WO2020182445A1 - Circuit de réfrigération, pompe à chaleur associée et procédé associé - Google Patents

Circuit de réfrigération, pompe à chaleur associée et procédé associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020182445A1
WO2020182445A1 PCT/EP2020/054683 EP2020054683W WO2020182445A1 WO 2020182445 A1 WO2020182445 A1 WO 2020182445A1 EP 2020054683 W EP2020054683 W EP 2020054683W WO 2020182445 A1 WO2020182445 A1 WO 2020182445A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigeration circuit
fluid
flow path
refrigerant mixture
recuperator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/054683
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Schaumlöffel
Judith Möller
Christian Penner
Marius Holtdirk
Original Assignee
Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority to EP20710056.1A priority Critical patent/EP3935322A1/fr
Publication of WO2020182445A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020182445A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/02—Subcoolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/06—Superheaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/106—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0417—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the subcooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/05—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system
    • F25B2400/054—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system between the suction tube of the compressor and another part of the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/09—Improving heat transfers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a refrigeration circuit, a method for operating a refrigeration circuit, a heat pump comprising such a refrigeration circuit, and a method for transferring heat through such a refrigeration circuit or through such a heat pump.
  • the F-gas regulation (Regulation (EU) No. 517/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 842/2006) no longer applies in kg, but weighted according to their global warming potential (C0 2 equivalent, or “global warming potential” (GWP)). So the CO 2 emissions in the EU are to be reduced by 60% to 35 million tons of CO 2 equivalent by 2030, compared to 2005.
  • the quantities of partially fluorinated hydrocarbons available on the market should be significantly reduced and their use and marketing should even be prohibited under certain circumstances.
  • the F-Gas Regulation requires systems to be checked more or less frequently, depending on or proportional to the global warming potential of their refrigerants, or to contain special additional devices.
  • the regulations for certification, disposal and labeling of such refrigerants and the systems containing them have also been tightened by the F-gas regulation.
  • refrigerants should or will mainly be used that have the lowest possible global warming potential.
  • the refrigerants preferred by the F-gas regulation are therefore those with a low GWP value.
  • these are new refrigerants that consist of several substances and have a high temperature glide of> 4 K. For substances with substances with different boiling points, the temperature glide shows the difference in boiling points.
  • Heat pumps and refrigeration circuits are known in the prior art.
  • sophisticated refrigeration circuits with the classic refrigerants are already known.
  • the disadvantage of such refrigeration circuits is the high GWP value of the refrigerants used, which, in addition to possible future usage bans, entails increased costs for the use and maintenance of the systems.
  • the first simple refrigeration circuits with new refrigerants with a temperature glide of> 4 K are also known in the prior art. However, these have a significantly lower coefficient of performance for the refrigerants if a comparable cooling or heating capacity is to be provided.
  • R32 refrigerants such as R32.
  • the coefficients of performance of R32 correspond roughly to those of a classic refrigerant (R410A) and the GWP value is significantly lower, but the GWP value is not as low as with other refrigerants, e.g. R454C or R455A, which in turn entails higher costs and greater effort to operate the system compared to these refrigerants.
  • These refrigerants with reduced GWP are flammable, but difficult to ignite and have a low flame speed, which means that the destruction in the event of ignition is reduced to a minimum.
  • the A2L flammability class describes refrigerants with a flame speed of ⁇ 10cm / s.
  • R290 propane
  • R290 is very flammable, which means that extensive safety regulations must be observed for technical devices, especially those for private households or for large-volume systems. Due to the risk of ignition of this refrigerant, a large number of potential customers of such systems or a customer of refrigerants will always prefer systems or refrigerants with a significantly lower risk of ignition than R290.
  • GWP values and flammability classes are specified for the refrigerants mentioned:
  • R290: 3 A3 The object of the present invention was therefore to provide a refrigeration circuit with a performance figure comparable to that of the current, market-typical refrigeration circuits when using refrigerants with the lowest possible GWP value.
  • a refrigeration circuit comprising a compressor, a condenser, an expansion component, an evaporator and an additional recuperator, which is designed so that a fluid flows through this, characterized in that the compressor, the condenser, the expansion component and the evaporator are arranged one behind the other as a circle in a flow path of the fluid and the additional recuperator is arranged such that a heat transfer of the fluid between the condenser and the expansion component and the fluid between the evaporator and the compressor is enabled, the fluid being a Is a refrigerant mixture of two, three, four or more different refrigerants and has a temperature glide of at least 4 K, particularly preferably a refrigerant mixture such as R454C or R455A of category A2L with a GWP of less than 150.
  • the additional recuperator results in post-evaporation and, if necessary, overheating of the refrigerant mixture between the evaporator and the compressor, at least in the flow path behind the additional recuperator.
  • the energy required for this is taken from the refrigerant mixture, which is located in the flow path behind the condenser and in front of the expansion component, or which is then also located in the recuperator, whereby further cooling and, if necessary, subcooling of the refrigerant mixture after liquefaction and before the expansion takes place.
  • the transfer or transfer of the heat takes place in the recuperator.
  • the additional recuperator thus ensures that the pressure on the low-pressure side of the refrigeration circuit, i.e. in the flow path behind the expansion part and in front of the compressor, can be increased and thus the pressure ratio across the compressor can be reduced.
  • the density of the gaseous refrigerant mixture sucked in by the compressor is thus increased, which leads to an increase in the mass flow. Since the pressure ratio is about the compressor is reduced, but the mass flow increases, the compressor input power remains almost constant, preferably constant.
  • the evaporator takes on the function of a condenser and the condenser takes on the function of an evaporator.
  • the fluid is to be regarded as a component of the refrigeration circuit.
