WO2020191098A1 - Méthode de production d'extraits de cannabis purifié - Google Patents

Méthode de production d'extraits de cannabis purifié Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020191098A1
WO2020191098A1 PCT/US2020/023433 US2020023433W WO2020191098A1 WO 2020191098 A1 WO2020191098 A1 WO 2020191098A1 US 2020023433 W US2020023433 W US 2020023433W WO 2020191098 A1 WO2020191098 A1 WO 2020191098A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
extraction process
cannabis
improved extraction
ethanol
crude
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2020/023433
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Vincent Andrew VASQUEZ
Wesley Edward STANLEY
Original Assignee
Quality Resources, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Quality Resources, Llc filed Critical Quality Resources, Llc
Publication of WO2020191098A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020191098A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0288—Applications, solvents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0269—Solid material in other moving receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/028—Flow sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0292—Treatment of the solvent
    • B01D11/0296—Condensation of solvent vapours
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
    • C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/78—Ring systems having three or more relevant rings
    • C07D311/80—Dibenzopyrans; Hydrogenated dibenzopyrans

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the art of producing extracts of plant material and is more specifically addressed to an improved process for making cannabis extracts.
  • Mexican cannabis fields a common source of imported cannabis, were frequently sprayed with toxic paraquat and similar weed killers in an attempt to eradicate the fields to discourage cultivation of cannabis.
  • domestic production often in Northern California, Oregon and Washington
  • domestic cannabis was safer although there was no adequate quality control to ensure that the domestic product did not contain toxic pesticides just like the imported material.
  • hashish is a yellow to brown solid that consists largely of the glandular trichomes that cover cannabis inflorescences. Virtually all of the cannabinoids produced by a cannabis plant are present in the glandular trichomes so that hashish represented a concentrated form of the active cannabis components.
  • Traditional hashish was produced by a labor-intensive process not suitable for use in the U.S. Soon, alternative cannabis concentrates were developed to replace hashish.
  • Cannabis extracts have been developed on a hit or miss basis. Although cannabis plants contain many different cannabinoids as well as a variety of other bioactive compounds, most early extracts were tested only to see if the extract made one “high” following consumption of the extract. Cannabis extracts may be consumed by eating or by smoking. However, the extracts are usually sticky or gummy and do not readily burn. This necessitates mixing with combustible material such as herbal cannabis for smoking purposes. However, an alternative means of consumption is to vaporize the extract using, for example, an electrically heated element. This form of consumption is known as“vaporizing” or“vaping” and is rapidly becoming the preferred way of consuming cannabis.
  • vaping is considered safer than traditional smoking: not only because there is no actual flame with the attendant danger of causing a fire, but also because the lack of combustion eliminates carbon monoxide and other harmful agents found in smoke.
  • the vapor will contain only those constituents of the extract that are vaporized by the heating element.
  • the extraction process can concentrate pesticides and other contaminants that are vaporized and inhaled during“vaping” cannabis extracts.
  • the extracts may also contain a variety of organic compounds present in the plant material that may also be inhaled. Even when these other compounds do not vaporize, they often “gum up” the vaporizing mechanism and render it unusable.
  • the ideal process should produce a contaminant-free product that does not clog vaporizer mechanisms.
  • the process should be quick, minimize the use and release of potentially toxic chemicals.
  • Cold ethanol is used for producing cannabis extracts milled cannabis material.
  • the milled cannabis material is packed into permeable containers (bags) which are immersed in a tank of cold ethanol. The containers are removed from the tank and solvent removed from the material and recycled to the tank as needed. Fresh containers of milled cannabis are placed in the same tank and extracted. This is repeated several times with the concentration of extracted cannabis compounds in the solvent increasing with each cycle.
  • the ethanolic extract is filtered to remove insoluble material.
  • the filtered extract is then distilled to recover ethanol for reuse in subsequent extractions. This yields a crude cannabis oil that is distilled at reduced pressures to remove terpenoids yielding a terpenoid-free cannabis oil.
  • Purified cannabinoids are then prepared by fractionally distilling the terpenoid-free cannabis oil.
  • Water-soluble toxic materials can be removed from the purified cannabinoids through a salt wash.
  • Organic-soluble toxic materials can be removed chromatographically. Some or all of the color (usually light to dark amber) can removed using additional chromatographic separation steps.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of the inventive process.
  • the inflorescence of the pistillate or“female” cannabis plant consists of a raceme (often with secondary and even tertiary branches) in which the actual flowers are surrounded by a complex of floral bracts and more-or-less leaf-like bracts. These bracts bear the glandular trichomes containing essentially all the cannabinoids and other active compounds.
  • the inflorescence is colloquially known as“flower” or“buds.” While it is possible to extract the entire inflorescence, tightly packed portions of the inflorescence are sold as high-quality herbal cannabis and are generally economically more valuable.
  • the inventive process starts by collecting trim which can come from any number of different growers.
  • the inventive process uses approximately 1 ,000 lbs. (about 454 kg.) of trim per batch.
  • the trim material consists of leaf and bract fragments of various sizes.
  • An initial analysis of cannabinoid content is made so that sub-batches of about 25 bags contain approximately the same average level of THC (A 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol).
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinolic acid
  • CBD cannabinoids
  • THC is dominant in most cultivars so that standardizing the THC concentration of the starting material aids in standardizing the overall extraction process.
  • the raw trim is prepare in the first step 10 by chopping (for example with a knife mill with a No. 3 screen) to produce a more uniform biomass wherein the largest particles are about 2-4 mm 2 in area.
