WO2020181758A1 - 一种宽粒级浮选系统及工艺 - Google Patents

一种宽粒级浮选系统及工艺 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020181758A1
WO2020181758A1 PCT/CN2019/107441 CN2019107441W WO2020181758A1 WO 2020181758 A1 WO2020181758 A1 WO 2020181758A1 CN 2019107441 W CN2019107441 W CN 2019107441W WO 2020181758 A1 WO2020181758 A1 WO 2020181758A1
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Prior art keywords
flotation
hydraulic
wide
cyclone
machine
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/107441
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邢耀文
桂夏辉
丁世豪
徐梦迪
曹亦俊
张友飞
夏阳超
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Application filed by China University of Mining and Technology CUMT, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB filed Critical China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Priority to CA3098238A priority Critical patent/CA3098238C/en
Priority to AU2019434220A priority patent/AU2019434220B2/en
Priority to US17/043,600 priority patent/US12115539B2/en
Publication of WO2020181758A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020181758A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
    • B03D1/028—Control and monitoring of flotation processes; computer models therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/005—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for coal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/001—Flotation agents
    • B03D1/004—Organic compounds
    • B03D1/016—Macromolecular compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/08—Subsequent treatment of concentrated product
    • B03D1/082—Subsequent treatment of concentrated product of the froth product, e.g. washing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/08—Subsequent treatment of concentrated product
    • B03D1/085—Subsequent treatment of concentrated product of the feed, e.g. conditioning, de-sliming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B03D1/1418—Flotation machines using centrifugal forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B03D1/24—Pneumatic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
    • B03D2203/02—Ores
    • B03D2203/04—Non-sulfide ores
    • B03D2203/08—Coal ores, fly ash or soot

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of coal washing and deashing, in particular to a wide-grain flotation system and process.
  • coal preparation plants will produce a large amount of slime during the washing and processing process, which will increase the burden of the coal preparation process.
  • the traditional slime flotation process has a small processing capacity and a narrow range of selective recovery of particles. Fine particles below 0.125mm are strongly water-borne, the phenomenon of fine mud entrainment is serious, and the selectivity is poor. Coarse particles above 0.25mm are prone to bubble desorption, and the recovery rate is low. Wide-grain flotation is difficult to achieve.
  • the present invention aims to provide a wide particle size flotation system and process to solve the problems of the existing wide particle size flotation process of complexity, high cost, high energy consumption, and harm to the environment.
  • a wide particle size flotation process which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Feed the coal slime to be floated into the mixer, add water to the floated coal slime in the mixer and mix it evenly, and then feed it into the classifying cyclone via the first feed pump for pre-classification;
  • Step 2 After the coal slime is classified in the classification cyclone, the overflow in the classification cyclone is fed to the flotation column by the second feed pump for flotation, and the flotation tailings are discharged through the bottom flow port of the flotation column , The flotation concentrate is collected through the overflow of the flotation column and fed into the bubble generator by the fourth feed pump, and the flotation concentrate is fed from the bottom of the hydraulic flotation machine through the bubble generator;
  • Step 3 After the coal slime is classified in the classifying cyclone, the bottom flow in the classifying cyclone is fed to the hydraulic flotation machine through the third feed pump for flotation recovery.
  • step two when the flotation concentrate passes through the bubble generator, a certain amount of collector and foaming agent are added, and the rising water flow of the hydraulic flotation machine is supplied to the hydraulic flotation machine to form a foam layer.
  • step three the coarse slime underflow supplied by the grading cyclone is sorted in the foam layer of the hydraulic flotation machine, the flotation concentrate is collected by the overflow of the hydraulic flotation machine, and the flotation tailings It is discharged from the underflow port of the hydraulic flotation machine.
  • the classification accuracy of the classifying cyclone is ⁇ 0.125mm
  • the particle size in the overflow of the classifying cyclone is -0.125mm
  • the particle size in the underflow is +0.125mm.
  • the foaming agent is pine oil, cresol oil, terpineol (No. 2 flotation oil), methyl isobutyl methanol, methyl pentanol, triethyl benzene 1-oxane (No. 4 flotation oil)
  • pine oil, cresol oil, terpineol No. 2 flotation oil
  • methyl isobutyl methanol methyl pentanol
  • triethyl benzene 1-oxane No. 4 flotation oil
  • the collector is one or two combinations of kerosene and diesel.
  • a stirrer, a grading cyclone, a flotation device, a stirrer and a grading cyclone are provided along the separation pipeline.