  • the heat transfer made possible by the additional recuperator means that the temperature of the refrigerant mixture located between the evaporator and the compressor in the flow path downstream of the additional recuperator is at least 1 ° C, preferably at least 10 ° C , particularly preferably at least 12 ° C, higher than before the additional recuperator.
  • the pressure also increases due to the increased temperature in the refrigerant mixture. This increases the pressure on the low-pressure side of the refrigeration circuit and reduces the pressure ratio across the compressor. As described above, this increases the COP.
  • the pressure on the low-pressure side is increased.
  • there is a reduction in the pressure ratio across the compressor preferably a reduction by at least 0.05 bar, particularly preferably a reduction by at least 0.30 bar, compared to a refrigeration circuit without the additional recuperator, with otherwise the same structure.
  • a decrease in the pressure ratio above the compressor means that there is an increase in pressure upstream of the compressor, since the pressure is directly downstream of the compressor is determined by this. As already described, an increase in pressure upstream of the compressor and thus on the low-pressure side of the refrigeration circuit leads to an increase in the COP.
  • the present invention describes a method for operating a refrigeration circuit, preferably a refrigeration circuit according to the invention, the temperature of the fluid in the flow path downstream of the evaporator and upstream of the compressor being increased, comprising the following step:
  • the fluid being a refrigerant mixture of two, three, four or more different refrigerants and has a temperature glide of at least 4 K, particularly preferably a refrigerant mixture of flammability class A2L with a GWP ⁇ 150, for example R454C or R455A, and where the temperature of the refrigerant mixture located in the flow path on the low-pressure side behind the additional recuperator is compared with that in the flow path on the low-pressure side before the additional recuperator refrigerant mixture is increased by at least 1 ° C, preferably by at least 10 ° C, particularly preferably by at least 12 ° C.
  • An alternative embodiment of the present invention relates to a heat pump comprising a refrigeration circuit according to the invention, a heat source and a heat sink, the fluid of the refrigeration circuit being a refrigerant mixture of two, three, four or more different refrigerants and having a temperature glide of at least 4 K, particularly preferably one Refrigerant mixture of flammability class A2L with a GWP ⁇ 150, for example R454C or R455A.
  • a heat pump according to the invention has a refrigeration circuit according to the invention which contains an additional recuperator, as described above. This makes it possible to operate the heat pump with a new refrigerant or with a new refrigerant mixture with a temperature glide of at least 4 K with a coefficient of performance comparable with market-typical cooling circuits, operated with, for example, R410A.
  • the heat pump according to the invention can preferably also be present as a refrigeration system or as an air conditioning unit.
  • the present invention describes a method for absorbing heat from the environment of a refrigeration circuit according to the invention at the evaporator or at the heat source of a heat pump according to the invention, and / or for releasing heat to the environment of the refrigeration circuit at the condenser or at the heat sink Heat pump, comprising the following step: transferring heat from the fluid located in the flow path downstream of the condenser, upstream of the expansion component and in the additional recuperator to the fluid located in the flow path downstream of the evaporator, upstream of the compressor and in the additional recuperator, the fluid being is a refrigerant mixture of at least two different refrigerants and has a temperature glide of at least 4 K, particularly preferred a refrigerant mixture is selected from the group consisting of R454C and R455A and where the coefficient of performance of the system with the refrigerant mixture in the refrigeration circuit compared to the coefficient of performance of the system
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a refrigeration circuit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a log (p), h diagram of a refrigeration circuit according to the invention.
  • 3 shows a schematic structure of a refrigeration circuit according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structure of a refrigeration circuit according to the invention with a compressor 11, a condenser 12, an expansion component 13, an evaporator 14 and an additional recuperator 15 as described above.
  • a heating circuit as a secondary circuit is coupled to the refrigeration circuit 1 via the condenser 12.
  • 2 is a schematic and exemplary log (p), h diagram of a refrigeration circuit with a refrigerant with a temperature glide of> 4 K without recuperator 15 (defined by the area that is from point 101, point 102, point 103 and point 104 is included) or with recuperator 15 (defined by the area which is covered by point 201, point 202, point 203, point 204, point 205 and point 206).
  • the pressure p in bar is indicated on the logarithmic y-axis, the specific enthalpy h in kJ / kg on the x-axis.
  • the points in FIG. 2 or the log (p), h diagram - point 201, point 202, point 203, point 204, point 205, point 206 - are run through one after the other. In operation to heat the heating circuit, they are run counterclockwise, in operation to cool the heating circuit, they are run through in a clockwise direction.
  • the at least saturated, preferably superheated, gaseous medium is compressed at point 201 by the compressor 11, and energy is added. This increases the pressure and the specific enthalpy h up to point 202.
  • the superheated gaseous medium is liquefied by the condenser and is now available as wet steam. The liquefaction releases energy, which increases the specific enthalpy h bis at point 203 decreases. Additional energy is now emitted by the recuperator 15 and the specific enthalpy h continues to decrease up to point 204.
  • the pressure is now reduced to point 205 via the expansion component 13. Energy is now supplied via the evaporator 14, the specific enthalpy h increases up to point 206. However, more energy can now be absorbed by the recuperator 15, as a result of which the specific enthalpy h increases up to point 201.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structure of a refrigeration circuit according to the invention with a compressor 11, a condenser 12, an expansion component 13, an evaporator 14 and an additional recuperator 15 as described above, as well as with a first valve 16, a second valve 17 and a bypass 18.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un circuit de réfrigération, un procédé de fonctionnement d'un circuit de réfrigération, une pompe à chaleur comprenant un tel circuit de réfrigération, ainsi qu'un procédé de transfert de chaleur par un tel circuit de réfrigération ou par une telle pompe à chaleur.
PCT/EP2020/054683 2019-03-08 2020-02-21 Circuit de réfrigération, pompe à chaleur associée et procédé associé WO2020182445A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20710056.1A EP3935322A1 (fr) 2019-03-08 2020-02-21 Circuit de réfrigération, pompe à chaleur associée et procédé associé

