WO2020188198A1 - Puce microfluidique pour attirer et detruire un element biologique specifique - Google Patents
Puce microfluidique pour attirer et detruire un element biologique specifique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020188198A1 WO2020188198A1 PCT/FR2020/050527 FR2020050527W WO2020188198A1 WO 2020188198 A1 WO2020188198 A1 WO 2020188198A1 FR 2020050527 W FR2020050527 W FR 2020050527W WO 2020188198 A1 WO2020188198 A1 WO 2020188198A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/18—Growth factors; Growth regulators
- A61K38/1858—Platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/18—Growth factors; Growth regulators
- A61K38/1808—Epidermal growth factor [EGF] urogastrone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/18—Growth factors; Growth regulators
- A61K38/1825—Fibroblast growth factor [FGF]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/18—Growth factors; Growth regulators
- A61K38/1841—Transforming growth factor [TGF]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/18—Growth factors; Growth regulators
- A61K38/1858—Platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF]
- A61K38/1866—Vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
- A61K38/195—Chemokines, e.g. RANTES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/40—Applying electric fields by inductive or capacitive coupling ; Applying radio-frequency signals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
- A61B2017/00221—Electrical control of surgical instruments with wireless transmission of data, e.g. by infrared radiation or radiowaves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00613—Irreversible electroporation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1405—Electrodes having a specific shape
- A61B2018/1407—Loop
Definitions
- the present application relates to the field of microfluidic devices capable of attracting and destroying a specific biological element. More specifically, the present application relates to a microfluidic chip capable of attracting and destroying in vivo a specific biological element, such as a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell.
- Blood cell tumors also called hematopoietic cancers, are cancers affecting the blood or lymphoid organs, such as leukemia and lymphoma.
- carcinomas As regards solid tumors, a distinction is made between carcinomas and adenocarcinomas, cancers originating from epithelial tissue. There are also sarcomas which correspond to cancerous cells appearing in a so-called support tissue, which is then referred to as osteosarcoma for the bones, liposarcoma for fat or even myosarcoma for the muscles.
- Surgery can be used as a single treatment when the tumor is very localized, especially when the tumor is at an early stage, but it is often associated with other treatments such as radiotherapy which is also a local treatment and / or with treatments such as chemotherapy, which is a systemic treatment that potentially acts on all cancer cells in the body.
- the advantage of local surgery for the treatment of a solid tumor is the ability to remove all of the tumor when possible and to preserve organs and anatomical structures not affected by cancer cells. It also makes it possible to limit the side effects attributed to radiotherapy treatment such as burns, or the generation of radiation-induced cancers, and to chemotherapy such as skin reactions, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle pain, fatigue, fall hair as well as chemo-induced cancers.
- the resection area includes an area of healthy tissue around the tumor, which corresponds to the resection margin.
- the tumor cells of the primary tumor are included in the area of resection and there will be no recurrence.
- some tumor cells are located beyond the resection area either locally or remotely and then a recurrence is possible either locally or remotely to form metastases, that is to say secondary colonies of cancer cells which spread far from the organ affected by the initial tumor and which are the cause of so-called “metastatic” cancer in an organ other than that in which the solid tumor was located.
- Chemotherapy can be used after local surgery to remove the tumor, known as “adjuvant chemotherapy” in order to prevent the recurrence and / or the formation of metastatic cancer.
- adjuvant chemotherapy in order to prevent the recurrence and / or the formation of metastatic cancer.
- many side effects are caused by this drug treatment.
- reference can in particular be made to chemo-induced cancers which by definition correspond to new tumors occurring in patients treated with cytotoxic drugs for a first malignant tumor and caused by them, reference can also be made to the risk of generating resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic treatment thus greatly limiting the possibilities of eliminating said cells.
- the present invention provides a microfluidic chip for attracting and destroying a specific biological element and in particular a eukaryotic cell such as a cancer cell.
- Said chip being particularly suitable for being implanted in vivo at the resection zone of a solid tumor in order to attract and destroy in vivo the remaining cancer cells.
- Microfluidic devices have been described in the prior art for their use in the field of cancer treatment. Reference may in particular be made to document WO2018 / 089989 A1 which describes an ex vivo device for the treatment of cancer by subjecting a biological fluid such as blood to electromagnetic radiation specific to the type of cancer cell targeted and capable of destroying it.
- No prior art document describes or suggests a microfluidic chip for attracting and destroying, preferably in vivo, a cancerous cell after resection of a solid tumor and thus preventing and / or reducing the risks of local recurrence and / or or development of metastatic cancer.
- microfluidic chip for attracting and preferably destroying in vivo, a specific biological element
- said microfluidic chip comprising a reservoir consisting of a matrix comprising a chemoattractant compound capable of attracting a biological element, at least one network of microchannels putting the reservoir into communication with the external medium of the chip and at least one electrode capable of generating an electric field to destroy the biological element.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip for attracting and destroying a specific biological element, said chip comprising:
- a reservoir (1) consisting of a matrix comprising a chemoattractant compound capable of attracting the biological element
- At least one electrode (4) arranged between the reservoir (1) and the network of microchannels (2) or at the same location as the network of microchannels (2), said electrode (4) being able to generate an electric field so in destroying the biological element during its passage to the reservoir (1).
- Figure 1 is a sectional view of the chip according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 represents the upper part (6) of the chip seen from above.
- FIG. 3 represents the lower part (5) of the chip seen from above.
- FIG. 4 represents an exploded view from below of the chip according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 represents an exploded view from above of the chip according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 represents a sectional view of the chip according to the invention on a scale of 5: 0.5 cm.
- Figure 7 shows a sectional view of the chip on a scale of 5: 1 cm.
- Fig. 8 is an inverted fluorescence microscope image with x5 objective, at the microchannel level, showing breast cancer tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) (14) in the absence of gradient.
- Figure 9 is an inverted fluorescence microscope image with an x5 objective, at the microchannel level, showing breast cancer tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) (14) attracted into the chip from a gradient of fetal calf serum (FCS) with 1% FCS outside the chip and 10 ⁇ l of pure FCS inside the reservoir.
- FCS fetal calf serum
- Figure 10 is an inverted fluorescence microscope image with an x10 objective, at the microchannel level, showing breast cancer tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) (14) in the absence of gradient.
- Figure 11 is an inverted fluorescence microscope image with an x5 objective, at the central chip reservoir, showing breast cancer tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) (14) in the absence of gradient.
- Figure 12 is an inverted x10 objective fluorescence microscope image, at the microchannel level, showing breast cancer tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) (14) drawn into the chip from a gradient of fetal calf serum (FCS) with 1% FCS outside the chip and 10 ⁇ l of pure FCS inside the reservoir.
- MDA-MB-231 breast cancer tumor cells
- FCS fetal calf serum
- Figure 13 is an inverted x5 objective fluorescence microscope image at the central chip reservoir, showing breast cancer tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) (14) drawn into the chip from a gradient of fetal calf serum (FCS) with 1% FCS outside the chip and 10mI of pure FCS inside the reservoir.
- MDA-MB-231 breast cancer tumor cells
- FCS fetal calf serum
- Figure 14 is an inverted 10-fold objective fluorescence microscope image at the microchannel level showing breast cancer tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) (14) attracted into the chip from a gradient of SDF-1 chemoattractant (1 ⁇ g of SDF-1 chemoattractant present in the central reservoir of the chip).
- Figure 15 is an inverted 5x objective fluorescence microscope image at the central chip reservoir, showing breast cancer tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) (14) drawn into the chip from a gradient of SDF-1 chemoattractant (1 ⁇ g of SDF-1 chemoattractant present in the central reservoir of the chip).