  • the flotation device includes a hydraulic flotation machine and a flotation column; the top of the grading cyclone is provided with an upper discharge port, which is connected with the flotation column, and the upper discharge port
  • the bottom of the grading cyclone is provided with a lower discharge port, which is connected to the hydraulic flotation machine, and is set between the lower discharge port and the hydraulic flotation machine.
  • the flotation column is provided with an underflow port capable of discharging flotation tailings and an overflow port for collecting flotation concentrate; the overflow port is connected with the hydraulic flotation machine, and the overflow port is provided with the hydraulic flotation machine.
  • a feeding device is also provided, and the feeding device is the agitator to feed the coal slime to be floated.
  • the lower part of the hydraulic flotation machine is a cone structure, and the bubble generator is connected to the upper part of the cone structure.
  • a flushing water pipe is connected to the top of the flotation column.
  • the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
  • the wide particle flotation process provided by the present invention is pre-classified by a classifying cyclone, fine particles are separated by a flotation column, coarse particles are separated by a hydraulic flotation machine, and the concentrate is separated by a flotation column As the fluidized water of the hydraulic flotation machine, a stable foam layer is formed in the hydraulic flotation machine.
  • the flotation column and the hydraulic flotation machine are used in concert to complement each other's advantages, which is more conducive to the working performance of each device and is used for coarse particles.
  • the wide-grain flotation system provided by the present invention is equipped with a classifying cyclone capable of pre-classifying coal slime.
  • the classifying cyclone is respectively connected with the flotation column and the hydraulic flotation machine, and adopts the flotation with good selectivity.
  • the column selection and the hydraulic flotation machine with strong recovery capabilities are used in concert to complement the advantages of the two equipment.
  • the wide-grain flotation system of the present invention has simple structure, good flotation effect, low energy consumption, and environmental protection, expands the processing limit of the traditional flotation process, and realizes the treatment of fine particles (less than 0.125mm) and coarse particles (0.125-1mm). )
  • High-efficiency flotation recovery has a wide range of application prospects.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of the sorting process in the first embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sorting equipment in the second embodiment.
  • a specific embodiment of the present invention as shown in Fig. 1, discloses a wide particle size flotation process, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Feed the coal slime to be floated into the agitator 1, add water into the agitator 1 to mix the floating coal slime, and then feed it into the classifying cyclone 2 via the first feed pump a for pre-classification; Ground, the floating coal slime is classified according to 0.125mm in the classification cyclone 2, that is, the classification accuracy of the classification cyclone 2 is ⁇ 0.125mm, the particle size in the overflow of the classification cyclone is -0.125mm, and the particle size in the underflow It is +0.125mm.
  • Step 2 After the classification of coal slime in the classification cyclone 2 is completed, the overflow in the classification cyclone 2 is supplied to the flotation column 4 by the second feed pump b for flotation. After the flotation is completed, the flotation tailings are discharged through the bottom outflow port of the flotation column 4, and the flotation concentrate is collected through the overflow port of the flotation column 4 and supplied to the bubble generator 5 by the fourth feed pump d. The concentrate is fed through the bubble generator 5 from the bottom of the hydraulic flotation machine.
  • fine coal slime smaller than 0.125mm is fed into the flotation column 4 for priority flotation, the flotation tailings are discharged through the underflow port of the flotation column 4, and the flotation concentrate is collected through the overflow port of the flotation column 4 And the fourth feed pump d is fed into the bubble generator 5, so that the high-ash fine mud in the fine particles is discharged in advance, and the problem of fine mud entrainment in the subsequent flotation process is reduced.
  • Step 3 After the classification of coal slime in the classification cyclone 2 is completed, the bottom flow in the classification cyclone 2 is supplied to the hydraulic flotation machine 3 through the third feed pump c for flotation recovery. Specifically, after the grading cyclone 2 is classified according to 0.125mm, the coarse particle slime larger than 0.125mm is sorted in the foam layer in the hydraulic flotation machine 3. The surface of the clean coal particles in the coarse particle slime is hydrophobic. After colliding with the bubbles in the foam layer, it adheres to the bubbles and stays in the foam layer as a concentrate product, which is finally collected by the overflow of the hydraulic flotation machine 3. The surface of the gangue particles in the coarse coal slime has poor hydrophobicity. The layer does not adhere to the bubbles, and falls into the underflow as tailings, and is finally discharged from the underflow port of the hydraulic flotation machine 3.
  • step 2 of this embodiment in view of the slurry conditions, when the flotation concentrate passes through the bubble generator 5, a certain amount of collector and foaming agent is added to serve as the rising water flow of the hydraulic flotation machine 3 and supplied to the hydraulic flotation
  • the machine 3 forms a stable foam layer with a certain depth.
