit 201 does not consider the transmission efficiency between the wireless charging transmitter and the wireless charging receiving device, the output power of the inverter circuit 201 is equivalent to the output power of the wireless charging receiving device Generally, the transmission efficiency is less than 100%, and there is a certain conversion relationship between the output power of the inverter circuit and the output power of the wireless charging receiving device. Therefore, it can also be understood that the controller controls the on or off of the switch K in the inductive branch according to the current phase shift angle of the inverter circuit 201 and the output power of the wireless charging receiving device. Among them, the output power of the wireless charging receiving device is the output power of the wireless charging system.
  • the turn-off current in the lagging bridge arm is I 1
  • the current in the inductor branch is I L
  • the current flowing into the compensation circuit 206 is I 2
  • I 2 is also the output current of the inverter circuit 201
  • the controller controls whether the inductor branch injects an inductive current I L into the lagging bridge arm by controlling the on and off of the inductor branch switch.
  • the on-off of the inductor branch can be controlled according to the phase shift angle.
  • the phase of the current I 2 flowing into the compensation circuit 206 (that is, the output current of the inverter circuit 201) has lagged behind the lagging arm output voltage U of the inverter circuit 201. 1 (lagging leg with respect to the midpoint voltage of the negative busbar) phase, when the lagging leg of the current I 1 is a current flowing into the compensation circuit 206 is I 2, the controllable switches S1 and S2 have the ZVS can be achieved, this When the controller controls the switch K of the inductance branch to be turned off, the inductance branch does not inject the inductive current I L into the lagging bridge arm to avoid power consumption caused by the inductance access.
  • the controller controls the switch K of the inductive branch to close, so that the inductive branch injects the inductive current I L into the lagging bridge arm, and the inductive current I L is superimposed with the current I 2 flowing into the compensation circuit 206 to make the lagging leg of the current lags the phase lagging leg of the inverter circuit 201 output phase voltage U 1, so that the controllable switches S1 and S2 of the lagging leg achieve ZVS.
  • the maximum value of the turn-off current in the lagging bridge arm that can be reached when the controllable switch tube on the lagging bridge arm realizes ZVS can be set as the preset current I 0 in advance.
  • Different output powers of the inverter circuit 201 correspond to different preset currents I 0 .
  • a two-dimensional graph on each phase shifting angle ⁇ 0 corresponding to the predetermined current I 0 to the phase shifting angle ⁇ 0 is a preset angle, it is divided into two phase-shift angle interval, i.e., are greater than a preset
  • FIG. 4a is a graph showing the relationship between I 1 and the phase shift angle when the impedance adjustment branch provided in the second embodiment of the application includes an inductance branch.
  • I 2 is equal to I 1 .
  • the turn-off current of the lagging bridge arm can set the maximum value when the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm achieves ZVS as the preset provided current I 0 (I 0 ⁇ 0) , be appreciated that the preset current can be appropriately adjusted according to actual needs, for example, may be selected with less than a certain current I 0 I 0 but closer to the predetermined current value.
  • the phase shift angle corresponding to the preset current I 0 is the preset angle ⁇ 0 , then the interval of the phase shift angle smaller than ⁇ 0 is the first phase shift angle interval, and the interval of the phase shift angle greater than ⁇ 0 is the second phase shift angle Interval.
  • the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm cannot achieve ZVS, and the controller needs to control the inductor support.
  • the circuit is turned on, and an inductive current is injected into the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm.
  • the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm has been able to achieve ZVS, and the inductor can be turned off Branch to reduce power consumption.
  • the controller controls the on or off of the switch in the inductance branch according to the current flowing into the compensation circuit or the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm at the time when the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off.
  • FIG. 4b is a circuit diagram of another impedance adjustment branch provided in the second embodiment of the application including an inductance branch.
  • the circuit provided in this embodiment also includes a current detection circuit 206.
  • the current detection circuit 206 is used to detect the current flowing into the compensation circuit or the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm at the time when the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off, and flows into the detected time when the controllable switching tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off.
  • the current of the compensation circuit or the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm is sent to the controller.
  • the current detection circuit 206 detects the current flowing into the compensation circuit as an example. Introduction.
  • the current detecting circuit 206 detects a current hysteresis time switch off the controllable arm is flowing into the compensation circuit I 3, it will be appreciated that when none of the inductor branch is turned on, a current I 3 flowing out The current of the lagging bridge arm is equal, and the controller compares I 3 with the preset current I 0. When I 3 >I 0 , the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm cannot achieve ZVS, and the controller controls the inductance branch to turn on. The inductive branch injects an inductive current into the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm so that the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm realizes ZVS. When I 3 ⁇ I 0 , the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm can already achieve ZVS, and the controller turns off the inductive branch to reduce power consumption.
  • the regulating branch includes at least two inductive branches.
  • the controller controls the on-off state of the switch in each inductance branch, and can adjust the size of the inductive current injected by the impedance adjustment circuit to the lagging bridge arm, so that the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm realizes ZVS under different phase shift angles.
  • the number of inductance branches is not specifically limited in this application. It can be selected and set according to actual needs and the volume and cost of the hardware. The more the number of inductance branches, the more the corresponding inductance values appear, and the more matching the phase shift angle is. accurate.
  • the adjustment branch includes at least the following two inductance branches: the first inductance branch and the second inductance branch as an example.
  • the first inductor branch includes a first inductor and a first switch, the first end of the first inductor is connected to the output port of the DC power supply, and the second end of the first inductor is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm through the first switch;
  • the two inductor branches include a second inductor and a second switch, the first end of the second inductor is connected to the output port of the DC power supply, and the second end of the second inductor is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm through the second switch.
  • Fig. 5a is a circuit diagram when the impedance adjustment branch of the wireless charging transmitter includes two inductance branches.
  • inverter circuit 201 the transmitting coil 202, the DC power supply 205 and the compensation circuit 206 in the circuit can be referred to the foregoing, and will not be repeated here.
  • the impedance adjusting circuit 303 includes a first inductance branch and a second inductance branch.
  • the first inductance branch includes a first inductor L1 and a first switch K1 connected in series.
  • the first end of L1 is connected to the output port of the DC power supply.
  • the second end is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm through K1;
  • the second inductance branch includes a second inductor L2 and a second switch K2 connected in series.
  • the first end of L21 is connected to the output port of the DC power supply, and the second end of L2 passes through K2.
  • Connect the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm; the inductances of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 may be the same or different, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the controller (not shown) controls the on or off of the first switch K1 and the second switch K2 according to the current phase shift angle and output power of the inverter circuit 201; or, the controller according to the controllable switch of the lagging bridge arm
  • the current of the bridge arm lags behind when the tube (that is, the control switch S1 or S3) is turned off, and controls the turn-on or turn-off of the first switch K1 and the second switch K2.
  • the first inductance branch and the second inductance branch are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch.
  • the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the output port of the DC power supply 205, and the second end of the adjustment branch is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm, that is, connected to
  • the controllable switch is between S1 and S2.
  • the turn-off current in the lagging bridge arm is I 1
  • the current in the regulating branch is I L
  • the output current of the inverter circuit 201 is I 2
  • the current in the regulating branch is I L is the sum of the currents passing through the two inductance branches.
  • the adjustment branch injects an inductive current I L into the lagging bridge arm, which in turn affects the reactance of the turn-off current I 1 in the lagging bridge arm.
  • the controller controls the on and off of each inductive branch switch and then controls the inductive branch to inject the inductive current I L into the lagging bridge arm.
  • the turn-off current I 1 in the lagging bridge arm is equal to the current I 2 flowing into the compensation circuit.
  • the direction of the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm is the positive direction, and the inverter circuit is established in advance.
  • the corresponding relationship between the phase shift angle at different output powers and the turn-off current I 1 of the lagging bridge arm, that is, the corresponding relationship at this time is the phase shift angle of the inverter circuit at different output powers and the current flowing into the compensation circuit I 2 corresponding relationship, different output power corresponding to the different corresponding relations.
  • FIG. 5b is a curve diagram of the correspondence between the current I 1 in the lagging bridge arm and the phase shift angle when the impedance adjusting branch provided in the second embodiment of the application includes two inductance branches.
  • I 2 is equal to I 1 .
  • the controllable switch on the lagging bridge arm realizes ZVS, the maximum value that the turn-off current in the lagging bridge arm can reach is set as the preset current I 0 in advance.
  • I 2 and I 1 are not equal, and the turned-on inductor branch will affect the magnitude of I 1 .
  • the following takes an inductor branch as an example to introduce.
  • the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm realizes ZVS
  • the maximum value that the turn-off current in the lagging bridge arm can reach is set to the threshold current I 4
  • the threshold current I 4 is greater than The preset current I 0 .
  • Different output powers of the inverter circuit 201 correspond to different preset currents I 0 and threshold currents I 4 .
  • the angle ⁇ 0 to a predetermined threshold value and the angle ⁇ 1 is divided into three sequentially limit
  • the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm cannot achieve ZVS, and the inductive branch needs to inject a larger inductive current, and the controller controls the first The inductor branch and the second inductor branch are both connected, and sufficient inductive current is injected into the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm; when the current phase shift angle of the inverter circuit is within the second phase shift angle interval, the lagging bridge arm can be The control switch tube cannot realize ZVS. At this time, the controller controls either the first inductance branch or the second inductance branch to turn on, and injects an inductive current into the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm, which can make the lagging bridge arm controllable.
  • the switch tube realizes ZVS; when the current phase shift angle of the inverter circuit is in the third phase shift angle interval, that is, when the current phase shift angle is in the phase shift angle interval greater than the preset angle, the lagging bridge arm can be
  • the control switch tube has been able to achieve ZVS, and the inductor branch can be turned off to reduce power consumption.
  • setting the preset current I 0 and the threshold current I 4 can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, a certain current value smaller than I 0 but closer to I 0 can be set as the preset current, or smaller than I 4 But a certain current value closer to I 4 is set as the threshold current, so that when the current phase shift angle is exactly less than ⁇ 0 (just in the second phase shift angle interval), make sure that the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm is able to Realize ZVS; or when the current is slightly less than I 4 , ensure that only one inductance branch is turned on to enable the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm to realize ZVS.
  • the following describes the working principle of the controller controlling the on or off of the switch in the inductance branch according to the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm or the current flowing into the compensation circuit at the time when the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off.
  • FIG. 5c is a circuit diagram of another impedance adjustment branch including two inductance branches provided in the second embodiment of the application.
  • the circuit provided in this embodiment also includes a current detection circuit 306.
  • the current detection circuit 306 is used to detect the current flowing into the compensation circuit or the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm when the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off, and flows into the compensation circuit at the time when the controllable switching tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off.
  • the current or the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm is sent to the controller.
  • the current detection circuit 306 detects that the current flowing into the compensation circuit when the controllable switch of the lagging bridge arm is turned off is I 3 , and the current I 3 is equal to the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm.
  • the controller compares I 3 with the interval value of the current, and I 3 falls into a different interval, correspondingly controlling the closing of different numbers of inductive branches.
  • the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm cannot achieve ZVS and requires a larger inductive current.
  • the controller controls both the first inductance branch and the second inductance branch to be connected to the lagging bridge arm.
  • I 4 > I 3 > I 0 the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm cannot realize soft switching. At this time, the controller only needs to control the first inductive branch or the second inductive branch.
  • any one of the lagging bridge arms is turned on, enough inductive current can be injected into the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm; when I 3 ⁇ I 0 , the controllable switching tube of the lagging bridge arm can achieve ZVS, and the controller turns off the inductive branch to reduce Power consumption.
  • the current detection circuit 306 can detect the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm when the controllable switching tube of the lagging bridge arm is turned off and send the detection result to the controller.
  • the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm when the controllable switch is turned off and the current closed number of inductance branches obtain the current flowing into the compensation circuit, and then the difference between the current flowing into the compensation circuit and the preset current is obtained, and the inductance is controlled according to the difference
  • the difference between the turn-on and turn-off of the switches in the branches corresponds to closing different numbers of inductive branches.
  • the at least one inductor branch of the wireless charging and transmitting device provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes a first diode and a second diode, wherein the anode of the first diode is connected to the common terminal of the inductor and the switch in the inductor branch ,
  • the cathode of the first diode is connected to the positive DC bus at the output of the DC power supply;
  • the cathode of the second diode is connected to the common terminal of the inductor and the switch in the inductor branch, and the anode of the second diode is connected to the negative DC at the output of the DC power supply
  • the bus bar, the first diode and the second diode form a diode clamp circuit, which will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
  • Fig. 6a is a circuit diagram in which the regulating branch includes an inductive branch and a diode clamp circuit exists on the inductive branch.
  • inverter circuit 201 the transmitting coil 202, the DC power supply 205, the compensation circuit 206, and the controller (not shown in FIG. 6a) can refer to the first embodiment of the device, which will not be repeated here.
  • the impedance adjusting circuit 503 includes an inductance branch, which includes an inductance L and a switch K connected in series, and the inductance branch also includes a first diode D1 and a second diode D2, wherein the first diode D1 The anode is connected to the common terminal of the inductor L and the switch K, the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the positive DC bus of the DC power supply 205, the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the common terminal of the inductor L and the switch K, and the second diode The anode of the tube D2 is connected to the negative DC bus of the DC power supply 205.
  • the diode clamp circuit can also stabilize the voltage U B of the common terminal B of the inductor L and the switch K within a safe range.
  • the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 as silicon tubes as an example.
  • the conduction voltage drop of the tube is 0.7V
  • the positive DC bus voltage of the DC power supply 205 is U C
  • the negative DC bus voltage of the DC power supply 205 is U D.
  • the impedance adjustment circuit may also include multiple inductance branches connected in parallel, all the inductance branches are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch, and the above-mentioned diode clamping circuit may be added to at least one of the inductance branches, so that when each includes When the switch of the inductance branch of the diode clamp circuit is turned off, it can provide a freewheeling path for the inductance on the inductance branch, and can also limit the voltage peak value of each inductance branch to be stabilized within a safe range, improving the reliability of the circuit Sex and stability.
  • the adjustment branch includes at least the following two inductance branches: the first inductance branch and the second inductance branch as an example.
  • FIG. 6b is a circuit diagram when the adjustment branch includes two inductance branches and a diode clamp circuit exists on the first inductance branch.
  • inverter circuit 201 the transmitting coil 202, the DC power supply 205, the compensation circuit 206, and the controller (not shown in FIG. 6b) can be found in the first embodiment of the device, which will not be repeated here.
  • the impedance adjusting circuit 603 includes two inductance branches.
  • the first inductance branch includes a first inductor L1 and a first switch K1 connected in series, and also includes a first diode D3 and a second diode D4, wherein the first and second The anode of the pole tube D3 is connected to the common terminal of the first inductor L1 and the first switch K1 in the first inductance branch, the cathode of the first diode D3 is connected to the positive DC bus of the DC power supply 205, and the cathode of the second diode D4 The common terminal of the first inductor L1 and the first switch K1 in the first inductor branch is connected, and the anode of the second diode D4 is connected to the negative DC bus of the DC power supply 205.
  • the second inductor branch includes a second inductor L2 and a second switch K2 connected in series.
  • the diode clamping circuit includes the first diode D3 and the second diode D4, please refer to the related introduction of the corresponding part of the circuit shown in FIG. 6a, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram in which the adjustment branch includes two inductance branches and a diode clamp circuit exists on the second inductance branch.
  • the second inductive branch of the circuit shown in Figure 7 includes a first diode D5 and a second diode D6, wherein the anode of the first diode D5 Connect the common terminal of the second inductor L2 and the second switch K2 in the second inductor branch, the cathode of the first diode D5 is connected to the positive DC bus of the DC power supply 205, and the cathode of the second diode D6 is connected to the second inductor branch
  • the common terminal of the second inductor L2 and the second switch K2 in the circuit, and the anode of the second diode D6 is connected to the negative DC bus of the DC power supply 205.
  • the diode clamping circuit includes the first diode D5 and the second diode D6, please refer to the related introduction of the corresponding part of the circuit shown in FIG. 6a, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG 8 is a circuit diagram in which the regulating branch includes two inductive branches and each inductive branch has a diode clamping circuit.
  • the first inductor branch of the circuit shown in FIG. 8 includes a first inductor L1 and a first switch K1 connected in series, and also includes a first diode D3 and a second diode D4, wherein the anode of the first diode D3 is connected
  • the common terminal of the first inductor L1 and the first switch K1 the cathode of the first diode D3 is connected to the positive DC bus of the DC power supply 205
  • the cathode of the second diode D4 is connected to the common terminal of the first inductor L1 and the first switch K1 End, the anode of the second diode D4 is connected to the negative DC bus of the DC power supply 205.
  • the second inductor branch includes a second inductor L2 and a second switch K2 connected in series, and also includes a first diode D5 and a second diode D6, wherein the anode of the first diode D5 is connected to the second inductor L2 and the The common terminal of the two switches K2, the cathode of the first diode D5 is connected to the positive DC bus of the DC power supply 205, the cathode of the second diode D6 is connected to the common terminal of the second inductor L2 and the second switch K2, and the second diode The anode of the tube D6 is connected to the negative DC bus of the DC power supply 205.
  • the diode clamping circuit formed by the first diode D3 and the second diode D4 acts on the first inductive branch
  • the diode clamping circuit formed by the first diode D5 and the second diode D6 acts on the second
  • the wireless charging and transmitting device adds a first diode and a second diode to at least one inductance branch, and two diodes are used to form a diode clamping circuit.
  • the inductance branch with the diode clamping circuit When the switch is off, it can provide a freewheeling path for the inductance in the inductance branch, and can maintain the voltage of the common terminal of the inductance and the switch in the inductance branch to be stable within a safe range, which has the function of protecting the circuit.
  • the adjustment branch includes at least the following two inductance branches: a first inductance branch and a second inductance branch as an example, where the first inductance branch includes a series-connected first inductance branch. An inductor and a first switch, and the second inductor branch includes a second inductor and a second switch connected in series. It can be understood that when the number of inductor branches included in the adjustment branch is expanded to more, its working principle is different from that of only including The working principle of the two inductive branches is similar.
  • the adjustment branch includes the following two inductance branches: the first inductance branch and the second inductance branch as an example to specifically introduce the method of determining the inductance of the inductance in the inductance branch. It is understandable that this method It can be extended to be applied to the circuit scenario when the regulating branch includes more parallel inductive branches.
  • Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram of a wireless charging transmitter with an output power of 10kW.
  • inverter circuit 201 The description of the inverter circuit 201, the transmitting coil 202, the impedance adjusting circuit 803, the DC power supply 205, and the controller (not shown in FIG. 9) can be found in the relevant introduction of the corresponding part of the circuit shown in FIG. 8, and will not be repeated here. .
  • the compensation circuit 206 in the transmitting device can be of the LCL type or the LCC type.
  • the compensation circuit of the LCC type shown in FIG. 9 includes an inductor L3, a capacitor C4, a capacitor C5, and a capacitor C6.
  • the type of compensation circuit is not specifically limited in this application.
  • Figure 10 is the relationship curve between the current I 1 and the phase shift angle at the time S2 is turned off when the device in Figure 9 is not connected to the inductive branch and works at a constant full power of 10kW.
  • the relationship curve can be obtained by simulation .
  • the AC component of the voltage applied to the inductor is a square wave voltage with a switching period T SW and an amplitude of U bus /2.
  • the waveform of the inductor current is a positive and negative symmetrical triangular wave. Therefore, according to the relationship between the inductor current and voltage, The formula (4) can be obtained:
  • the adjustment branch includes two parallel inductance branches, and L MAX is the inductance value of the first inductance L1 and the second inductance L2 in parallel.
  • the inductances of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 can be both 53.8 ⁇ H.
  • the peak current injected by the regulating branch to the lagging bridge arm is 17.5A
  • the peak current injected into the lagging bridge arm by the regulating branch is 35A.
  • the controller When the controller detects that the inverter output power is 10kW, it calls the pre-stored curve as shown in Figure 10, and sets the preset phase shift angle according to the curve.
  • the phase shift angle is 2.4756rad
  • the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm can realize ZVS by itself without connecting the inductance branch; when the phase shift angle is between 2.4756rad ⁇ 1.6rad, one needs to be connected
  • the inductance branch enables the controllable switch of the lagging bridge arm to realize ZVS; when the phase shift angle is below 1.6rad, two inductance branches need to be connected to make the controllable switch of the lagging bridge arm realize ZVS.
  • the curve of the corresponding relationship shown in Figure 10 can be obtained in advance through simulation at different powers and stored in the controller.
  • the inverter detects that the current output power is 7.7kW, 3.3kW or other power levels, pass The method of looking up the table calls the current corresponding curve, and sets the preset angle required for switching the inductance, and the controller then sets the inductance on and off according to the current preset angle.
  • the adjustment branch only fixedly includes the above two inductance branches, although the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm can achieve ZVS under certain phase shift angles, it will cause the adjustment branch to inject the inductive current of the lagging bridge arm.
  • the effective value is too large, thereby increasing the switching loss of the controllable switch on the lagging bridge arm.