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019001639.4 2019-03-08
DE102019001639.4A DE102019001639A1 (de) 2019-03-08 2019-03-08 Kältekreis,Wärmepumpe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020182445A1 true WO2020182445A1 (fr) 2020-09-17

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2020/054683 WO2020182445A1 (fr) 2019-03-08 2020-02-21 Circuit de réfrigération, pompe à chaleur associée et procédé associé

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3935322A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019001639A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020182445A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009053726A2 (fr) * 2007-10-24 2009-04-30 Thermal Energy Systems Limited Pompe à chaleur
EP2213950A2 (fr) * 2009-01-30 2010-08-04 Panasonic Corporation Système de chauffage de circulation liquide et son procédé de contrôle

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10159892B4 (de) * 2001-12-06 2006-08-24 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Kältemaschine mit einem Rekuperator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009053726A2 (fr) * 2007-10-24 2009-04-30 Thermal Energy Systems Limited Pompe à chaleur
EP2213950A2 (fr) * 2009-01-30 2010-08-04 Panasonic Corporation Système de chauffage de circulation liquide et son procédé de contrôle

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MOTA-BABILONI ADRIÁN ET AL: "Experimental drop-in replacement of R404A for warm countries using the low GWP mixtures R454C and R455A", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 91, 23 May 2018 (2018-05-23), pages 136 - 145, XP085454563, ISSN: 0140-7007, DOI: 10.1016/J.IJREFRIG.2018.05.018 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102019001639A1 (de) 2020-09-10
EP3935322A1 (fr) 2022-01-12

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