- FIG. 16 is an image by inverted fluorescence microscope, representing the tumor cells of breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) on a glass slide containing an interdigitated electrode, after 48h of culture in a 5% CO2 incubator and humidity 95%, in the absence of electroporation.
- Figure 17 is an inverted fluorescence microscope image, showing breast cancer tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) on a glass slide containing a interdigitated electrode, destroyed by electroporation by application of an electric field by an interdigitated electrode of 5v 100ps 1 hertz at d0 and at d0 + 3 hours.
- Figure 18 is an inverted fluorescence microscope image, at the microchannel level, showing breast cancer tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) in the absence of gradient and pulsed electric field.
- Figure 19 is an inverted fluorescence microscope image, at the microchannel level, showing breast cancer tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) drawn into the chip from a gradient of SDF-1 (1 pg of SDF-1 chemoattractant present in the central reservoir of the chip) without a pulsed electric field.
- Figure 20 is an inverted fluorescence microscope image, at the microchannel level, showing breast cancer tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) drawn into the chip from a gradient of SDF-1. (1 pg of SDF-1 chemoattractant present in the central reservoir of the chip) and a pulsed electric field of 5v 100 ms 1 hertz.
- Fig. 21 is a graph showing the release of BSA-FITC (mimicking SDF-1) from an alginate matrix contained in a microfluidic chip according to the invention over a period of 50 days.
- Figure 22 is a graph showing the release of SDF-1 from an alginate matrix over a 50 day period.
- microfluidic chip for attracting and destroying a biological element, such as a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell.
- This microfluidic chip is particularly advantageous for attracting and destroying a cancerous cell in vivo after resection of a solid tumor in order to prevent and / or reduce the risks of local recurrence and / or the development of metastatic cancer.
- a "microfluidic chip” is a device comprising a network of microchannels, that is to say channels of micrometric size, etched or molded in a material, connected to each other and connecting the inside of the chip to the outside of the chip. chip by inputs and outputs pierced through the chip, to achieve a desired function.
- the microfluidic chip can be obtained by specific processes such as by deposition and electrodeposition, engraving, bonding, injection molding, embossing, soft lithography, anodic welding, or any other technology. These manufacturing processes are known to those skilled in the art.
- the desired function of the microfluidic chip is to be able to attract in vivo a specific biological element, preferably a eukaryotic cell such as a cancer cell, and to destroy it in vivo.
- microchannel network corresponds to a multitude of channels, connected to the outside of the chip by inputs and outputs pierced through the chip.
- the microchannels can for example be made from a mold, or directly from the material of the microfluidic chip.
- the number of microchannels varies depending on the diameter of the chip, the width of the microchannels or the spacing between said microchannels. By way of example, for a chip of one centimeter in diameter with channels 10 ⁇ m in width, said microchannels may number around 1500.
- Each microchannel making up the microchannel network corresponds to a passage whose height can be from a few micrometers to a few hundred micrometers with a length from a few hundred micrometers to a few millimeters.
- the cross section of a microchannel can in principle have any two-dimensional shape, such as a square, rectangle, circle, or a combination thereof.
- a microchannel can be straight or curved.
- the width of a microchannel is the horizontal distance of the two points which are on opposite edges of the cross section and which are furthest from each other.
- the height of a microchannel is the vertical distance of the points located on the opposite edges of the cross section and furthest from each other.
- the length of a microchannel is the distance between the two ends of said channel, the length of a microchannel corresponds to the largest dimension.
- the two shorter dimensions generally define the aforementioned cross section.
- the term “electrode” refers to any element capable of conducting an electric current and comprising two conductors separated by an air gap at a distance of between 1 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
- the present application refers to an electrode, in the singular for reasons of clarity, the person skilled in the art understanding that an electrode is composed of two said conductors separated by an air gap so that the current can be conducted.
- the microfluidic chip is preferably “intended to be implanted in vivo”, that is to say that the microfluidic chip is intended and capable of being implanted within a living being, preferably a mammal and in particular a human being.
- the chip can be implanted in a living being without interfering with or degrading the tissues with which it is in contact and that said chip is able to function in vivo, that is to say attract and destroy an element specific biological in vivo, preferably a eukaryotic cell such as a cancer cell, and destroy it in vivo.
- biological element refers to any element comprising genetic information in the form of RNA or DNA and capable of being found within a living organism, that is to say. say in vivo, such as prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells and microorganisms.
- prokaryotic cells such as a bacterium
- eukaryotic cell such as an animal cell.
- specific biological element or “target biological element” refers to the biological element of interest in the context of the use of the chip, that is to say the biological element that one wishes to attract. and destroy in vivo.
- the chemoattractant compound present in the reservoir being chosen to attract the biological element of interest in the context of the use of the microfluidic chip.
- the term “at the same location as the network of microchannels” refers to the fact that the electrode is arranged at the level of the network of microchannels, more precisely on or under the network of microchannels. Preferably, the electrode is placed on the network of microchannels.
- the biological element of interest is a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell, more preferably the biological element of interest is a eukaryotic cell. Even more preferably, the eukaryotic cell is a cancer cell, preferably a metastatic cancer cell.
- a “cancer cell” is a cell in which one or more major DNA damage has occurred, thus transforming the normal cell into a cancer cell capable of proliferating to form a group of identical transformed cells, that is to say a tumor.
- the term “cancerous cell” refers to a cell resulting from a solid tumor called initial or original or primary, present at or near the area of resection of the tumor. solid.
- the term “cancerous cell” also refers to a “metastatic cancer cell”, that is to say a cancerous cell capable of or having migrated through the body via the blood vessels. or lymphatic from the original tumor and capable of or having colonized one or more other tissues near or at a distance from said tumor, thus forming metastases, the origin of “metastatic cancers” or even “metastatic tumors”.
- the cancer cell is a cell resulting from a so-called secondary or tertiary solid tumor which correspond to metastatic tumors in a second or third tissue or organ other than that of the initial tumor.
- microfluidic chip according to the present invention is capable of attracting and destroying several of said elements and cells in vivo. It should also be noted that the microfluidic chip according to the present invention is capable of attracting and destroying in vivo several specific biological elements which may be of a different nature, said elements being attracted within the chip by the specific choice of the compound (s). chemoattractants present in the tank.
- the term “prevent” denotes a reduction in the risk of acquiring a disease or a specified disorder, the reduction or the slowing down of the onset of symptoms of this disease.
- the term “prevent” may correspond to the reduction of the risk of spreading an infection when the biological element is a prokaryotic cell or to the reduction of the risk of local recurrence of the cancer and / or the risk of the appearance of metastases, more precisely of metastatic cancers when the biological element is a eukaryotic cell of the cancerous type.
- the term “treating” refers to an improvement or reversal of a specified disease or disorder or of at least one discernible symptom.
- the term “treating” can also refer to reducing or slowing the progression of the disease or disorder, or the onset of symptoms of such disease or disorder.
- the term “treat” may correspond to the reduction or slowing down of the progression of an infection when the element biological is a prokaryotic cell or the reduction or slowing down of the appearance of metastases, more precisely of metastatic cancers when the biological element is a eukaryotic cell of the cancerous type.
- the microfluidic chip is preferably intended to be implanted in vivo in a subject.
- the subject within the scope of the present invention is a living being, preferably a mammal and more particularly human beings, children, men or women.
- solid cancer or “solid tumor” we mean an individualized mass of cancer cells in any tissue such as skin, mucous membranes, bones, or any other tissue present in organs, that is i.e. carcinomas from epithelial cells such as skin, mucous membranes, glands and sarcomas from connective and supporting tissue cells such as bone, cartilage.
