WO2020186970A1 - 一种基于iFEM方法及RZT理论的机翼基线动态位置测量方法 - Google Patents

一种基于iFEM方法及RZT理论的机翼基线动态位置测量方法 Download PDF

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WO2020186970A1
WO2020186970A1 PCT/CN2020/076420 CN2020076420W WO2020186970A1 WO 2020186970 A1 WO2020186970 A1 WO 2020186970A1 CN 2020076420 W CN2020076420 W CN 2020076420W WO 2020186970 A1 WO2020186970 A1 WO 2020186970A1
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wing
strain
rzt
measurement
theory
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陈熙源
马振
杨萍
柳笛
方琳
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Southeast University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D45/00Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/16Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0016Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of aircraft wings or blades
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0041Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0091Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by using electromagnetic excitation or detection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/15Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G01L1/242Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
    • G01L1/246Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation

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  • the invention relates to a method for measuring the baseline dynamic position of a wing, in particular to an application based on the iFEM method and the RZT theory in the measurement of the wing baseline dynamic position.
  • the iFEM method has obvious advantages in the dynamic change measurement of any topological structure with any constrained boundary conditions. It does not require prior knowledge in the shape perception of the wing and the measurement of special point positions. In addition, the iFEM method is robust and suitable For real-time online monitoring.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a wing baseline dynamic position measurement method based on the iFEM (Inverse Finite Element Method) method and RZT (Refined Zigzag Theory) theory, including five steps: Determine the wing of the selected wing Three-dimensional model, and then design the wing surface FBG sensor array and the arrangement meter of the strain rosette, then establish the inverse finite element simulation model based on RZT theory, and finally read and convert the measurement data to obtain the dynamic position of the wing baseline.
  • iFEM Inverse Finite Element Method
  • RZT refined Zigzag Theory
  • the technical solution of the present invention is to indirectly obtain the dynamic position measurement of the wing baseline by combining the FBG sensor, the strain rosette and the iFEM method.
  • the measurement method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Determining the wing model: According to the spatial size data of the selected wing, generate a three-dimensional model of the wing and import it into the finite element analysis software;
  • Step 2 Design of FBG sensor array and FBG sensor array on the surface of the wing: According to the size of the wing, arrange the strain gauge and FBG sensor array at different positions of the wing;
  • Step 3 Establishment of inverse finite element simulation model based on RZT theory: three-node element is used for meshing;
  • Step 4 Reading and conversion of measurement data: Combined with the computer data synchronization, the uniform distribution force of bending, torsion and membrane deformation is simulated on the wing, and the data of the FBG sensor and the strain rose sensor are read respectively, and the calculation is performed The spatial position coordinates of each point on the wing;
  • Step 5 Acquire the dynamic position of the wing baseline: through the data obtained by the FBG sensor and the strain rose sensor and finite element analysis, the dynamic measurement result of the baseline is finally obtained.
  • the wing model is usually a large aspect ratio wing, which is helpful for the layout design of the strain rosette and the FBG sensor array.
  • the wing model is divided into 3 layers, and the coordinate system adopts an orthogonal coordinate system (x 1 , x 2 , z), where (x 1 , x 2 ) are in-plane coordinates, and z is the wing thickness direction, that is, the deflection direction coordinates;
  • the three-node element used is anisotropic, and each node has 9 degrees of freedom;
  • the derivation formula for the lateral deflection ⁇ (x) in the z-axis direction and the bending amplitude P 1 (x) in the positive direction along the x 2 axis and the zigzag rotation amplitude P 2 (x) in the negative direction of x 1 can be derived from the joint degrees of freedom ⁇ i , ⁇ ⁇ i , Denoted as:
  • the analysis method of smooth unit is adopted, that is, the wing is divided into several triangular units according to the size of the wing.
  • u e represents the displacement matrix of the node
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 respectively represent the zigzag function based on the RZT theory after the wing thickness is segmented along the x 1 and x 2 directions
  • i 1, 2, 3.
  • the density of the strain rosette and the FBG sensor array is divided into four categories: very dense, dense, sparse, and very sparse; among them, For triaxial strain measurement, it is arranged in a very dense, dense, and sparse manner; in uniaxial strain measurement, a very sparse FBG sensor is used for measurement; in uniaxial measurement, a very sparse arrangement is adopted.