  • the foaming agent is pine oil, cresol oil, terpineol (No. 2 flotation oil), methyl isobutyl carbinol, methyl pentanol, triethyl benzene 1-oxane (No.
  • the collector is one or two combinations of kerosene and diesel.
  • the flotation concentrate is fed from the bottom of the hydraulic flotation machine 3 through the bubble generator 5, and a stable foam layer with a certain depth is formed in the hydraulic flotation machine 3. On the one hand, it provides a prerequisite for the separation of coarse particles On the other hand, it has also achieved the secondary enrichment of fine-particle concentrate products.
  • step 2 of this embodiment the coarse slime underflow supplied by the grading cyclone 2 is sorted in the foam layer of the hydraulic flotation machine 3, and the flotation concentrate is collected by the overflow of the hydraulic flotation machine 3.
  • the flotation tailings are discharged from the underflow port of the hydraulic flotation machine 3.
  • the slime is classified by a grading cyclone, and the floating slime is mixed with water and mixed, and then pre-classified by 0.125 mm by the grading cyclone and matched with a flotation column 4
  • a flotation column 4 Used in conjunction with hydraulic flotation machine 3, fine particles are separated by flotation column, coarse particles are separated by hydraulic flotation machine 3, and the concentrate after separation by flotation column 4 is used as the fluidized water of hydraulic flotation machine 3.
  • a stable foam layer is formed in the hydraulic flotation machine 3.
  • the flotation column 4 and the hydraulic flotation machine 3 are used in concert to complement each other, providing conditions for the flotation of coarse particles, exerting the foam stabilization performance of fine particles, and saving the cost of chemicals.
  • fine-grained coal slime adopts the flotation column 4 priority flotation idea, which removes the high-ash fine sludge contained in the fine particles and enhances the selectivity of fine-particle slime.
  • the flotation concentrate obtained by the flotation column 4 The ore passes through the bubble generator to form a stable foam layer in the hydraulic flotation machine to optimize the coarse-grain flotation; +0.125mm coarse-grain coal slime is flotated by the hydraulic flotation machine 3 with strong recovery ability, by reducing the turbulence of the slurry , Combined with the stable foam layer formed by fine particle slime, reduces the probability of desorption during the coarse particle flotation process, and enhances the recovery capacity of coarse particle slime.
  • the wide particle size flotation process of the present invention expands the processing range of the traditional flotation process, realizes the high-efficiency flotation recovery of fine particles (less than 0.125mm) and coarse particles (0.125-1mm), and effectively improves coal
  • the wide particle size flotation process of the present invention has simple process, low cost, low energy consumption and no harm to the environment.
  • a specific embodiment of the present invention discloses the wide-particle-level flotation system used in the wide-particle-level flotation process in the first embodiment.
  • a stirrer 1 a grading cyclone is provided along the separation pipeline.
  • Flotation device 2 and flotation device.
  • a first feed pump a is provided between the agitator 1 and the classification cyclone 2.
  • the flotation device includes a hydraulic flotation machine 3 and a flotation column 4; the top of the classification cyclone 2 There is an upper discharge port, which is connected with the flotation column 4, and a second feed pump b is provided between the upper discharge port and the flotation column 4; the bottom of the classifying cyclone 2 is provided with a lower discharge
  • the lower discharge port is connected to the hydraulic flotation machine 3, and a third feed pump c is provided between the lower discharge port and the hydraulic flotation machine 3.
  • the flotation column 4 is provided with an underflow port for discharging flotation tailings and an overflow port for collecting flotation concentrate; the overflow port is connected with the hydraulic flotation machine 3, and the overflow port is provided with the hydraulic flotation machine 3
  • the bubble generator 5 and the fourth feed pump d for supplying the flotation concentrate to the bubble generator 5.
  • the flotation column 4 is used to preferentially flotate fine-particle slime, and the high-ash fine mud is discharged in advance, which effectively solves the problem of fine mud entrainment in the subsequent flotation process and enhances the flotation selectivity.
  • the concentrate selected by the flotation column 4 is used as the fluidized water of the hydraulic flotation machine.
  • a stable foam layer is formed in the hydraulic flotation machine 3, which saves the cost of reagents and is beneficial to improve
  • the recovery rate of coarse particles is also conducive to the realization of the secondary enrichment of fine particle flotation concentrate and the improvement of the flotation effect of fine particles.
  • the flotation recovery of coarse particles of slime is carried out with the help of the mild flow field environment inside the hydraulic flotation machine 3 and the stable foam layer, which reduces the probability of desorption of coarse particles and improves the flotation recovery rate.
  • the wide-grain flotation system is also provided with a feeding device, and the feeding device is the agitator 1 to feed the slime to be floated.