- solid cancer or “solid tumor” refers to a carcinoma such as cancer of the breast, lungs, prostate, bladder, salivary glands, cancer. skin, bowel, colon-rectum, thyroid, cervix, endometrium and ovaries, lip-mouth-laryngeal cancer, kidney, liver, brain, testes , pancreas, preferably breast cancer.
- solid tumors are not limiting.
- chemoattractant compound refers to any compound capable of attracting by chemotaxis a biological element, preferably a cell expressing specific membrane receptors for this compound at its surface, said biological element moving as a function of the chemoattractant compound concentration gradient.
- the chemoattractant compound is capable of inducing the displacement of one or more specific biological elements as a function of the concentration gradient of said compound by positive chemotaxis, the biological element moving towards the region where the concentration of chemoattractant compound is the highest.
- the chemoattractant compound is said to be “capable of attracting” a specific biological element when it allows the displacement of said element inside the microfluidic chip and in particular towards the reservoir of chemoattractant compound in which is the highest concentration of chemoattractant compound.
- chemoattractant compound is chosen according to the specific biological element of interest.
- the chemoattractant compound is chosen according to the type of membrane receptors that this cell expresses.
- the chemoattractant compound can be a cytokine, that is to say a polypeptide or a soluble protein synthesized by a cell and acting at a distance on other cells to regulate the thereof.
- chemokines colony stimulating factors of granulocytes and macrophages such as M-CSF, G-CSF, CSF-1
- growth factors and transforming growth factors such as TGF alpha, TGF beta, EGF, betacellulin, amphiregulin, heregulin, HBEGF, FGF, VEGF
- tumor necrosis factors such as NGF, TNF alpha, TNF beta, interferons such as IFN alpha, IFN beta, IFN gamma, IFN lambda and interleukins such as IL-1 to IL-38.
- the biological element is a eukaryotic cell such as a cancer cell
- the chemoattractant compound is chosen from chemokines, growth factors and transformational growth factors.
- a chemokine is a small protein of 8 to 14 kilo daltons characterized by the presence of four cysteine residues in conserved positions allowing the formation of their three-dimensional structure. Chemokines can be classified into four subfamilies according to the spacing between two of their cysteines in the N-terminal position, one can in particular refer to the CXC or alpha family, i.e. from which the first two cysteines are separated. with any amino acid, the CC or beta family, the CX3C or delta family, the C or gamma family.
- chemokine in the context of the present invention can for example be chosen from the following chemokines: CXCL12, also called stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), CCL5, CCL2, CCL3, CCL7, CCL19, CCL21, CCL22, CCL25 , CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8, CX3CL1.
- CXCL12 also called stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)
- SDF-1 stromal cell-derived factor 1
- a growth factor is a protein of low molecular weight (less than 30 kilo daltons) which stimulates cell multiplication and is recognized by specific membrane receptors which are most often tyrosine kinases.
- the growth factor in the context of the present invention can for example be chosen from TGF alpha or beta (transforming growth factor alpha or beta), FGF (fibroblast growth factor alpha), EGF (epidermal growth factor), betacellulin amphiregulin, heregulin, HBEGF, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor).
- the chemoattractant compound can be a peptide carrying a formylated N group such as N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or even carbohydrate molecules such as glucose .
- FMLP N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
- the chemoattractant compound is included in a matrix which is composed of a biocompatible material as defined in the present invention.
- the biocompatible material of the matrix being chosen specifically according to the chemoattractant compound, the desired release profile as well as the context of use of the microfluidic chip.
- the term “external medium” refers to the tissues located around the microfluidic chip when the latter is implanted in vivo, more precisely to the tissues located directly in contact with the chip, up to 300 mm, preferably up to 150 mm, more preferably up to 100 mm around the chip.
- resection of a solid tumor is meant the removal, ablation or even resection of a solid tumor, for example by surgery.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip for attracting and destroying in vivo a specific biological element.
- a first object of the invention relates to a microfluidic chip for attracting and destroying a specific biological element, said chip comprising:
- a reservoir (1) consisting of a matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound capable of attracting a biological element at least one network of microchannels (2) arranged between the reservoir (1) and the external medium (3) of the chip and making it possible to allowing the chemoattractant compound to pass to said medium and allowing the biological element present in said medium to pass towards the reservoir (1) at least one electrode (4) arranged between the reservoir (1) and the network of microchannels (2) or at the same location as the microchannel network (2), said electrode being able to generate an electric field so as to destroy the biological element during its passage to the reservoir (1).
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip intended to be implanted in vivo to attract and destroy a specific biological element, preferably a eukaryotic cell, said chip comprising:
- a reservoir (1) consisting of a matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound capable of attracting a biological element in vivo at least one network of microchannels (2) arranged between the reservoir (1) and the external medium (3) of the chip and allowing the chemoattractant compound to pass to said medium and to allow the biological element present in said medium to pass towards the reservoir (1) at least one electrode (4) arranged between the reservoir (1) and the network of microchannels (2 ) or at the same location as the network of microchannels (2), said electrode being able to generate an electric field so as to destroy the biological element in vivo during its passage to the reservoir (1).
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip intended to be implanted in vivo to attract and destroy a eukaryotic cell, preferably a cancer cell, said chip comprising:
- a reservoir (1) consisting of a matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound capable of attracting said cell in vivo
- At least one network of microchannels (2) disposed between the reservoir (1) and the external medium (3) of the chip and allowing the chemoattractant compound to pass to said medium and allowing said cell present in said medium to pass towards the reservoir (1) at least one electrode (4) arranged between the reservoir (1) and the network of microchannels (2) or at the same location as the network of microchannels (2), said electrode (4) being able to generate a field electrical so as to destroy said cell during its passage to the reservoir (1) in vivo.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip intended to be implanted in vivo to attract and destroy a specific biological element, preferably a eukaryotic cell, more preferably a cancerous cell, said chip comprising: a reservoir (1) consisting of a matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound capable of attracting said cell in vivo
- At least one network of microchannels (2) disposed between the reservoir (1) and the external medium (3) of the chip and allowing the chemoattractant compound to pass to said medium and allowing said cell present in said medium to pass towards the reservoir (1) at least one electrode (4) arranged between the reservoir (1) and the network of microchannels (2), said electrode (4) being able to generate an electric field so as to destroy said cell during its passage towards the reservoir (1) in vivo.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip intended to be implanted in vivo to attract and destroy a specific biological element, preferably a eukaryotic cell, more preferably a cancerous cell, said chip comprising:
- a reservoir (1) consisting of a matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound capable of attracting said cell in vivo
- At least one network of microchannels (2) disposed between the reservoir (1) and the external medium (3) of the chip and allowing the chemoattractant compound to pass to said medium and allowing said cell present in said medium to pass towards the reservoir (1) at least one electrode (4) disposed at the same location as the network of microchannels (2), said electrode (4) being able to generate an electric field so as to destroy said cell during its passage to the reservoir ( 1) in vivo.
- the electrode is placed on or under the network of microchannels, more preferably the electrode is placed on the network of microchannels.
- the matrix of the reservoir (1) comprising the chemoattractant compound is formed from a biocompatible material.
- the chemoattractant compound included in the matrix of the reservoir (1) makes it possible to attract in vivo the specific biological element within the chip by positive chemotaxis, the biological element migrating towards the reservoir (1) where the concentration of chemoattractant compound is the highest.