  • the chopped cannabis material is aliquoted at the second step 12 into cylindrical mesh filter bags having a diameter of about 30 cm and a length of about 60 cm and a mesh size of about 75-100 pm with each bag holding about 3-5 lbs. (1 .36-2.27 kg) of chopped trim.
  • An extraction tank is filled with about 450 L of chilled ethanol (95-100% food grade ethanol) at minus 40 °C or lower.
  • At the third step 14 eight to ten filter bags of prepared trim are immersed in the tank and allowed to soak with gentle agitation for about 5 to 25 min. with 15 min being preferred. The bags are removed from the tank and centrifuged at 100-130 RPM for about 7 min.
  • the crude extract is then filtered at the fifth step 18 through a lenticular filter or a filter sack having a pore size of about 1 pm.
  • colored impurities can be reduced by passing the filtered crude extract though a short column containing about 20 L of activated carbon to yield filtered decolorized crude extract.
  • the majority of the ethanol solvent is then recovered for reuse in the sixth step 20 Recovery can be achieved by using 20 L rotary evaporator, a 75 L falling film evaporator or similar devices. The number, type and size of the evaporator can be selected according to desired rate of throughput.
  • the ethanol solvent may also contain terpenes or similar volatiles extracted from the cannabis material. Multiple distillation steps can be used to remove such volatiles. Removal of the majority of the ethanol from the extract yields crude cannabis oil. Depending on the mix of cultivars in the trim between about 16 and 30 g of crude oil can be recovered from each liter of ethanolic extract. The process yields between about 60 and 80 g of crude oil per kilogram of trim processed.
  • the seventh step 22 removes the terpenes and terpenoids. These compounds are more volatile than the cannabinoids and are removed first so there is no inadvertent contamination of the cannabinoids in subsequent steps.
  • the terpenes and terpenoids are removed by short path distillation at a reduced pressure. The use of a reduced pressure for distillation causes the terpenes and terpenoids to boil at lower temperatures which allows one to shorten the time and temperature to which the crude oil is exposed thereby limiting thermal decomposition of the cannabinoids.
  • the crude cannabis oil contains about 6-15% (depending on the mixture of cultivars that provide the trim) by weight terpenes/terpenoids as determined by weighing the recovered terpenes/terpenoids.
  • the crude oil is first heated to about 50 °C and after any vigorous boiling subsides, the temperature is raised by 5°C. The temperature is increased by 5°C increments (waiting for vigorous boiling to subside at each step) until a maximum temperature of about 200 °C is reached. The entire process takes less than about one hour. It will be appreciated that during this heating and distillation process decarboxylation of THCA to THC also takes place. This step yields terpene-free crude oil.
  • the terpene-free crude oil is then fractionally distilled in the eighth step 24 to separate the various cannabinoids using a fractionating distillation column or distilled using a wiped film evaporator at a reduced pressure below about 0.005— 0.03 Torr (about 0.667— 3.99 Pa).
  • Feed temperature for the wiped film evaporator is about 100 ⁇ to ensure that the oil flows.
  • the use of a wiped film evaporator is preferred because it limits the amount of time that the crude oil is exposed to elevated temperatures. It will be appreciated that THC distills at a lower temperature than other major cannabinoids so that the distillation temperature, the condenser temperature and the level of reduced pressure can be manipulated to separate THC from the other cannabinoids.
  • THC distills at a temperature of about 175 °C with a condenser temperature of 90 ⁇
  • the THC fractions are light yellow to gold in color while the higher boiling fractions are darker red-amber in color and may represent as much as 10- 15% (by weight) of the cannabinoids.
  • the process recovers between about 96-99% of the cannabinoids.
  • Recovery of THC is 88-94% with 99% purity.
  • Many modern cannabis cultivars produce primarily THC or THC and CBD so that these compounds are generally the desired end products of the purification process. However, the distillation process can readily be adjusted to separate other cannabinoids.
  • step 26 the water-soluble toxic material are eliminated in step 26 by subjecting the purified cannabinoid fractions to repeated water washes-salt water (brine) washes being preferred.
  • brine water washes-salt water
  • 7.5-15L of an approximately 0.026% (by weight) sodium chloride solution is used to wash each 5-10L of purified fractions diluted 50:50 with solvent (hexane and/or heptane).
  • solvent hexane and/or heptane
  • Organic solvent dilution while not essential, makes it easier to mix the cannabinoids with water. It will be understood that other ionic salt solutions can be readily substituted for the sodium chloride solution.
  • the water-organic mixture is stirred or shaken thoroughly and then allowed to phase separate. In most cases, the initial water washes will be somewhat to strongly colored.
  • the wash water is drawn off and the wash is repeated until the aqueous phase is essentially colorless. This can take up to about 26 wash cycles. Chromatographic separation can be substituted for the water wash
  • Organic soluble pesticides or other toxic materials are removed in step 28.
  • the washed organic solution (from step 26) is subjected to column chromatography on activated magnesium silicate (e.g., MagSil-PR or Florisil®, trademark of US Silica) or similar chromatographic media to remove organic soluble contaminates.
  • activated magnesium silicate e.g., MagSil-PR or Florisil®, trademark of US Silica
  • Such chromatographic purification ensures that the final product meets all regulations concerning pesticide presence.
  • Additional chromatographic steps 30 can be inserted to remove colored components to produce an essentially colorless product 32 although such steps results in some loss (as much as 10-12% of THC).
  • the organic solution is subjected to distillation to remove the added solvent using the same methods as those used to remove ethanol from the crude extract.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne également un procédé de production d'extraits de cannabis à partir d'un matériau de cannabis broyé par extraction avec de l'éthanol froid. Le matériau de cannabis est immergé dans un réservoir d'éthanol froid (14). Le solvant est retiré du matériau extrait et recyclé (20). L'extrait éthanolique résultant est filtré (18) puis distillé pour récupérer l'éthanol pour une réutilisation dans des extractions ultérieures. Ceci permet d'obtenir une huile de cannabis brute qui est distillée à des pressions réduites pour éliminer les terpénoïdes (22) donnant une huile de cannabis sans terpénoïde. Les cannabinoïdes purifiés sont ensuite préparés par distillation fractionnée de l'huile de cannabis sans terpénoïde (24).
PCT/US2020/023433 2019-03-20 2020-03-18 Méthode de production d'extraits de cannabis purifié WO2020191098A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201962821333P 2019-03-20 2019-03-20
US62/821,333 2019-03-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020191098A1 true WO2020191098A1 (fr) 2020-09-24