  • the lower part of the hydraulic flotation machine 3 has a cone structure, and the bubble generator 5 is connected to the upper part of the cone structure.
  • the top of the flotation column 4 is connected with a flushing water pipe.
  • the feeding device feeds the slime to be floated into the agitator 1, the agitated slime to be floated is fed into the grading cyclone 2, and the floated slime is 0.125mm in the grading cyclone 2.
  • fine-particle slime less than 0.125mm is fed into flotation column 3 for priority flotation, flotation tailings are discharged through the underflow port of flotation column 4, and the flotation concentrate is collected through the overflow port of flotation column 4 and
  • the fourth feed pump d feeds into the bubble generator 5, so that the high-ash fine mud in the fine particles is discharged in advance, and the problem of fine mud entrainment in the subsequent flotation process is reduced.
  • the flotation concentrate passes through the bubble generator 5, a certain amount of collector and foaming agent is added, as the rising water flow of the hydraulic flotation machine 3, is supplied to the hydraulic flotation machine 3 to form a certain depth of stable foam Floor.
  • the coarse particle slime larger than 0.125mm is fed into the hydraulic flotation machine 3 for flotation recovery.
  • the coarse particle coal slime larger than 0.125mm supplied by the grading cyclone 2 is sorted in the foam layer of the hydraulic flotation machine 3.
  • the final flotation concentrate is collected by the overflow of the hydraulic flotation machine 3.
  • the tailings are discharged from the underflow port of the hydraulic flotation machine 3.
  • the flotation system of this embodiment uses the mild flow field environment inside the hydraulic flotation machine 3 and the stable foam layer to flotate and recover coarse particles of coal slime, which reduces the probability of desorption of coarse particles and improves the flotation recovery rate. .
  • the wide particle class flotation system pre-classifies the slime by setting the classifying cyclone 2, the fine particles are separated by the flotation column 4, and the coarse particles are separated by the hydraulic flotation machine. 3 sorting, which improves the particle size distribution of the flotation column 4 and the hydraulic flotation machine 3, which is more conducive to the working performance of each equipment.