  • the calibration is very important.
  • the first-order continuous derivative C1 function is used to derive the discrete surface strain data of the measured wing.
  • a single RZT unit uses the weighted least squares function to derive the calculation, and its derivation formula for:
  • ⁇ e (u e ) represents the weighted least squares function
  • (k) represents the k-th layer after dividing the three-node element into 3 layers
  • j represents the j-th layer in the section strain measurement
  • E represents the membrane strain function
  • K represents bending strain function
  • M j represents zigzag section strain
  • the wing baseline dynamic position measurement method of the present invention is simple and convenient to operate, has low requirements on the skills and environment of the staff, can realize the fast and accurate locking of the device to be locked, and the unlocking method is simple and has strong versatility.
  • Figure 2 Zigzag (Z-shaped) meshing.
  • FIGS 1 to 2 are preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the method for measuring the baseline dynamic position of the wing based on the iFEM method and the RZT theory of the present invention includes the following five steps:
  • Step 1 Determining the wing model: According to the spatial size data of the selected wing, generate a three-dimensional model of the wing and import it into the finite element analysis software;
  • Step 2 Design of FBG sensor array and FBG sensor array on the surface of the wing: According to the size of the wing, arrange the strain rosette and FBG sensor array at different positions of the wing;
  • Step 3 Establishment of inverse finite element simulation model based on RZT theory: three-node element is used for meshing;
  • Step 4 Reading and conversion of measurement data: Combined with the computer data synchronization, the uniform distribution force of bending, torsion and membrane deformation is simulated on the wing, and the data of the FBG sensor and the strain rose sensor are read respectively, and the calculation is performed The spatial position coordinates of each point on the wing.
  • Step 5 Acquire the dynamic position of the wing baseline: through the data obtained by the FBG sensor and the strain rose sensor and finite element analysis, the dynamic measurement result of the baseline is finally obtained.
  • the wing model is usually a large aspect ratio wing, which is helpful for the layout design of the strain rosette and the FBG sensor array.
  • the wing model is divided into 3 layers, and the coordinate system adopts an orthogonal coordinate system (x 1 , x 2 , z), where (x 1 , x 2 ) are in-plane coordinates, and z is the wing thickness direction (deflection direction) coordinates ;
  • the three-node element used is anisotropic, and each node has 9 degrees of freedom;
  • the derivation formula for the lateral deflection ⁇ (x) in the z-axis direction and the bending amplitude P 1 (x) in the positive direction along the x 2 axis and the zigzag rotation amplitude P 2 (x) in the negative direction of x 1 can be derived from the joint degrees of freedom ⁇ i , ⁇ ⁇ i , Denoted as:
  • the analysis method of smooth unit is adopted, that is, the wing is divided into several triangular units according to the size of the wing.
  • u e represents the displacement matrix of the node
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 respectively represent the zigzag function based on the RZT theory after the wing thickness is segmented along the x 1 and x 2 directions
  • i 1, 2, 3.
  • the density of the strain rosette and the FBG sensor array is divided into four categories: very dense, dense, sparse, and very sparse; among them, For triaxial strain measurement, it is arranged in a very dense, dense, and sparse manner; in uniaxial strain measurement, a very sparse FBG sensor is used for measurement; in uniaxial measurement, a very sparse arrangement is adopted.
  • the calibration is very important.
  • the C1 function (C1 represents the first-order continuous derivative) is used to derive the discrete surface strain data of the measured wing.
