WO2020181825A1 - 一种核酸提取设备 - Google Patents

一种核酸提取设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020181825A1
WO2020181825A1 PCT/CN2019/119366 CN2019119366W WO2020181825A1 WO 2020181825 A1 WO2020181825 A1 WO 2020181825A1 CN 2019119366 W CN2019119366 W CN 2019119366W WO 2020181825 A1 WO2020181825 A1 WO 2020181825A1
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Prior art keywords
hole
nucleic acid
piston
acid extraction
suction
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PCT/CN2019/119366
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈辉
Original Assignee
陈辉
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201910184157.7A external-priority patent/CN111690506A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201920311623.9U external-priority patent/CN210193829U/zh
Application filed by 陈辉 filed Critical 陈辉
Priority to EP19919371.5A priority Critical patent/EP3940052A4/en
Priority to JP2021544334A priority patent/JP2022520532A/ja
Priority to US17/427,985 priority patent/US20220119799A1/en
Publication of WO2020181825A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020181825A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
    • C12N15/1003—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor
    • C12N15/1006—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor by means of a solid support carrier, e.g. particles, polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
    • C12N15/1003—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
    • B01L3/021—Pipettes, i.e. with only one conduit for withdrawing and redistributing liquids
    • B01L3/0217—Pipettes, i.e. with only one conduit for withdrawing and redistributing liquids of the plunger pump type
    • B01L3/0227—Details of motor drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L9/00—Supporting devices; Holding devices
    • B01L9/52—Supports specially adapted for flat sample carriers, e.g. for plates, slides, chips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
    • C12N15/1003—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor
    • C12N15/1017—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor by filtration, e.g. using filters, frits, membranes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/00009—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor provided with a sample supporting tape, e.g. with absorbent zones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • G01N35/1009—Characterised by arrangements for controlling the aspiration or dispense of liquids
    • G01N35/1011—Control of the position or alignment of the transfer device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
    • B01L2300/0672—Integrated piercing tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
    • B01L2300/0681—Filter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
    • B01L2300/069—Absorbents; Gels to retain a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
    • B01L2300/0825—Test strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0809—Geometry, shape and general structure rectangular shaped
    • B01L2300/0829—Multi-well plates; Microtitration plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/18—Means for temperature control
    • B01L2300/1805—Conductive heating, heat from thermostatted solids is conducted to receptacles, e.g. heating plates, blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
    • B01L2400/0478—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure pistons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
    • B01L2400/0487—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure fluid pressure, pneumatics
    • B01L2400/049—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure fluid pressure, pneumatics vacuum
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00178—Special arrangements of analysers
    • G01N2035/00237—Handling microquantities of analyte, e.g. microvalves, capillary networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00178—Special arrangements of analysers
    • G01N2035/00277—Special precautions to avoid contamination (e.g. enclosures, glove- boxes, sealed sample carriers, disposal of contaminated material)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00346—Heating or cooling arrangements
    • G01N2035/00356—Holding samples at elevated temperature (incubation)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of biotechnology, in particular to a nucleic acid extraction device.
  • Nucleic acid extraction is a very important technology in life science research, biotechnology application and genetic diagnosis. Early nucleic acid extraction was based on the principle of phenol-chloroform extraction to remove impurities and ethanol precipitation of nucleic acids, but this method is very cumbersome.
  • nucleic acid extraction methods are mainly based on solid phase adsorption methods, that is, nucleic acid molecules are adsorbed on the surface of a solid phase adsorbent under specific conditions (such as pH, specific salts, etc.), and then eluted.
  • Purification methods mainly include the following two: (1) Spin column method: Fill the spin column with silicon-containing materials or other solids that can absorb nucleic acids as a medium, and use chaotropic salts such as guanidine salts as binding agents.
  • nucleic acid molecules pass When the spin column is adsorbed on the solid phase, the impurities are washed away with a solution containing ethanol, and finally the nucleic acid is eluted with a low-salt solution; this method is simple and convenient, with high extraction efficiency and good extraction effect, which is currently the most used
  • the disadvantage of the nucleic acid purification method is that it requires repeated centrifugation during the extraction process, which is not convenient for high-throughput and automated operations.
  • Magnetic bead method Use magnetic microspheres coated with silicon materials or other materials that can bind nucleic acids as solid phase carriers, under the action of chaotropic salts (guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine isothiocyanate, etc.) and an external magnetic field , Separate DNA and RNA from samples; this method is easy to realize automation and high-throughput operation, but the disadvantage is that the cost is high and the extraction process is time-consuming, which leads to the long time consuming of the entire genetic test, and doctors and patients cannot obtain test results in time.
  • the magnetic beads have poor chemical stability. The extraction efficiency is easily affected, and the extraction effect of magnetic beads from different samples, manufacturers, and batches varies greatly. Lead to unstable extraction and purification results.
  • nucleic acid automatic extraction devices are generally based on the above-mentioned magnetic bead method, such as the Chinese invention patent with the patent number ZL201620294747.7 (authorized announcement number CN205635634U), and the Chinese invention with patent number ZL201610687392.2 (authorized announcement number CN106119082A) Nucleic acid extraction device disclosed in patents.
  • the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid extraction device with simple structure and convenient use for the prior art.
  • the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid extraction device with high nucleic acid extraction purity in view of the prior art.
  • the third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid extraction device that does not cause cross-contamination between samples in the nucleic acid extraction process based on the prior art.
  • a nucleic acid extraction device including a workbench with a countertop, characterized in that it further includes:
  • the sliding seat is arranged on the table, and it can slide back and forth along the table under the drive of the sliding component;
  • the sample holder is arranged on the sliding seat, and the sample holder is provided with a plurality of sample holes arranged side by side in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding seat, and the sample holes are used for placing the sample tube;
  • the reagent strip holder is set on the sliding seat, and is provided with a containing groove for placing the reagent strip, and the number of the containing groove matches the number of the sample holes,
  • Each reagent strip includes a first tip hole, a second tip hole, and a reagent hole that are arranged in a straight line, wherein the first tip hole is used to place the suction head assembly, and the second tip hole is used to place the tip.
  • the reagent hole includes a first reagent hole for containing diluent, a second reagent hole for containing cleaning solution, a third reagent hole for containing eluent, and a fourth reagent for storing target substance
  • the pipetting table is set horizontally on a stand fixed on the table top and can be moved up and down relative to the sliding seat driven by the lifting assembly;
  • the piston assembly is set on the pipetting table and includes a piston part and a piston driving device.
  • the number of piston parts matches the number of sample holes.
  • Each piston part includes a piston tube and is built into the piston tube and can follow the inner wall of the piston tube The pistons move up and down, and each piston tube is vertically pierced on the pipetting table.
  • the lower end of the piston tube is respectively formed with a first joint for inserting and connecting the suction head.
  • the piston driving device can drive the piston in each piston to correspond to the corresponding The piston tube moves up and down; and
  • the suction assembly includes a connection suction tube and a vacuum pump.
  • the number of the connection suction tube matches the sample hole, and each connection suction tube is pierced on the pipetting table, and the upper end of each connection suction tube is respectively connected with the vacuum pump,
  • a heating device for heating the sample holder is also provided on the sliding seat.
  • the piercing component In order to easily pierce the seal on the reagent strip, it also includes a piercing component for piercing the seal on each reagent hole.
  • the piercing component includes a piercing frame and a piercing head installed on the piercing frame. The broken head is matched with the sample hole, the pistons are fixed on the piston frame, the piston frame is fixed on the output shaft of the piston driving device, and the piercing frame is fixed with the piston frame. In this way, when the piston driving device drives the piston frame to move down, it drives the piston down and at the same time drives the piercing frame down, so that the piercing heads can move down to pierce the seal on the reagent strip.
  • the piston frame is provided with suction joints, and the number of the suction joints corresponds to the piston parts one-to-one, and
  • a mounting frame is arranged on the table, and the vacuum pumps are respectively placed on the mounting frame.
  • the sliding assembly includes a first sliding block, a first sliding rail, a pressing block, a sliding motor, a timing belt, and a driving pulley
  • the sliding block is fixed at the bottom of the sliding seat
  • the first sliding rail is fixed on the table
  • the first sliding block can slide back and forth along the first sliding rail
  • the sliding motor is fixed on the table
  • the driving belt The wheel is fixed on the output shaft of the sliding motor
  • the driven pulley is installed on the table
  • the timing belt is tensioned between the driving pulley and the driven pulley
  • the pressure block is fixed on one side of the sliding seat and pressed on On the synchronous belt.