  • the number of parallel inductor branches in the branch can be adjusted, and the amount of current injected into the lagging bridge arm can be controlled by controlling the number of inductance branches that are turned on, so that the inductor current injected into the lagging bridge arm by the adjustment branch and the shift Phase angle matching.
  • This embodiment specifically introduces the connection relationship between the first end of the adjusting branch and the output end of the DC power supply.
  • the first end of the adjusting branch can be directly connected to the midpoint of the DC bus of the output end of the DC power supply.
  • FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram when the first end of the adjusting branch is connected to the midpoint of the DC bus of the DC power supply.
  • inverter circuit 201 the transmitting coil 202, the DC power supply 205, the compensation circuit 206, and the controller (not shown in FIG. 11) can be found in the first embodiment of the device, which will not be repeated here.
  • the impedance adjustment circuit 1003 includes a first inductance branch and a second inductance branch.
  • the two inductance branches are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch.
  • the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the midpoint of the DC bus at the output end of the DC power supply.
  • the impedance adjusting branch when the first end of the adjusting branch is connected to the midpoint of the DC bus at the output end of the DC power supply, the impedance adjusting branch also includes a first DC blocking capacitor, and the first end of the adjusting branch passes through The first DC blocking capacitor is connected to the midpoint of the DC bus at the output end of the power supply, which will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
  • FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of another wireless charging and transmitting device provided by Embodiment 6 of the device of this application.
  • inverter circuit 201 the transmitting coil 202, the DC power supply 205, the compensation circuit 206, and the controller (not shown in FIG. 12) can refer to the first embodiment of the device, which will not be repeated here.
  • the impedance adjusting circuit 1003 includes a first inductance branch and a second inductance branch, wherein the first inductance branch includes a first inductance L1 and a first switch K1 connected in series, and the second inductance branch includes a second inductance L2 and a second inductor in series. With the two switches K2, the first inductance branch and the second inductance branch are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch. The first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the midpoint of the DC bus of the DC power supply 205 through the first DC blocking capacitor C1.
  • a diode clamping circuit including a first diode and a second diode can also be added to at least one inductance branch.
  • a diode clamping circuit including a first diode and a second diode can also be added to at least one inductance branch.
  • the phase of the current in the lagging bridge arm needs to lag the phase of the output voltage of the inverter circuit 201, and the inductance branch is used to lag An appropriate inductive current is injected into the bridge arm to keep the current phase in the lagging bridge arm lagging behind the phase of the output voltage of the lagging bridge arm of the inverter circuit 201. But at the same time, the direct current component in the inductance branch will also be injected into the lagging bridge arm.
  • the direct current component will increase the effective value of the current in the lagging bridge arm, thereby increasing the conduction loss and switching loss of the controllable switch in the lagging bridge arm. Therefore, the wireless charging transmitter provided by the embodiment of the present application adds a first DC blocking capacitor to the impedance adjusting circuit, and connects the first end of the adjusting branch to the midpoint of the DC bus through the first DC blocking capacitor to filter out the adjusting branch.
  • the direct current component in the circuit reduces the increase in the effective value of the current in the lagging bridge arm, thereby reducing the conduction loss and switching loss of the controllable switch tube in the lagging bridge arm.
  • the impedance adjusting branch When the first end of the adjusting branch of the wireless charging and transmitting device provided by the embodiment of the present application is connected to the positive DC bus of the output end of the DC power supply, the impedance adjusting branch also includes a second DC blocking capacitor, and the first end of the adjusting branch passes through the first end of the adjusting branch.
  • the two DC blocking capacitors are connected to the positive DC bus at the output end of the power supply, which will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
  • FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of yet another wireless charging and transmitting device provided by Embodiment 7 of the present application.
  • inverter circuit 201 The description of the inverter circuit 201, the transmitting coil 202, the DC power supply 205, the compensation circuit 206, and the controller (not shown in FIG. 13) can be found in the first embodiment of the device, which will not be repeated here.
  • the impedance adjusting circuit 1303 includes a first inductance branch and a second inductance branch, wherein the first inductance branch includes a first inductance L1 and a first switch K1 connected in series, and the second inductance branch includes a second inductance L2 and a second inductor in series.
  • Two switches K2 the first inductance branch and the second inductance branch are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch, and the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the positive DC bus of the output end of the DC power supply 205 through the second DC blocking capacitor C2.
  • first diode and a second diode can also be added to at least one inductance branch to form a diode clamping circuit.
  • first diode and a second diode can also be added to at least one inductance branch to form a diode clamping circuit.
  • the phase of the current in the lagging bridge arm needs to lag the phase of the output voltage of the inverter circuit 201, and the inductive branch is used to inject appropriate inductive current into the lagging bridge arm.
  • the phase of the current in the lagging arm is kept lagging behind the phase of the output voltage of the lagging arm of the inverter circuit 201.
  • the direct current component in the inductance branch will also be injected into the lagging bridge arm.
  • the direct current component will increase the effective value of the current in the lagging bridge arm, thereby increasing the conduction loss and switching loss of the controllable switch in the lagging bridge arm.
  • the wireless charging transmitter provided by the embodiment of the application adds a second DC blocking capacitor to the impedance adjustment circuit, and connects the first end of the adjustment branch to the positive DC bus of the output terminal of the DC power supply through the second DC blocking capacitor, which can filter out the adjustment
  • the direct current component in the branch reduces the increase in the effective value of the current in the lagging bridge arm, and reduces the conduction loss and switching loss of the controllable switch tube in the lagging bridge arm.
  • the impedance adjusting branch When the first end of the adjusting branch of the wireless charging and transmitting device provided by the embodiment of the present application is connected to the negative DC bus of the output end of the DC power supply, the impedance adjusting branch further includes a third blocking capacitor, and the first end of the adjusting branch passes through the first end of the adjusting branch.
  • Three DC blocking capacitors are connected to the negative DC bus at the output end of the power supply, which will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
  • FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram of another wireless charging and transmitting device provided by Embodiment 8 of the device of this application.
  • inverter circuit 201 the transmitting coil 202, the DC power supply 205, the compensation circuit 206, and the controller (not shown in FIG. 14) can refer to the first embodiment of the device, which will not be repeated here.
  • the impedance adjusting circuit 1503 includes a first inductance branch and a second inductance branch, wherein the first inductance branch includes a first inductance L1 and a first switch K1 connected in series, and the second inductance branch includes a second inductance L2 and a second inductor in series. Two switches K2, the first inductance branch and the second inductance branch are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch, and the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the negative DC bus of the output end of the DC power supply 205 through the third DC blocking capacitor C3.
  • first diode and a second diode can also be added to at least one inductance branch to form a diode clamping circuit.
  • first diode and a second diode can also be added to at least one inductance branch to form a diode clamping circuit.
  • the phase of the current in the lagging bridge arm needs to lag the phase of the output voltage of the inverter circuit 201, and the inductive branch is used to inject appropriate inductive current into the lagging bridge arm.
  • the phase of the current in the lagging arm is kept lagging behind the phase of the output voltage of the lagging arm of the inverter circuit 201.
  • the direct current component in the inductance branch will also be injected into the lagging bridge arm.
  • the direct current component will increase the effective value of the current in the lagging bridge arm, thereby increasing the conduction loss and switching loss of the controllable switch in the lagging bridge arm.
  • the wireless charging transmitter provided by the embodiment of the application adds a third DC blocking capacitor to the impedance adjustment circuit, and the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the negative DC bus of the output terminal of the DC power supply through the third DC blocking capacitor, which can filter out the adjustment
  • the direct current component in the branch reduces the increase in the effective value of the current in the lagging bridge arm, and reduces the conduction loss and switching loss of the controllable switch tube in the lagging bridge arm.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a wireless charging and transmitting device
  • the impedance adjusting branch includes a second DC blocking capacitor and a third DC blocking capacitor at the same time, and the first end of the adjusting branch is connected to the output terminal of the power supply through the second DC blocking capacitor.
  • a positive DC bus, and the first end of the adjusting branch is also connected to the negative DC bus at the output end of the power supply through a third DC blocking capacitor, so that the impedance adjusting circuit can be connected to a DC power supply without a DC bus.
  • FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram of another wireless charging and transmitting device provided in the ninth embodiment of the application device.
  • inverter circuit 201 the transmitting coil 202, the DC power supply 205, the compensation circuit 206, and the controller (not shown in FIG. 15) can refer to the first embodiment of the device, which will not be repeated here.
  • the impedance adjusting circuit 1703 includes a first inductance branch and a second inductance branch, where the first inductance branch includes a first inductance L1 and a first switch K1 connected in series, and the second inductance branch includes a second inductance L2 and a second inductor in series.
  • the second switch K2, the first inductance branch and the second inductance branch are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch.
  • the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the positive DC bus of the output end of the DC power supply 205 through the second DC blocking capacitor C2, and the first end of the adjustment branch is One end is also connected to the negative DC bus of the output end of the DC power supply 205 through the third DC blocking capacitor C3.
  • first diode and a second diode can also be added to at least one inductance branch to form a diode clamping circuit.
  • first diode and a second diode can also be added to at least one inductance branch to form a diode clamping circuit.
  • the phase of the current in the lagging bridge arm needs to lag the phase of the output voltage of the inverter circuit 201, and the inductive branch is used to inject appropriate inductive current into the lagging bridge arm.
  • the phase of the current in the lagging arm is kept lagging behind the phase of the output voltage of the lagging arm of the inverter circuit 201.
  • the direct current component in the inductance branch will also be injected into the lagging bridge arm.
  • the direct current component will increase the effective value of the current in the lagging bridge arm, thereby increasing the conduction loss and switching loss of the controllable switch in the lagging bridge arm.
  • the wireless charging transmitter provided by the embodiment of the application adds a second DC blocking capacitor and a third DC blocking capacitor to the impedance adjustment circuit, and the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the positive DC bus of the power output terminal through the second DC blocking capacitor ,
  • the first end of the adjusting branch is connected to the negative DC bus at the output end of the DC power supply through a third DC blocking capacitor, so that the impedance adjusting circuit can be connected to the DC power supply without a DC bus, and it can also filter the DC components in the adjusting branch to reduce
  • the increase in the effective value of the current in the small lagging bridge arm reduces the conduction loss and switching loss of the controllable switch in the lagging bridge arm.
  • the impedance adjusting branch When the first end of the adjusting branch of the wireless charging transmitter provided by the embodiment of the present application is connected to the midpoint of the DC bus at the output end of the DC power supply, the impedance adjusting branch also includes a third DC blocking capacitor, and the first end of the adjusting branch passes The third DC blocking capacitor is connected to the midpoint of the DC bus at the output end of the power supply, which will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
  • FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of another wireless charging and transmitting device provided by Embodiment 10 of the device of this application.
  • inverter circuit 201 the transmitting coil 202, the DC power supply 205, the compensation circuit 206, and the controller (not shown in FIG. 16) can refer to the first embodiment of the device, which will not be repeated here.
  • the impedance adjusting circuit 1503 includes a first inductance branch and a second inductance branch, wherein the first inductance branch includes a first inductance L1 and a first switch K1 connected in series, and the second inductance branch includes a second inductance L2 and a second inductor in series. Two switches K2, the first inductance branch and the second inductance branch are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch. The first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the midpoint of the DC bus at the output end of the DC power supply 205 through the third DC blocking capacitor C3.
  • first diode and a second diode can also be added to at least one inductance branch to form a diode clamping circuit.
  • first diode and a second diode can also be added to at least one inductance branch to form a diode clamping circuit.
  • the phase of the current in the lagging bridge arm needs to lag the phase of the output voltage of the inverter circuit 201, and the inductive branch is used to inject appropriate inductive current into the lagging bridge arm.
  • the phase of the current in the lagging arm is kept lagging behind the phase of the output voltage of the lagging arm of the inverter circuit 201.
  • the direct current component in the inductance branch will also be injected into the lagging bridge arm.
  • the direct current component will increase the effective value of the current in the lagging bridge arm, thereby increasing the conduction loss and switching loss of the controllable switch in the lagging bridge arm.
  • the wireless charging transmitter provided by the embodiment of the application adds a third DC blocking capacitor to the impedance adjustment circuit, and the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the negative DC bus of the output terminal of the DC power supply through the third DC blocking capacitor, which can filter out the adjustment
  • the direct current component in the branch reduces the increase in the effective value of the current in the lagging bridge arm, and reduces the conduction loss and switching loss of the controllable switch tube in the lagging bridge arm.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a wireless charging control method, which is applied to the wireless charging transmitting device introduced in the above embodiment, and the wireless charging transmitting device includes: an inverter circuit, a transmitting coil, an impedance adjusting circuit, and a controller.
  • the inverter circuit is used to invert the direct current output by the direct current power supply into alternating current.
  • the inverter circuit includes a leading bridge arm and a lagging bridge arm, wherein the voltage phase of the leading bridge arm leads the lagging bridge in the same period The voltage phase of the arm.
  • the transmitting coil is used to receive alternating current and generate an alternating magnetic field.
  • the impedance adjusting circuit includes at least one inductance branch.
  • Each inductance branch includes an inductance and a switch connected in series. All the inductance branches are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch. The first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the output port of the DC power supply. The second end of the branch is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm.
  • wireless charging transmitting device please refer to the above-mentioned embodiment of the wireless charging transmitting device, which will not be repeated here.
  • the method includes:
  • the on or off of the switch in the inductance branch is controlled to change the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm, so that the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm realizes ZVS.
  • the controller can specifically control the on-off of the inductor branch through the following two methods:
  • the controller controls the on or off of the switches in the inductance branch according to the current phase shift angle and output power of the inverter circuit;
  • the phase shift angle refers to the midpoint voltage of the leading bridge arm and the lagging bridge arm The phase difference between the midpoint voltages.
  • S1703 Control the on or off of the switch in the inductor branch according to the phase shift angle interval, and different phase shift angle intervals correspond to turn on a different number of inductor branches.
  • the corresponding relationship between the movement angle corresponding to the output power and the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm is searched.
  • the number of inductance branches matching the current phase shift angle can be determined, and the switch in the determined number of inductance branches is controlled by the controller to turn on or off, which is a lagging bridge arm Inject enough inductive current to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm to realize ZVS.
  • the second type is the first type:
  • the switch in the inductance branch is controlled to be turned on or off.
  • controller controls the turn-on or turn-off of the switch in the inductor branch according to the current flowing into the compensation circuit according to the turn-off time of the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm, specifically:
  • the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm is defined as positive and S2 is turned off as an example.
  • the controller is used to control the on or off of the switch in the inductive branch to change the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm, and control the number of inductive branches that are turned on.
  • the magnitude of the current injected into the lagging bridge arm so that the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm realizes ZVS.
  • the controller controls the inductive branch to connect to the lagging bridge arm.
  • the adjustment branch includes multiple inductance branches connected in parallel, the controller can control the on and off of the switches in each inductance branch to realize the different inductances presented by the impedance adjustment circuit, and the inductance of the impedance adjustment circuit is different.
  • the magnitude of the inductive current injected by the lagging bridge arm is different.
  • the process of the controller switching the inductance branch does not affect the power transmission of the wireless charging transmitter, which improves the stability and reliability of the wireless charging transmitter.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a wireless charging system, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a wireless charging system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the system includes: a wireless charging receiving device 200 and a wireless charging receiving device 2000.
  • the wireless charging and transmitting device 200 may be any one of the above-mentioned device embodiments.
  • the wireless charging and transmitting device 200 at least includes: an inverter circuit 201, a transmitting coil 202, an impedance adjusting circuit 203, and a controller 204.
  • the wireless charging receiving device 2000 is configured to receive the alternating magnetic field emitted by the wireless charging transmitting device, and convert the alternating magnetic field into direct current to provide electrical equipment, which specifically includes: a coil 2001, a rectifier 2002, and electrical equipment 2003.
  • the inverter circuit 201 inverts the DC power output by the DC power supply 205 into AC power.
  • the inverter circuit 201 includes a leading bridge arm and a lagging bridge arm. The voltage phase of the leading bridge arm is ahead of the voltage phase of the lagging bridge arm.
  • the transmitting coil 202 transmits alternating current in the form of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the impedance adjusting circuit 203 includes at least one inductance branch.
  • Each inductance branch includes an inductor and a switch connected in series. All the inductance branches are connected in parallel to form an adjustment branch.
  • the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the DC power supply 205.
  • the output port, the second end of the adjustment branch is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm.
  • the controller 204 is used to control the on-off state of the switches in the inductor branch according to the phase shift angle.
  • the phase shift angle refers to the phase difference between the midpoint voltage of the leading bridge arm and the midpoint voltage of the lagging bridge arm.
  • the receiving coil 2001 receives the electromagnetic energy emitted by the transmitting coil 202 in the form of an alternating magnetic field.
  • the rectifier 2002 rectifies the AC power output by the receiving coil 2001 into DC power and outputs it to the electrical equipment.
  • the wireless charging transmitter of the wireless charging system adds an impedance adjustment circuit and a controller, wherein the impedance adjustment circuit includes at least one inductance branch, and each inductance branch includes an inductor and a switch connected in series, and all the inductance branches are connected in parallel with each other After that, an adjustment branch is formed.
  • the first end of the adjustment branch is connected to the output port of the DC power supply, and the second end of the adjustment branch is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm.
  • inductive current can be injected into the lagging bridge arm to increase the hysteresis.
  • the inductive current component of the bridge arm When the phase shift angle is large, the inverter circuit itself can realize the ZVS of the controllable switch tube.
  • the switch tube realizes ZVS.
  • the wireless charging transmitter provided in the embodiment of the present application controls the inductive branch to be connected to the lagging bridge arm when it is necessary to inject an inductive current into the lagging bridge arm.
  • the controller can determine whether the inductive branch is connected to the midpoint of the lagging bridge arm according to the phase shift angle, that is, when the switch of the control inductive branch is closed, the inductive branch is connected to the lagging The midpoint of the bridge arm injects inductive current into the lagging bridge arm.
  • the controller can control the different on-off combinations of switches in each inductance branch to realize the size of the inductance presented by the impedance adjustment circuit.
  • the inductance of the impedance adjustment circuit is different, then The magnitude of the inductive current injected into the lagging bridge arm is different.
  • the controller can control the amount of current injected into the lagging bridge arm by controlling the number of conductive branches, so as to match the injected inductor current with the phase shift angle and avoid connecting The input inductance is too large, which increases power consumption.
  • the controller is used to control the on or off of the switch in the inductive branch to change the current flowing out of the lagging bridge arm, and control the number of inductive branches that are turned on.
  • the magnitude of the current injected into the lagging bridge arm so that the controllable switch tube of the lagging bridge arm realizes ZVS.
  • the controller controls the inductance branch to connect to the lagging bridge arm.
  • the adjustment branch includes multiple inductance branches connected in parallel, the controller can control the on and off of the switches in each inductance branch to realize the different inductances presented by the impedance adjustment circuit, and the inductance of the impedance adjustment circuit is different.
  • the magnitude of the inductive current injected by the lagging bridge arm is different.
  • the process of the controller switching the inductance branch does not affect the power transmission of the wireless charging transmitter, which improves the stability and reliability of the wireless charging transmitter.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an electric device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the electrical equipment 2100 includes a power consumption element 2101, a battery 2102, and a wireless charging receiving device 2000.
  • the wireless charging receiving device 2000 is used to receive the alternating magnetic field emitted by the wireless charging transmitting device 200, and is also used to convert the alternating magnetic field into direct current to charge the battery 2102.
  • the battery 2102 is used to supply power to the power consumption element 2101.
  • the electrical equipment may be an electric vehicle as shown in Figure 2a.
  • the electrical equipment uses the wireless charging transmitter provided in this application for wireless charging. Because the wireless charging transmitter can achieve ZVS at different phase shift angles, it can also be online (Live) Adjust the phase shift angle to adapt to different coupling coefficients, output voltage, output current and target power conditions, avoid interrupting the power transmission of the wireless charging transmitter when adjusting the phase shift angle, and improve the use of electric equipment in the wireless charging process The stability and security.
  • At least one (item) refers to one or more, and “multiple” refers to two or more.
  • “And/or” is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three types of relationships, for example, “A and/or B” can mean: only A, only B, and both A and B , Where A and B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the associated objects are in an “or” relationship.
  • the following at least one item (a)” or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (a) or plural items (a).
  • At least one (a) of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", “a and c", “b and c", or "a and b and c" ", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于电动汽车的无线充电发射装置、发射方法及无线充电系统,装置包括:逆变电路(201),将直流电源输出的直流电逆变为交流电,逆变电路包括超前桥臂和滞后桥臂,其中同一个周期内超前桥臂的电压相位超前于滞后桥臂的电压相位;补偿电路(206),将逆变电路输出的交流电进行补偿后发送给发射线圈;发射线圈(202),接收交流电并产生交变磁场;阻抗调节电路(203)包括至少一个电感支路,每个电感支路包括串联连接的电感(L)和开关(K),所有电感支路相互并联后形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端连接直流电源的输出端口,调节支路的第二端连接滞后桥臂的中点;控制器(204),用于控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出滞后桥臂的电流,使滞后桥臂的可控开关管(S1,S2)实现零电压开关。