  • a single RZT unit is calculated using the weighted least squares function. The derivation formula is:
  • ⁇ e (u e ) represents the weighted least squares function
  • (k) represents the k-th layer after dividing the three-node element into 3 layers
  • j represents the j-th layer in the section strain measurement
  • E represents the membrane strain function
  • K represents the bending strain function
  • M j represents the zigzag section strain

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开一种基于iFEM(Inverse Finite Element Method)方法及RZT(Refined Zigzag Theory)理论的机翼基线动态位置测量方法,包括四个步骤:确定所选机翼的机翼三维模型,然后设计机翼表面FBG(Fiber Bragg Grating)传感器阵列和应变花的排布计,接着建立基于RZT理论的逆有限元仿真模型,最后测量数据的读取与转换,得出机翼基线的动态位置。本发明实现一种基于RZT理论的机翼基线动态位置测量方法,鲁棒性好,适应性强。

Description

一种基于iFEM方法及RZT理论的机翼基线动态位置测量方法 技术领域
本发明涉及机翼基线动态位置测量的方法,具体涉及一种基于iFEM方法及RZT理论的在机翼基线动态位置测量中的应用。
背景技术
高空长航时飞行的无人机预警越来越受重视,此类飞机普遍采用质量轻展现比大的柔性机翼,具有升阻比大、结构轻、柔性大等特点。在气动载荷载荷下,机翼产生很大的弯曲和扭转变形,严重影响飞机的安全性。然而,机翼同时又是一部长基线天线,机翼的变形将直接影响着阵列天线的性能,为了补偿因变形导致的天线电性能的变化,必须准确获取机翼的变形量。
iFEM方法在对任何约束边界条件的任何拓扑结构的动态变化测量方面具有明显的优势,在对机翼的形状感知和特殊点位置测量时无需先验知识,此外,iFEM方法鲁棒性好,适合于实时在线监测。
发明内容
技术问题:本发明的目的是提供一种基于iFEM(Inverse Finite Element Method)方法及RZT(Refined Zigzag Theory)理论的机翼基线动态位置测量方法,包括五个步骤:确定所选机翼的机翼三维模型,然后设计机翼表面FBG传感器阵列和应变花的排布计,接着建立基于RZT理论的逆有限元仿真模型,最后测量数据的读取与转换,得出机翼基线的动态位置。
技术方案:本发明的技术方案是将FBG传感器、应变花与iFEM方法相结合的方式间接的获取机翼基线的动态位置测量。
该测量方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1、机翼模型的确定:根据所选机翼的空间尺寸数据,生成机翼的三维模型,并导入到有限元分析软件中;
步骤2、机翼表面FBG传感器阵列和应变花布局排布的设计:根据机翼的尺寸,在机翼的不同位置布置应变花以及FBG传感器阵列;
步骤3、基于RZT理论的逆有限元仿真模型的建立:网格划分时采用三节点单元;
步骤4、测量数据的读取与转换:结合计算机的数据同步,在机翼上模拟施加弯曲、扭转和膜变形的均匀分布力,分别读取FBG传感器和应变花传感器的数据,通过运算解算出机翼上各点的空间位置坐标;
步骤5、机翼基线动态位置的获取:通过借助于FBG传感器和应变花传感器获取的数据以及有限元分析,最后得出基线的动态测量结果。
其中:
所述的机翼模型通常为大展弦比的机翼,有助于所述的应变花以及FBG传感器阵列的布局排布设计。
所述机翼模型分成3层,坐标系采用正交坐标系(x 1,x 2,z),其中(x 1,x 2)为平面内坐标,z为机翼厚度方向即挠度方向坐标;使用的三节点单元具有各向异性,每个节点有9个自由度;
沿x 1、x 2方向的膜位移及沿着z轴方向横向挠度的推导公式分别为:
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000003
式中,u(x)、v(x)分别表示x 1、x 2方向的膜位移;ω(x)表示z轴方向的横向挠度;i表示第i层,i=1,2,3;u i、v i、w i分别表示三节点单元沿着x 1,x 2,z轴正方向的自由度;θ xi、θ yi分别表示沿着x1、x2轴经典逆时针旋转的自由度;
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000005
分别表示沿着x 1、x 2轴之字形逆时针旋转的自由度;θ zi表示z轴角点旋转的自由度;
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000006
表示z轴人工之字形旋转的自由度;N i为三角形线性面积参数坐标,L i、M i为等插值函数;
z轴方向的横向挠度ω(x),以及沿x 2轴正方向弯曲幅度P 1(x)和x 1负方向之字形旋转幅度P 2(x)的推导公式可由节点自由度ω i、θ αi
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000007
分别表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000010