  • the reagent strip includes a carrier plate, the carrier plate is provided with a plurality of first through holes and second through holes in parallel along its length, and one side of the carrier plate protrudes from the first through hole.
  • one side of the carrier plate also has a sleeve body corresponding to the second through hole, and the nozzle of each tube body is directly opposite to the corresponding first through hole.
  • the openings are respectively opposite to the corresponding second through holes, thereby respectively forming a first tip hole, a second tip hole and each reagent hole.
  • first connecting piece and a second connecting piece are respectively provided on both sides of the carrier board, and the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece can be connected in a detachable manner.
  • first connecting piece is a connecting column
  • second connecting piece is a connecting sleeve into which the connecting column is inserted.
  • the suction head assembly includes a filter element suction head and a disposable capillary pipette, the lower end of the filter element suction head is embedded with an adsorption filter element, and the upper end of the disposable capillary pipette is sleeved on the lower end of the connecting straw and is embedded in In the upper port of the filter tip, and the disposable capillary pipette is located in the filter tip and above the adsorption filter.
  • the connecting straw and the filter tip are separated by the uncontaminated disposable capillary straw to avoid contact between the connecting straw and the filter tip during the suction process, thereby avoiding contamination of the filter tip, and The purity of nucleic acid extraction is ensured.
  • the connecting pipette can be reused by setting a disposable capillary pipette, thereby reducing the cost of nucleic acid extraction.
  • the disposable capillary tube allows the solution to be quickly and completely drawn from the filter element through the capillary effect, thereby ensuring the complete separation of nucleic acid and liquid adsorbed on the filter element and the thorough cleaning of impurities on the filter element.
  • the lower end of the disposable capillary straw is opposite to the adsorption filter element up and down.
  • the distance between the lower end of the disposable capillary tube and the upper surface of the adsorption filter element is 0-10 mm.
  • the distance between the lower end of the disposable capillary straw and the upper surface of the adsorption filter element is 2-5 mm, so that sufficient suction can be achieved.
  • the disposable capillary straw includes a first part located at the upper end and a second part located at the lower end, wherein the first part is used for sleeve connection on the connecting straw, and the diameter of the second part can supply liquid in Pass the disposable capillary straw smoothly under the action of suction. If the diameter of the second part is too large, first, no capillary action is not conducive to complete liquid extraction, and second, part of the liquid will remain between the second part and the suction tube of the filter element; on the contrary, if the second part is too small, The liquid may be blocked in the second part, and smooth suction cannot be achieved.
  • the pipe diameter of the second part is 0.5 to 2.0 mm.
  • the edge of the upper port of the disposable capillary pipette is lower than the edge of the upper port of the filter tip.
  • the second suction head can be realized.
  • the first suction head can separate the filter tip from the disposable capillary straw, and the second suction head can separate the disposable capillary straw from the connecting straw.
  • the filter tip can be put on other tips to clean the adsorption filter in the filter tip, so as to achieve the elution of nucleic acid substances.
  • a convex ring is provided along the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the upper end of the filter tip, and the convex ring abuts against the corresponding outer peripheral surface of the disposable capillary straw.
  • the frictional force of the linear surface contact between the convex ring and the outer peripheral surface of the disposable capillary straw is smaller.
  • the filter tip with less friction is returned, and then the disposable capillary straw, and the setting of the convex ring can make the disposable capillary straw and A seal is formed between the filter tips.
  • the convex ring can also prevent the adsorption filter from falling from the filter tips.
  • the convex ring is at least two arranged up and down.
  • the convex rings are arranged up and down at intervals.
  • the nucleic acid extraction device of the present invention includes a sliding seat and a pipetting table, the sliding seat is provided with a sample holder and a reagent strip holder, and the pipetting table is respectively provided with a piston
  • the sample holder has sample holes
  • the reagent strip holder has accommodating grooves.
  • the number of the accommodating grooves corresponds to the sample holes one-to-one, and when each accommodating groove contains a reagent strip In the state, the first tip hole, the second tip hole, and each reagent hole on each reagent strip are opposite to the corresponding sample hole, so that the pipetting table moves up and down relative to the sliding seat or the sliding seat is relative to
  • the lateral movement of the pipetting table can realize the loading of the suction head assembly and the suction head, as well as the suction, injection and mixing of samples and various reagents, thereby providing a basis for the automated operation of nucleic acid extraction.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a nucleic acid extraction device in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram in another direction of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a nucleic acid extraction device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of part I in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram in another direction of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram in another direction of FIG. 3;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another partial structure of a nucleic acid extraction device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is still another partial structural diagram of the nucleic acid extraction device in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the head back plate in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reagent strip holder in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sample holder in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is an exploded view of the structure of the piston in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a reagent strip in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram in another direction of FIG. 13;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram in still another direction of FIG. 13;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural view of the suction head assembly in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of the suction head assembly in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is an enlarged view of part II in Figure 17;
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter tip in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is an exploded view of the structure of the suction head assembly in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a nucleic acid extraction device includes a worktable 1 with a table top 10, a sliding seat 21, a sample holder 3, a reagent strip holder 213, a pipetting table 4, a piston assembly, and a suction assembly.
  • a housing 11 is provided on the table top 10, and the sliding seat 21 and the pipetting table 4 are both provided in the housing 11.
  • a heat dissipation fan 13 is provided on the back of the housing 11.
  • the sliding seat 21 is arranged on the table 10 and can slide back and forth along the table 10 under the drive of the sliding assembly 22.
  • the sliding assembly 22 includes a first sliding block 227, a first sliding rail 226, and a pressing block 225 ,
  • the sliding motor 221, the timing belt 224, the driving pulley 222 and the driven pulley 223, the first sliding block 227 is fixed at the bottom of the sliding seat 21, the first sliding rail 226 is fixed on the table 10, the first The sliding block 227 can slide back and forth along the first sliding rail 226, the sliding motor 221 is fixed on the table 10, the driving pulley 222 is fixed on the output shaft of the sliding motor 221, and the driven pulley 223 is installed on the table 10 ,
  • the timing belt 224 is tensioned between the driving pulley 222 and the driven pulley 223, and the pressure block 225 is fixed on one side of the sliding seat 21 and pressed on the timing belt 224
  • the sample holder 3 is arranged on the sliding seat 21, and the sample holder 3 has a plurality of sample holes 31 arranged in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding seat 21, and the sample holes 31 are used to place the sample tube 15 .
  • the sample holder 3 is in the shape of a long block, and the above-mentioned sample holes 31 are evenly distributed along the length direction, and each sample hole 31 extends along the height direction of the sample holder 3 to form a blind hole shape.
  • a heating device for heating the sample tube 15 placed in the sample hole 31 is also provided on the sliding seat 21.
  • the heating device is a heating bath 211 provided at the front end of the sliding seat 21, and the sample holder 3 is contained in the heating bath 211, so that the sample on the sample holder 3 can be fully heated and kept warm. .
  • the reagent strip holder 213 is arranged at the rear end of the sliding seat 21, on which is provided a containing groove 213a for placing the reagent strip 7, and the number of the reagent strip 7 containing grooves 213a corresponds to the sample hole 31 one-to-one
  • the above reagent strips 7 all include a first tip hole 71, a second tip hole 72a, 72b and a reagent hole that are arranged in a straight line.
  • the first tip hole 71 is used to place the suction head assembly, and the second tip hole 72a , 72b is used to place the tip 82, the reagent hole includes a first reagent hole 73 for containing the diluent, a second reagent hole 74a, 74b, 74c, 74d for containing the cleaning solution, and for containing the elution
  • the third reagent hole 75 of the liquid and the fourth reagent hole 76 for storing the target substance, each of the accommodating grooves 213a is in the state where the reagent strip 7 is placed, and the first tip hole 71 and the second tip hole 71 on each reagent strip 7
  • the two tip holes 72a, 72b and each reagent hole are respectively opposite to the corresponding sample hole 31.
  • the above-mentioned reagent strip 7 includes a carrier plate 70.
  • the carrier plate 70 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 701 and second through holes 702 side by side along its length.
  • One side of the carrier plate 70 extends
  • the tube body 703 corresponding to the first through hole 701 is one-to-one, and at the same time, a sleeve body 704 corresponding to the second through hole 702 is extended on one side of the carrier plate 70, and the nozzle of each tube body 703 Respectively face the corresponding first through holes 701 and the openings of each sleeve 704 face the corresponding second through holes 702 respectively, thereby respectively forming the aforementioned first nozzle hole 71, second nozzle hole 72a, 72b and Each reagent well.