  • the selective flotation column 4 and the hydraulic flotation with strong recovery capacity are adopted.
  • Machine 3 is used in coordination, and the advantages of the two equipments complement each other, which greatly optimizes the flotation process. Flotation is carried out by using the wide particle-level flotation system provided in this embodiment.
  • the concentrate separated by the flotation column 4 is used as the fluidized water of the hydraulic flotation machine 3 to form a stable foam layer in the hydraulic flotation machine 3. It provides conditions for the flotation of coarse particles, exerts the foam stabilization performance of fine particles, saves the cost of reagents, and is also conducive to the secondary enrichment of fine particle flotation concentrates, improves the flotation effect, and expands the processing limit of traditional flotation technology.
  • the high efficiency flotation recovery of fine particles (less than 0.125mm) and coarse particles (0.125-1mm) is achieved.
  • the wide particle class flotation system of the present invention has simple structure, low energy consumption, is green and environmentally friendly, and has wide application prospects.

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Abstract

一种宽粒级浮选系统及工艺，属于煤炭洗选脱灰技术领域，解决了现有宽粒级浮选工艺复杂、高成本、高能耗、对环境造成危害的问题。宽粒级浮选系统和工艺包括：将待浮选煤泥供入搅拌器（1）内，入浮煤泥在搅拌器（1）内加水搅拌混合均匀后，经第一给料泵（a）供入分级旋流器（2）进行预先分级；煤泥在分级旋流器（2）中分级完成后，分级旋流器（2）中的溢流由第二给料泵（b）供入浮选柱（4）进行浮选，浮选尾矿经浮选柱（4）的底流口排出，浮选精矿经浮选柱（4）的溢流口收集并由第四给料泵（d）供入气泡发生器（5），浮选精矿经气泡发生器（5），从水力浮选机（3）的底部供入；分级旋流器（2）中的底流经第三给料泵（c）供入水力浮选机（3）进行浮选回收。浮选工艺简单、节能环保，浮选系统结构简单、成本低。

Description

一种宽粒级浮选系统及工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及煤炭洗选脱灰技术领域，尤其涉及一种宽粒级浮选系统及工艺。
背景技术
我国是一个多煤、少油、贫气的国家，煤炭凭借着自身丰富、可靠、经济的特点，在未来的经济发展中，仍将作为我国能源的主体不可动摇。随着可持续发展的深入，国家和人民越来越重视能源使用过程中对环境的保护，越来越推崇使用清洁能源。同时作为世界第一大能源消费国，伴随能源生产和消费的快速增长，环境污染问和能源安全问题也不断凸显。而针对这种局面，煤炭的清洁高效利用便是解决问题的关键。但随着我国采煤机械化水平的快速提高、重介质选煤技术的广泛应用、煤炭资源条件的不断恶化，选煤厂在洗选加工过程中会产生大量煤泥，加重选煤过程负担。
传统的煤泥浮选工艺的处理能力小，颗粒的选择回收范围窄。0.125mm以下细颗粒随水性强、细泥夹带现象严重、选择性差，0.25mm以上粗颗粒易于气泡发生脱附、回收率低，宽粒级浮选难以实现。
面对日益增多的煤泥量和处理能力有限的传统浮选工艺之间的矛盾，开发一种适应性广、处理能力强的宽粒级浮选工艺已成为煤炭资源高效清洁利用过程的关键解决办法。该工艺通过借助浮选柱对细煤泥的选择性分选和水力浮选机的对粗颗粒的高效回收，从而实现煤泥的宽粒级入浮。
发明内容
鉴于上述的分析，本发明旨在提供一种宽粒级浮选系统及工艺，用以解决现有宽粒级浮选工艺复杂、高成本、高能耗、对环境造成危害的问题。