每个传感器的配置时,采用平滑单元的分析方法,即根据机翼的尺寸将机翼划分成若干个三角形单元。
在机翼上模拟施加弯曲、扭转和膜变形的均匀分布力时,基于RZT理论的三节点单元的膜应变测量e(u e)、弯曲曲率κ(u e)、之字形扭转应变测量μ(u e)的推导公式分别为:
e(u e)=[u ,1 v ,2 u ,2+v ,1] T=B eu e      (7)
κ(u e)=[θ 1,1 θ 2,2 θ 1,22,1] T=B κu e      (8)
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000011
其中
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000017
式中,u e表示节点的位移矩阵;φ 1、φ 2分别表示表示通过将机翼厚度分段后沿着x 1,x 2方向的基于RZT理论之字形函数;
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000018
表示膜应变形状导数矩阵;
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000019
表示弯曲变形形状导数矩阵;
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000020
表示之字形扭转变形形状导数矩阵;i=1,2,3。
根据步骤2所描述的根据机翼的尺寸,在机翼上设计应变花以及FBG传感器阵列的布局,应变花以及FBG传感器阵列的密度分为非常密集、密集、稀疏、非常稀疏四类;其中,针对三轴应变测量采用,非常密集、密集、稀疏的方式进行排布;单轴应变测量中,采用非常稀疏的FBG传感器进行测量;在单轴测量中,采用的是非常稀疏的布置方式,传感器的标定非常重要。
步骤4中FBG传感器和应变花传感器的数据,根据获得的数据,利用一阶连续导数C1函数推导测量机翼离散的表面应变数据,单个的RZT单元利用加权最小二乘函数推导计算,其推导公式为:
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000021
式中:Φ e(u e)表示加权最小二乘函数;(k)表示将三节点单元分成3层后的第k层;j表示剖面应变测量中的第j层;E表示膜应变函数、K表示弯曲应变函数、M j表示之字形截面应变;
||e(u e)-E|| 2、||κ(u e)-K|| 2、||μ (k)(u e)-M j|| 2、||γ(u e)-Γ|| 2、||η(u e)-H|| 2分别表示e(u e)、κ(u e)、μ(u e)、γ(u e)、η(u e)所对应的平方范数γ(u e)、η(u e)分别表示第一层和第二层横向剪切应变测量值;Γ、H分别表示与γ(u e)、η(u e)对应的剪切应变函数;w α(α=e,κ,μ,γ,η)分别代表每个单个的应变的加权常数矢量。
有益效果:本发明的机翼基线动态位置测量方法操作简单方便,对工作人员的技能以及环境要求低,可实现待锁定装置的快速准确锁定,且解除锁定方法简单,通用性强。
附图说明
图1;三节点单元模型,
图2;之字形(Z形)网格划分。
具体实施方式
图1~2为本发明优选的实施方式。
本发明的一种基于iFEM方法及RZT理论的机翼基线动态位置测量方法包括以下五个步骤:
步骤1、机翼模型的确定:根据所选机翼的空间尺寸数据,生成机翼的三维模型,并导入到有限元分析软件中;
步骤2、机翼表面FBG传感器阵列和应变花布局排布的设计:根据机翼的尺寸,在机翼的不同位置布置应变花以及FBG传感器阵列;
步骤3、基于RZT理论的逆有限元仿真模型的建立:网格划分时采用三节点单元;
步骤4、测量数据的读取与转换:结合计算机的数据同步,在机翼上模拟施加弯曲、扭转和膜变形的均匀分布力,分别读取FBG传感器和应变花传感器的数据,通过运算解算出机翼上各点的空间位置坐标。
步骤5、机翼基线动态位置的获取:通过借助于FBG传感器和应变花传感器获取的数据以及有限元分析,最后得出基线的动态测量结果。
所述的机翼模型通常为大展弦比的机翼,有助于所述的应变花以及FBG传感器阵列的布局排布设计。
所述机翼模型分成3层,坐标系采用正交坐标系(x 1,x 2,z),其中(x 1,x 2)为平面内坐标,z为机翼厚度方向(挠度方向)坐标;使用的三节点单元具有各向异性,每个节点有9个自由度;
沿x 1、x 2方向的膜位移及沿着z轴方向横向挠度的推导公式分别为:
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000024
式中,u(x)、v(x)分别表示x 1、x 2方向的膜位移;ω(x)表示z轴方向的横向挠度;i表示第i层,i=1,2,3;u i、v i、w i分别表示三节点单元沿着x 1,x 2,z轴正方向的自由度;θ xi、θ yi分别表示沿着x1、x2轴经典逆时针旋转的自由度;
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000026
分别表示沿着x 1、x 2轴之字形逆时针旋转的自由度;θ zi表示z轴角点旋转的自由度;
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000027
表示z轴人工之字形旋转的自由度;N i为三角形线性面积参数坐标,L i、M i为等插值函数。
z轴方向的横向挠度ω(x),以及沿x 2轴正方向弯曲幅度P 1(x)和x 1负方向之字形旋转幅度P 2(x)的推导公式可由节点自由度ω i、θ αi
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000028