- the microchannel network (2) for its part allows the passage by diffusion of the chemoattractant compound from the reservoir (1) to the external environment (3) of the chip as well as the passage of the specific biological element from the outside middle (3) of the chip towards the inside of the chip, in the direction of the reservoir (1).
- the electrode (4) is arranged between the reservoir (1) and the network of microchannels (2) so that when the specific biological element enters the chip from the external environment (3) through the network of microchannels (2 ) and in the direction of the reservoir (1), the electric field generated by said electrode (4) destroys the biological element in vivo during its passage in the direction of the reservoir (1).
- the biological element is preferably a cancer cell and in particular a cancer cell originating from cancer or from a solid tumor.
- the migration of this cell inside the chip takes place by adhesion to the support on which the electrode (4) is placed, the electric field generated by the electrode then being able to destroy the cell in vivo when it is released. passage towards the reservoir (1).
- the microchannel network (2) of the microfluidic chip according to the present invention is preferably located on the outer edge of said chip, that is to say in contact with the external medium (3), thus ensuring communication between said medium and the interior space of the chip.
- the chip according to the present invention can comprise several networks of microchannels (2), for example two networks of microchannels.
- the microfluidic chip according to the invention comprises a single electrode (4).
- the microfluidic chip according to the invention comprises several electrodes (4).
- the electrode can more particularly be arranged:
- the microfluidic chip according to the first object of the invention comprises a lower part (5) and an upper part (6), the reservoir (1) comprising the matrix of chemoattractant compound, the network of microchannels (2) and the electrode ( 4) which can be included independently of one another in the upper part (6) and / or the lower part (5) of said chip.
- the upper part (6) of the microfluidic chip is able to be placed on the lower part (5) to form a cover, said parts being fixed together.
- the microfluidic chip according to the present invention comprises a lower part (5) comprising a part of the reservoir (1), the network of microchannels (2) and the electrode (4), and an upper part (6) comprising a part of the reservoir (1) and suitable for being placed on the lower part (5), said parts being fixed together.
- the microfluidic chip according to the present invention comprises a lower part (5) comprising a part of the reservoir (1), the electrode (4), and an upper part (6) comprising a part of the reservoir (1). ) and the network of microchannels (2), said upper part being able to be placed on the lower part (5), said parts being fixed together.
- the term “included in” is understood to mean the fact that the electrode is deposited and / or integrated on the lower and / or upper part of the chip. Preferably, the electrode is integrated on the lower part of the chip.
- the reservoir (1) included in the lower part (5) and in the upper part (6) corresponds to one and the same reservoir, one part of which is located in the upper part of the chip and the other part is in the bottom of the chip.
- the term “upper part (6)” is understood to mean “suitable for being placed on the lower part (5) to form a cover” the fact that the shape of the upper part (6) is such that it is adapts to that of the lower part (5) on which it rests without hindering the functionality of each element making up the lower part (5) and makes it possible to form a cover closing the chip.
- the upper (6) and lower (5) part of the microfluidic chip are rounded so that the chip is implanted in vivo without damaging the tissues.
- the chip is of rounded shape, with for example the upper and lower part having the shape of a half-oval or of a hemisphere so that when the upper part is arranged on the lower part, the microfluidic chip is respectively of shape oval or spherical.
- the size of the microfluidic chip according to the first object is suitable for in vivo implantation and is of the order of a few centimeters, preferably between 0.5 and 5 cm, more preferably between 1 and 3 cm, even more preferably. of 1 cm.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip in which the reservoir (1), the network of microchannels (2) and the electrode (4) are of annular shape and in which the reservoir is located at the center of the chip.
- the ring shape corresponds to a ring shape.
- This particular configuration makes it possible in particular to ensure a radial diffusion of the chemoattractant compound included in the reservoir (1) towards the external medium (3) and a homogeneous attraction of the biological element from said medium towards the reservoir (1), thanks to the central location of the reservoir (1) and the annular shape of the microchannel network (2).
- the annular shape of the electrode (4) arranged between the reservoir (1) and the network of microchannels (2) advantageously makes it possible to ensure effective destruction of each biological element which penetrates the chip and originating from any one. direction.
- the lower part (5) and the upper part (6) of the microfluidic chip can be attached to each other by any physical or chemical means (12), suitable for use in vivo.
- any physical or chemical fixing means reference may be made respectively to a screw or to an adhesive suitable for in vivo use of the chip or even to a prominent element coming opposite a hollow element present in the chip. lower and upper part to assemble them.
- the upper part (6) comprises one or more openings through which one or more screws can be inserted and the lower part (5) comprises one or more nuts suitable for receiving said screw or screws.
- the upper part (6) of the microfluidic chip according to the invention comprises a central opening through which a screw is able to be inserted and the lower part (5) comprises a central nut adapted to receive said screw.
- the annular reservoir (1) is arranged around the central opening present on the upper part (6) and the central nut present on the lower part (5) of the chip.
- the microfluidic chip comprises one or more seals (7) capable of sealing the chip, said seals (7) being arranged between the lower part (5) and the upper part (6) above the microchannel network ( 2).
- seal capable of making the chip waterproof is understood here to mean the property of the seal of not allowing fluids which may be present in the external environment (3) such as blood, such as blood, to enter within said chip and not to let out. in the external environment, the liquids and materials present inside said chip by a place other than by the network of microchannels (2).
- the position of said seal (s) (7) above the microchannel network (2) making it possible not to hinder the diffusion of the chemoattractant compound towards the external medium (3) nor the passage of the specific cell present in said medium within the chip, in the direction of the reservoir (1).
- the seals make it possible to create a bearing zone between the upper and lower part of the chip.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip in which the upper part (6) and / or the lower part (5) comprise an annular cavity i) (8) capable of receiving the matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound, and an annular cavity ii) (10) disposed between the reservoir (1) and the microchannel network (2), capable of receiving a liquid in which the chemoattractant compound is capable of diffusing.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip in which the upper part (6) and / or the lower part (5) comprise an annular cavity i) (8) capable of receiving the matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound via d 'one or more openings (9) communicating with the external environment (3) and opening into said cavity, and an annular cavity ii) (10) arranged between the reservoir (1) and the network of microchannels (2), capable of receiving a liquid in which the chemoattractant compound is able to diffuse, via one or more openings (11) communicating with the external environment (3) and opening into said cavity.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip in which the upper part (6) and the lower part (5) comprise an annular cavity i) (8) capable of receiving the matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound via one or more openings (9) communicating with the external environment (3) and opening into said cavity, and an annular cavity ii) (10) arranged between the reservoir (1) and the network of microchannels (2), capable of receiving a liquid in which the chemoattractant compound is capable of diffusing, via one or more openings (11) communicating with the external environment (3) and opening into said cavity.
- the chemoattractant compound is added to the matrix of the reservoir (1) before it is added to the annular cavity i) (8).
- the chemoattractant compound can be added in the annular cavity i) (8) before or after the addition in this same cavity of the matrix forming the reservoir (1).
- the matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound and the liquid in which the chemoattractant compound is capable of diffusing are added respectively into the annular cavity i) (8) and into the annular cavity ii) via said openings (9, 11), preferably after the upper part (6) has been placed on the lower part (5).
- the liquid in which the chemoattractant compound is capable of diffusing is preferably an aqueous solution such as physiological saline or a physiological buffer solution such as an aqueous solution comprising a phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
- aqueous solution such as physiological saline or a physiological buffer solution
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- each of the cavities after said additions is ensured by sealing the openings by means of gaskets, for example in PDMS or any other suitable material, said gaskets being located at the outlet of these openings (9, 11) and communicating with the external environment (3).