Description

无线充电发射装置、发射方法及无线充电系统 技术领域
本发明涉及电力电子技术领域,尤其涉及一种无线充电发射装置、发射方法及无线充电系统。
背景技术
随着现代社会能源短缺和环境污染问题的加剧,电动汽车作为新能源汽车受到了各界的广泛关注。电动汽车是以车载动力电池组为能源来驱动车辆行驶。但现有电动汽车大多受到动力电池组容量的限制,行驶里程较短,同时电动汽车的动力电池组充电时间较长,而且充电站较少,因此导致电动汽车还没有大范围应用和普及。
电动汽车的充电方式目前包括接触式充电和无线充电,而无线充电方式由于使用方便,无火花以及触电危险,因此无线充电成为未来电动汽车的发展方向。
下面结合附图1介绍无线充电系统的工作原理。
参见图1,该图为一种无线充电系统的示意图。
无线充电系统包括无线发射装置和无线接收装置。
其中,无线发射装置位于发射端,无线接收装置位于接收端。
发射端包括:逆变器H1、发射端LCL补偿电路100和发射线圈Ct;
逆变器H1包括可控开关管S1-S4,逆变器H1用于将直流电源输出的直流电逆变为交流电。
发射线圈Ct,用于将逆变器H1输出的交流电以交变磁场的形式进行发射。
接收端包括:接收线圈Cr、接收端补偿电路200和整流器H2。
整流器H2包括可控开关管Q1-Q4。
接收线圈Cr,用于以交变磁场的形式接收发射线圈Ct发射的电磁能量。
整流器H2,用于将接收线圈Cr输出的交流电整流为直流电输出给负载。
其中,接收端的控制器300与发射端的控制器400进行无线通讯。
目前,为了提高无线充电的效率,希望H1中的可控开关管实现零电压开关(ZVS,Zero Voltage Switching)以此来降低可控开关管工作时的功耗。具体可以通过调节H1的输入电压使H1在所有工况下实现ZVS。但是,调节H1的输入电压需要在H1的输入端额外增加直流变换电路,这样将会增加无线发射装置的体积和成本。虽然,通过调节H1移相也可以实现H1的输出电压的调节。但是,不能保证在H1的各种输出电压下可控开关管都可以实现ZVS,而可控开关管一旦失去ZVS就会导致H1的开关损耗比较大,甚至损坏。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的以上技术问题,本申请提供了一种无线充电发射装置,其逆变电路在不同的移相角度或在滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻的电流不同时,均能够实现ZVS,降低开关损耗,提高无线充电的效率。另外,本申请还提供了一种应用于该无线充电发射装置的发射方法及无线充电系统。
第一方面,本申请提供了一种无线充电发射装置,包括:逆变电路、发射线圈、阻抗调节电路、控制器和补偿电路;其中,逆变电路将直流电源输出的直流电逆变为交流电,逆变电路包括超前桥臂和滞后桥臂,其中同一个周期内超前桥臂的电压相位超前于滞后桥臂的电压相位;补偿电路将逆变电路输出的交流电进行补偿后发送给发射线圈;发射线圈用于接收交流电并产生交变磁场;阻抗调节电路包括至少一个电感支路,即电感支路可以为一个,也可以为多个,每个电感支路包括串联连接的电感和开关,所有电感支路相互并联后形成调节支路,调节支路的两端分别连接直流电源的输出端口和滞后桥臂的中点;控制器通过控制电感支路中开关的开断状态来改变流出滞后桥臂的电流,使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS。
本申请中通过增加电感支路,控制器可以控制各个电感支路中开关的通断,进而调节阻抗调节电路呈现出不同的电感大小,来改变向滞后桥臂注入的感性电流大小,从而使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS。由于控制器可以控制电感支路接入,也可以控制电感支路断开,即根据逆变电路实际运行时的需要来控制电感支路是否接入,有些工况,逆变电路的滞后桥臂自身可以实现ZVS,因此不需求接入任何电感支路,此时控制器可以控制所有电感支路断开,从而避免电感支路接入造成额外功耗,因此,该方式控制灵活,可以在需要接入时实现ZVS,在滞后桥臂不需要接入电感支路时,控制电感支路断开,从而降低功耗。并且控制器切换电感支路的过程不影响无线充电发射装置的功率传输,提高了无线充电发射装置的稳定性与可靠性。
结合第一方面,在第一种可能的实现方式中,控制器根据逆变电路当前的移相角度和输出功率,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断;移相角度是指超前桥臂的中点电压和滞后桥臂的中点电压之间的相位差。
结合第一方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第二种可能的实现方式中,控制器根据输出功率查找移相角度与滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出滞后桥臂的电流之间的对应关系;不同的输出功率对应不同的对应关系;通过查找出的对应关系获得逆变电路当前的移相角度位于的移相角度区间,根据移相角度区间控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断,不同的移相角度区间对应导通不同数目的电感支路。
可以预先通过仿真获得不同输出功率时对应的移相角度与流出滞后桥臂的电流的对应关系,存储在控制器中,当实际运行时,控制器可以实时根据当前的输出功率查找对应的对应关系,根据找出的对应关系确定当前的移相角度位于的区间,由于不同的区间对应闭合不同数目的电感支路,因此,可以根据当前的移相角度位于的区间控制对应数目的电感支路闭合。由于预先仿真获得移相角度和流出滞后桥臂的电流的对应关系,因此,实际运行过程中,可以降低控制器的任务量,不必计算,直接查找即可,响应速度快,提高控制器的运行性能。
结合第一方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第三种可能的实现方式中,控制器可以根据滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流来控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断,也可以根据流出滞后桥臂的电流来控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断。下面分别进行介绍:
结合第一方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第四种可能的实现方式中,控制器获得滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流与预设电流的差值,根据差值控制电感支路中开关的导通和关断,差值不同对应闭合不同数目的电感支路。
已经存在闭合的电感支路时,可以直接测量流入补偿电路的电流,将流入补偿电路的电流与预设电流做差,根据差值来控制电感支路的通断情况。
结合第一方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第五种可能的实现方式中,控制器根据滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出滞后桥臂的电流与当前的电感支路的闭合数目可以获得流入补偿电路的电流,然后获得流入补偿电路的电流与预设电流的差值,根据差值控制电感支路中开关的导通和关断,差值不同对应闭合不同数目的电感支路。
以上介绍的根据电流直接控制电感支路通断的情况,相比于根据移相角度和输出功率控制电感支路时,节省了预先的仿真过程,而是直接通过电流检测电路进行电流检测,准确性更符合实际产品。
结合第一方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第六种可能的实现方式中,调节支路的第一端连接直流电源的输出端的正直流母线或负直流母线或者直流母线中点,调节支路第一端与直流电源的不同连接方式可以根据实际直流电源的条件进行设置。
结合第一方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第七种可能的实现方式中,阻抗调节电路还包括:第一隔直电容;调节支路的第一端通过第一隔直电容连接直流母线中点,第一隔直电容可以滤除调节支路中的直流电成分,减小滞后桥臂中的电流有效值增加量,进而降低滞后桥臂中可控开关管的导通损耗以及开关损耗。
结合第一方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第八种可能的实现方式中,阻抗调节电路还包括:第二隔直电容;调节支路的第一端通过第二隔直电容连接正直流母线,第二隔直电容可以滤除调节支路中的直流电成分,减小滞后桥臂中的电流有效值增加量,进而降低滞后桥臂中可控开关管的导通损耗以及开关损耗。
结合第一方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第九种可能的实现方式中,阻抗调节电路还包括:第三隔直电容;调节支路的第一端通过第三隔直电容连接负直流母线,第三隔直电容可以滤除调节支路中的直流电成分,减小滞后桥臂中的电流有效值增加量,进而降低滞后桥臂中可控开关管的导通损耗以及开关损耗。
结合第一方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第九种可能的实现方式中,至少一个电感支路包括:第一二极管和第二二极管;第一二极管的阳极连接电感支路中电感和开关的公共端,第一二极管的阴极连接正直流母线;第二二极管的阴极连接电感支路中电感和开关的公共端,第二二极管的阳极连接负直流母线。
利用两个二极管形成二极管箝位电路,当具有二极管箝位电路的电感支路的开关断开时,能够为该电感支路中的电感提供续流通路,并且能够维持该电感支路中电感和开关的公共端的电压稳定在安全范围内,具有保护电路的作用。
结合第一方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第十种可能的实现方式中,阻抗调节电路包括至少两个电感支路;两个电感支路分别为:第一电感支路和第二电感支路;第一电感支路包括第一电感和第一开关;第一电感的第一端连接直流电源的输出端口, 第一电感的第二端通过第一开关连接滞后桥臂的中点;第二电感支路包括第二电感和第二开关,第二电感的第一端连接直流电源的输出端口,第二电感的第二端通过第二开关连接滞后桥臂的中点。
当阻抗调节电路包括至少两个电感支路时,控制器可以通过调节多条电感支路的导通或关断,使阻抗调节支路为滞后桥臂注入的感性电流与移相角度的匹配更加精确。
第二方面,本申请提供了一种无线充电的控制方法,该方法应用于无线充电发射装置,无线充电发射装置包括:逆变电路、发射线圈、阻抗调节电路和控制器;逆变电路用于将直流电源输出的直流电逆变为交流电,逆变电路包括超前桥臂和滞后桥臂,其中同一个周期内超前桥臂的电压相位超前于滞后桥臂的电压相位;发射线圈用于接收交流电并产生交变磁场;阻抗调节电路包括至少一个电感支路,每个电感支路包括串联连接的电感和开关,所有电感支路相互并联后形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端连接直流电源的输出端口,调节支路的第二端连接滞后桥臂的中点;该方法包括:
控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出滞后桥臂的电流,使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现零电压开关。
本申请中通过增加电感支路,控制器可以控制各个电感支路中开关的通断,进而调节阻抗调节电路呈现出不同的电感大小,来改变向滞后桥臂注入的感性电流大小,从而使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS。由于控制器可以控制电感支路接入,也可以控制电感支路断开,即根据逆变电路实际运行时的需要来控制电感支路是否接入,有些工况,逆变电路的滞后桥臂自身可以实现ZVS,因此不需求接入任何电感支路,此时控制器可以控制所有电感支路断开,从而避免电感支路接入造成额外功耗,因此,该方式控制灵活,可以在需要接入时实现ZVS,在滞后桥臂不需要接入电感支路时,控制电感支路断开,从而降低功耗。并且控制器切换电感支路的过程不影响无线充电发射装置的功率传输,提高了无线充电发射装置的稳定性与可靠性。
结合第二方面,在第一种可能的实现方式中,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出滞后桥臂的电流,具体为:根据逆变电路当前的移相角度和输出功率,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断;移相角度是指超前桥臂的中点电压和滞后桥臂的中点电压之间的相位差。
结合第二方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第二种可能的实现方式中,根据逆变电路当前的移相角度和输出功率,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断,具体为:根据输出功率查找移相角度与滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出滞后桥臂的电流之间的对应关系;不同的输出功率对应不同的对应关系;通过查找出的对应关系获得逆变电路当前的移相角度位于的移相角度区间,根据移相角度区间控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断,不同的移相角度区间对应导通不同数目的电感支路。
可以预先通过仿真获得不同输出功率时对应的移相角度与流出滞后桥臂的电流的对应关系,存储在控制器中,当实际运行时,控制器可以实时根据当前的输出功率查找对应的对应关系,根据找出的对应关系确定当前的移相角度位于的区间,由于不同的区间对应闭合不同数目的电感支路,因此,可以根据当前的移相角度位于的区间控 制对应数目的电感支路闭合。由于预先仿真获得移相角度和流出滞后桥臂的电流的对应关系,因此,实际运行过程中,可以降低控制器的任务量,不必计算,直接查找即可,响应速度快,提高控制器的运行性能。
结合第二方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第三种可能的实现方式中,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出滞后桥臂的电流,具体为:根据滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流或者流出滞后桥臂的电流,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断。
已经存在闭合的电感支路时,可以直接测量流入补偿电路的电流,将流入补偿电路的电流与预设电流做差,根据差值来控制电感支路的通断情况。
结合第二方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第四种可能的实现方式中,根据滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断,具体为:获得滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流与预设电流的差值,根据差值控制电感支路中开关的导通和关断,差值不同对应闭合不同数目的电感支路。
结合第二方面及上述任一种可能的实现方式,在第五种可能的实现方式中,根据流出滞后桥臂的电流,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断,具体为:根据滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出滞后桥臂的电流与当前的电感支路的闭合数目获得流入补偿电路的电流,获得流入补偿电路的电流与预设电流的差值,根据差值控制电感支路中开关的导通和关断,差值不同对应闭合不同数目的电感支路。
以上介绍的根据电流直接控制电感支路通断的情况,相比于根据移相角度和输出功率控制电感支路时,节省了预先的仿真过程,而是直接通过电流检测电路进行电流检测,准确性更符合实际产品。
第三方面,本申请提供了一种无线充电系统,包括无线充电接收装置和以上的无线充电发射装置;无线充电接收装置用于接收无线充电发射装置发射的交变磁场,并将交变磁场转换为直流电提供为用电设备。
由于该无线充电系统包括了以上介绍的无线充电发射装置,降低了该无线充电发射装置的开关损耗,提升了无线充电发射的效率,提高了无线充电发射装置的稳定性与可靠性。
第四方面,本申请提供了一种用电设备,包括耗电元件、电池以及无线充电接收装置;无线充电接收装置,用于接收以上的无线充电发射装置发射的交变磁场;无线充电接收装置用于将交变磁场转换为直流电为电池进行充电;电池用于为耗电元件供电。该用电设备可以为电动汽车,其中无线充电接收装置可以位于电动汽车上,无线充电发射装置可以位于地面。
由于该用电设备可以利用以上介绍的无线充电发射装置进行充电,在无线充电发射装置调节移相角度时不会中断功率传输,该用电设备在无线充电过程中的具有较高的稳定性与安全性。
与现有技术相比,本发明至少具有以下优点:
该无线充电发射装置添加了阻抗调节电路和控制器。阻抗调节电路包括至少一个电感 支路,每个电感支路包括串联连接的电感和开关,所有电感支路之间相互并联后形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端连接直流电源的输出端口,调节支路的第二端连接滞后桥臂的中点,在需要的时候可以为滞后桥臂注入感性电流,增大滞后桥臂的感性电流成分。控制器控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出所述滞后桥臂的电流,以使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS。因为需要控制滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS,因此需要控制滞后桥臂自身的电流。本申请中的电感支路可以为一个,也可以为多个。本申请是在需要向滞后桥臂注入感性电流时,才控制相应数目的电感支路接入滞后桥臂,进而改变流出滞后桥臂的电流,即滞后桥臂自身的电流。当调节支路包括一个电感支路时,控制器可以控制该电感支路是否接入滞后桥臂的中点,即控制该电感支路的开关闭合时该电感支路接入滞后桥臂的中点,进而向滞后桥臂注入感性电流。当调节支路包括并联在一起的多个电感支路时,控制器可以通过控制各个电感支路中开关的通断以调节阻抗调节电路呈现电感的大小,阻抗调节电路的电感大小不同,则向滞后桥臂注入的感性电流大小不同。控制器可以通过控制导通的电感支路的数目控制注入滞后桥臂的电流大小,从而避免接入的电感个数过多,而增加功耗。从而可以降低电感支路带来的功耗,提高了无线充电的效率,同时,控制器切换电感支路的过程不需要中断无线充电发射装置的功率传输,提高了无线充电发射装置功率传输的稳定性与可靠性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请中记载的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为现有技术提供的一种无线充电系统的示意图;