分别表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000030
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000031
每个传感器的配置时,采用平滑单元的分析方法,即根据机翼的尺寸将机翼划分成若干个三角形单元。
在机翼上模拟施加弯曲、扭转和膜变形的均匀分布力时,基于RZT理论的三节点单元的膜应变测量e(u e)、弯曲曲率κ(u e)、之字形扭转应变测量μ(u e)的推导公式分别为:
e(u e)=[u ,1 v ,2 u ,2+v ,1] T=B eu e         (7)
κ(u e)=[θ 1,1 θ 2,2 θ 1,22,1] T=B κu e         (8)
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000032
其中
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000033
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000036
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000037
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000038
式中,u e表示节点的位移矩阵;φ 1、φ 2分别表示表示通过将机翼厚度分段后沿着x 1,x 2方向的基于RZT理论之字形函数;
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000039
表示膜应变形状导数矩阵;
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000040
表示弯曲变形形状导数矩阵;
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000041
表示之字形扭转变形形状导数矩阵;i=1,2,3。
根据步骤2所描述的根据机翼的尺寸,在机翼上设计应变花以及FBG传感器阵列的布局,应变花以及FBG传感器阵列的密度分为非常密集、密集、稀疏、非常稀疏四类;其中,针对三轴应变测量采用,非常密集、密集、稀疏的方式进行排布;单轴应变测量中,采用非常稀疏的FBG传感器进行测量;在单轴测量中,采用的是非常稀疏的布置方式,传感器的标定非常重要。
根据步骤4中获得的测量数据,利用C1函数(C1表示一阶连续导数)推导测量机翼离散的表面应变数据,单个的RZT单元利用加权最小二乘函数推导计 算,其推导公式为:
Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-000042
式中:Φ e(u e)表示加权最小二乘函数;(k)表示将三节点单元分成3层后的第k层;j表示剖面应变测量中的第j层;E表示膜应变函数、K表示弯曲应变函数、M j表示之字形截面应变;
||e(u e)-E|| 2、||κ(u e)-K|| 2、||μ (k)(u e)-M j|| 2、||γ(u e)-Γ|| 2、||η(u e)-H|| 2分别表示e(u e)、κ(u e)、μ(u e)、γ(u e)、η(u e)所对应的平方范数γ(u e)、η(u e)分别表示第一层和第二层横向剪切应变测量值;Γ、H分别表示与γ(u e)、η(u e)对应的剪切应变函数;w α(α=e,κ,μ,γ,η)分别代表每个单个的应变的加权常数矢量。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种基于iFEM方法及RZT理论的机翼基线动态位置测量方法,其特征在于,该测量方法包括以下步骤:
    步骤1、机翼模型的确定:根据所选机翼的空间尺寸数据,生成机翼的三维模型,并导入到有限元分析软件中;
    步骤2、机翼表面FBG传感器阵列和应变花布局排布的设计:根据机翼的尺寸,在机翼的不同位置布置应变花以及FBG传感器阵列;
    步骤3、基于RZT理论的逆有限元仿真模型的建立:网格划分时采用三节点单元;
    步骤4、测量数据的读取与转换:结合计算机的数据同步,在机翼上模拟施加弯曲、扭转和膜变形的均匀分布力,分别读取FBG传感器和应变花传感器的数据,通过运算解算出机翼上各点的空间位置坐标;
    步骤5、机翼基线动态位置的获取:通过借助于FBG传感器和应变花传感器获取的数据以及有限元分析,最后得出基线的动态测量结果。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于iFEM方法及RZT理论的机翼基线动态位置测量方法,其特征在于:所述的机翼模型通常为大展弦比的机翼,有助于所述的应变花以及FBG传感器阵列的布局排布设计。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于iFEM方法及RZT理论的机翼基线动态位置测量方法,其特征在于:所述机翼模型分成3层,坐标系采用正交坐标系(x 1,x 2,z),其中(x 1,x 2)为平面内坐标,z为机翼厚度方向即挠度方向坐标;使用的三节点单元具有各向异性,每个节点有9个自由度;
    沿x 1、x 2方向的膜位移及沿着z轴方向横向挠度的推导公式分别为:
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100003
    式中,u(x)、v(x)分别表示x 1、x 2方向的膜位移;ω(x)表示z轴方向的横向挠度;i表示第i层,i=1,2,3;u i、v i、w i分别表示三节点单元沿着x 1,x 2,z轴 正方向的自由度;θ xi、θ yi分别表示沿着x1、x2轴经典逆时针旋转的自由度;