- the annular cavity i) (8) is included in the upper part (6) and the lower part (5) of the chip, the opening (s) (9) opening into this cavity located in the lower part (5). ) of the chip, and the annular cavity ii) (10) as well as the opening (s) (11) opening into this cavity are included in the upper part (6) of the chip.
- the chip according to the present invention is made of a biocompatible material.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip in which the upper part (6) and the lower part (5) are made of a biocompatible material.
- the upper part (6) and the lower part (5) as such as well as the elements which they comprise are made of a biocompatible material. More precisely still, the upper part (6), the lower part (5), the reservoir (1) in particular the matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound, the network of microchannels (2), the electrode (4) and the seals ( 7) are made of a biocompatible material.
- biocompatible material or “biomaterial” is meant a material having the capacity not to interfere, not to degrade the biological environment in which it is used, even in direct or indirect contact, brief or prolonged with fabrics and fluids internal parts of the body of a human or animal.
- a biocompatible material which can be used within the framework of the present invention, reference may be made in a non-exhaustive manner to glass, to ceramics such as alumina, zirconia, hydroxyapatite, to metals and metal alloys such as titanium, platinum, polymers of natural origin such as collagen, agarose, chitosan, carrageenan, xanthan and alginate or degradable synthetic such as polyesters and polyanhydrides or non-degradable such as polyurethanes, cellulose and its derivatives, vinyl polymers.
- the polymers of synthetic origin are PEEK (polyetheretherketone) or PDMS (polydimethylsiloxa ne).
- the upper part (6), the lower part (5) and the network of microchannels (2) are independently of each other, made of polymers of synthetic origin such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or polyetheretherketone. (PEEK). More preferably, the upper part (6), the lower part (5) are made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
- the microchannel network (2) is made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
- the electrode (4) is made of titanium and / or of platinum, more preferably of titanium and platinum.
- the reservoir (1) and in particular the matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound is made of collagen and / or of alginate, more preferably said reservoir, in particular said matrix, is made of alginate.
- the upper part (6), the lower part (5) and the network of microchannels (2) of the chip according to the invention are made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), the reservoir (1) of chemoattractant compound is alginate and the electrode (4) is titanium and platinum.
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip in which the matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound is composed of a biocompatible material, preferably a crosslinked polymer.
- the crosslinked polymer making up the matrix is a polymer of natural origin and in particular collagen and / or alginate, preferably alginate.
- crosslinking of a polymer corresponds to the formation of one or more three-dimensional networks from linear or branched polymers, by chemical and / or physical means.
- Those skilled in the art know how to induce crosslinking of polymers according to the polymers considered, by way of example the crosslinking can be carried out by heating and / or by the use of a crosslinking agent.
- a so-called “crosslinked” polymer is a polymer in which some of its chains are linked together by strong or weak bonds.
- collagen can be crosslinked by the use of crosslinking agents such as gaseous ammonia, oxidized sugars or aldehydes at room temperature and the alginate can be crosslinked in a bath of calcium chloride at room temperature. ambient temperature.
- crosslinking agents such as gaseous ammonia, oxidized sugars or aldehydes at room temperature
- the alginate can be crosslinked in a bath of calcium chloride at room temperature. ambient temperature.
- the biocompatible material composing the matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound is alginate crosslinked in a calcium chloride bath, preferably at room temperature.
- the crosslinking of the biocompatible material composing the matrix comprising the chemoattractant compound advantageously allows a sustained release of this compound.
- sustained release is meant a controlled and continuous release kinetics of the chemoattractant compound over a period of time.
- the release of the chemoattractant compound takes place between 3 days and 6 months, preferably between 15 days and 3 months.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip in which the percentage by mass of chemoattractant compound / matrix of the reservoir (1) is between 0.1 and 20%, preferably between 0.5 and 10% and more preferably between 0.5 and 5%.
- the chemoattractant compound included in the reservoir of the microfluidic chip and in particular in the matrix of the reservoir is preferably chosen from chemokines such as CXCL12, also called stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), CCL5, CCL2, CCL3, CCL7, CCL19, CCL21, CCL22, CCL25, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8, CX3CL1, growth factors and transformative growth factors such as TGF alpha or beta (transforming growth factor alpha or beta), FGF (fibroblast growth factor alpha), EGF (epidermal growth factor alpha), betacellulin, amphiregulin, heregulin, HBEGF, PDGF (factor platelet-derived growth factor), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor).
- CXCL12 also called stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)
- CCL5 CCL5 CCL2, CCL3, CCL7, CCL19, CCL21, CCL22, CCL25,
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip in which the chemoattractant compound included in the reservoir (1) of the chip is chosen from at least one of the following compounds: CXCL12, CCL5, CCL2, CCL3, CCL7, CCL19, CCL21, CCL22, CCL25, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8, CX3CL1, TGF alpha, TGF beta, FGF, PDGF, EGF, VEGF.
- the chemoattractant compound included in the reservoir (1) of the chip is chosen from at least one of the following compounds: CXCL12, CCL5, CCL2, CCL3, CCL7, CCL19, CCL21, CCL22, CCL25, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8, CX3CL1, TGF alpha, TGF beta, FGF, PDGF, EGF, VEGF.
- the chemoattractant included in the reservoir (1) of the microfluidic chip and in particular in the matrix of the reservoir (1) is preferably chosen among the carbohydrate molecules.
- the chemoattractant compound can be used alone or in combination with one or more other chemoattractant compounds mentioned above and / or with other compounds capable of directly or indirectly improving the ability of said chemoattractant compound to attract a specific biological element, such as a cell.
- a specific biological element such as a cell.
- eukaryote and in particular a cancer cell such as for example carbohydrate (glucose) and / or lipid (fatty acids) molecules which provide the necessary energy (energy provided in the form of ATP after degradation of glucose or fatty acids) to the survival of the biological element, in particular of a eukaryotic cell and in particular of a cancer cell.
- Other molecules such as oxygen can be used in combination with chemoattractants.
- Oxygen can be transported by hemoglobin or by synthetic hemoglobins. Oxygen is an essential molecule for the survival and proliferation of cells and in particular cancer cells.
- the chemoattractant compound is used in combination with one or more carbohydrate (glucose) and / or lipid (fatty acids) molecules.
- chemoattractant compound (s) Those skilled in the art will take care to choose the chemoattractant compound (s) according to the specific biological element targeted.
- the biological element is a eukaryotic cell
- an analysis of the membrane receptors expressed by the targeted cell should be carried out upstream in order to ensure the specificity of the chemoattractant compound (s) chosen.
- the chemoattractant compound chosen is the stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1).
- the chosen chemoattractant compound is epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha).
- microchannels making up the network of microchannels (2) of the microfluidic chip according to the present invention can be of parallelepipedal, cylindrical, squamous or frustoconical shape or a mixture of its shapes.
- Each microchannel included in the microchannel network (2) of the microfluidic chip according to the present invention may have a height of between 1 and 500 ⁇ m, preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m, a width of between 1 and 500 ⁇ m, preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m and a length between 30 ⁇ m and 1 mm, preferably between 30 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
- each microchannel included in the microchannel network (2) has a height of between 1 and 40 ⁇ m, a width of between 1 and 40 ⁇ m, a length of between 30 and 250 ⁇ m.
- each microchannel included in the network of microchannels (2) has a height of between 5 and 20 ⁇ m, a width of between 5 and 20 ⁇ m, and a length of between 100 and 200 ⁇ m, preferably 200 ⁇ m.
- Each microchannel included in a network of microchannels can have dimensions which are specific to it independently of the dimensions of the other microchannels included in this network of microchannels.
- each microchannel of the same network as well as each microchannel included in the different networks of microchannels can have dimensions and shapes which are specific to it, independently of one another.
- all of the microchannels included in a network of microchannels have the same shape and the same dimensions.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip in which the electrode (4) is an interdigitated electrode.
- the “interdigitated electrode” corresponds to an electrode (4), each conductor of which is multi-toothed.
- each conductor has a diameter between 200 and 400 miti, preferably about 315 ⁇ m, and each conductor is spaced from the other by an air gap of between 10 and 50 ⁇ m, preferably about 15 ⁇ m.
- the electrode (4) is a wireless electrode, supplied with energy remotely by an antenna (13).
- the remote power supply can operate by wireless communication, for example from the ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) frequency band using a frequency range between 13.553-13.567 MHz.
- ISM industrial, scientific and medical
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip in which the electrode (4) is a wireless electrode, said chip comprising an antenna which can be activated by a second antenna.
- the second antenna is intended to be placed ex vivo when the microfluidic chip is intended to be implanted in vivo.
- antenna refers to an electronic component consisting of a winding of a conductive material forming one or more turns. When this antenna is crossed by a current, it produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field can be released by the antenna in the form of electrical energy.
- the antennas thus allow the transmission of electricity through the tissues by inductance.
- the antenna is an inductance coil.
- the antenna (13) allows the remote power supply of the electrode (4).
- the antenna can also allow remote transmission of information.
- the second antenna intended to be located ex vivo has a transmitter function and the antenna included in the wireless electrode has a receiver function.
- the antenna included in the chip as well as the second antenna are made of a biocompatible material, preferably the same as that in which the electrode (4) is made, which is preferably titanium.
- the diameter of said antennas is sufficient for the transmission of electricity through the tissues by inductance, preferably the diameter of the antennas is of the same order of magnitude as the The thickness of the tissues to be passed through, preferably the diameter of said antennae is between 5 mm and 100 mm, more preferably between 10 and 80 mm.
- the second antenna is integrated into a patch intended for topical application to the skin, said patch comprising a physiologically acceptable support for topical application, that is to say compatible with the skin, mucous membranes and integuments. .
- the second antenna can also be in an external box.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip in which the electric field generated by the electrode (4) is capable of destroying the biological element by irreversible electroporation.
- said electric field generated by the electrode is a pulsed electric field, which corresponds to a selective non-thermal treatment of short duration, generally from a few microseconds to a few milliseconds.
- the application of a pulsed electric field to a specific cell causes the accumulation of charges on the membrane surface and the increase of the transmembrane potential of the cell membrane.
- the attraction between the charges of opposite signs accumulated on either side of the cell membrane causes compression of the latter with an elastic force tending to oppose this electrocompression.
- the pulsed electric field applied exceeds a critical value, the electrocompressive force becomes greater than the elastic force, and pores appear at the level of the cell membrane.
- the intensity of the pulsed electric field is great and / or the duration of the treatment is long, there is an intensification of the permeabilization and an irreversible destruction of the cell membrane.
- the pulsed electric field generated by the electrode on the specific biological element makes it possible to induce the irreversible electroporation of said biological element. More precisely, when the biological element is a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell, the pulsed electric field generated by the electrode creates pores, in particular nanopores in the cell membrane, inducing deregulation of the cell homeostasis irreversible to the cell. origin of cell death by apoptosis or necrosis.
- the electric field generated by the electrode (4) is a pulsed electric field between 1000 V / cm and 6500 V / cm in voltage, preferably between 3000 V / cm and 5000 V / cm, 1 Hz in frequency and a duration of between 100 ps and 200 ps.
- the pulsed electric field for a duration of between 100 ps and 200 ps is generated by the electrode several times a day, preferably at least 3 times, for a period suitable for the context of use of the chip.
- the microfluidic chip comprises a means of measuring the number of specific biological elements entered into the microfluidic chip and / or the number of biological elements destroyed by the electrode.
- Electrical impedance is the measure of the opposition of the system to the movement of electrical charges when a potential difference is applied to it. In other words, it is the ratio of the voltage applied to the system and the resulting electric current. In the context of the present invention, this measurement is used to quantify the specific biological elements entered into the microfluidic chip, their adhesion to the support inducing a modification of the electrical impedance as well as to quantify the specific biological elements destroyed by the electrode, which are detached from the electrode and consequently induce a modification of the electrical impedance.
- the means of measuring the number of biological elements entered into the microfluidic chip and / or biological elements destroyed by the electrode is a means of measurement by electrical impedance.
- the information can be collected and transmitted by wireless communication technology, for example from the ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) frequency band using a frequency range between 13.553 -13.567 MHz.
- a second object of the invention relates to the use of the microfluidic chip according to the first object of the invention to attract and destroy a specific biological element.
- the present invention relates to the use of the microfluidic chip according to the first object of the invention or to a method for attracting and destroying in vivo a specific biological element, said chip being implanted in vivo.
- the present invention relates to the use of the microfluidic chip according to the first object of the invention or to a method for treating or preventing the proliferation and the dissemination of a specific biological element in a subject, such as a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell in which the chip is implanted in vivo in a subject.
- the present invention relates to the use of the microfluidic chip according to the first object of the invention or to a method for treating or preventing an infection caused by a prokaryotic cell such as a bacterium in which the chip is implanted in vivo. in a subject.
- a prokaryotic cell such as a bacterium in which the chip is implanted in vivo. in a subject.
- the present invention relates to the use of the microfluidic chip according to the first object of the invention or to a method for treating or preventing the proliferation and dissemination of a eukaryotic cell and in particular of a cancer cell. , preferably after resection of a solid tumor in a subject, wherein the chip is implanted in vivo in a subject.
- the present invention relates to the use of the microfluidic chip according to the first subject of the invention or to a method for preventing the risks of local recurrence of cancer and / or of development of metastatic cancer in a subject, wherein the chip is implanted in vivo in a subject.
- the microfluidic chip is implanted at a distance of 0.1 to 20 cm, preferably 1 to 10 cm, more preferably at a distance of 5 cm from the resection area of a solid tumor or focal point of bacterial infection in a subject.
- the microfluidic chip is preferably implanted at the level of the resection zone as soon as the solid tumor is removed, preferably immediately after the resection of said tumor.
- the pulsed electric field is preferably generated by the electrode several times a day, preferably at least 3 times a day, more preferably 8 times a day, over a period adapted to the context of use of the chip.
- the term “context of use of the chip” refers here to the type of specific biological element targeted, that is to say to the type of bacterial infection when said element is a bacterium, or to the type of cancer cell. targeted and in particular to the type of solid tumor removed and the stage at which said tumor is when said element is a cancer cell.
- the pulsed electric field can be generated over a period of 3 days to 6 months, preferably 2 weeks to 4 months, in the form of a cure that can be repeated in a cycle with or without a rest period.
- the pulsed electric field is generated by the electrode at least 3 times a day, preferably 8 times a day, over a period of between 8 and 16 weeks.
- the pulsed electric field is generated by the electrode at least 8 times per day, over a period of 8 to 16 weeks.
- the microfluidic chip can be used alone or in combination with the simultaneous or sequential administration of other medicinal compounds such as anti-cancer compounds, in particular chemotherapeutic and / or hormone therapy compounds and / or immunotherapy and / or targeted therapy and / or radiotherapy when the specific biological element is a cancer cell.
- other medicinal compounds such as anti-cancer compounds, in particular chemotherapeutic and / or hormone therapy compounds and / or immunotherapy and / or targeted therapy and / or radiotherapy when the specific biological element is a cancer cell.
- the present invention also relates to a microfluidic chip according to the first object for its use for attracting and destroying in vivo a specific biological element, said chip being implanted in vivo, in accordance with the above-mentioned implementation conditions.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip according to the first object for its use for treating or preventing the proliferation and dissemination of a specific biological element in a subject, such as a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell, in which the chip is implanted in vivo in a subject in accordance with the aforementioned processing conditions.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip according to the first object for its use for treating or preventing an infection caused by a prokaryotic cell such as a bacterium, in which the chip is implanted in iz / Vo in a subject.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip according to the first object for its use for treating or preventing the proliferation and dissemination of a eukaryotic cell and in particular of a cancer cell, preferably after the resection of a. solid tumor in a subject, in which the chip is implanted in iz / Vo in a subject in accordance with the above processing conditions.
- the present invention relates to a microfluidic chip according to the first object for its use for preventing the risks of local recurrence of cancer and / or of development of metastatic cancer in a subject, in which the chip is implanted. in vivo in a subject according to the above processing conditions.
- the specific biological element is a eukaryotic cell and in particular a cancer cell
- said cell preferably originates from cancer of the breast, lungs, prostate, bladder, salivary glands, skin, intestine, colon-rectum, thyroid, cervix, endometrium and ovaries, lip-mouth-laryngeal cancer, kidney, liver, brain, testes, pancreas, preferably breast cancer.
- solid tumors are not limiting.
- Example 1 Manufacture of the microfluidic chip for the in vitro concept study
- microfluidic chip containing at its center a reservoir in which a chemoattractant is placed.
- a glass substrate (dimension 50x50 mm) is prepared in a so-called “piranha” solution (H SO: H 0 2 , 3: 1) in order to clean it and increase its hydrophilic properties, followed by dehumidification for 15 minutes at 150 ° C on a hot plate to promote adhesion of the negative photosensitive resin (AZ® nLOF 2020 from MicroChemicals).
- H SO H 0 2 , 3: 1
- the resin is deposited on the substrate by centrifugal coating (3000 rev / min, 30s) in order to obtain a thickness of 2 ⁇ m.
- the solvents are evaporated by annealing for one minute at 110 ° C. on a hot plate.
- the sample is subjected to UV exposure (70 mJ / cm 2 ). This activation will modify the local properties of the resin which, after curing, will be soluble or not in a solvent. Since the resin is negative, the part exposed to ultraviolet rays will become solid while the other part will dissolve during development.
- the plate is then subjected to post exposure bake (PEB) annealing in order to provide the energy necessary to complete the process for 1 min at 110 ° C.
- PEB post exposure bake
- a titanium / platinum deposit (20/200 nm) is then carried out by cathodic sputtering followed by a so-called “lift-off” (acetone and NANO TM REMOVER PG from MicroChemicals) to remove the resin residues.
- lift-off acetone and NANO TM REMOVER PG from MicroChemicals
- a micro-structuring of silicon nitride is carried out.
- the lithography process described above is repeated with the addition of an alignment step.
- the deposit of 200 nm of Si 3 N 4 is obtained in a PECVD frame (plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition).
- the areas not protected by the resin are then etched by a reactive ionic etching process (ICP RIE).
- ICP RIE reactive ionic etching process
- the device is cleaned with REMOVER PG from MicroChemicals and an air plasma.
- a silicon wafer (diameter 76.2 mm) is prepared in a “piranha” solution followed by dehumidification for 15 to 150 ° C.
- the SU-8 resin is deposited on the silicon wafer by centrifugal coating (3000 rpm, 30s) in order to obtain the desired thickness (lOpm or lOOpm depending on the type used SU-8 2010 or SU-8 2100) .
- the evaporation of the solvents is obtained with very light heating and cooling ramps in order to minimize the mechanical stress in the resin (5 ° C / min).
- the sample is subjected to a 365 nm UV exposure of 125 mJ / cm2 for a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, and of 250 mJ / cm2 for a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
- the plate is then subjected to a post exposure bake (PEB) annealing (4 min at 95 ° C. for a thickness of 10 pm and 30 min at 95 ° C. for a thickness of 100 pm).
- PEB post exposure bake
- the development makes it possible to dilute the uncrosslinked parts of the SU-8 resin in a solvent (“SU-8 developer” composed mainly of PGMEA (propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate)).
- SU-8 developer composed mainly of PGMEA (propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate)
- a silicone polymer polydimethylsiloxane is prepared by mixing it with its curing agent (Sylgard TM 184 silicone elastomer kit from Dow, ratio 1: 10). The bubbles formed during mixing are removed using a desiccator and a vacuum pump. Once the PDMS has been degassed, it is poured onto the SU-8 mold placed in a Petri dish, then placed in an oven at 80 ° C. for at least 2 hours in order to complete the crosslinking process. After cooling, the PDMS is peeled off and then cut using a circular blade in order to obtain the cylindrical shapes of the devices.
- PDMS silicone polymer polydimethylsiloxane
- the last step is to glue the PDMS onto a glass substrate to encapsulate the channels. This is obtained by activating the surface to transform the Si-CH 3 function of the PDMS into Si-OH using a 0 plasma generator or air. In contact with glass (Si0 2 ), a permanent Si-O-Si covalent bond will be created. d) Electrical instrumentation
- the chip is equipped with interdigitated electrodes (distance: 15 ⁇ m) imposing a sufficiently intense field (2000 to 5000 V / cm) to cause irreversible electroporation of specific cells and thus induce apoptosis or necrosis of cells that have entered the system.
- a square signal (high voltage / frequency / time: 3 to 7.5 V / l Hz / 100 ps) is delivered by a function generator (TG2511A TTi) and visualized by an oscilloscope (TBS1032B Tektronix) during application on the chip.
- the second channel of the oscilloscope is connected to a high precision shunt resistor (0.1 W, LVR01R1000FE70 from Vishay) thus making it possible to obtain an image of the electric current passing through the electrodes (4) s.
- the instruments are connected by a USB cable to a computer (Raspberry Pi 3 Model B +, operating system: Linux Raspbian 9 (Stretch)).
- Virtual instrument software architecture (VISA) communication is provided by the open source PyVISA library and a Python script is run regularly by the crontab program of the operating system. e) Manufacture of the release matrix
- a 3% (w / v) aqueous alginate solution was placed in a porous mold in the shape of the chip reservoir.
- the mold is immersed in a crosslinking bath of calcium chloride for 24 hours. After 3 washes with miliQ water, the matrix is frozen at -20 ° C. and then lyophilized.
- Example 2 Study of the cytokine release profile
- the chemoattractant compound SDF-1 is usually complexed with BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) at a rate of 1.51 molecules of BSA per 10 molecules of SDF-1.
- BSA Bovine Serum Albumin
- SDF-1 is a small 8 kDA cytokine.
- FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
- the column used is a column designed to detect proteins such as BSA-FITC.
- the microfluidic chip has been implemented in vitro to test its ability to attract MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells which are epithelial cells of mammary tumors.
- the SDF-1 “stromal cell-derived factor” compound corresponds to the chemoattractant compound capable of attracting MDA-MB-231 cells.
- the MDA-MB-231 cells stably transfected with the “green fluorescent protein” (GFP) are trypsinized on D0. Then 20,000 cells are seeded in a 35 mm petri dish containing the microfluidic chip in its center. The cells are cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium / Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM F12) + Glutamax + 1% fetal calf serum (FCS) + 1% antibiotic (streptomycin, penicillin).
- DMEM F12 Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium / Nutrient Mixture F-12
- FCS fetal calf serum
- antibiotic streptomycin, penicillin
- the central reservoir of the microfluidic chip is loaded either with 33 ⁇ l of DMEM F12 + Glutamax + 1% FCS + 1% antibiotic (streptomycin, penicillin) ( Figure 8) or with 33 ⁇ l of DMEM F12 + Glutamax + 10 ⁇ l of FCS pure + 1% antibiotic (streptomycin, penicillin). ( Figure 9). After 7 days of culture in a 5% CO 2 incubator and a humidity of 95%, photographs are taken from an inverted fluorescence microscope.
- the MDA-MB-231 cells stably transfected with the “green fluorescent protein” (GFP) are trypsinized on D0. Then 100,000 cells are seeded in a 50 mm diameter petri dish, the microfluidic chip being placed in the center of this petri dish. The cells are cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium / Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM F12) + Glutamax + 1% fetal calf serum (FCS) + 1% antibiotic (streptomycin, penicillin).
- DMEM F12 Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium / Nutrient Mixture F-12
- FCS fetal calf serum
- antibiotic streptomycin, penicillin
- the central reservoir of the microfluidic chip is loaded either with 50 ⁇ l of DMEM F12 + Glutamax + 1% FCS + 1% antibiotic (streptomycin, penicillin) ( Figures 10 and 11) or with 50 ⁇ l of DMEM F12 + Glutamax + SVF 10 p1 + 1% antibiotic (streptomycin, penicillin) ( Figures 12 and 13) or with 50 pl of DMEM F12 + Glutamax + 1 pg SDF-1 + 1% antibiotic (streptomycin, penicillin) ( Figures 14 and 15).
- MDA-MB-231 cells stably transfected with the “green fluorescent protein” (GFP) are trypsinized on D0. Then 60,000 cells are seeded in a PDMS well fixed on a glass slide inside of which is arranged a circular interdigitated electrode.
- the culture medium used is: DMEM F12 + Glutamax + FCS 10% + 1% antibiotic (streptomycin, penicillin).
- the MDA-MB-231 cells stably transfected with the “green fluorescent protein” (GFP) are trypsinized on D0. Then 50,000 cells are seeded in a 50 mm diameter Petri dish, the microfluidic chip comprising an interdigitated electrode and two microchannel networks being placed in the center of this petri dish. The cells are cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium / Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM F12) + Glutamax + 1% fetal calf serum (FCS) + 1% antibiotic (streptomycin, penicillin).
- DMEM F12 Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium / Nutrient Mixture F-12
- FCS fetal calf serum
- antibiotic streptomycin, penicillin
- the central reservoir of the chip is loaded with 50 ⁇ l DMEM F12 + Glutamax + 1% FCS (fetal calf serum) + 1% antibiotic (streptomycin, penicillin) in the absence of gradient and without pulsed electric field (Figure 18)
- the cells cross the first network of microchannels and are then electroporated. In any case, the cells are not able to cross the two networks of microchannels.
- microfluidic chip to attract and destroy a biological element, and in particular that said chip is capable of attracting breast cancer tumor cells (MDA-MB-231), i.e. from a gradient of fetal calf serum is more significantly from a gradient of SDF-1 chemoattractant and that it is possible to destroy these same tumor cells from a pulsed electric field.
- MDA-MB-231 breast cancer tumor cells
- SDF-1 chemoattractant i.e. from a gradient of fetal calf serum is more significantly from a gradient of SDF-1 chemoattractant and that it is possible to destroy these same tumor cells from a pulsed electric field.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202080021574.0A CN113677394A (zh) | 2019-03-15 | 2020-03-12 | 用于吸引和破坏特定生物元件的微流控芯片 |
| AU2020243245A AU2020243245A1 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2020-03-12 | Microfluidic chip for attracting and destroying a specific biological element |
| JP2021555532A JP2022525454A (ja) | 2019-03-15 | 2020-03-12 | 特定の生物学的成分を誘引して破壊するためのマイクロ流体チップ |
| CA3128578A CA3128578A1 (fr) | 2019-03-15 | 2020-03-12 | Puce microfluidique pour attirer et detruire un element biologique specifique |
| BR112021017925A BR112021017925A2 (pt) | 2019-03-15 | 2020-03-12 | Chip microfluídico para atrair e destruir um elemento biológico específico |
| EP20726185.0A EP3938033A1 (fr) | 2019-03-15 | 2020-03-12 | Puce microfluidique pour attirer et detruire un element biologique specifique |
| US17/435,075 US20220133392A1 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2020-03-12 | Microfluidic chip for attracting and destroying a specific biological element |
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| FR1902686A FR3093645B1 (fr) | 2019-03-15 | 2019-03-15 | Puce microfluidique pour attirer et détruire un élément biologique spécifique |
| FR1902686 | 2019-03-15 |
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| US (1) | US20220133392A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3938033A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2022525454A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN113677394A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2020243245A1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112021017925A2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3128578A1 (fr) |
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| FR3122830A1 (fr) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-11-18 | Université De Montpellier (Um) | Puce microfluidique pour attirer et piéger un élément biologique spécifique |
| CN115568938A (zh) * | 2022-09-28 | 2023-01-06 | 上海交通大学 | 一种分形结构微电极及其制备方法和导管 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090043346A1 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2009-02-12 | Yoram Palti | Treating parasites with electric fields |
| US20120322685A1 (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2012-12-20 | Condeelis John S | Device for collecting and analyzing migratory tumor cells |
| US20180111124A1 (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2018-04-26 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | High-throughput selective capture of biological cells by dielectrophoresis at a bipolar electrode array |
| WO2018089989A1 (fr) | 2016-11-14 | 2018-05-17 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Destruction sélective de cellules par résonance électromagnétique |
-
2019
- 2019-03-15 FR FR1902686A patent/FR3093645B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2020
- 2020-03-12 EP EP20726185.0A patent/EP3938033A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-03-12 US US17/435,075 patent/US20220133392A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-03-12 CN CN202080021574.0A patent/CN113677394A/zh active Pending
- 2020-03-12 BR BR112021017925A patent/BR112021017925A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2020-03-12 CA CA3128578A patent/CA3128578A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-03-12 JP JP2021555532A patent/JP2022525454A/ja active Pending
- 2020-03-12 AU AU2020243245A patent/AU2020243245A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-03-12 WO PCT/FR2020/050527 patent/WO2020188198A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090043346A1 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2009-02-12 | Yoram Palti | Treating parasites with electric fields |
| US20120322685A1 (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2012-12-20 | Condeelis John S | Device for collecting and analyzing migratory tumor cells |
| US20180111124A1 (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2018-04-26 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | High-throughput selective capture of biological cells by dielectrophoresis at a bipolar electrode array |
| WO2018089989A1 (fr) | 2016-11-14 | 2018-05-17 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Destruction sélective de cellules par résonance électromagnétique |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| SANG KYUNG KIM ET AL: "Continuous Low-Voltage dc Electroporation on a Microfluidic Chip with Polyelectrolytic Salt Bridges", ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 79, no. 20, 18 September 2007 (2007-09-18), pages 7761 - 7766, XP055112911, ISSN: 0003-2700, DOI: 10.1021/ac071197h * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3093645A1 (fr) | 2020-09-18 |
| CA3128578A1 (fr) | 2020-09-24 |
| AU2020243245A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
| JP2022525454A (ja) | 2022-05-16 |
| US20220133392A1 (en) | 2022-05-05 |
| CN113677394A (zh) | 2021-11-19 |
| FR3093645B1 (fr) | 2021-04-02 |
| EP3938033A1 (fr) | 2022-01-19 |
| BR112021017925A2 (pt) | 2021-11-16 |
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