图2a为本申请实施例提供的电动汽车无线充电系统示意图;
图2b为图2a提供的电动汽车无线充电系统的结构示意图;
图2c为本申请装置实施例一提供的一种无线充电发射装置的示意图;
图3a为无线充电发射装置的阻抗调节支路包括一个电感支路的电路图;
图3b为图3a对应的移相角度较大时的波形关系示意图;
图3c为图3a对应的移相角度较小时的波形关系示意图;
图4a为本申请实施例二提供的阻抗调节支路包括一条电感支路时滞后桥臂中的电流I 1与移相角度的关系曲线图;
图4b为本申请提供的另一种阻抗调节支路包括一个电感支路的电路图;
图5a为本申请实施例二提供的阻抗调节支路包括两个电感支路的电路图;
图5b为图5b对应的滞后桥臂中的电流I 1与移相角度的关系曲线图;
图5c为本申请实施例二提供的另一种阻抗调节支路包括两个电感支路的电路图;
图6a为调节支路包括一个电感支路且电感支路上存在二极管箝位电路的电路图;
图6b为调节支路包括两个电感支路且第一电感支路上存在二极管箝位电路的电路图;
图7为调节支路包括两个电感支路且第二电感支路上存在二极管箝位电路的电路图;
图8为调节支路包括两个电感支路且每个电感支路均存在二极管箝位电路的电路图;
图9为一种输出功率为10kW的无线充电发射装置的电路图;
图10为图9中装置不连接电感支路并以10kW恒定功率工作时滞后桥臂中的电流I 1与移相角度的关系曲线图;
图11为调节支路的第一端连接直流电源的直流母线中点的电路图;
图12为本申请装置实施例六提供的另一种无线充电发射装置的电路图;
图13为本申请装置实施例七提供的再一种无线充电发射装置的电路图;
图14为本申请装置实施例八提供的又一种无线充电发射装置的电路图;
图15为本申请装置实施例九提供的另一种无线充电发射装置的电路图;
图16为本申请装置实施例十提供的又一种无线充电发射装置的电路图;
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种无线充电的控制方法的流程图;
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种无线充电系统的示意图;
图19为本申请实施例提供的一种用电设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本申请实施例提供的技术方案,下面先介绍无线充电发射装置的应用场景。
参见图2a,该图为本申请实施例提供的电动汽车无线充电系统的示意图。
该无线充电系统至少可以包括:电动汽车1000和无线充电站1001。电动汽车1000可以包括无线充电接收装置1000a,无线充电站1001可以包括无线充电发射装置1001a。
目前,无线充电系统的充电过程是通过位于电动汽车1000中的无线充电接收装置1000a和位于无线充电站1001中的无线充电发射装置1001a共同工作,来进行非接触式充电。
无线充电站1001具体可以为固定无线充电站、固定无线充电停车位或无线充电道路等。无线充电发射装置1001a可以设置在地面上或者埋于地面下(图2a所示为无线充电发射装置1001a埋于地面之下时的情况),可对位于其上方的电动汽车1000进行无线充电。
无线充电接收装置1000a可以集成在电动汽车1000的底部,当电动汽车1000进入无线充电发射装置1001a的无线充电范围时,即可通过无线充电方式对电动汽车1000进行充电。无线充电接收装置1000a的功率接收天线和整流电路可以集成在一起,也可以分离,分离时整流电路中的整流器通常放在车内。
无线充电发射装置1001a的功率发射天线和逆变器可以集成在一起,也可以分离,此外,非接触式充电可以是无线充电接收装置1000a和无线充电发射装置1001a通过电场或磁场耦合方式进行无线能量传输,具体可为电场感应、磁感应、磁共振或无线辐射方式,本申请实施例对此不做具体限制。进一步地,电动汽车1000和无线充电站1001还可以双向充电,即无线充电站1001通过供电电源向电动汽车1000充电,也可以由电动汽车1000 向供电电源放电。
参见图2b,该图为图2a提供的电动汽车无线充电系统的结构示意图。
图2b示出的无线充电发射装置1001a包括:发射变换模块1001a1、功率发射天线1001a2、发射控制模块1001a3、通讯模块1001a4、认证管理模块1001a5和存储模块1001a6。
无线充电发射装置1000a包括:功率接收天线1000a2、接收控制模块1000a3、接收变换模块1000a1、车辆通讯模块1000a4、储能管理模块1000a5和储能模块1000a6。此外,接收变换模块1000a1可以通过储能管理模块1000a5和储能模块1000a6连接,将接收到的能量用于对储能模块1000a6充电,进一步用于电动汽车的驱动。需要说明的是,储能管理模块1000a5和储能模块1000a6可以位于无线充电接收装置1000a的内部,也可以位于无线充电接收装置1000a外部,本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。
发射变换模块1001a1可以与外部电源连接,将从外部电源中获取的交流电或直流电转换为高频交流电,当外部电源的输入为交流电时,发射变换模块1001a1至少包括功率因数校正单元和逆变器;当外部电源的输入为直流电时,发射变换模块1001a1至少包括逆变器。其中,功率因数校正单元用于使无线充电系统的输入电流相位与电网电压相位一致,减小无线充电系统的谐波含量,提高功率因数值,以减少无线充电系统对电网的污染,提高可靠性,功率因数校正单元还可用于根据后级需求,升高或者降低功率因数校正单元的输出电压。逆变器用于将功率因数校正单元输出的电压转换成高频交流电压后作用在功率发射天线1001a2上,高频交流电压可以提高发射效率及传输距离。图2b以无线充电发射装置1001a外接外部电源为例,可以理解的是,电源还可以是处于无线充电发射装置1001a内部的电源。
功率发射天线1001a2用于将发射变换模块1001a1输出的交流电以交变磁场的形式进行发射。
发射控制模块1001a3可以根据实际无线充电的发射功率需求,控制发射变换模块1001a1的电压、电流和频率变换参数调节,以控制功率发射天线1001a2中高频交流电的电压和电流输出调节。
通讯模块1001a4和车辆通讯模块1000a4用于实现无线充电发射装置1001a和无线充电接收装置1000a之间的无线通讯,包括功率控制信息、故障保护信息、开关机信息、交互认证信息等。一方面,无线充电发射装置1001a可以接收无线充电接收装置1000a发送的电动汽车的属性信息、充电请求和交互认证信息等信息;另一方面,无线充电发射装置1001a还可向无线充电接收装置1000a发送无线充电发射控制信息、交互认证信息、无线充电历史数据信息等。具体地,上述无线通讯的方式可以包括但不仅限于蓝牙(Bluetooth)、无线宽带(WIreless-Fidelity,WiFi)、紫蜂协议(Zigbee)、射频识别技术(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)、远程(Long Range,Lora)无线技术、近距离无线通信技术(Near Field Communication,NFC)中的任意一种或多种的组合。进一步地,通讯模块1001a4还可以与电动汽车的所属用户的智能终端进行通讯,所属用户通过通讯功能实现远程认证和用户信息传输。
认证管理模块1001a5用于无线充电系统中无线充电发射装置1001a与电动汽车的交互认证和权限管理。
存储模块1001a6用于存储无线充电发射装置1001a的充电过程数据、交互认证数据(例如交互认证信息)和权限管理数据(例如权限管理信息)等,其中,交互认证数据和权限管理数据可为出厂设置也可为用户自行设置的,本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。
功率接收天线1000a2,用于以交变磁场的形式接收功率发射天线1001a2发射的电磁能量。无线充电系统中的功率发射天线1001a2和功率接收天线1000a2的补偿电路的结构组合形式有S-S型、P-P型、S-P型、P-S型、LCL-LCL型、LCL-P型等,本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。另外,为了实现无线充电系统的双向充电功能,该无线充电系统中的无线充电发射装置1001a和无线充电接收装置1000a还可同时包含功率接收天线和功率发射天线,具体可为独立式,也可为集成式。
接收变换模块1000a1,用于把功率接收天线1000a2所接收的电磁能量转换成为储能模块1000a6充电所需要的直流电压和直流电流。接收变换模块1000a1至少包括补偿电路和整流器,其中整流器将功率接收天线所接收的高频谐振电流和电压转换成直流电压和直流电流。
接收控制模块1000a3能够根据实际无线充电的接收功率需求,控制接收变换模块1000a1的电压、电流和频率变换参数调节。
无线充电发射装置1001a的逆变器包括逆变电路和补偿电路,其中逆变电路用于将直流电源输出的直流电逆变为交流电。目前,为了提高无线充电的效率,希望无线充电发射装置的逆变电路中的可控开关管实现ZVS,以此来降低可控开关管工作时的功耗。具体可以通过调节逆变器的输入电压,保持移相角度不变,从而使逆变器在所有工况下实现ZVS。但是,调节逆变器的输入电压需要在逆变器的输入端额外增加直流变换电路,这样将会增加无线发射装置的体积和成本。此外,通过调节逆变器移相可以实现逆变器的输出电压的调节,对于超前桥臂其可以在调节过程中实现零电压开关零电压开关,但对于滞后桥臂不能保证逆变器在各种输出电压(不同移相角度)下都可以实现零电压开关,而可控开关管一旦失去零电压开关就会导致逆变器的开关损耗比较大,甚至损坏。
为了解决现有技术存在的上述问题,本申请提供了一种无线充电发射装置,该装置添加了阻抗调节电路和控制器,其中阻抗调节电路包括至少一个电感支路,每个电感支路包括串联连接的电感和开关,所有电感支路相互并联后形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端连接直流电源的输出端口,调节支路的第二端连接滞后桥臂的中点,利用调节支路为滞后桥臂注入感性电流,增大滞后桥臂的感性电流成分。控制器用于控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出所述滞后桥臂的电流,即控制器,通过控制导通的电感支路的数目,进而控制注入滞后桥臂的电流大小,从而使所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现零电压开关。在保证滞后桥臂的可控开关管可以实现零电压开关的前提下,避免因接入的电感数目过多导致功耗增加,同时,控制器切换电感支路的过程不需要中断无线充电发射装置的功率传 输,提高了无线充电发射装置的稳定性与可靠性。本申请的以下说明中可控开关管实现零电压开关即可控开关管实现ZVS。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
装置实施例一:
参见图2c,该图为本申请装置实施例一提供的一种无线充电发射装置的示意图。
本申请实施例提供的无线充电发射装置位于发射端,用于将直流电源输入的直流电转换为交变磁场后发送给无线充电接收装置,无线充电发射装置可以应用于电动汽车领域,用于为电动汽车进行充电,而无线充电接收装置可以位于电动汽车上。
该装置包括:逆变电路201、发射线圈202、阻抗调节电路203、控制器204和补偿电路206。
逆变电路201将直流电源输出的直流电逆变为交流电,逆变电路201包括超前桥臂和滞后桥臂,其中,同一个周期内超前桥臂的电压相位超前于滞后桥臂的电压相位。
补偿电路206将逆变电路201输出的交流电进行补偿后发送给发射线圈202。
图2c中以逆变器电路201包括可控开关管S1-S4为例,其中包括可控开关管S3和S4的桥臂为超前桥臂,包括可控开关管S1和S2的桥臂为滞后桥臂。
发射线圈202将交流电以交变磁场的形式进行发射。
阻抗调节电路203包括至少一个电感支路,每个电感支路包括串联连接的电感和开关,所有电感支路之间相互并联后形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端连接直流电源205的输出端口,调节支路的第二端连接滞后桥臂的中点,即图2c中可控开关管S1和S2之间的A点。由于调节支路与滞后桥臂的中点连接,因此能够为滞后桥臂注入感性电流,增大滞后桥臂的感性电流成分。
控制器204可以控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出所述滞后桥臂的电流,以使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS。
可以理解的是,本申请提供的控制器相当于图2b中的发射控制模块1001a3。
使滞后桥臂的可控开关管S1和S2实现ZVS,需要使流出滞后桥臂中点的电流的相位滞后于逆变电路201的滞后桥臂输出电压(滞后桥臂中点相对于逆变器负母线的压差)的相位,即滞后桥臂输出电压的负载呈现为感性。在调节逆变电路201的移相角度时,会改变流出滞后桥臂的中点电流和逆变电路201的滞后桥臂电压之间的相位关系,进而改变滞后桥臂负载的电抗性,当滞后桥臂由感性电路转变为容性电路时,可控开关管S1和S2不能实现ZVS,本申请通过电感支路向滞后桥臂中注入合适的感性电流,以使滞后桥臂中的电流相位保持滞后于逆变电路201的滞后桥臂输出电压的相位。
可以理解的是,调节支路中包括的电感支路的数量可以继续拓展至更多,以使在不同移相角度下滞后桥臂的可控开关可以实现ZVS。通过控制器控制每条电感支路中开关的通断,改变接通的电感支路的个数(包括0个),进而改变调节支路为滞后桥臂注入 的感性电流的大小。进一步的,通过对每条电感支路中电感的电感量进行合理选择,能够为注入滞后桥臂的感性电流够建立合理的电流梯度,使为滞后桥臂注入的感性电流与移相角度的匹配更加精确,避免当滞后桥臂的可控开关已经实现ZVS时,滞后桥臂中的电流增大过多而加剧滞后桥臂上的可控开关管的导通损耗和开关损耗。
其中,当电感支路为多个时,每个电感支路中电感的电感值可以相等,也可以不相等,具体可以根据需要来设置,本申请中不做具体限定。而且,每个电感支路中的开关类型可以相同,也可以不同。例如,开关类型可以为以下任意一种:继电器、断路器、接触器、绝缘栅双极型晶体管(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor,IGBT)或金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(Metal Oxide Semiconductor,MOS)管。
本申请实施例提供的无线充电发射装置添加了阻抗调节电路和控制器。阻抗调节电路包括至少一个电感支路,每个电感支路包括串联连接的电感和开关,所有电感支路之间相互并联后形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端连接直流电源的输出端口,调节支路的第二端连接滞后桥臂的中点,控制器用于控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出所述滞后桥臂的电流,即控制器,通过控制导通的电感支路的数目,进而控制注入滞后桥臂的电流大小,从而使所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS。在需要向滞后桥臂注入感性电流时,控制器才控制电感支路接入滞后桥臂。当调节支路包括并联在一起的多个电感支路时,控制器可以控制各个电感支路中开关通断以实现阻抗调节电路呈现的电感的大小不同,阻抗调节电路的电感大小不同,则向滞后桥臂注入的感性电流大小不同。控制器切换电感支路的过程不影响无线充电发射装置的功率传输,提高了无线充电发射装置的稳定性与可靠性。
装置实施例二:
下面分别以调节支路包括一个电感支路和至少包括两个电感支路为例介绍工作原理。无论调节支路包括一个电感支路还是包括多个电感支路,控制器控制电感支路的闭合和断开可以通过以下两种方式进行控制:
第一种:控制器根据逆变电路当前的移相角度和输出功率,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断;
第二种:控制器根据滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流或者流出滞后桥臂的电流,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断。
对于第二种,电感支路均未接入时,流入补偿电路的电流与流出滞后桥臂的电流相等。但是,当有电感支路接入时,则流入补偿电路的电流与流出滞后桥臂的电流不相等。
(一):调节支路包括一个电感支路,继续参见图3a。
首先,介绍控制器的第一种控制方式:
控制器根据逆变电路当前的移相角度和输出功率,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断,具体为:
控制器根据输出功率查找移相角度与滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出滞后桥 臂的电流之间的对应关系;不同的输出功率对应不同的对应关系;通过查找出的对应关系获得逆变电路当前的移相角度位于的移相角度区间,根据移相角度区间控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断,不同的移相角度区间对应导通不同数目的电感支路。
电感支路未接通时,流出滞后桥臂的电流I 1与流入补偿电路的电流I 2相等。以电流流出滞后桥臂的方向为正方向,预先建立逆变电路在不同输出功率下的移相角度与滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出滞后桥臂的电流I 1的对应关系,即该对应关系同时为逆变电路在不同输出功率下的移相角度与流入补偿电路的电流I 2的对应关系,不同的输出功率对应不同的对应关系。为了方便描述,下面以滞后桥臂的关断电流代表滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出滞后桥臂的电流。具体实现时,对应关系可以利用曲线或者表格来实现,例如不同的输出功率对应不同的曲线,该曲线为移相角度与滞后桥臂的关断电流的二维曲线,即二维曲线表征了移相角度与滞后桥臂的关断电流的对应关系。
参见图3a,该图为无线充电发射装置的阻抗调节支路包括一个电感支路的电路图。
其中逆变电路201、发射线圈202、直流电源205和补偿电路206的说明可参见前文,电压电流的正方向如图所示,在此不再赘述。
阻抗调节电路203的电感支路包括串联的电感L和开关K,电感L的第一端连接直流电源205的输出端口,电感L的第二端通过开关K连接滞后桥臂的中点,即连接于可控开关管S1和S2之间,因为此时阻抗调节支路中仅包括一条电感支路,所以该电感支路即为调节支路,图3a中并未示出控制器,控制器控制该电感支路中开关K的导通或关断。