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100005
    分别表示沿着x 1、x 2轴之字形逆时针旋转的自由度;θ zi表示z轴角点旋转的自由度;
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100006
    表示z轴人工之字形旋转的自由度;N i为三角形线性面积参数坐标,L i、M i为等插值函数;
    z轴方向的横向挠度ω(x),以及沿x 2轴正方向弯曲幅度P 1(x)和x 1负方向之字形旋转幅度P 2(x)的推导公式可由节点自由度ω i、θ αi
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100007
    (α=x,y)分别表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100009
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100010
    每个传感器的配置时,采用平滑单元的分析方法,即根据机翼的尺寸将机翼划分成若干个三角形单元。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于iFEM方法及RZT理论的机翼基线动态位置测量方法,其特征在于:在机翼上模拟施加弯曲、扭转和膜变形的均匀分布力时,基于RZT理论的三节点单元的膜应变测量e(u e)、弯曲曲率κ(u e)、之字形扭转应变测量μ(u e)的推导公式分别为:
    e(u e)=[u ,1 v ,2 u ,2+v ,1] T=B eu e  (7)
    κ(u e)=[θ 1,1 θ 2,2 θ 1,22,1] T=B κu e  (8)
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100011
    其中
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100012
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100013
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100014
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100015
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100016
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100017
    式中,u e表示节点的位移矩阵;φ 1、φ 2分别表示表示通过将机翼厚度分段后沿着x 1,x 2方向的基于RZT理论之字形函数;
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100018
    表示膜应变形状导数矩阵;
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100019
    表示弯曲变形形状导数矩阵;
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100020
    表示之字形扭转变形形状导数矩阵;i=1,2,3。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于iFEM方法及RZT理论的机翼基线动态位置测量方法,其特征在于:根据步骤2所描述的根据机翼的尺寸,在机翼上设计应变花以及FBG传感器阵列的布局,应变花以及FBG传感器阵列的密度分为非常密集、密集、稀疏、非常稀疏四类;其中,针对三轴应变测量采用,非常密集、密集、稀疏的方式进行排布;单轴应变测量中,采用非常稀疏的FBG传感器进行测量;在单轴测量中,采用的是非常稀疏的布置方式,传感器的标定非常重要。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于iFEM方法及RZT理论的机翼基线动态位置测量方法,其特征在于:步骤4中FBG传感器和应变花传感器的数据,根据获得的数据,利用一阶连续导数C1函数推导测量机翼离散的表面应变数据,单个的RZT单元利用加权最小二乘函数推导计算,其推导公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2020076420-appb-100021
    式中:Φ e(u e)表示加权最小二乘函数;(k)表示将三节点单元分成3层后的第k层;j表示剖面应变测量中的第j层;E表示膜应变函数、K表示弯曲应变函数、M j表示之字形截面应变;
    ||e(u e)-E|| 2、||κ(u e)-K|| 2、||μ (k)(u e)-M j|| 2、||γ(u e)-Γ|| 2、||η(u e)-H|| 2分别表示e(u e)、κ(u e)、μ(u e)、γ(u e)、η(u e)所对应的平方范数γ(u e)、η(u e)分别表示第一层和第二层横向剪切应变测量值;Γ、H分别表示与γ(u e)、η(u e)对应的剪切应变函数;w α(α=e,κ,μ,γ,η)分别代表每个单个的应变的加权常数矢量。
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