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112535879A (zh) * 2020-12-16 2021-03-23 上海来元科学仪器有限公司 一种高效cbd提取设备及其提取加工工艺

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140271940A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Sc Laboratories, Inc. Bioactive concentrates and uses thereof
US20160228787A1 (en) * 2015-02-06 2016-08-11 Joseph Francis Payack Method and Apparatus for Extracting Plant Oils Using Ethanol Water
US20170312651A1 (en) * 2016-04-14 2017-11-02 Yevgeniy Galyuk Methods to Reduce Chlorophyll Co-Extraction Through Extraction of Select Moieties Essential Oils and Aromatic Isolates
US9987567B1 (en) * 2017-09-29 2018-06-05 NextLeaf Solutions Ltd. Cannabinoid extraction process and system
WO2019060986A1 (fr) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Nextleaf Solutions Ltd Procédé d'extraction de cannabinoïdes utilisant de la saumure

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140271940A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Sc Laboratories, Inc. Bioactive concentrates and uses thereof
US20160228787A1 (en) * 2015-02-06 2016-08-11 Joseph Francis Payack Method and Apparatus for Extracting Plant Oils Using Ethanol Water
US20170312651A1 (en) * 2016-04-14 2017-11-02 Yevgeniy Galyuk Methods to Reduce Chlorophyll Co-Extraction Through Extraction of Select Moieties Essential Oils and Aromatic Isolates
US9987567B1 (en) * 2017-09-29 2018-06-05 NextLeaf Solutions Ltd. Cannabinoid extraction process and system
WO2019060986A1 (fr) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Nextleaf Solutions Ltd Procédé d'extraction de cannabinoïdes utilisant de la saumure

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
RESTEK CORPORATION: "Growing Analytical Solutions for Cannabis Testing", 31 December 2015 (2015-12-31), XP055708032, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.restekgmbh.de/sites/default/files/technical-library/ffbr2073a-unv_1.pdf> [retrieved on 20200623] *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112535879A (zh) * 2020-12-16 2021-03-23 上海来元科学仪器有限公司 一种高效cbd提取设备及其提取加工工艺

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