需要说明的是,逆变电路201的输出功率在不考虑无线充电发射装置与无线充电接收装置之间的传输效率的情况下,逆变电路201的输出功率等价于无线充电接收装置的输出功率,一般传输效率小于100%,逆变电路的输出功率与无线充电接收装置的输出功率之间存在一定的换算关系。因此,也可以理解为,控制器根据逆变电路201当前的移相角度和无线充电接收装置的输出功率,控制该电感支路中开关K的导通或关断。其中,无线充电接收装置的输出功率即为无线充电系统的输出功率。
图3a中滞后桥臂中的关断电流为I 1,电感支路中的电流为I L,流入补偿电路206的电流为I 2,即I 2也为逆变电路201的输出电流,三者之间存在如下关系:
I 1=I L+I 2               (1)
参见式(1),当电感支路关断时,I L=0,此时滞后桥臂中的关断电流I 1与流入补偿电路的电流I 2相等。当电感支路导通时,电感支路为滞后桥臂注入感性电流I L,可以影响滞后桥臂中电流I 1的成分。具体还可以参见图3b及图3c所示的波形关系示意图,图中θ表示移相角度。
此时控制器通过控制电感支路开关的通断进而控制电感支路是否向滞后桥臂注入感性电流I L
在逆变电路的输出功率确定的情况下,可以根据移相角度来控制电感支路的通断。
如图3b所示,具体为当移相角度较大时,流入补偿电路206的电流I 2(即逆变电路201的输出电流)的相位已经滞后于逆变电路201的滞后桥臂输出电压U 1(滞后桥 臂中点相对于负母线的电压)的相位,当滞后桥臂中的电流I 1为流入补偿电路206的电流I 2时,可控开关管S1和S2已经可以实现ZVS,此时控制器控制电感支路的开关K断开,电感支路不向滞后桥臂注入感性电流I L,以避免电感接入带来功耗。
如图3c所示,当移相角度较小时,流入补偿电路206的电流I 2的相位超前于逆变电路201的滞后桥臂输出电压U 1的相位,滞后桥臂的可控开关管S1和S2不能实现ZVS,此时控制器控制电感支路的开关K闭合,使电感支路为滞后桥臂注入感性电流I L,感性电流I L与流入补偿电路206的电流I 2进行叠加,以使滞后桥臂中电流的相位滞后于逆变电路201的滞后桥臂输出电压U 1的相位,从而使滞后桥臂的可控开关管S1和S2实现ZVS。
可以预先将滞后桥臂上的可控开关管实现ZVS时滞后桥臂中关断电流能够达到的最大值设置为预设电流I 0,逆变电路201不同的输出功率对应不同的预设电流I 0。在每条二维曲线上分别预先获取预设电流I 0对应的移相角度θ 0,以该移相角度θ 0为预设角度,划分为两个移相角度区间,即分别为大于预设角度θ 0的移相角度区间和小于等于预设角度θ 0的移相角度区间。
参见图4a,该图为本申请实施例二提供的阻抗调节支路包括一个电感支路时I 1与移相角度的关系曲线图。
当电感支路未接通时,I 2与I 1相等。
以电流流出滞后桥臂的方向为正方向,预先确定逆变电路处于不同的输出功率下,滞后桥臂的关断电流能够使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS时的最大值设置为预设电流I 0(I 0<0),可以理解的是,预设电流也可以根据实际需要进行适当调整,例如可以选择小于I 0但与I 0较为接近的某一电流值为预设电流。
预设电流I 0对应的移相角度为预设角度θ 0,则小于θ 0的移相角度所在区间为第一移相角度区间,大于θ 0的移相角度所在区间为第二移相角度区间。
当逆变电路当前的移相角度位于第一移相角度区间内时,即当前的移相角度小于预设角度,此时滞后桥臂的可控开关管不能实现ZVS,需要控制器控制电感支路接通,向滞后桥臂的中点注入感性电流。当逆变电路当前的移相角度位于第二移相角度区间内时,即当前的移相角度大于预设角度,此时滞后桥臂的可控开关管已经能够实现ZVS,可以关断该电感支路以降低功耗。
其次,介绍控制器的第二种控制方式:
控制器根据滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流或者流出滞后桥臂的电流,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断。
参见图4b,该图为本申请实施例二提供的另一种阻抗调节支路包括一个电感支路的电路图。
本实施例提供的电路中还包括电流检测电路206。
该电流检测电路206用于检测滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流或者流出滞后桥臂的电流,并将检测的所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流或者流出滞后桥臂的电流发送给控制器。
由于调节支路仅包括一个电感支路且电感支路断开连接时,流入补偿电路的电流或者流出滞后桥臂的电流相等,因此,下面以电流检测电路206检测流入补偿电路的电流为例进行介绍。
继续参见图4a,电流检测电路206检测滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流为I 3,可以理解的是,当电感支路均未接通时,电流I 3与流出滞后桥臂的电流相等,控制器将I 3与预设电流I 0进行比较,当I 3>I 0时,滞后桥臂的可控开关管不能实现ZVS,控制器控制电感支路接通,电感支路向滞后桥臂的中点注入感性电流以使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS。I 3<I 0时,滞后桥臂的可控开关管已经能够实现ZVS,控制器关断该电感支路以降低功耗。
二):调节支路包括至少两个电感支路。
控制器控制每个电感支路中开关的通断状态,能够调整阻抗调节电路向滞后桥臂注入的感性电流的大小,使滞后桥臂的可控开关管在不同的移相角度下实现ZVS,本申请中不具体限定电感支路的数目,可以根据实际需要以及硬件的体积和成本来选择设置,电感支路的数目越多,对应呈现的电感值越多,对应于移相角度的匹配越精确。
下面以调节支路至少包括以下两个电感支路:第一电感支路和第二电感支路为例进行说明。其中,第一电感支路包括第一电感和第一开关,第一电感的第一端连接直流电源的输出端口,第一电感的第二端通过第一开关连接滞后桥臂的中点;第二电感支路包括第二电感和第二开关,第二电感的第一端连接直流电源的输出端口,第二电感的第二端通过第二开关连接滞后桥臂的中点。
参见图5a,该图为无线充电发射装置的阻抗调节支路包括两个电感支路时的电路图。
电路中的逆变电路201、发射线圈202、直流电源205和补偿电路206的说明可参见前文,在此不再赘述。
阻抗调节电路303包括第一电感支路和第二电感支路,其中第一电感支路包括串联的第一电感L1和第一开关K1,L1的第一端连接直流电源的输出端口,L1的第二端通过K1连接滞后桥臂的中点;第二电感支路包括串联的第二电感L2和第二开关K2,L21的第一端连接直流电源的输出端口,L2的第二端通过K2连接滞后桥臂的中点;第一电感L1和第二电感L2的电感量可以相同也可以不同,本申请对此不做具体限定。
控制器(未示出)根据逆变电路201当前的移相角度和输出功率,控制第一开关K1和第二开关K2的导通或关断;或,控制器根据滞后桥臂的可控开关管(即可控开关管S1或S3)关断时刻滞后桥臂的电流,控制第一开关K1和第二开关K2的导通或关断。
第一电感支路和第二电感支路并联形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端连接直流电源205的输出端口,调节支路的第二端连接滞后桥臂的中点,即连接于可控开关管S1和S2之间。
图5a中滞后桥臂中的关断电流为I 1,调节支路中的电流为I L,逆变电路201的输出电流为I 2,三者之间仍满足式(1),即I 1=I L+I 2,其中调节支路中的电流为I L为通过两个电感支路的电流总和。
调节支路通过为滞后桥臂注入感性电流I L,进而影响了滞后桥臂中关断电流I 1的电抗性。此时控制器控制每个电感支路开关的通断进而控制电感支路向滞后桥臂注入感性电流I L的大小。
当所有电感支路均未接通时,滞后桥臂中的关断电流I 1与流入补偿电路的电流I 2相等,同样以电流流出滞后桥臂的方向为正方向,预先建立逆变电路在不同输出功率下的移相角度与滞后桥臂的关断电流I 1之间的对应关系,即此时该对应关系同时为逆变电路在不同输出功率下的移相角度与流入补偿电路的电流I 2的对应关系,不同的输出功率对应不同的对应关系。
参见图5b,该图为本申请实施例二提供的阻抗调节支路包括两条电感支路时滞后桥臂中的电流I 1与移相角度的对应关系曲线图。
当所有电感支路均未接通时,I 2与I 1相等。预先将滞后桥臂上的可控开关管实现ZVS时滞后桥臂中关断电流能够达到的最大值设置为预设电流I 0。已经导通其中一条电感支路时,I 2与I 1不相等,并且导通的电感支路会影响的I 1大小。
下面以一条电感支路已经导通为例进行介绍,滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS时滞后桥臂中关断电流能够达到的最大值设置为阈值电流I 4,且阈值电流I 4大于预设电流I 0。逆变电路201不同的输出功率对应不同的预设电流I 0和阈值电流I 4。在每条二维曲线上分别预先获取预设电流I 0对应的预设角度θ 0和阈值电流I 4对应的阈值角度θ 1,以预设角度θ 0和阈值角度θ 1为界限依次划分三个不同的移相角度区间,即第一移相角度区间、第二移相角度区间和第三移相角度区间。
当逆变电路当前的移相角度位于第一移相角度区间内时,此时滞后桥臂的可控开关管不能实现ZVS,且需要电感支路注入较大的感性电流,控制器控制第一电感支路和第二电感支路均接通,向滞后桥臂的中点注入足够的感性电流;当逆变电路当前的移相角度位于第二移相角度区间内时,滞后桥臂的可控开关管不能实现ZVS,此时控制器控制第一电感支路或第二电感支路中的任意一条接通,向滞后桥臂的中点注入感性电流,即可以使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS;当逆变电路当前的移相角度位于第三移相角度区间内时,即当前的移相角度位于的移相角度区间为大于预设角度的区间时,滞后桥臂的可控开关管已经能够实现ZVS,可以关断电感支路以降低功耗。
此外,设置预设电流I 0和阈值电流I 4时可以根据实际需要进行适当调整,例如可以将小于I 0但与I 0较为接近的某一电流值设置为预设电流,还可以将小于I 4但与I 4较为接近的某一电流值设置为阈值电流,使当前的移相角度恰好小于θ 0(恰好位于第二移相角度区间)时,确保滞后桥臂的可控开关管已经能够实现ZVS;或当电流略小于I 4时,确保只需导通一条电感支路即可使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS。
下面结合附图说明控制器根据滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出滞后桥臂的电流或流入补偿电路的电流,控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断的工作原理。
参见图5c,该图为本申请实施例二提供的另一种阻抗调节支路包括两个电感支路的电路图。
本实施例提供的电路中还包括了电流检测电路306。该电流检测电路306用于检测滞 后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流或者流出滞后桥臂的电流,并将检测的滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流或者流出滞后桥臂的电流发送给控制器。当所有电感支路均未接通时,电流检测电路306检测滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流为I 3,电流I 3等于流出滞后桥臂的电流。控制器将I 3与电流的区间值进行比较,I 3落入不同的区间,对应控制不同数目的电感支路闭合。
当I 3>I 4时,滞后桥臂的可控开关管不能实现ZVS且需要较大的感性电流,控制器控制第一电感支路和第二电感支路均接通,以向滞后桥臂的中点注入足够感性电流;I 4>I 3>I 0时,滞后桥臂的可控开关管不能实现软开关,此时控制器只需控制第一电感支路或第二电感支路中的任意一个接通即可为滞后桥臂中点注入足够的感性电流;当I 3<I 0时,滞后桥臂的可控开关管已经能够实现ZVS,控制器关断该电感支路以降低功耗。
当已有电感支路接通时,电流检测电路306可以检测滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出滞后桥臂的电流并将检测结果发送给控制器,控制器首先根据滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出滞后桥臂的电流与当前的电感支路的闭合数目获得流入补偿电路的电流,然后获得流入补偿电路的电流与预设电流的差值,根据该差值控制电感支路中开关的导通和关断,差值不同对应闭合不同数目的电感支路。
装置实施例三:
本申请实施例提供的无线充电发射装置的至少一个电感支路还包括第一二极管和第二二极管,其中的第一二极管的阳极连接电感支路中电感和开关的公共端,第一二极管的阴极连接直流电源输出端的正直流母线;第二二极管的阴极连接电感支路中电感和开关的公共端,第二二极管的阳极连接直流电源输出端的负直流母线,第一二极管和第二二极管形成二极管箝位电路,下面结合附图具体说明。
首先以阻抗调节电路包括一个电感支路为例进行说明。
参见图6a,该图为调节支路包括一个电感支路且电感支路上存在二极管箝位电路的电路图。
其中逆变电路201、发射线圈202、直流电源205、补偿电路206以及控制器(图6a中并未示出)的说明可参见装置实施例一,在此不再赘述。
阻抗调节电路503包括一个电感支路,该电感支路包括串联的电感L和开关K,电感支路还包括第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2,其中第一二极管D1的阳极连接电感L和开关K的公共端,第一二极管D1的阴极连接直流电源205的正直流母线,第二二极管D2的阴极连接电感L和开关K的公共端,第二二极管D2的阳极连接直流电源205负直流母线。
以阻抗调节支路的电流I L流出滞后桥臂中点的方向为正方向,当控制器控制开关K由闭合到断开,且当前电感电流为负时,第一二极管D1导通,第二二极管D2截止,导通的第一二极管D1为电感L提供了续流通路。
当控制器控制开关K由闭合到断开,且当前电感电流为正时,第一二极管D1截 止,第二二极管D2导通,导通的第二二极管D2为电感L提供了续流通路。
此外,二极管箝位电路还能够将电感L和开关K的公共端B的电压U B稳定在安全范围内,以第一二极管D1和第二二极管D2均为硅管为例,硅管的导通压降为0.7V,直流电源205的正直流母线电压为U C、直流电源205的负直流母线电压为U D,当U B-U C>0.7V时,第一二极管D1导通,当U D-U B>0.7V时,第二二极管D2导通,因此二极管箝位电路可以使电压U B满足:U D-0.7V<U B<U C+0.7V,即限制U B的电压峰值与直流电源205的正负直流母线间电压的差值小于二极管的导通压降,具有保护电路的作用。
由于阻抗调节电路还可以包括并联在一起的多个电感支路,所有的电感支路并联形成调节支路,还可以为其中的至少一个电感支路增加上述二极管箝位电路,使得当每个包括上述二极管箝位电路的电感支路的开关断开时,能够为该电感支路上的电感提供续流通路,并且还能够限制每个电感支路上的电压峰值稳定在安全范围内,提高电路的可靠性与稳定性。
下面以调节支路至少包括以下两个电感支路:第一电感支路和第二电感支路为例进行说明。
参见图6b,该图为调节支路包括两个电感支路且第一电感支路上存在二极管箝位电路时的电路图。
其中逆变电路201、发射线圈202、直流电源205、补偿电路206以及控制器(图6b中并未示出)的说明可参见装置实施例一,在此不再赘述。
阻抗调节电路603包括两个电感支路,其中第一电感支路包括串联的第一电感L1和第一开关K1,还包括第一二极管D3和第二二极管D4,其中第一二极管D3的阳极连接第一电感支路中第一电感L1和第一开关K1的公共端,第一二极管D3的阴极连接直流电源205的正直流母线,第二二极管D4的阴极连接第一电感支路中第一电感L1和第一开关K1的公共端,第二二极管D4的阳极连接直流电源205的负直流母线。第二电感支路包括串联的第二电感L2和第二开关K2。
当二极管箝位电路包括第一二极管D3和第二二极管D4时的工作原理可参见图6a所示电路对应部分的相关介绍,在此不再赘述。
还可以参见图7,该图为调节支路包括两个电感支路且第二电感支路上存在二极管箝位电路的电路图。
图7所示电路与图6b所示电路的区别为:图7所示电路的第二电感支路包括第一二极管D5和第二二极管D6,其中第一二极管D5的阳极连接第二电感支路中第二电感L2和第二开关K2的公共端,第一二极管D5的阴极连接直流电源205的正直流母线,第二二极管D6的阴极连接第二电感支路中第二电感L2和第二开关K2的公共端,第二二极管D6的阳极连接直流电源205的负直流母线。
其中,当二极管箝位电路包括第一二极管D5和第二二极管D6时的工作原理可参见图6a所示电路对应部分的相关介绍,在此不再赘述。
参见图8,该图为调节支路包括两个电感支路且每个电感支路均存在二极管箝位电 路的电路图。
图8所示电路的第一电感支路包括串联的第一电感L1和第一开关K1,还包括第一二极管D3和第二二极管D4,其中第一二极管D3的阳极连接第一电感L1和第一开关K1的公共端,第一二极管D3的阴极连接直流电源205的正直流母线,第二二极管D4的阴极连接第一电感L1和第一开关K1的公共端,第二二极管D4的阳极连接直流电源205的负直流母线.
第二电感支路包括串联的第二电感L2和第二开关K2,还包括第一二极管D5和第二二极管D6,其中第一二极管D5的阳极连接第二电感L2和第二开关K2的公共端,第一二极管D5的阴极连接直流电源205的正直流母线,第二二极管D6的阴极连接第二电感L2和第二开关K2的公共端,第二二极管D6的阳极连接直流电源205的负直流母线。
第一二极管D3和第二二极管D4形成的二极管箝位电路作用于第一电感支路,第一二极管D5和第二二极管D6形成的二极管箝位电路作用于第二电感支路,工作原理可参见图6a所示电路对应部分的相关介绍,在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例提供的无线充电发射装置在至少一个电感支路增加第一二极管和第二二极管,利用两个二极管形成二极管箝位电路,当具有二极管箝位电路的电感支路的开关断开时,能够为该电感支路中的电感提供续流通路,并且能够维持该电感支路中电感和开关的公共端的电压稳定在安全范围内,具有保护电路的作用。
为了便于说明,以下的装置实施例中均以调节支路至少包括以下两个电感支路:第一电感支路和第二电感支路为例进行说明,其中第一电感支路包括串联的第一电感和第一开关,第二电感支路包括串联的第二电感和第二开关,可以理解的是,当调节支路包括的电感支路数量拓展至更多时,其工作原理与只包括两个电感支路时的工作原理相似。
装置实施例四:
本实施例以调节支路包括以下两个电感支路:第一电感支路和第二电感支路为例具体介绍了确定电感支路中电感的电感量的方法,可以理解的是,该方法可以拓展应用于调节支路包括更多个并联的电感支路时的电路场景。