本发明的目的主要是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一方面，提供一种宽粒级浮选工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将待浮选煤泥供入搅拌器内，入浮煤泥在搅拌器内加水搅拌混合均匀后，经第一给料泵供入分级旋流器进行预先分级；
步骤二：煤泥在分级旋流器中分级完成后，分级旋流器中的溢流由第二给料泵供入浮选柱进行浮选，浮选尾矿经浮选柱的底流口排出，浮选精矿经浮选柱的溢流口收集并由第四给料泵供入气泡发生器，浮选精矿经气泡发生器，从水力浮选机的底部供入；
步骤三：煤泥在分级旋流器中分级完成后，分级旋流器中的底流经第三给料泵供入水力浮选机进行浮选回收。
进一步地，步骤二中，浮选精矿在通过气泡发生器时，加入一定量的捕收剂与起泡剂，作为水力浮选机的上升水流供入水力浮选机形成泡沫层。
进一步地，步骤三中，分级旋流器供入的粗煤泥底流在水力浮选机中的泡沫层进行分选，浮选精矿由水力浮选机的溢流口收集，浮选尾矿由水力浮选机的底流口排出。
进一步地，分级旋流器的分级精度为±0.125mm，分级旋流器溢流中颗粒粒度为-0.125mm，底流中颗粒粒度为﹢0.125mm。
进一步地，起泡剂为松油、甲酚油、松油醇(2号浮选油)、甲基异丁基甲醇、甲基戊醇、三乙墓1一烷(4号浮选油)、烷基苯磺酸钠、烷基硫酸钠、聚乙二醇醚、聚内一醇醚中的一种或多种组合；捕收剂为煤油、柴油中的一种或两种组合。
另一方面，提供一种上述宽粒级浮选工艺中使用的宽粒级浮选系统，沿分选管路上设有搅拌器、分级旋流器和浮选装置，搅拌器与分级旋流器之间设有第一给料泵，浮选装置包括水力浮选机和浮选柱；分级旋流器的顶部设有上出料口，上出料口与浮选柱连接，上出料口与浮选柱之间设有第二给料泵；分级旋流器的底部设有下出料口，下出料口与水力浮选机连接，下出料口与水力浮选机之间设有第三给料泵。
进一步地，浮选柱设有能够排出浮选尾矿的底流口和收集浮选精矿的溢流口；溢流口与水力浮选机连接，溢流口与水力浮选机之间设有气泡发生器以及用于将浮选精矿供入气泡发生器的第四给料泵。
进一步地，还设有供料装置，供料装置为搅拌器供入待浮选煤泥。
进一步地，水力浮选机的下部为锥形结构，气泡发生器与锥形结构的上部连接。
进一步地，浮选柱的顶部连接有冲洗水管道。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有如下有益效果之一：
a)本发明提供的宽粒级浮选工艺，通过分级旋流器的预先分级，细颗粒采用浮选柱分选，粗颗粒采用水力浮选机分选，浮选柱分选后的精矿作为水力浮选机的流化水，在水力浮选机中形成稳定的泡沫层，浮选柱和水力浮选机协同使用，优势互补，更有利于发挥各个设备的工作性能，为粗颗粒浮选提供条件，发挥细颗粒的稳泡性能，节约药剂成本，也有利于细颗粒浮选精矿的二次富集，提高浮选效果，优化了浮选流程，扩大了传统浮选工艺处理界限，实现了对微细颗粒(小于0.125mm)与粗颗粒(0.125～1mm)的高效浮选回收，工艺简单、低成本、低能耗、不对环境造成危害。
b)本发明提供的宽粒级浮选系统，设置有能够对煤泥进行预先分级的分级旋流器，分级旋流器分别与浮选柱和水力浮选机连接，采用选择性好的浮选柱和回收能力强的水力浮选机协同使用，使两种设备优势互补。本发明的宽粒级浮选系统结构简单，浮选效果好、能耗低、绿色环保，扩大了传统浮选工艺处理界限，实现了对微细颗粒(小于0.125mm)与粗颗粒(0.125-1mm)的高效浮选回收，具有广泛的应用前景。
本发明中，上述各技术方案之间还可以相互组合，以实现更多的优选组合方案。本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分优点可从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的内容中来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图仅用于示出具体实施例的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制，在整个附图中，相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。
图1为实施例一中分选工艺流程框图；
图2为实施例二中分选设备结构示意图。
附图标记：
1-搅拌器；2-分级旋流器；3-水力浮选机；4-浮选柱；5-气泡发生器；a-第一给料泵；b-第二给料泵；c-第三给料泵；d-第四给料泵。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图来具体描述本发明的优选实施例，其中，附图构成本申请一部分，并与本发明的实施例一起用于阐释本发明的原理，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例一
本发明的一个具体实施例，如图1所示，公开了一种宽粒级浮选工艺，包括如下步骤：
步骤一：将待浮选煤泥供入搅拌器1内，入浮煤泥在搅拌器1内加水搅拌混合均匀后，经第一给料泵a供入分级旋流器2进行预先分级；优选地，入浮煤泥在分级旋流器2中按照0.125mm分级，即分级旋流器2的分级精度为±0.125mm，分级旋流器溢流中颗粒粒度为-0.125mm，底流中颗粒粒度为﹢0.125mm。