  • the second reagent holes 74a, 74b, 74c, 74d contain cleaning liquids, which are the first cleaning liquid, the second cleaning liquid, the third cleaning liquid, and the fourth cleaning liquid, respectively, so that during the nucleic acid extraction process, Repeated rinsing can effectively ensure the quality of nucleic acid extraction.
  • a first connecting member 78 and a second connecting member 77 are respectively provided on both sides of the above-mentioned carrier plate 70, and the first connecting member 78 and the second connecting member 77 can be connected in a detachable manner.
  • two or more reagent strips 7 can be connected by the above-mentioned first connecting member 78 and second connecting member 77, so that the connected and combined reagent strip 7 can be placed upright without additional devices to realize the reagent strip. 7 is placed to facilitate the use of reagent strip 7.
  • the detachable connection of the first connecting member 78 and the second connecting member 77 can be realized in a variety of specific ways.
  • the first connecting member 78 is a connecting column, and the second connecting member 77 is for inserting the connecting column. Connection sleeve. Specifically, the first connecting member 78 is fixed to the bottom of the side edge of the carrier 70, and the first connecting member 78 extends vertically downward and is suspended, and the second connecting member 77 is fixed to the other of the carrier 70. The bottom of one side edge and/or the corresponding tube body 703 is at the corresponding tube wall of the side, and the second connecting member 77 extends vertically downward and its opening is exposed outside.
  • the pipetting table 4 is horizontally arranged on a stand 12 fixed to the table 10, and can be moved up and down relative to the sliding seat 21 under the driving of the lifting assembly 64.
  • the lifting component 64 includes a lifting motor 641, a lifting screw 642, and a lifting seat 643.
  • the above stand 12 includes a door frame 121 and fixed at The vertical plate 122 on the top plate of the door frame 121, the above-mentioned lifting motor 641 is installed at the upper end of the vertical plate 122, and the vertical plate 122 is respectively provided with a second sliding rail 122b and sliding holes 122a extending vertically below the lifting motor 641
  • the lifting screw 642 is vertically arranged and its upper end is connected to the output shaft of the lifting motor 641, and the lower end is connected to the top plate of the door frame 121.
  • the lifting seat 643 is penetrated on the vertical plate 122 through the sliding hole 122a, and its The front end is fixed with the above-mentioned pipetting table 4, the rear end is sleeved on the above-mentioned screw rod 642 and forms a screw transmission pair with the screw rod 642, and the lifting seat 643 is provided with a second sliding block 644, and the above-mentioned lifting motor 641 drives the wire
  • the screw rod 642 can drive the lifting base 643, and the second sliding block 644 can move up and down along the second sliding rail 122b, and the corresponding part of the lifting base 643 can move up and down along the sliding hole 122a.
  • the reagent strip holder 231 is located below the door frame 121.
  • the piston assembly is arranged on the pipetting table 4 and includes a piston member 62 and a piston driving device 61.
  • the piston driving device 61 is a motor
  • the number of the piston members 62 is the same as the number of the sample holes 31
  • each piston member 62 includes a piston tube 622 and a piston 621 built in the piston tube 622 and capable of moving up and down along the inner wall of the piston tube 622, and each piston tube 622 is vertically pierced on the pipetting table 4, the piston
  • the lower end of the tube 622 is respectively formed with a first joint 621a for inserting the suction head 82, and the piston driving device 61 can drive the piston 621 in each piston member 62 to move up and down relative to the corresponding piston tube 622.
  • the piston driving device 61 is a through-type stepping motor
  • the pistons 621 are fixed on the piston frame 63
  • each piston 621 includes a piston body 6210 and a piston rod 6211 fixed on the top end of the piston body 6210.
  • the piston frame 63 is fixed on the output shaft of the piston driving device 61.
  • a mounting frame 51 is provided on the table 10, and the vacuum pumps 5 are placed on the mounting frame 51 respectively.
  • the above-mentioned suction assembly includes a connecting suction tube 91 and a vacuum pump 5.
  • the number of the connecting suction tube 91 corresponds to the above-mentioned sample hole 31 one-to-one, and each connecting suction tube 91 is pierced on the pipetting table 4, and each connected to the upper end of the suction tube 91 They are respectively connected to the vacuum pump 5, and the lower ends are respectively formed with second joints 911 for inserting and connecting the above-mentioned suction head assembly.
  • the piston frame 63 is provided with suction joints 92.
  • each suction joint 92 is threaded on the suction joint frame 65.
  • One end of each suction joint 92 is connected to the corresponding port on the vacuum pump 5 through a connecting pipe (not shown), and the other end is connected
  • the upper end interface of the connecting straw 91 is connected through a connecting tube (not shown).
  • the suction head assembly includes a filter suction head 83 and a disposable capillary suction tube 81.
  • the lower port of the connection suction tube 91 is inserted into the upper end of the filter suction head 83, and the lower end of the filter suction head 83 is embedded with an adsorption filter 830.
  • the upper end of the disposable capillary straw 81 is sleeved on the lower end of the connecting straw 91 and embedded in the upper port of the filter tip 83, and the disposable capillary straw 81 is located in the filter tip 83 and in the adsorption filter 830
  • the lower end of the disposable capillary pipe 81 is opposite to the adsorption filter element 830 up and down.
  • the disposable capillary pipe 81 can prevent the connecting pipe 91 from contacting the filter tip 83 during the suction process, thereby avoiding the filter tip 83 from being contaminated, thereby ensuring the purity of nucleic acid extraction.
  • the lower end of the disposable capillary tube 81 is opposite to the adsorption filter element 830 up and down.
  • the lower end of the disposable capillary tube 81 and the upper surface of the adsorption filter element 830 maintain a proper distance.
  • the distance between the lower end of the disposable capillary straw 81 and the upper surface of the adsorption filter element 830 is 4 mm.
  • the disposable capillary straw 81 includes a first portion 811 located at the upper end and a second portion 812 located at the lower end.
  • the first portion 811 is used to sleeve the connecting straw 91, and the diameter of the second portion 812 can be
  • the supply liquid smoothly passes through the disposable capillary tube 81 under the action of suction. If the tube diameter of the second part 812 is too large, the capillary action of the second part 812 is not significant, and the liquid will remain between the second part 812 and the connecting straw 91. On the contrary, if the tube diameter of the second part 812 is too small , The liquid will be blocked in the second part 812, and smooth suction cannot be achieved.
  • the pipe diameter of the second part 812 is 0.5 to 2.0 mm.
  • the mouth edge of the upper port of the disposable capillary straw 81 is lower than the mouth edge of the upper port of the above-mentioned filter tip 83.
  • the first withdrawal of the tip makes the disposable capillary tube 81 and the filter tip 83 separate, and the second withdrawal of the tip can make the disposable capillary tube 81 and the connecting straw 91 separate, so that the filter tip 83 can be covered after the tip is withdrawn.
  • the inner peripheral surface of the upper end of the filter tip 83 is provided with a convex ring 831 along the circumferential direction, and the convex ring 831 is connected to the disposable capillary straw 81
  • the outer peripheral surfaces of the corresponding parts are offset. Compared with the surface-to-surface contact between the outer peripheral surface of the disposable capillary straw 81 and the inner peripheral surface of the filter tip 83, the frictional force of the linear surface contact between the convex ring 831 and the outer peripheral surface of the disposable capillary straw 81 is smaller This design allows the filter tip 83 and the disposable capillary straw 81 to be withdrawn from the connecting straw 91 respectively.
  • the filter tip 83 with lower friction is removed, and then the disposable capillary tube 81, and the configuration of the convex ring 831 can make the disposable capillary tube 81 and the filter tip 83 form a seal.
  • the above-mentioned raised rings 831 are two arranged up and down, and the two raised rings 831 are arranged up and down to be further The sealing between the secondary tube and the filter tip 83 is promoted.
  • the design of the convex ring 831 can also prevent the adsorption filter 830 from falling off the filter tip 83.
  • the nucleic acid extraction device of the present invention further includes a piercing assembly for piercing the seal on each reagent hole.
  • the piercing assembly includes a piercing rack 141 and a
  • the piercing head 14 on the piercing frame 141 corresponds to the sample hole 31 one-to-one, and the piercing frame 141 and the piston frame 63 are fixed as a whole.
  • an ejector plate 41 is fixed at the bottom of the pipetting table 4, and the ejector plate 41 is respectively provided with a first ejector head.
  • Each guide post 411 is pierced on the pipetting table 4 and can move up and down relative to the pipetting table 4, and its lower ends are respectively fixed to the above-mentioned head-ejection plate 41, and each guide post 411 has a structure with both ends thick and thin in the middle.
  • a return spring 411a is penetrated in the middle of each guide post 411. Specifically, the lower end of each guide post 411 is inserted into the pipetting table 4, and the return spring 411a is limited between the upper end of the guide post 411 and the top surface of the pipetting table 4.
  • each guide post 411 When the piston driving device 61 drives the piston frame When 63 moves down to a certain distance, the piston frame 63 abuts against the top of each guide post 411, thereby driving the head ejection plate 41 to move down to realize the suction head assembly or suction head 82.
  • each guide post 411 When the pressure on each guide post 411 When it disappears, each guide post 411 is reset under the action of the corresponding return spring 411a.
  • the suction head 82 can be unloaded from the first joint 621a, or the suction head assembly can be unloaded from the second joint 911, or the filter cartridge suction head 83 can be removed from the disposable capillary pipe 81 Uninstall on.
  • the piston driving device 61 cooperates with the lifting motor 641 to drive the piercing frame 141, so that each piercing head 14 pierces the seal on the corresponding reagent hole, and is ready for subsequent operations.
  • the sliding motor 221 drives the sliding seat 21 so that the suction heads 82 on the sliding seat 21 are directly opposite to the first joints 621a on the pipetting table 4, and the lifting motor 641 drives the pipetting table 4 to move down.
  • the first joint 621a presses the suction head 82 and rises.
  • the sliding motor 221 drives the sliding seat 21 so that each first reagent hole 73 containing the diluent is directly opposite to each suction head 82, the pipetting table 4 is lowered, and each suction head 82 is inserted into the corresponding first reagent.
  • the piston driving device 61 works, and the suction head 82 sucks the diluent.
  • the lifting motor 641 drives the pipetting table 4 to rise.
  • the sliding seat 21 translates so that the sample tubes 15 on the sample holder 3 and the first joints 621a on the pipetting table 4 are aligned one by one, the lifting motor 641 drives the pipetting table 4 to move down, and the piston driving device 61 works.
  • the diluent in each tip 82 is added to the corresponding sample tube 15, and the piston member 62 is sucked several times to make the diluent and the sample fully mixed, and keep it warm for 5-10 minutes as needed.
  • the lifting motor 641 drives the pipetting table 4 to rise, the sliding motor 221 aligns the second nozzle holes 72a, 72b with the first joints 621a one by one, the pipetting table 4 descends, the piston driving device 61 works, and drives the head back
  • the plate 41 retracts each suction head 82 into the corresponding second suction head hole 72a, 72b.
  • the pipetting table 4 rises, the sliding seat 21 moves and makes each disposable capillary pipe 81 face the second joint 911 one by one, the pipetting table 4 descends, and the suction head assembly is pressed and raised.
  • the sliding seat 21 moves and the sample tube 15 is located below the second joint 911, the pipetting table 4 is lowered, and the vacuum pump 5 works to extract samples.
  • the pipetting table 4 rises, the sliding seat 21 moves so that the first cleaning solution is located below the second joint 911, the pipetting table 4 descends, and the vacuum pump 5 works to extract the first cleaning solution.
  • the pipetting table 4 rises, the sliding seat 21 moves so that the second cleaning liquid is located below the second joint 911, the pipetting table 4 is lowered, and the vacuum pump 5 works to extract the second cleaning liquid.
  • the pipetting table 4 rises, the sliding seat 21 moves and the third cleaning liquid is located below the second joint 911, the pipetting table 4 is lowered, and the vacuum pump 5 works to extract the third cleaning liquid.
  • the pipetting table 4 rises, the sliding seat 21 moves so that the fourth cleaning solution is located below the second joint 911, the pipetting table 4 descends, the vacuum pump 5 works, and the fourth cleaning solution is drawn and the filter element is vacuumed for 2-5 minutes. ⁇ 83.
  • the pipetting table 4 rises, the sliding seat 21 moves and the first tip hole 71 is located below the second joint 911, the pipetting table 4 descends, the piston driving device 61 works, and drives the ejector plate 41 to retract the filter tip 83 To the first nozzle hole 71.
  • the pipetting table 4 rises, the sliding seat 21 moves and the first reagent hole 73 is located below the second joint 911, the pipetting table 4 descends, the piston driving device 61 works, and the ejector plate 41 is driven to retract the disposable capillary pipe 81 To the first reagent hole 73 (the diluent in the first reagent hole has been evacuated, and thus is used to place the disposable capillary tube 81 after use).
  • the pipetting table 4 rises, the sliding seat 21 moves and the filter tip 83 is located below the first joint 621a, the pipetting table 4 descends, and the filter tip 83 is pressed and raised.
  • the sliding seat 21 moves and the third reagent hole 75 is located below the first joint 621a, the pipetting table 4 is lowered, and the piston driving device 61 operates to suck the eluent.
  • the pipetting table 4 rises, the sliding seat 21 moves and the fourth reagent hole 76 is located below the first joint 621a, the pipetting table 4 drops, and the piston driving device 61 works to push out the eluent.
  • the pipetting table 4 rises, the sliding motor 221 drives the sliding seat 21 so that the first suction head hole 71 is located below the first joint 621a, the pipetting table 4 descends, the piston driving device 61 operates and drives the ejector plate 41 to remove the filter element
  • the suction head 83 retracts into the first suction head hole 71, and the motors are reset.
  • the nucleic acid extraction device of the present invention can realize the automatic and rapid operation of nucleic acid extraction, and the whole process only takes 5 to 10 minutes, and the processing of large sample volume can not be realized in a short time, thereby realizing the efficient extraction of nucleic acid.
  • the sample is purified by suction and cleaning, so that high-purity nucleic acid materials can be obtained without the risk of cross-contamination, with good repeatability and low cost.

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Abstract

一种核酸提取设备，包括具有台面的工作台，还包括滑移座、样品支架、试剂条支架、移液台、活塞组件以及抽吸组件。核酸提取设备包括滑移座和移液台，滑移座上设置有样品支架和试剂条支架，而移液台上分别设置有活塞组件和抽吸组件，样品支架上具有样品孔，而试剂条支架上具有容置槽，该容置槽的个数与样品孔一一对应，并且当各容置槽中分别容置有试剂条状态下，各试剂条上的第一吸头孔、第二吸头孔以及各试剂孔分别与对应的样品孔相对，这样通过移液台相对于滑移座的上下移动或者滑移座相对于移液台的横向移动，即能实现抽吸头组件及吸头的装载以及样品和各种试剂的吸取、注入以及混匀等操作，从而实现核酸提取的自动化操作。

Description

一种核酸提取设备
本申请要求申请人陈辉于2019年3月12日向中国专利局提交的、申请号为201910184157.7、发明名称为“一种核酸提取设备”的中国发明专利申请以及申请人于同一申请日向中国专利局提交的、申请号为201920311623.9、发明名称为“一种核酸提取设备”的中国实用新型专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域，尤其涉及一种核酸提取设备。
背景技术
核酸提取是生命科学研究、生物技术应用及基因诊断中非常重要的一项技术，早期的核酸提取是建立在苯酚氯仿抽提去杂质与乙醇沉淀核酸的原理上的，但这一方法非常累赘。
目前，商品化的核酸提取方法主要建立在固相吸附方法上，即在特定的条件下(如pH、特定的盐等)将核酸分子吸附在某种固相吸附剂表面，然后加以洗脱的纯化方法，主要包括以下两种：(1)离心柱法：以含硅材料或者其它可以吸附核酸的固体为介质装填在离心柱中，并用胍盐等离液盐作为结合剂，当核酸分子通过离心柱时即被吸附在固相上，然后用含乙醇的溶液洗去杂质，最后用低盐溶液将核酸洗脱下来；该方法简单便捷，提取效率高，提取效果好，是目前使用最多的核酸纯化方法，缺点是提取过程中需要反复离心，不便于高通量、自动化操作。(2)磁珠法：利用表面包裹硅材料或者其它能结合核酸的材料的磁性微球作为固相载体，在离液盐(盐酸胍、异硫氰酸胍等)和在外加磁场的作用下，从样本中分离DNA和RNA；该方法易于实现自动化、高通量操作，缺点是成本较高，提取过程费时，导致整个基因检测耗时过长，医生和患者不能及时获得检测结果。磁珠化学稳定性不好。提取效率易受影响，不同样品、不同厂家、不同批次的磁珠提取效果变化较大。导致提取纯化结果不稳定。另外，磁珠提取过程中的反复清洗磁珠过程还容易发生交叉污染，造成假阳性结果。现有的核酸自动化提取装置一般均基于上述磁珠法，如专利号为ZL201620294747.7(授权公告号为CN205635634U)的中国发明专利、专利号为ZL201610687392.2(授权公告号 为CN106119082A)的中国发明专利等公开的核酸提取装置。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是针对现有技术而提供一种结构简单、使用方便的核酸提取设备。
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是针对现有技术而提供一种核酸提取纯度高的核酸提取设备。
本发明所要解决的第三个技术问题是针对现有技术而提供一种核酸提取过程中样品间不会发生交叉污染的核酸提取设备。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为：一种核酸提取设备，包括具有台面的工作台，其特征在于，还包括：
滑移座，设置在台面上，其能在滑移组件驱动下沿台面来回滑移；
样品支架，设置在滑移座上，该样品支架上具有多个沿与滑移座滑移方向垂直的方向并列设置的样品孔，该样品孔用于放置样品管；
试剂条支架，设置在滑移座上，其上设置有用于放置试剂条的容置槽，且容置槽的个数与样品孔的相匹配，
试剂条均包括呈直线设置的第一吸头孔、第二吸头孔以及试剂孔，其中，该第一吸头孔用于放置抽吸头组件，第二吸头孔用于放置吸头，试剂孔包括用于容置稀释液的第一试剂孔、用于容置清洗液的第二试剂孔、用于容置洗脱液的第三试剂孔以及用于存积目标物质的第四试剂孔，且第二试剂孔至少为两个，各容置槽放置有试剂条状态下，各试剂条上的第一吸头孔、第二吸头孔以及各试剂孔分别与对应的样品孔相对；
移液台，水平设置在固定于台面的立架上并能在升降组件驱动下相对于滑移座上下升降；
活塞组件，设置在移液台上，包括活塞件和活塞驱动装置，活塞件的个数与样品孔的个数相匹配，各活塞件均包括活塞管和内置于活塞管并能沿活塞管内壁上下移动的活塞，且各活塞管均竖向穿设在移液台上，活塞管下端分别形成有用于插连吸头的第一接头，活塞驱动装置能驱动各活塞件中的活塞相对于对应的活塞管上下移动；以及
抽吸组件，包括连接吸管和真空泵，该连接吸管的个数与样品孔相匹配，且各连接吸管均穿设在移液台上，各连接吸管的上端分别与真空泵连通，
为能方便地根据操作需要对样品进行加热保温，所述滑移座上还设置用于加热样品 支架的加热装置。
为能方便地刺破试剂条上的封口，还包括用于刺破各试剂孔上的封口的刺破组件，该刺破组件包括刺破架和安装在刺破架上刺破头，该刺破头与样品孔相匹配，活塞均固定在活塞架上，该活塞架固定在活塞驱动装置的输出轴上，而刺破架与活塞架固定。这样当活塞驱动装置驱动活塞架下移时，带动活塞下移，同时带动刺破架下移，进而能使各刺破头下移而刺破试剂条上的封口。
为能更好地实现抽吸动作，所述真空泵为多个并与活塞件一一对应，所述活塞架上设置有抽吸接头，该抽吸接头的个数与活塞件一一对应，且各抽吸接头均穿设的活塞架上，各抽一端接口与对应的真空泵上的接口通过连接管连接，另一端接口与连接吸管的上端接口通过连接管连接。
为使各真空泵能更加稳固的安装，所述台面上设置有安装架，各真空泵分别放置在该安装架上。
为能更好地实现滑移座在滑移组件带动下沿台面的滑移，所述滑移组件包括第一滑块、第一滑轨、压块、滑移电机、同步带、主动带轮以及从动带轮，滑块固定在滑移座的底部，第一滑轨固定在台面上，第一滑块能沿该第一滑轨来回滑移，滑移电机固定在台面上，主动带轮固定在滑移电机的输出轴上，从动带轮安装在台面上，同步带张紧在主动带轮与从动带轮之间，压块固定在滑移座的一侧并压紧在同步带上。
作为优选，所述试剂条包括载板，该载板上沿其长度方向并列开设有多个第一通孔和第二通孔，该载板的一侧伸出有与第一通孔一一对应的管体，同时该载板的一侧还伸出有与第二通孔一一对应的套体，且各管体的管口分别与对应的第一通孔正对而各套体的开口分别与对应的第二通孔正对，从而分别形成第一吸头孔、第二吸头孔以及各试剂孔。
进一步，所述载板的两侧分别设置有第一连接件和第二连接件，该第一连接件和第二连接件能以可拆卸方式连接。
再进一步，所述第一连接件为连接柱，而第二连接件为供连接柱插入的连接套。
作为优选，所述抽吸头组件包括滤芯吸头和一次性毛细吸管，滤芯吸头的下端嵌装有吸附滤芯，所述一次性毛细吸管的上端套设在连接吸管的下端上并嵌装在滤芯吸头的上端口中，且该一次性毛细吸管位于滤芯吸头中并位于吸附滤芯的上方。通过设置一次性毛细吸管，通过未被污染的一次性毛细吸管将连接吸管和滤芯吸头隔开，避免抽吸过程中连接吸管与滤芯吸头接触，从而能避免滤芯吸头被污染，进而能保证核酸提取的纯 度，此外，通过设置一次性毛细吸管可使连接吸管被重复利用，从而降低核酸提取成本。此外，一次性毛细吸管通过毛细管效应使得溶液可以快速、完全地从滤芯中被抽走，从而保证了被吸附在滤芯上的核酸与液体的彻底分离以及滤芯上杂质的彻底清洗。
为较好地实现抽吸，一次性毛细吸管的下端与吸附滤芯上下相对。
为提升抽吸效果，所述一次性毛细吸管的下端与吸附滤芯的上表面之间的距离为0～10mm。
优选地，所述一次性毛细吸管的下端与吸附滤芯的上表面之间的距离为2～5mm，从而能实现充分抽吸。
作为优选，所述一次性毛细吸管包括位于上端的第一部分和位于下端的第二部分，其中，该第一部分用于套连在连接吸管上，而该第二部分的管径大小能供液体在吸力作用下顺利通过一次性毛细吸管。若第二部分的管径过大，一则无毛细管作用不利于液体彻底抽除，二则部分液体会残留在第二部分与滤芯吸管之间；反之，若第二部分的管径过小，则液体有可能会堵塞在第二部分中，无法实现顺利抽吸。
进一步，优选地，所述第二部分的管径为0.5～2.0mm。
作为优选，所述一次性毛细吸管的上端口的口沿低于滤芯吸头的上端口的口沿。通过如上设计能实现二次退吸头，第一次退吸头使得滤芯吸头和一次性毛细吸管脱离，第二次退吸头能使一次性毛细吸管与连接吸管脱离，这样退吸头后滤芯吸头可以套到其它吸头上对滤芯吸头中的吸附滤芯进行清洗，从而实现核酸物质的洗脱。
为便于一次性毛细吸管与滤芯吸头的之间的脱离，所述滤芯吸头的上端的内周面上沿周向设有凸环，该凸环与一次性毛细吸管的对应处的外周面相抵。与一次性毛细吸管的内周面与连接吸管的外周面之间的面面接触相比，凸环与一次性毛细吸管的外周面之间的线面接触的摩擦力更小，这一设计使得滤芯吸头和一次性毛细吸管可以从连接吸管上分别退掉，首先退掉的是摩擦力较小的滤芯吸头，然后是一次性毛细吸管，并且凸环的设置能使一次性毛细吸管与滤芯吸头之间形成密封，此外，凸环也能避免吸附滤芯从滤芯吸头中掉落。
为使一次性毛细吸管与滤芯吸头之间形成更好的密封，所述凸环至少为上下设置的两个。
为能进一步促进一次性毛细吸管与滤芯吸头之间的密封，各所述凸环上下间隔设置。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：本发明的核酸提取设备包括滑移座和移液 台，滑移座上设置有样品支架和试剂条支架，而移液台上分别设置有活塞组件和抽吸组件，样品支架上具有样品孔，而试剂条支架上具有容置槽，该容置槽的个数与样品孔一一对应，并且当各容置槽中分别容置有试剂条状态下，各试剂条上的第一吸头孔、第二吸头孔以及各试剂孔分别与对应的样品孔相对，这样通过移液台相对于滑移座的上下移动或者滑移座相对于移液台的横向移动，即能实现抽吸头组件及吸头的装载以及样品和各种试剂的吸取、注入以及混匀等操作，从而为核酸提取的自动化操作提供基础。此外，本发明中通过设置一次性毛细吸管，从而能避免抽吸过程中连接吸管接触连接吸管的下端而污染连接吸管，从而能保证不同核酸提取样品之间不会产生污染，并且能实现连接吸管的重复使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中核酸提取设备的结构示意图；
图2为图1的另一方向的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中核酸提取设备的局部结构示意图；
图4为图3中Ⅰ部分的放大图；
图5为图3的另一方向的结构示意图；
图6为图3的再另一方向的结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例中核酸提取设备的另一局部结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例中核酸提取设备的再另一局部结构示意图；
图9为本发明实施例中退头板的结构示意图；
图10为本发明实施例中试剂条支架的结构示意图；
图11为本发明实施例中样品支架的结构示意图；
图12为本发明实施例中活塞件的结构分解图；
图13为本发明实施例中试剂条的结构示意图；
图14为图13的另一方向的结构示意图；
图15为图13的再另一方向的结构示意图；
图16为本发明实施例中抽吸头组件的结构示意图；
图17为本发明实施例中抽吸头组件的剖视图；
图18为图17中Ⅱ部分的放大图；
图19为本发明实施例中滤芯吸头的结构示意图；
图20为本发明实施例中抽吸头组件的结构分解图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
如图1～20所示，一种核酸提取设备，包括具有台面10的工作台1、滑移座21、样品支架3、试剂条支架213、移液台4、活塞组件以及抽吸组件。本实施例中，上述台面10上设置有外壳11，上述滑移座21和移液台4均设置在该外壳内11，此外，外壳11的背部设置有散热风机13。
上述滑移座21设置在上述台面10上，其能在滑移组件22驱动下沿台面10来回滑移。本实施例中，为能更好地实现滑移座21在滑移组件22带动下沿台面10的滑移，上述滑移组件22包括第一滑块227、第一滑轨226、压块225、滑移电机221、同步带224、主动带轮222以及从动带轮223，上述第一滑块227固定在滑移座21的底部，上述第一滑轨226固定在台面10上，第一滑块227能沿该第一滑轨226来回滑移，滑移电机221固定在台面10上，主动带轮222固定在滑移电机221的输出轴上，从动带轮223安装在台面10上，同步带224张紧在主动带轮222与从动带轮223之间，上述压块225固定在滑移座21的一侧并压紧在同步带224上。本实施例中，上述滑移电机221为步进电机。
上述样品支架3设置在上述滑移座21上，该样品支架3上具有多个沿与滑移座21滑移方向垂直的方向并列设置的样品孔31，该样品孔31用于放置样品管15。本实施例中，该样品支架3呈长块状，其上沿长度方向间隔均布有上述样品孔31，且各样品孔31沿样品支架3高度方向延伸而形成盲孔状。为能方便地根据操作需要对样品进行加热保温，滑移座21上还设置用于加热放置于样品孔31的样品管15的加热装置。具体地，本实施例中，上述加热装置为设置在滑移座21前端的加热池211，上述样品支架3容置在该加热池211中，从而能对样品支架3上的样品进行充分加热保温。
上述试剂条支架213设置在上述滑移座21的后端，其上设置有用于放置试剂条7的容置槽213a，且试剂条7容置槽213a的个数与样品孔31的一一对应，上述试剂条7均包括呈直线设置的第一吸头孔71、第二吸头孔72a，72b以及试剂孔，第一吸头孔71用于放置抽吸头组件，第二吸头孔72a，72b用于放置吸头82，试剂孔包括用于容置稀释液的第一试剂孔73、用于容置清洗液的第二试剂孔74a，74b，74c，74d、用于容置洗脱液的第三试剂孔75以及用于存积目标物质的第四试剂孔76，各上述容置槽213a放置有上述试剂条7状态下，各试剂条7上的第一吸头孔71、第二吸头孔72a，72b以及各试剂孔分别与 对应的样品孔31相对。本实施例中，上述试剂条7包括载板70，该载板70上沿其长度方向并列开设有多个第一通孔701和第二通孔702，该载板70的一侧伸出有与上述第一通孔701一一对应的管体703，同时该载板70的一侧还伸出有与上述第二通孔702一一对应的套体704，且各管体703的管口分别与对应的第一通孔701正对而各套体704的开口分别与对应的第二通孔702正对，从而分别形成上述第一吸头孔71、第二吸头孔72a，72b以及各试剂孔。进一步，上述第二试剂孔74a，74b，74c，74d中容置有清洗液，分别为第一清洗液、第二清洗液、第三清洗液以及第四清洗液，这样核酸提取过程中，经过多次漂洗，能有效保证核酸提取的质量。
再进一步，上述载板70的两侧分别设置有第一连接件78和第二连接件77，该第一连接件78和第二连接件77能以可拆卸方式连接。这样两个或两个以上的试剂条7可通过上述第一连接件78和第二连接件77连接，从而使得连接组合后的试剂条7能竖向直立放置，无需另外设置装置来实现试剂条7的放置，从而方便试剂条7的使用。第一连接件78与第二连接件77的可拆卸连接可有多种具体的实现方式，优选地，上述第一连接件78为连接柱，而上述第二连接件77为供上述连接柱插入的连接套。具体地，上述第一连接件78固定在载板70一侧侧缘的底部，且该第一连接件78竖向向下延伸并呈悬空状，上述第二连接件77固定在载板70另一侧侧缘的底部和/或对应管体703在该侧的相应管壁处，该第二连接件77竖向向下延伸且其开口暴露在外。
上述移液台4水平设置在固定于上述台面10的立架12上，并能在升降组件64驱动下相对于上述滑移座21上下升降。为能更好地实现移液台4在升降组件64带动下的上下升降，上述升降组件64包括升降电机641、升降丝杆642以及升降座643，上述立架12包括门型架121和固定在门型架121的顶板上的竖板122，上述升降电机641安装在竖板122的上端，该竖板122于升降电机641的下方分别设置有竖向延伸的第二滑轨122b和滑孔122a，上述升降丝杆642竖向设置且其上端与升降电机641的输出轴连接，下端与门型架121的顶板连接，上述升降座643通过上述滑孔122a穿设在竖板122上，且其前端与上述移液台4固定，后端套设在上述丝杆642上并与该丝杆642组成螺旋传动副，且该升降座643上设置有第二滑块644，上述升降电机641驱动丝杆642转动时，丝杆642能带动升降座643，并使第二滑块644能沿第二滑轨122b上下滑移而升降座643的相应处能沿上述滑孔122a上下移动。初始状态下，上述试剂条支架231位于上述门型架121的下方。
上述活塞组件设置在上述移液台4上，包括活塞件62和活塞驱动装置61，本实施例 中该活塞驱动装置61为电机，上述活塞件62的个数与上述样品孔31的个数一一对应，各活塞件62均包括活塞管622和内置于活塞管622并能沿活塞管622内壁上下移动的活塞621，且各活塞管622均竖向穿设在上述移液台4上，活塞管622下端分别形成有用于插连上述吸头82的第一接头621a，上述活塞驱动装置61能驱动各活塞件62中的活塞621相对于对应的活塞管622上下移动。本实施例中，上述活塞驱动装置61为贯穿式步进电机，上述活塞621均固定在活塞架63上，且各活塞621均包括活塞本体6210和固定在该活塞本体6210顶端的活塞杆6211，而该活塞架63固定在活塞驱动装置61的输出轴上。为使各真空泵5能更加稳固的安装，上述台面10上设置有安装架51，各真空泵5分别放置在该安装架51上。
上述抽吸组件包括连接吸管91和真空泵5，该连接吸管91的个数与上述样品孔31一一对应，且各连接吸管91均穿设在上述移液台4上，各连接吸管91的上端分别与真空泵5连通，而下端分别形成有用于插连上述抽吸头组件的第二接头911。为能更好地实现抽吸动作，上述真空泵5为多个并与上述连接吸管91一一对应，上述活塞架63上设置有抽吸接头92，该抽吸接头92的个数与连接吸管91一一对应，且各抽吸接头92均穿设在抽吸接头架65上，各抽吸接头92的一端接口与对应的真空泵5上的接口通过连接管(未示出)连接，另一端接口与连接吸管91的上端接口通过连接管(未示出)连接。
上述抽吸头组件包括滤芯吸头83和一次性毛细吸管81，其中，上述连接吸管91的下端口插入上述滤芯吸头83的上端中，而滤芯吸头83的下端嵌装有吸附滤芯830。一次性毛细吸管81的上端套设在上述连接吸管91的下端上并嵌装在滤芯吸头83的上端口中，且该一次性毛细吸管81位于上述滤芯吸头83中并位于上述吸附滤芯830的上方，该一次性毛细吸管81的下端与上述吸附滤芯830上下相对。这样，本实施例中，通过设置上述一次性毛细吸管81能避免抽吸过程中连接吸管91与滤芯吸头83接触，从而能避免滤芯吸头83被污染，进而能保证核酸提取的纯度。
进一步，上述一次性毛细吸管81的下端与上述吸附滤芯830上下相对，为最大程度地提升抽吸效果，上述一次性毛细吸管81的下端与上述吸附滤芯830的上表面保持适当距离。本实施例中为实现充分抽吸，一次性毛细吸管81的下端与上述吸附滤芯830的上表面距离为4mm。
上述一次性毛细吸管81包括位于上端的第一部分811和位于下端的第二部分812，其中，该第一部分811用于套连在上述连接吸管91上，而该第二部分812的管径大小能供液体在吸力作用下顺利通过一次性毛细吸管81。若上述第二部分812的管径过大，则第 二部分812的毛细管作用不显著，液体会残留在第二部分812与连接吸管91之间，反之，若第二部分812的管径过小，则液体会堵塞在第二部分812中，无法实现顺利抽吸。本实施例中，优选地，上述第二部分812管体的管径为0.5～2.0mm。
再进一步，为实现二次退吸头，一次性毛细吸管81的上端口的口沿低于上述滤芯吸头83的上端口的口沿。这样第一次退吸头使得一次性毛细吸管81和滤芯吸头83脱离，第二次退吸头能使一次性毛细吸管81与连接吸管91脱离，这样退吸头后滤芯吸头83可以套到其它吸头上对滤芯吸头83中的吸附滤芯830进行清洗，从而实现核酸物质的洗脱。
此外，为便于一次性毛细吸管81与滤芯吸头83的之间的脱离，上述滤芯吸头83的上端的内周面上沿周向设有凸环831，该凸环831与上述一次性毛细吸管81的对应处的外周面相抵。与一次性毛细吸管81的外周面与滤芯吸头83的内周面之间的面面接触相比，凸环831与一次性毛细吸管81的外周面之间的线面接触的摩擦力更小，这一设计使得滤芯吸头83和一次性毛细吸管81可以从连接吸管91上分别退掉。首先退掉的是摩擦力较小的滤芯吸头83，然后是一次性毛细吸管81，并且凸环831的设置能使一次性毛细吸管81与滤芯吸头83之间形成密封。本实施例中，为使一次性毛细吸管81与滤芯吸头83之间形成更好的密封，上述凸环831为上下设置的两个，并且该两个凸环831上下间隔设置，从而能进一步促进次性管与滤芯吸头83之间的密封，此外，上述凸环831的设计也可以防止吸附滤芯830从滤芯吸头83中脱落。
为能方便地刺破试剂条7上的封口，本发明中的核酸提取设备还包括用于刺破各试剂孔上的封口的刺破组件，该刺破组件包括刺破架141和安装在刺破架141上刺破头14，该刺破头14与上述样品孔31一一对应，而上述刺破架141与上述活塞架63固定为一体。这样当升降电机641带动移液台4下移，同时活塞驱动装置61驱动活塞架63下移而带动活塞621下移，则带动刺破架141下移，进而能使各刺破头14下移而刺破试剂条7各试剂孔上的封口。为方便卸载第一接头621a上的吸头82和第二接头911上的抽吸头组件，移液台4的底部固定有退头板41，该退头板41上分别布设有第一退头孔41a和第二退头孔41b，上述第一接头621a和第二接头911分别穿设在该第一退头孔41a和第二退头孔41b中，且第一退头孔41a的孔径与第一接头621a相应处的半径相匹配而小于滤芯吸头83连接端的半径，第二退头孔41b的孔径与第二接头911相应处的半径相匹配而小于吸头82连接端的半径。移液台4的两端分别竖向有导向柱411，当活塞驱动装置61驱动活塞架63下移到一定距离时，活塞架63能与上述导向柱411的顶端相抵。各导向柱411均穿设在移液台4上并能相对于移液台4上下移动，其下端分别与上述退头板41固定，且 各导向柱411均为两端粗中间细的结构，且各导向柱411的中部均穿设有复位弹簧411a。具体地，各导向柱411的下端均穿设在移液台4中，而复位弹簧411a限位在导向柱411的上端与移液台4的顶面之间，当活塞驱动装置61驱动活塞架63下移到一定距离时，活塞架63与各导向柱411的顶端相抵，从而带动退头板41下移而实现退抽吸头组件或吸头82.当作用在各导向柱411上的压力消失时，各导向柱411在对应的复位弹簧411a的作用下复位。这样通过设置上述退头板41能实现将吸头82从第一接头621a上的卸载，或者将抽吸头组件从第二接头911上的卸载，或者将滤芯吸头83从一次性毛细吸管81上的卸载。
本发明的工作过程如下：
将样品管15和试剂条7分别放入样品支架3和试剂条支架231中，启动核酸提取设备，各个电机复位，加热装置按设定的保温程序对样品进行加热保温。样品保温完毕后，活塞驱动装置61配合升降电机641驱动刺破架141，使得各刺破头14刺破对应试剂孔上的封口，为后续操作做好准备。
滑移电机221驱动滑移座21，使得滑移座21上的各吸头82与移液台4上的各第一接头621a一一正对，升降电机641驱动移液台4下移，各第一接头621a压取吸头82并上升。滑移电机221驱动滑移座21，使得容置有稀释液的各第一试剂孔73分别与各吸头82一一正对，移液台4下降，各吸头82插入对应的第一试剂孔73中，活塞驱动装置61工作，吸头82吸取稀释液，吸取完毕后，升降电机641带动移液台4上升。
滑移座21平移，使得样品支架3上的各样品管15与移液台4上的各第一接头621a一一正对，升降电机641驱动移液台4下移，活塞驱动装置61工作，将各吸头82中的稀释液加入对应的样品管15中，活塞件62进行数次抽吸，使得稀释液和样品充分混匀，根据需要保温5～10分钟。
升降电机641带动移液台4上升，滑移电机221将第二吸头孔72a，72b与各第一接头621a一一正对，移液台4下降，活塞驱动装置61工作，并带动退头板41，将各吸头82退至对应的第二吸头孔72a，72b中。移液台4上升，滑移座21移动并使各一次性毛细吸管81分别与第二接头911一一正对，移液台4下降，压取抽吸头组件并上升。
滑移座21移动并使样品管15位于第二接头911的下方，移液台4下降，真空泵5工作，抽取样品。移液台4上升，滑移座21移动而使第一清洗液位于第二接头911的下方，移液台4下降，真空泵5工作，抽取第一清洗液。移液台4上升，滑移座21移动而使第二清洗液位于第二接头911的下方，移液台4下降，真空泵5工作，抽取第二清洗液。移 液台4上升，滑移座21移动而使第三清洗液位于第二接头911的下方，移液台4下降，真空泵5工作，抽取第三清洗液。移液台4上升，滑移座21移动而使第四清洗液位于第二接头911的下方，移液台4下降，真空泵5工作，抽取第四清洗液同时空吸抽干2-5分钟滤芯吸头83。
移液台4上升，滑移座21移动并使第一吸头孔71位于第二接头911的下方，移液台4下降，活塞驱动装置61工作，带动退头板41将滤芯吸头83退至第一吸头孔71中。移液台4上升，滑移座21移动并使第一试剂孔73位于第二接头911的下方，移液台4下降，活塞驱动装置61工作，带动退头板41将一次性毛细吸管81退至第一试剂孔73中(第一试剂孔中的稀释液已被抽空，因而被用于放置使用后的一次性毛细吸管81)。移液台4上升，滑移座21移动并使滤芯吸头83位于第一接头621a的下方，移液台4下降，压取滤芯吸头83并上升。滑移座21移动并使第三试剂孔75位于第一接头621a的下方，移液台4下降，活塞驱动装置61工作，吸取洗脱液。
吸取完成后，移液台4上升，滑移座21移动并使第四试剂孔76位于第一接头621a的下方，移液台4下降，活塞驱动装置61工作推出洗脱液。