参见图9,该图为一种输出功率为10kW的无线充电发射装置的电路图。
其中逆变电路201、发射线圈202、阻抗调节电路803、直流电源205以及控制器(图9中并未示出)的说明可参见图8所示电路对应部分的相关介绍,在此不再赘述。
发射装置中的补偿电路206可以为LCL类型,也可以为LCC类型,图9所示的为LCC类型的补偿电路,该补偿电路包括电感L3、电容C4、电容C5和电容C6,下面以补偿电路为LCC为例进行分析,但是以下分析同样适用于LCL的补偿电路。本申请中不具体限制补偿电路的类型。
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本申请提供的技术方案,下面具体介绍阻抗调节电路包括的电感大小的选取。
下面以S2关断过程进行分析,以S1关断过程分析的方法与之类似,因此不再赘述。理想工况下,电感电流在开关过程中保持恒定不变且流出滞后桥臂的电流在开关过程中保持恒定不变,根据可控开关管的结电容C oss,母线电压U bus,滞后桥臂的死区时间△t dead,可获取当滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS时可以获取当滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS前提下,逆变电路201的S2输出电流关断时刻所需要的负电流I 2的绝对值I 2的最小值为I 2min,考虑电流I 2min在死区时间△t dead内恒定,且电流I 2min对桥臂的两个可控开关管的结电容C oss分别进行充放电到母线电压Ubus和零,则可以获得公式2,具体如下:
Figure PCTCN2019079864-appb-000001
当C oss=500pF,U bus=640V,△t dead=300ns时,可确定I 2min=-2.133A。
还可以参见图10,该图为图9中装置不连接电感支路并以10kW恒定满功率工作时,S2关断时刻电流I 1与移相角度的关系曲线图,该关系曲线可以通过仿真获得。
由图10可获得该装置不连接电感支路时,S2关断时刻电流I 1随移相角度的减小而增大,而关断时刻的电流在移相角度取为1时达到最大值I 1max=32A:
结合式(1),此时电感支路需要向滞后桥臂注入的电流峰值为I Lmax需满足:
I Lmax>I 1max-I 2min           (3)
即当I Lmax>34.133A时,即使移相角度最小为1时,滞后桥臂也可以实现ZVS,下面以I Lmax=35A为例说明电感量的确定过程。
逆变电路803上开关管的开关周期T SW、母线电压U bus、电感支路需要向滞后桥臂注入的电流峰值为I Lmax以及调节支路的最大电感量L MAX关系如下,滞后桥臂电压中的交流分量加在电感的电压为一开关周期T SW,幅值为U bus/2的方波电压,电感电流的波形为一正负对称的三角波,因此根据电感的电流与电压的关系,可以获得公式(4):
Figure PCTCN2019079864-appb-000002
当T SW=1/85kHz时,通过式(4)可以确定此时L MAX=26.9μH。
调节支路包括两条并联的电感支路,L MAX即为第一电感L1和第二电感L2并联后的电感值。
在一种可能的实现方式中,可以使第一电感L1和第二电感L2的电感量均为53.8μH,当接通一个电感支路时,调节支路向滞后桥臂注入的电流峰值为17.5A,当接通两个电感支路时,调节支路向滞后桥臂注入的电流峰值为35A。
当控制器检测到逆变器输出功率为10kW时,调用预存的如图10所示的曲线,根据曲线设置预设的移相角度。当移相角度在2.4756rad上时,滞后桥臂的可控开关管自身就可以实现ZVS,不需要接通电感支路;当移相角度在2.4756rad~1.6rad之间时,需要接通一个电感支路以使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS;当移相角度在1.6rad以下时,需要接通两个电感支路以使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS。可以预先通过仿真得到不同功率下对应的如图10所示的对应关系的曲线并存储于控制器中,当逆变器检测到当前的输出功率为 7.7kW、3.3kW或其它功率等级时,通过查表的方式调用当前的对应关系的曲线,并设置切换电感所需的预设角度,控制器再根据当前的预设角度进行电感的通断设置。
当调节支路仅固定的包括以上两个电感支路时,在某些移相角度下虽然能够使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS,但会导致调节支路注入滞后桥臂的感性电流有效值过大,进而增加了滞后桥臂上可控开关管的开关损耗。为了避免上述问题,可以调节支路中并联电感支路的数量,通过控制导通的电感支路的数目控制注入滞后桥臂的电流大小,从而使调节支路注入滞后桥臂的电感电流与移相角度匹配。
装置实施例五:
本实施例具体介绍调节支路第一端与直流电源输出端的连接关系,其中调节支路的第一端可以直接连接直流电源的输出端的直流母线中点,下面结合附图分别说明。
参见图11,该图为调节支路的第一端连接直流电源的直流母线中点时的电路图。
其中逆变电路201、发射线圈202、直流电源205、补偿电路206以及控制器(图11中并未示出)的说明可参见装置实施例一,在此不再赘述。
阻抗调节电路1003包括第一电感支路和第二电感支路,两个电感支路并联形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端连接直流电源输出端的直流母线中点。
装置实施例六:
本实施例提供的无线充电发射装置当调节支路的第一端连接直流电源输出端的直流母线中点时,其中的阻抗调节支路还包括第一隔直电容,调节支路的第一端通过第一隔直电容连接电源输出端的直流母线中点,下面结合附图具体说明。
参见图12,该图为本申请装置实施例六提供的另一种无线充电发射装置的电路图。
其中逆变电路201、发射线圈202、直流电源205、补偿电路206以及控制器(图12中并未示出)的说明可参见装置实施例一,在此不再赘述。
阻抗调节电路1003包括第一电感支路和第二电感支路,其中第一电感支路包括串联的第一电感L1和第一开关K1,第二电感支路包括串联的第二电感L2和第二开关K2,第一电感支路和第二电感支路并联形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端通过第一隔直电容C1连接直流电源205的直流母线中点。
可以理解的是,还可以在至少一个电感支路中增加包括第一二极管和第二二极管的二极管箝位电路,具体可以参见装置实施例二在相关说明,在此不再赘述。
参见装置实施例一中的说明,为使滞后桥臂中的可控开关管实现ZVS,需要使滞后桥臂中的电流的相位滞后于逆变电路201的输出电压的相位,利用电感支路向滞后桥臂中注入合适的感性电流,使滞后桥臂中的电流相位保持滞后于逆变电路201的滞后桥臂输出电压的相位。但同时电感支路中的直流电成分也会被注入滞后桥臂中,该直流电成分会使滞后桥臂中电流的有效值增加,进而增加滞后桥臂中可控开关管导通损耗以及开关损耗。因此本申请实施例提供的无线充电发射装置在阻抗调节电路中增加第一隔直电容,并使调节支路的第一端通过第一隔直电容连接直流母线的中点,以滤除调节支路 中的直流电成分,减小滞后桥臂中的电流有效值增加量,进而降低滞后桥臂中可控开关管的导通损耗以及开关损耗。
装置实施例七:
本申请实施例提供的无线充电发射装置当调节支路的第一端连接直流电源输出端的正直流母线时,其阻抗调节支路还包括第二隔直电容,调节支路的第一端通过第二隔直电容连接电源输出端的正直流母线,下面结合附图具体说明。
参见图13,该图为本申请装置实施例七提供的再一种无线充电发射装置的电路图。
其中的逆变电路201、发射线圈202、直流电源205、补偿电路206以及控制器(图13中并未示出)的说明可参见装置实施例一,在此不再赘述。
阻抗调节电路1303包括第一电感支路和第二电感支路,其中第一电感支路包括串联的第一电感L1和第一开关K1,第二电感支路包括串联的第二电感L2和第二开关K2,第一电感支路和第二电感支路并联形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端通过第二隔直电容C2连接直流电源205输出端的正直流母线。
可以理解的是,还可以在至少一个电感支路中增加第一二极管和第二二极管以形成二极管箝位电路,具体可以参见装置实施例二,在此不再赘述。
为使滞后桥臂中的可控开关管实现ZVS,需要使滞后桥臂中的电流的相位滞后于逆变电路201的输出电压的相位,利用电感支路向滞后桥臂中注入合适的感性电流,使滞后桥臂中的电流相位保持滞后于逆变电路201的滞后桥臂输出电压的相位。但同时电感支路中的直流电成分也会被注入滞后桥臂中,该直流电成分会使滞后桥臂中电流的有效值增加,进而增加滞后桥臂中可控开关管导通损耗以及开关损耗。本申请实施例提供的无线充电发射装置在阻抗调节电路中增加第二隔直电容,并使调节支路的第一端通过第二隔直电容连接直流电源输出端的正直流母线,能够滤除调节支路中的直流电成分,减小了滞后桥臂中的电流有效值增加量,降低了滞后桥臂中可控开关管的导通损耗以及开关损耗。
装置实施例八:
本申请实施例提供的无线充电发射装置当调节支路的第一端连接直流电源输出端的负直流母线时,其阻抗调节支路还包括第三隔直电容,调节支路的第一端通过第三隔直电容连接电源输出端的负直流母线,下面结合附图具体说明。
参见图14,该图为本申请装置实施例八提供的又一种无线充电发射装置的电路图。
其中逆变电路201、发射线圈202、直流电源205、补偿电路206以及控制器(图14中并未示出)的说明可参见装置实施例一,在此不再赘述。
阻抗调节电路1503包括第一电感支路和第二电感支路,其中第一电感支路包括串联的第一电感L1和第一开关K1,第二电感支路包括串联的第二电感L2和第二开关K2,第一电感支路和第二电感支路并联形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端通过第三隔直电容C3连接直流电源205输出端的负直流母线。
可以理解的是,还可以在至少一个电感支路中增加第一二极管和第二二极管以形成二极管箝位电路,具体可以参见装置实施例二,在此不再赘述。
为使滞后桥臂中的可控开关管实现ZVS,需要使滞后桥臂中的电流的相位滞后于逆变电路201的输出电压的相位,利用电感支路向滞后桥臂中注入合适的感性电流,使滞后桥臂中的电流相位保持滞后于逆变电路201的滞后桥臂输出电压的相位。但同时电感支路中的直流电成分也会被注入滞后桥臂中,该直流电成分会使滞后桥臂中电流的有效值增加,进而增加滞后桥臂中可控开关管导通损耗以及开关损耗。本申请实施例提供的无线充电发射装置在阻抗调节电路中增加第三隔直电容,并使调节支路的第一端通过第三隔直电容连接直流电源输出端的负直流母线,能够滤除调节支路中的直流电成分,减小了滞后桥臂中的电流有效值增加量,降低了滞后桥臂中可控开关管的导通损耗以及开关损耗。
装置实施例九:
本申请实施例还提供了一种无线充电发射装置,其阻抗调节支路同时包括第二隔直电容和第三隔直电容,调节支路的第一端通过第二隔直电容连接电源输出端的正直流母线,且调节支路的第一端还通过第三隔直电容连接电源输出端的负直流母线,使阻抗调节电路可以与没有直流母线的直流电源连接,下面结合附图具体说明。
参见图15,该图为本申请装置实施例九提供的另一种无线充电发射装置的电路图。
其中逆变电路201、发射线圈202、直流电源205、补偿电路206以及控制器(图15中并未示出)的说明可参见装置实施例一,在此不再赘述。
阻抗调节电路1703包括第一电感支路和第二电感支路,其中第一电感支路包括串联的第一电感L1和第一开关K1,第二电感支路包括串联的第二电感L2和第二开关K2,第一电感支路和第二电感支路并联形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端通过第二隔直电容C2连接直流电源205输出端的正直流母线,调节支路的第一端还通过第三隔直电容C3连接直流电源205输出端的负直流母线。
可以理解的是,还可以在至少一个电感支路中增加第一二极管和第二二极管以形成二极管箝位电路,具体可以参见装置实施例二,在此不再赘述。
为使滞后桥臂中的可控开关管实现ZVS,需要使滞后桥臂中的电流的相位滞后于逆变电路201的输出电压的相位,利用电感支路向滞后桥臂中注入合适的感性电流,使滞后桥臂中的电流相位保持滞后于逆变电路201的滞后桥臂输出电压的相位。但同时电感支路中的直流电成分也会被注入滞后桥臂中,该直流电成分会使滞后桥臂中电流的有效值增加,进而增加滞后桥臂中可控开关管导通损耗以及开关损耗。本申请实施例提供的无线充电发射装置在阻抗调节电路中增加第二隔直电容和第三隔直电容,并使调节支路的第一端通过第二隔直电容连接电源输出端的正直流母线,调节支路的第一端通过第三隔直电容连接直流电源输出端的负直流母线,使阻抗调节电路能够与没有直流母线的直流电源连接,还能够滤除调节支路中的直流电成分,减小滞后桥臂中的电流有效值增加量,降低了滞后桥臂中可控开关管的导通损耗以及开关损耗。
装置实施例十:
本申请实施例提供的无线充电发射装置当调节支路的第一端连接直流电源输出端的直流母线中点时,其阻抗调节支路还包括第三隔直电容,调节支路的第一端通过第三隔直电容连接电源输出端的直流母线中点,下面结合附图具体说明。
参见图16,该图为本申请装置实施例十提供的又一种无线充电发射装置的电路图。
其中逆变电路201、发射线圈202、直流电源205、补偿电路206以及控制器(图16中并未示出)的说明可参见装置实施例一,在此不再赘述。
阻抗调节电路1503包括第一电感支路和第二电感支路,其中第一电感支路包括串联的第一电感L1和第一开关K1,第二电感支路包括串联的第二电感L2和第二开关K2,第一电感支路和第二电感支路并联形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端通过第三隔直电容C3连接直流电源205输出端的直流母线中点。
可以理解的是,还可以在至少一个电感支路中增加第一二极管和第二二极管以形成二极管箝位电路,具体可以参见装置实施例二,在此不再赘述。
为使滞后桥臂中的可控开关管实现ZVS,需要使滞后桥臂中的电流的相位滞后于逆变电路201的输出电压的相位,利用电感支路向滞后桥臂中注入合适的感性电流,使滞后桥臂中的电流相位保持滞后于逆变电路201的滞后桥臂输出电压的相位。但同时电感支路中的直流电成分也会被注入滞后桥臂中,该直流电成分会使滞后桥臂中电流的有效值增加,进而增加滞后桥臂中可控开关管导通损耗以及开关损耗。本申请实施例提供的无线充电发射装置在阻抗调节电路中增加第三隔直电容,并使调节支路的第一端通过第三隔直电容连接直流电源输出端的负直流母线,能够滤除调节支路中的直流电成分,减小了滞后桥臂中的电流有效值增加量,降低了滞后桥臂中可控开关管的导通损耗以及开关损耗。
方法实施例:
本申请实施例还提供了一种无线充电的控制方法,应用于以上实施例介绍的无线充电发射装置,该无线充电发射装置包括:逆变电路、发射线圈、阻抗调节电路和控制器。其中,逆变电路用于将直流电源输出的直流电逆变为交流电,该逆变电路包括超前桥臂和滞后桥臂,其中同一个周期内所述超前桥臂的电压相位超前于所述滞后桥臂的电压相位。发射线圈用于接收交流电并产生交变磁场。阻抗调节电路包括至少一个电感支路,每个电感支路包括串联连接的电感和开关,所有电感支路相互并联后形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端连接直流电源的输出端口,调节支路的第二端连接滞后桥臂的中点。
对于无线充电的发射装置的具体说明可参见上述的无线充电发射装置的实施例,在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例提供的方法包括:
所述方法包括:
控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出所述滞后桥臂的电流,使所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS。
控制器控制电感支路的通断具体可以通过以下两种方式:
第一种:
控制器根据逆变电路当前的移相角度和输出功率,控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断;移相角度是指所述超前桥臂的中点电压和所述滞后桥臂的中点电压之间的相位差。具体参见图17,包括以下步骤:
S1701:根据所述输出功率查找所述移相角度与所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出所述滞后桥臂的电流之间的对应关系;不同的输出功率对应不同的对应关系。
S1702:通过查找出的对应关系获得所述逆变电路当前的移相角度位于的移相角度区间;
S1703:根据所述移相角度区间控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断,不同的移相角度区间对应导通不同数目的电感支路。
当逆变电路的输出功率确定后,查找输出功率对应的移动角度与流出所述滞后桥臂的电流之间的对应关系。根据当前移相角度位于的移相角度区间,可以确定与当前移相角度匹配的电感支路的数目,通过控制器控制确定数目的电感支路中开关的导通或关断,为滞后桥臂的中点注入足够的感性电流以使滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS。
第二种:
根据所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入所述补偿电路的电流或者流出滞后桥臂的电流,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断。
当控制器根据滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入补偿电路的电流,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断,具体为:
获得所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入所述补偿电路的电流与预设电流的差值,根据所述差值控制所述电感支路中开关的导通和关断,差值不同对应闭合不同数目的电感支路。
当控制器根据流出滞后桥臂的电流,控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断,具体为:
根据所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出滞后桥臂的电流与当前的所述电感支路的闭合数目获得流入所述补偿电路的电流,获得所述流入所述补偿电路的电流与预设电流的差值,根据所述差值控制所述电感支路中开关的导通和关断,差值不同对应闭合不同数目的电感支路。
可以参见图5b所示的电路图,以流出滞后桥臂的电流定义为正,S2关断的时刻为例分析,通过检测滞后桥臂流出的电流,当滞后桥臂流出的电流大于预设电流值(一般是一个小的负值)时,增加闭合的电感支路数目,即减小接入滞后桥臂中点的电感值。