步骤二：煤泥在分级旋流器2中分级完成后，分级旋流器2中的溢流由第二给料泵b供入浮选柱4进行浮选。浮选完成后，浮选尾矿经浮选柱4的底流口排出，浮选精矿经浮选柱4的溢流口收集并由第四给料泵d供入气泡发生器5，浮选精矿经气泡发生器5，从水力浮选机的底部供入。具体的，小于0.125mm的细颗粒煤泥供入浮选柱4进行优先浮选，浮选尾矿经浮选柱4的底流口排出，浮选精矿经浮选柱4的溢流口收集并由第四给料泵d供入气泡发生器5，从而实现预先把细颗粒中的高灰细泥排出，减少后续浮选过程的细泥夹带问题。
步骤三：煤泥在分级旋流器2中分级完成后，分级旋流器2中的底流经第三给料泵c供入水力浮选机3进行浮选回收。具体的，经分级旋流器2按照0.125mm分级后，大于0.125mm的粗颗粒煤泥在水力浮选机3中的泡沫层进行分选，粗颗粒煤泥中精煤颗粒表面疏水性好，在泡沫层中与气泡碰撞接 触后与气泡发生黏附，停留在泡沫层作为精矿产品，最终由水力浮选机3的溢流口收集，粗颗粒煤泥中矸石颗粒表面疏水性差，在通过泡沫层时不与气泡发生黏附，作为尾矿落入底流中，最终由水力浮选机3的底流口排出。
本实施例的步骤二中，针对矿浆条件，浮选精矿在通过气泡发生器5时，加入一定量的捕收剂与起泡剂，作为水力浮选机3的上升水流供入水力浮选机3形成一定深度稳定的泡沫层。优选地，起泡剂为松油、甲酚油、松油醇(2号浮选油)、甲基异丁基甲醇、甲基戊醇、三乙墓1一烷(4号浮选油)、烷基苯磺酸钠、烷基硫酸钠、聚乙二醇醚、聚内一醇醚中的一种或多种组合；捕收剂为煤油、柴油中的一种或两种组合。该步骤中，浮选精矿经气泡发生器5，从水力浮选机3的底部供入，在水力浮选机3中形成具有一定深度的稳定泡沫层，一方面为粗颗粒分选提供前提，另一方面也实现了对细颗粒精矿产品的二次富集。
本实施例的步骤二中，分级旋流器2供入的粗煤泥底流在水力浮选机3中的泡沫层进行分选，浮选精矿由水力浮选机3的溢流口收集，浮选尾矿由水力浮选机3的底流口排出。
与现有技术相比，本实施例提供的宽粒级浮选工艺，煤泥经分级旋流器分级，入浮煤泥加水搅拌混合后通过分级旋流器预先0.125mm分级，配合浮选柱4和水力浮选机3协同使用，细颗粒采用浮选柱分选，粗颗粒采用水力浮选机3分选，浮选柱4分选后的精矿作为水力浮选机3的流化水，在水力浮选机3中形成稳定的泡沫层，浮选柱4和水力浮选机3协同使用，优势互补，为粗颗粒浮选提供条件，发挥细颗粒的稳泡性能，节约药剂成本，也有利于细颗粒浮选精矿的二次富集，提高浮选效果，优化浮选流程。-0.125mm细粒级煤泥采用浮选柱4优先浮选思路，脱除细颗粒中夹杂的高灰细泥，增强对细颗粒煤泥的选择性，由浮选柱4得到的浮选精矿通过气泡发生器，在水力浮选机的中形成稳定的泡沫层，优化粗粒浮选；+0.125mm粗颗粒煤泥采用回收能力强的水力浮选机3浮选，通过降低矿浆湍流度，结合细颗粒煤泥形成的稳定泡沫层，降低粗颗粒浮选过程中脱附概率，增强对粗颗粒煤泥的回收能力。综上，本发明的宽粒级浮选工艺扩大了传统浮选工艺的处理范围，实现了对微细颗粒(小于0.125mm)与粗颗粒(0.125～1mm)的高效浮选回收，有效改善了煤泥浮选过程中细泥夹带与粗颗粒脱附等问题，本发明的宽粒级浮选工艺，工艺简单、低成本、低能耗、不对环境造成危害。
实施例二
本发明的一个具体实施例，如图2所示，公开了实施例一中的宽粒级浮选工艺中使用的宽粒级浮选系统，沿分选管路上设有搅拌器1、分级旋流器2和浮选装置，搅拌器1与分级旋流器2之间设有第一给料泵a，浮选装置包括水力浮选机3和浮选柱4；分级旋流器2的顶部设有上出料口，上出料口与浮选柱4连接，上出料口与浮选柱4之间设有第二给料泵b；分级旋流器2的底部设有下出料口，下出料口与水力浮选机3连接，下出料口与水力浮选机3之间设有第三给料泵c。浮选柱4设有能够 排出浮选尾矿的底流口和收集浮选精矿的溢流口；溢流口与水力浮选机3连接，溢流口与水力浮选机3之间设有气泡发生器5以及用于将浮选精矿供入气泡发生器5的第四给料泵d。采用浮选柱4对细颗粒煤泥优先浮选，把高灰细泥预先排出，有效解决了后续浮选过程的细泥夹带问题，增强浮选选择性。浮选柱4选出的精矿又作为水力浮选机的流化水，借助细颗粒的稳泡效果，在水力浮选机3形成稳定性较强的泡沫层，节约药剂成本，有利于提高粗颗粒的回收率，也有利于实现细颗粒浮选精矿的二次富集，提高细颗粒的浮选效果。另外，借助水力浮选机3内部温和的流场环境和稳定的泡沫层对粗颗粒煤泥进行浮选回收，减少了粗颗粒的脱附概率，提高了浮选回收率。
本实施例中，宽粒级浮选系统还设有供料装置，供料装置为搅拌器1供入待浮选煤泥。水力浮选机3的下部为锥形结构，气泡发生器5与锥形结构的上部连接。浮选柱4的顶部连接有冲洗水管道。
实施时，供料装置将待浮选煤泥供入搅拌器1中，搅拌后的待浮选煤泥供入分级旋流器2中，入浮煤泥在分级旋流器2中按照0.125mm分级，小于0.125mm的细颗粒煤泥供入浮选柱3进行优先浮选，浮选尾矿经浮选柱4的底流口排出，浮选精矿经浮选柱4的溢流口收集并由第四给料泵d供入气泡发生器5，从而实现预先把细颗粒中的高灰细泥排出，减少后续浮选过程的细泥夹带问题。针对矿浆条件，浮选精矿在通过气泡发生器5时，加入一定量的捕收剂与起泡剂，作为水力浮选机3的上升水流供入水力浮选机3形成一定深度稳定的泡沫层。经分级旋流器2按照0.125mm分级后，大于0.125mm的粗颗粒煤泥供入水力浮选机3进行浮选回收。分级旋流器2供入的大于0.125mm的粗颗粒煤泥在水力浮选机3中的泡沫层进行分选，最终的浮选精矿由水力浮选机3的溢流口收集，浮选尾矿由水力浮选机3的底流口排出。本实施例的浮选系统，借助水力浮选机3内部温和的流场环境和稳定的泡沫层对粗颗粒煤泥进行浮选回收，减少了粗颗粒的脱附概率，提高了浮选回收率.
与现有技术相比，本实施例提供的宽粒级浮选系统，通过设置分级旋流器2对煤泥进行预先分级，细颗粒采用浮选柱4分选，粗颗粒采用水力浮选机3分选，改善了浮选柱4和水力浮选机3的入料粒度分布，更有利于发挥各个设备的工作性能，同时采用选择性好的浮选柱4和回收能力强的水力浮选机3协同使用，两种设备优势互补，大限度的优化了浮选流程。利用本实施例提供的宽粒级浮选系统进行浮选，浮选柱4分选后的精矿作为水力浮选机3的流化水，在水力浮选机3中形成稳定的泡沫层，为粗颗粒浮选提供条件，发挥细颗粒的稳泡性能，节约药剂成本，也有利于细颗粒浮选精矿的二次富集，提高浮选效果，扩大了传统浮选工艺处理界限，实现了对微细颗粒(小于0.125mm)与粗颗粒(0.125-1mm)的高效浮选回收。本发明的宽粒级浮选系统结构简单，能耗低、绿色环保，具有广泛的应用前景。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种宽粒级浮选工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    步骤一：将待浮选煤泥供入搅拌器(1)内，入浮煤泥在所述搅拌器(1)内加水搅拌混合均匀后，经第一给料泵(a)供入分级旋流器(2)进行预先分级；
    步骤二：煤泥在分级旋流器(2)中分级完成后，分级旋流器(2)中的溢流由第二给料泵(b)供入浮选柱(4)进行浮选，浮选尾矿经浮选柱(4)的底流口排出，浮选精矿经浮选柱(4)的溢流口收集并由第四给料泵(d)供入气泡发生器(5)，浮选精矿经气泡发生器(5)，从水力浮选机(3)的底部供入；
    步骤三：煤泥在分级旋流器(2)中分级完成后，分级旋流器(2)中的底流经第三给料泵(c)供入水力浮选机(3)进行浮选回收。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的宽粒级浮选工艺，其特征在于，步骤二中，浮选精矿在通过所述气泡发生器(5)时，加入一定量的捕收剂与起泡剂，作为所述水力浮选机(3)的上升水流供入所述水力浮选机(3)形成泡沫层。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的宽粒级浮选工艺，其特征在于，步骤三中，所述分级旋流器(2)供入的粗煤泥底流在所述水力浮选机(3)中的泡沫层进行分选，浮选精矿由所述水力浮选机(3)的溢流口收集，浮选尾矿由所述水力浮选机(3)的底流口排出。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的宽粒级浮选工艺，其特征在于，所述分级旋流器(2)的分级精度为±0.125mm，分级旋流器溢流中颗粒粒度为-0.125mm，底流中颗粒粒度为﹢0.125mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的宽粒级浮选工艺，其特征在于，所述起泡剂为松油、甲酚油、松油醇(2号浮选油)、甲基异丁基甲醇、甲基戊醇、三乙墓1一烷(4号浮选油)、烷基苯磺酸钠、烷基硫酸钠、聚乙二醇醚、聚内一醇醚中的一种或多种组合；所述捕收剂为煤油、柴油中的一种或两种组合。
  6. 一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述的宽粒级浮选工艺中使用的宽粒级浮选系统，其特征在于，沿分选管路上设有搅拌器(1)、分级旋流器(2)和浮选装置，所述搅拌器(1)与所述分级旋流器(2)之间设有第一给料泵(a)，所述浮选装置包括水力浮选机(3)和浮选柱(4)；所述分级旋流器(2)的顶部设有上出料口，所述上出料口与浮选柱(4)连接，所述上出料口与浮选柱(4)之间设有第二给料泵(b)；所述分级旋流器(2)的底部设有下出料口，所述下出料口与水力浮选机(3)连接，所述下出料口与水力浮选机(3)之间设有第三给料泵(c)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的宽粒级浮选系统，其特征在于，所述浮选柱(4)设有能够排出浮选尾矿的底流口和收集浮选精矿的溢流口；所述溢流口与水力浮选机(3)连接，所述溢流口与水力浮选机(3)之间设有气泡发生器(5)以及用于将浮选精矿供入所述气泡发生器(5)的第四给料泵(d)。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的宽粒级浮选系统，其特征在于，还设有供料装置，所述供料装置为所述搅拌器(1)供入待浮选煤泥。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的宽粒级浮选系统，其特征在于，所述水力浮选机(3)的下部为锥形结构，所述气泡发生器(5)与所述锥形结构的上部连接。
  10. 根据权利要求6-9所述的宽粒级浮选系统，其特征在于，所述浮选柱(4)的顶部连接有冲洗水管道。
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