移液台4上升，滑移电机221驱动滑移座21使得第一吸头孔71位于第一接头621a的下方，移液台4下降，活塞驱动装置61工作并带动退头板41而将滤芯吸头83退至第一吸头孔71中，各电机复位。
与现有技术相比，本发明中的核酸提取设备能实现核酸提取的自动快速操作，整个过程仅需5～10分钟，短时间没能实现大样本量的处理，从而实现核酸的高效提取，并且采用抽吸清洗的方式纯化样本，进而能获得高纯度的核酸物质，且无交叉污染风险，重复性好、成本低。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种核酸提取设备，包括具有台面(10)的工作台(1)，其特征在于，还包括：
    滑移座(21)，其设置在所述台面(10)上，其能在滑移组件(22)的驱动下沿所述台面(10)来回滑移；
    样品支架(3)，其设置在所述滑移座(21)上，该样品支架(3)上具有多个沿与滑移座(21)滑移方向垂直的方向并列设置的样品孔(31)，该样品孔(31)用于放置样品管(15)；
    试剂条支架(213)，其设置在上述滑移座(21)上，其上设置有用于放置试剂条(7)的容置槽(213a)，且该容置槽(213a)的个数与所述样品孔(31)的个数相匹配，所述试剂条(7)均包括呈直线设置的第一吸头孔(71)、第二吸头孔(72a，72b)以及试剂孔，其中，该第一吸头孔(71)用于放置抽吸头组件，第二吸头孔(72a，72b)用于放置吸头(82)，试剂孔包括用于容置稀释液的第一试剂孔(73)、用于容置清洗液的第二试剂孔(74a、74b、74c、74d)、用于容置洗脱液的第三试剂孔(75)以及用于存积目标物质的第四试剂孔(76)，各所述容置槽(213a)中分别容置有所述试剂条(7)状态下，各所述试剂条(7)上的所述第一吸头孔(71)、第二吸头孔(72a，72b)以及各所述试剂孔分别与对应的样品孔(31)正对；
    移液台(4)，其水平设置在固定于所述台面(10)的立架(12)上，并能在升降组件(64)驱动下相对于所述滑移座(21)上下升降；
    活塞组件，其设置在所述移液台(4)上，包括活塞件(62)和活塞驱动装置(61)，所述活塞件(62)的个数与所述样品孔(31)的个数相匹配，各所述活塞件(62)均包括活塞管(622)和内置于所述活塞管(622)并能沿所述活塞管(622)内壁上下移动的活塞(621)，且各所述活塞管(622)均竖向穿设在所述移液台(4)上，所述活塞管(622)下端分别形成有用于插连所述吸头(82)的第一接头(621a)，所述活塞驱动装置(61)能驱动各所述活塞件(62)中的所述活塞(621)相对于对应的活塞管(622)上下移动；以及
    抽吸组件，其包括连接吸管(91)和真空泵(5)，该连接吸管(91)的个数与所述样品孔(31)的个数相匹配，且各所述连接吸管(91)均穿设在所述移液台(4)上，且各所述 连接吸管(91)的上端分别与真空泵(5)连通，而下端分别形成有用于插连所述抽吸头组件的第二接头(911)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述滑移座(21)上还设置用于加热所述样品支架(3)的加热装置。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，还包括用于刺破各试剂孔上的封口的刺破组件，该刺破组件包括刺破架(141)和安装在所述刺破架(141)上的刺破头(14)，该刺破头(14)与所述样品孔(31)相匹配，
    所述活塞(621)均安装在活塞架(63)上，该活塞架(63)固定在活塞驱动装置(61)的输出轴上，而所述刺破架(141)与所述活塞架(63)固定。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述真空泵(5)为多个并与所述活塞件(62)一一对应，所述活塞架(63)上设置有抽吸接头(92)，该抽吸接头(92)的个数与活塞件(62)一一对应，且各抽吸接头(92)均穿设在抽吸接头架(65)上，各所述抽吸接头(92)的一端接口与对应的真空泵(5)上的接口通过连接管连接，另一端接口与连接吸管(91)的上端接口通过连接管连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述台面(10)上设置有安装架(51)，各所述真空泵(5)分别放置在该安装架(51)上。
  6. 如权利要求1或2所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述滑移组件(22)包括第一滑块(227)、第一滑轨(226)、压块(225)、滑移电机(221)、同步带(224)、主动带轮(222)以及从动带轮(223)，所述第一滑块(227)固定在滑移座(21)的底部，所述第一滑轨(226)固定在所述台面(10)上，所述第一滑块(227)能沿该第一滑轨(226)来回滑移，所述滑移电机(221)固定在所述台面(10)上，所述主动带轮(222)固定在所述滑移电机(221)的输出轴上，所述从动带轮(223)安装在所述台面(10)上，所述同步带(224)张紧在所述主动带轮(222)与所述从动带轮(223)之间，所述压块(225)固定在所述滑移座(21)的一侧并压紧在所述同步带(224)上。
  7. 如权利要求1或2所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述升降组件(64)包括升降电机(641)、升降丝杆(642)以及升降座(643)，所述立架(12)包括门型架(121)和固定在门型架(121)的顶板上的竖板(122)，所述升降电机(641)安装在所述竖板(122)的 上端，该竖板(122)于所述升降电机(641)的下方分别设置有竖向延伸的第二滑轨(122b)和滑孔(122a)，所述升降丝杆(642)竖向设置且其上端与所述升降电机(641)的输出轴连接，下端与所述门型架(121)的顶板连接，所述升降座(643)通过所述滑孔(122a)穿设在所述竖板(122)上，且其前端与所述移液台(4)固定，后端套设在所述升降丝杆(642)上并与该升降丝杆(642)组成螺旋传动副，且该升降座(643)上设置有第二滑块(644)，
    所述升降电机(641)驱动升降丝杆(642)转动时，所述升降丝杆(642)能带动升降座(643)，并使所述第二滑块(644)能沿所述第二滑轨(122b)上下滑移而所述升降座(643)的相应处能沿所述滑孔(122a)上下移动。
  8. 如权利要求1或2所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述试剂条(7)包括载板(70)，该载板(70)上沿其长度方向并列开设有多个第一通孔(701)和第二通孔(702)，该载板(70)的一侧伸出有与所述第一通孔(701)一一对应的管体(703)，同时该载板(70)的一侧还伸出有与所述第二通孔(702)一一对应的套体(704)，且各所述管体(703)的管口分别与对应的第一通孔(701)正对而各所述套体(704)的开口分别与对应的第二通孔(701)正对，从而分别形成所述第一吸头孔(71)、第二吸头孔(72a，72b)以及各试剂孔。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述载板(70)的两侧分别设置有第一连接件(78)和第二连接件(77)，该第一连接件(78)和第二连接件(77)能以可拆卸方式连接。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述述第一连接件(78)为连接柱，而所述第二连接件(77)为供所述连接柱插入的连接套。
  11. 如权利要求1或2所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述抽吸头组件包括滤芯吸头(83)和一次性毛细吸管(81)，所述滤芯吸头(83)中嵌装有吸附滤芯(830)，所述一次性毛细吸管(81)的上端套设在所述连接吸管(91)的下端上并嵌装在所述滤芯吸头(83)的上端口中，且所述一次性毛细吸管(81)位于所述滤芯吸头(83)中并位于所述吸附滤芯(830)的上方。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述一次性毛细吸管 (81)的下端与所述吸附滤芯(830)上下相对。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述一次性毛细吸管(81)的下端与所述吸附滤芯(830)的上之间的距离为0～10mm。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述一次性毛细吸管(81)的下端与所述吸附滤芯(830)的上表面之间的距离为2-5mm。
  15. 如权利要求11所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述一次性毛细吸管(81)包括位于上端的第一部分(811)和位于下端的第二部分(812)，其中，该第一部分(811)用于套连在所述连接吸管(91)上，而该第二部分(812)的管径大小能供液体在吸力作用下顺利通过所述一次性毛细吸管(81)。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述第一部分(811)管体的管径为0.5～2.0mm。
  17. 如权利要求11所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述一次性毛细吸管(81)的上端口的口沿低于所述滤芯吸头(83)的上端口的口沿。
  18. 如权利要求11所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述滤芯吸头(83)的上端的内周面上沿周向设有凸环(831)，该凸环(831)能与所述一次性毛细吸管(81)的对应处的外周面相抵。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的核酸提取设备，其特征在于，所述凸环(831)至少为上下设置的两个，并且各所述凸环(831)上下间隔设置。
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