利用本申请提供的无线充电的控制方法,控制器用于控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出所述滞后桥臂的电流,通过控制导通的电感支路的数目,进而控制注入滞后桥臂的电流大小,从而使所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS。在需要向滞后桥臂注入感 性电流时,控制器才控制电感支路接入滞后桥臂。当调节支路包括并联在一起的多个电感支路时,控制器可以控制各个电感支路中开关通断以实现阻抗调节电路呈现的电感的大小不同,阻抗调节电路的电感大小不同,则向滞后桥臂注入的感性电流大小不同。控制器切换电感支路的过程不影响无线充电发射装置的功率传输,提高了无线充电发射装置的稳定性与可靠性。
系统实施例:
基于上述实施例提供的无线充电的发射装置,本申请实施例还提供了一种无线充电系统,下面结合附图具体说明。
参见图18,该图为本申请实施例提供的一种无线充电系统的示意图。
该系统包括:无线充电接收装置200和无线充电接收装置2000。
其中,无线充电发射装置200可以为上述装置实施例提供的任一种,无线充电发射装置200至少包括:逆变电路201、发射线圈202、阻抗调节电路203和控制器204。
无线充电接收装置2000用于接收所述无线充电发射装置发射的交变磁场,并将所述交变磁场转换为直流电提供为用电设备,具体包括:线圈2001,整流器2002和用电设备2003。
逆变电路201将直流电源205输出的直流电逆变为交流电,逆变电路201包括超前桥臂和滞后桥臂,超前桥臂的电压相位超前于滞后桥臂的电压相位。
发射线圈202将交流电以交变磁场的形式进行发射。
阻抗调节电路203包括至少一条电感支路,每个电感支路包括串联连接的电感和开关,所有电感支路之间相互并联后形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端连接直流电源205的输出端口,调节支路的第二端连接滞后桥臂的中点。通过将调节支路与滞后桥臂的中点连接,能够为滞后桥臂注入感性电流,增大滞后桥臂的感性电流成分。
控制器204,用于根据移相角度控制电感支路中开关的通断状态,移相角度是指超前桥臂的中点电压和滞后桥臂的中点电压之间的相位差。
接收线圈2001以交变磁场的形式接收发射线圈202发射的电磁能量。
整流器2002将接收线圈2001输出的交流电整流为直流电输出给用电设备。
该无线充电系统的无线充电发射装置添加了阻抗调节电路和控制器,其中阻抗调节电路包括至少一个电感支路,每个电感支路包括串联连接的电感和开关,所有电感支路之间相互并联后形成调节支路,调节支路的第一端连接直流电源的输出端口,调节支路的第二端连接滞后桥臂的中点,在需要时可为滞后桥臂注入感性电流,增大滞后桥臂的感性电流成分。当移相角度较大时,逆变电路自身可以实现可控开关管的ZVS,当移相角度较小时,逆变电路自身无法实现可控开关管的ZVS,因此,需要采取措施使其可控开关管实现ZVS。本申请实施例提供的无线充电发射装置是在需要向滞后桥臂注入感性电流时,才控制电感支路接入滞后桥臂。
当调节支路包括一个电感支路时,控制器可以根据移相角度决定该电感支路是否接入滞后桥臂的中点,即控制该电感支路的开关闭合时该电感支路接入滞后桥臂的中点,进而 向滞后桥臂注入感性电流。
当调节支路包括并联在一起的多个电感支路时,控制器可以控制各个电感支路中开关的不同通断组合实现阻抗调节电路呈现的电感的大小,阻抗调节电路的电感大小不同,则向滞后桥臂注入的感性电流大小不同。当移相角度较小时,针对不同的移相角度,控制器可以通过控制导通的电感支路的数目控制注入滞后桥臂的电流大小,从而实现注入的电感电流与移相角度匹配,避免接入的电感量太大,而增加功耗。
该无线充电系统中的无线充电发射装置,控制器用于控制电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出所述滞后桥臂的电流,通过控制导通的电感支路的数目,进而控制注入滞后桥臂的电流大小,从而使所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现ZVS。在需要向滞后桥臂注入感性电流时,控制器才控制电感支路接入滞后桥臂。当调节支路包括并联在一起的多个电感支路时,控制器可以控制各个电感支路中开关通断以实现阻抗调节电路呈现的电感的大小不同,阻抗调节电路的电感大小不同,则向滞后桥臂注入的感性电流大小不同。控制器切换电感支路的过程不影响无线充电发射装置的功率传输,提高了无线充电发射装置的稳定性与可靠性。
设备实施例:
基于上述实施例提供的无线充电发射装置以及控制方法,本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备,下面结合附图具体说明。
参见图19,该图为本申请实施例提供的一种用电设备的示意图。
该用电设备2100包括:耗电元件2101、电池2102以及无线充电接收装置2000。
所述无线充电接收装置2000,用于接收无线充电发射装置200发射的交变磁场,还用于将所述交变磁场转换为直流电为所述电池2102进行充电。
所述电池2102,用于为所述耗电元件2101供电。
该用电设备可以为图2a所示的电动汽车,用电设备利用本申请提供的无线充电发射装置进行无线充电,由于该无线充电发射装置能够在不同的移相角度下实现ZVS,同时可以在线(带电)调节移相角度以适应不同的耦合系数、输出电压、输出电流及目标功率等条件,避免在调节移相角度时中断无线充电发射装置的功率传输,提高用电设备在无线充电过程中的稳定性与安全性。
上述实施例中的“第一”和“第二”等词语仅是为了方便解释说明,并不构成对于本申请的限定。
应当理解,在本申请中,“至少一个(项)”是指一个或者多个,“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”,用于描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,“A和/或B”可以表示:只存在A,只存在B以及同时存在A和B三种情况,其中A,B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达,是指这些项中的任意组合,包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如,a,b或c中的至少一项(个),可以表示:a,b,c,“a和b”,“a和c”,“b和c”,或“a和b和c”,其中a,b,c可以是单个,也可以是多个。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制。虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下,都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种无线充电发射装置,其特征在于,包括:逆变电路、发射线圈、阻抗调节电路、控制器和补偿电路;
    所述逆变电路,用于将直流电源输出的直流电逆变为交流电,所述逆变电路包括超前桥臂和滞后桥臂,其中同一个周期内所述超前桥臂的电压相位超前于所述滞后桥臂的电压相位;
    所述补偿电路,用于将所述逆变电路输出的交流电进行补偿后发送给所述发射线圈;
    所述发射线圈,用于接收所述交流电并产生交变磁场;
    所述阻抗调节电路包括至少一个电感支路,每个所述电感支路包括串联连接的电感和开关,所有所述电感支路相互并联后形成调节支路,所述调节支路的第一端连接所述直流电源的输出端口,所述调节支路的第二端连接所述滞后桥臂的中点;
    所述控制器,用于控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出所述滞后桥臂的电流,使所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现零电压开关。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发射装置,其特征在于,所述控制器用于根据所述逆变电路当前的移相角度和输出功率,控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断;
    所述移相角度是指所述超前桥臂的中点电压和所述滞后桥臂的中点电压之间的相位差。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的发射装置,其特征在于,所述控制器用于根据所述输出功率查找所述移相角度与所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出所述滞后桥臂的电流之间的对应关系,其中,不同的所述输出功率对应不同的所述对应关系;通过查找出的对应关系获得所述逆变电路当前的移相角度位于的移相角度区间,根据所述移相角度区间控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断,其中,不同的所述移相角度区间对应导通不同数目的所述电感支路。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的发射装置,其特征在于,所述控制器用于根据所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入所述补偿电路的电流或者流出所述滞后桥臂的电流,控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的发射装置,其特征在于,所述控制器用于获得所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入所述补偿电路的电流与预设电流的差值,根据所述差值控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断,其中,所述差值不同对应闭合不同数目的所述电感支路。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的发射装置,其特征在于,所述控制器用于根据所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出所述滞后桥臂的电流与当前的所述电感支路的闭合数目获得流入所述补偿电路的电流,获得所述流入所述补偿电路的电流与预设电流的差值,根据所述差值控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断,其中,所述差值不同对应闭合不同数目的所述电感支路。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的发射装置,其特征在于,所述调节支路的第一端连接所 述直流电源的输出端的正直流母线或负直流母线或者直流母线中点。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的发射装置,其特征在于,所述阻抗调节电路还包括:第一隔直电容;
    所述调节支路的第一端通过所述第一隔直电容连接所述直流母线中点。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的发射装置,其特征在于,所述阻抗调节电路还包括:第二隔直电容;
    所述调节支路的第一端通过所述第二隔直电容连接所述正直流母线。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的发射装置,其特征在于,所述阻抗调节电路还包括:第三隔直电容;
    所述调节支路的第一端通过所述第三隔直电容连接所述负直流母线。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的发射装置,其特征在于,至少一个所述电感支路包括:第一二极管和第二二极管;
    所述第一二极管的阳极连接所述电感支路中电感和开关的公共端,所述第一二极管的阴极连接所述正直流母线;
    所述第二二极管的阴极连接所述电感支路中电感和开关的公共端,所述第二二极管的阳极连接所述负直流母线。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的发射装置,其特征在于,所述阻抗调节电路包括至少两个所述电感支路;两个所述电感支路分别为:第一电感支路和第二电感支路;
    所述第一电感支路包括第一电感和第一开关;所述第一电感的第一端连接所述直流电源的输出端口,所述第一电感的第二端通过所述第一开关连接所述滞后桥臂的中点;
    所述第二电感支路包括第二电感和第二开关,所述第二电感的第一端连接所述直流电源的输出端口,所述第二电感的第二端通过所述第二开关连接所述滞后桥臂的中点。
  13. 一种无线充电的控制方法,其特征在于,应用于无线充电发射装置,所述无线充电发射装置包括:逆变电路、发射线圈、阻抗调节电路和控制器;所述逆变电路,用于将直流电源输出的直流电逆变为交流电,所述逆变电路包括超前桥臂和滞后桥臂,其中同一个周期内所述超前桥臂的电压相位超前于所述滞后桥臂的电压相位;所述发射线圈,用于接收所述交流电并产生交变磁场;所述阻抗调节电路包括至少一个电感支路,每个所述电感支路包括串联连接的电感和开关,所有所述电感支路相互并联后形成调节支路,所述调节支路的第一端连接所述直流电源的输出端口,所述调节支路的第二端连接所述滞后桥臂的中点;
    所述方法包括:
    控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出所述滞后桥臂的电流,使所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管实现零电压开关。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的控制方法,其特征在于,控制所述电感支路中开关的 导通或关断来改变流出所述滞后桥臂的电流,具体为:
    根据所述逆变电路当前的移相角度和输出功率,控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断;
    所述移相角度是指所述超前桥臂的中点电压和所述滞后桥臂的中点电压之间的相位差。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据所述逆变电路当前的移相角度和输出功率,控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断,具体为:
    根据所述输出功率查找所述移相角度与所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出所述滞后桥臂的电流之间的对应关系,其中,不同的所述输出功率对应不同的所述对应关系;通过查找出的对应关系获得所述逆变电路当前的移相角度位于的移相角度区间,根据所述移相角度区间控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断,其中,不同的所述移相角度区间对应导通不同数目的所述电感支路。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的控制方法,其特征在于,控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断来改变流出所述滞后桥臂的电流,具体为:
    根据所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入所述补偿电路的电流或者流出所述滞后桥臂的电流,控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入所述补偿电路的电流,控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断,具体为:
    获得所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流入所述补偿电路的电流与预设电流的差值,根据所述差值控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断,其中,所述差值不同对应闭合不同数目的所述电感支路。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的控制方法,其特征在于,根据所述流出滞后桥臂的电流,控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断,具体为:
    根据所述滞后桥臂的可控开关管关断时刻流出所述滞后桥臂的电流与当前的所述电感支路的闭合数目获得流入所述补偿电路的电流,获得所述流入所述补偿电路的电流与预设电流的差值,根据所述差值控制所述电感支路中开关的导通或关断,其中,所述差值不同对应闭合不同数目的所述电感支路。
  19. 一种无线充电系统,其特征在于,包括无线充电接收装置和权利要求1-12任一项所述的无线充电发射装置;
    所述无线充电接收装置,用于接收所述无线充电发射装置发射的交变磁场,并将所述交变磁场转换为直流电提供给用电设备。
PCT/CN2019/079864 2019-03-27 2019-03-27 无线充电发射装置、发射方法及无线充电系统 WO2020191658A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201980001621.2A CN112219333B (zh) 2019-03-27 2019-03-27 无线充电发射装置、发射方法及无线充电系统
PCT/CN2019/079864 WO2020191658A1 (zh) 2019-03-27 2019-03-27 无线充电发射装置、发射方法及无线充电系统
EP19921861.1A EP3809555A4 (en) 2019-03-27 2019-03-27 DEVICE FOR WIRELESS CHARGE TRANSFER, TRANSFER METHOD AND WIRELESS CHARGING SYSTEM
BR112021003019-0A BR112021003019A2 (pt) 2019-03-27 2019-03-27 aparelho de transmissão de carregamento sem fio, método de transmissão, e sistema de carregamento sem fio
US17/157,697 US11190042B2 (en) 2019-03-27 2021-01-25 Wireless charging transmitting apparatus, transmitting method, and wireless charging system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2019/079864 WO2020191658A1 (zh) 2019-03-27 2019-03-27 无线充电发射装置、发射方法及无线充电系统

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US17/157,697 Continuation US11190042B2 (en) 2019-03-27 2021-01-25 Wireless charging transmitting apparatus, transmitting method, and wireless charging system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020191658A1 true WO2020191658A1 (zh) 2020-10-01

Family

ID=72610782

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2019/079864 WO2020191658A1 (zh) 2019-03-27 2019-03-27 无线充电发射装置、发射方法及无线充电系统

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11190042B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP3809555A4 (zh)
CN (1) CN112219333B (zh)
BR (1) BR112021003019A2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2020191658A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114123541A (zh) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-01 国网江苏省电力有限公司苏州供电分公司 一种用于lcc型无线充电系统充放电过程的优化控制方法
CN114678940A (zh) * 2022-03-21 2022-06-28 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 电源电路可控整流模块功率控制方法和系统

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101957575B1 (ko) * 2017-06-23 2019-03-13 인투코어테크놀로지 주식회사 전원 공급 장치 및 부하에 전원을 공급하는 방법
CN111864915B (zh) * 2020-07-27 2021-03-12 北京理工大学 宽功率范围内实现zvs的无线充电系统调控方法及系统
CN113410918B (zh) * 2021-07-26 2022-05-27 杭州电子科技大学温州研究院有限公司 一种双接收线圈的电流型无线电能传输系统

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102969776A (zh) * 2012-12-03 2013-03-13 中国科学院电工研究所 一种电动汽车无线充电装置
CN106560974A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2017-04-12 中兴新能源汽车有限责任公司 无线充电系统及汽车无线充电装置
DE102017101033A1 (de) * 2016-02-18 2017-08-24 Denso International America, Inc. Optimierte Kompensationsspulen für ein drahtloses Leistungsübertragungssystem
CN109327065A (zh) * 2018-12-06 2019-02-12 华为技术有限公司 无线充电系统的接收端、方法、用电终端、发射端及系统
US20190081516A1 (en) * 2017-09-11 2019-03-14 Apple Inc. Foreign Object Detection in Wireless Charging Systems with Multiple Power Receiving Devices Present on a Power Transmitting Device

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3797079B2 (ja) * 2000-09-06 2006-07-12 松下電工株式会社 放電灯点灯装置
US6462962B1 (en) * 2000-09-08 2002-10-08 Slobodan Cuk Lossless switching DC-to-DC converter
TW561675B (en) * 2001-12-10 2003-11-11 Ind Tech Res Inst PFC circuit with a snubber
EP1805880A2 (en) * 2004-10-20 2007-07-11 Ballard Power Systems Corporation Power system method and apparatus
US8080973B2 (en) * 2008-10-22 2011-12-20 General Electric Company Apparatus for energy transfer using converter and method of manufacturing same
CN101847936B (zh) * 2010-05-28 2012-07-04 南京航空航天大学 滞后臂并联辅助网络的软开关全桥直流变换器
JP2014508499A (ja) 2011-03-11 2014-04-03 ユタ ステート ユニバーシティ 非対称電圧相殺技術を使ってlclコンバータを制御する方法および装置
DE202011102068U1 (de) * 2011-06-07 2012-09-10 Voltwerk Electronics Gmbh Hochsetzsteller
CN103208855B (zh) * 2012-01-17 2016-06-29 华为技术有限公司 一种不间断电源和dc-dc变换器
US9571005B2 (en) * 2014-01-08 2017-02-14 Majid Pahlevaninezhad ZVS voltage source inverter
CN104702113B (zh) 2015-02-16 2017-03-01 湘潭大学 基于频率跟踪的无线输电系统zvs软开关实现装置及方法
WO2017062381A1 (en) * 2015-10-05 2017-04-13 Resilient Power Systems, LLC Power management utilizing synchronous common coupling
US10263473B2 (en) 2016-02-02 2019-04-16 Witricity Corporation Controlling wireless power transfer systems
CN106452080A (zh) 2016-09-12 2017-02-22 中国科学院电工研究所 一种电动汽车无线充电用逆变器
US10919401B2 (en) * 2017-01-12 2021-02-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Integrated wireless power transfer system
CN108964467A (zh) * 2018-06-08 2018-12-07 东南大学 复合式谐振全桥零电流开关直流变换器及其控制方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102969776A (zh) * 2012-12-03 2013-03-13 中国科学院电工研究所 一种电动汽车无线充电装置
DE102017101033A1 (de) * 2016-02-18 2017-08-24 Denso International America, Inc. Optimierte Kompensationsspulen für ein drahtloses Leistungsübertragungssystem
CN106560974A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2017-04-12 中兴新能源汽车有限责任公司 无线充电系统及汽车无线充电装置
US20190081516A1 (en) * 2017-09-11 2019-03-14 Apple Inc. Foreign Object Detection in Wireless Charging Systems with Multiple Power Receiving Devices Present on a Power Transmitting Device
CN109327065A (zh) * 2018-12-06 2019-02-12 华为技术有限公司 无线充电系统的接收端、方法、用电终端、发射端及系统

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP3809555A4 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114123541A (zh) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-01 国网江苏省电力有限公司苏州供电分公司 一种用于lcc型无线充电系统充放电过程的优化控制方法
CN114123541B (zh) * 2021-11-12 2024-03-01 国网江苏省电力有限公司苏州供电分公司 一种用于lcc型无线充电系统充放电过程的优化控制方法
CN114678940A (zh) * 2022-03-21 2022-06-28 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 电源电路可控整流模块功率控制方法和系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN112219333B (zh) 2022-12-30
BR112021003019A2 (pt) 2021-05-11
EP3809555A1 (en) 2021-04-21
EP3809555A4 (en) 2021-08-11
US11190042B2 (en) 2021-11-30
US20210152013A1 (en) 2021-05-20
CN112219333A (zh) 2021-01-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2020191658A1 (zh) 无线充电发射装置、发射方法及无线充电系统
Chen et al. A switching hybrid LCC-S compensation topology for constant current/voltage EV wireless charging
US9997930B2 (en) Wireless power transmission apparatus and wireless power transfer system
WO2021082408A1 (zh) 一种无线充电的接收端、系统及控制方法
US20220255358A1 (en) Wireless charging receiver, system, and control method
KR20170059389A (ko) 무선 충전기용 공진 컨버터 및 그 구현방법
WO2019128405A1 (zh) 无线充电接收装置、无线充电方法及设备
US20220340024A1 (en) Transmit end, receive end, method, and system for wireless charging
JP7431957B2 (ja) 無線充電受信端、システムおよび制御方法
US20190067997A1 (en) Wireless power transmitting apparatus and method thereof
JP2017519471A (ja) 電気で駆動する車両のインダクティブ充電のための伝送システム及び方法、並びに、車両構成
US11557921B2 (en) Wireless power system
CN109831013A (zh) 一种恒流-恒压副边自动切换电路及谐振式无线电能传输系统
CN114142623B (zh) 一种无线充电的发射端、接收端及无线充电系统
US10644540B2 (en) Contactless power transmission device and power transfer system
Dou et al. Investigation and design of wireless power transfer system for autonomous underwater vehicle
WO2021027823A1 (zh) 一种无线充电发射装置,发射方法及无线充电系统
US20170040844A1 (en) Efficient power transmitting terminal, contactless power transmission device and power transmission method
CN110299767A (zh) 一种具有三维抗偏移的恒压输出无线电能传输系统
CN116345716A (zh) 一种适用于e类主动整流器发射端的自适应谐振网络
Kavimandan et al. Dual independent control for inductive wireless power transfer
Ponnuswamy et al. Indirect Load Estimation of Double-Sided LCL Compensated Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicles Battery Charging
CN107517008B (zh) 用于无线电能传输系统的三相ac-ac变换器及其控制方法
Feng et al. Study of Double-Sided LCC Compensation Wireless Power Transfer Based on Zero Voltage Switching
CN117254603A (zh) 一种具有恒流、恒压输出特性无线电能传输系统

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 19921861

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2019921861

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20210113

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: BR

Ref legal event code: B01A

Ref document number: 112021003019

Country of ref document: BR

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 112021003019

Country of ref document: BR

Kind code of ref document: A2

Effective date: 20210218

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE