WO2020173090A1 - 一种防冻热交换器及热水器 - Google Patents

一种防冻热交换器及热水器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020173090A1
WO2020173090A1 PCT/CN2019/108712 CN2019108712W WO2020173090A1 WO 2020173090 A1 WO2020173090 A1 WO 2020173090A1 CN 2019108712 W CN2019108712 W CN 2019108712W WO 2020173090 A1 WO2020173090 A1 WO 2020173090A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antifreeze
heat exchanger
water exchange
exchange pipe
water
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PCT/CN2019/108712
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡勇
何雨涛
王志昂
李忠堂
瞿福元
Original Assignee
珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020173090A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020173090A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/136—Defrosting or de-icing; Preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/70—Preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/156—Reducing the quantity of energy consumed; Increasing efficiency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of heat exchangers, in particular to an antifreeze heat exchanger and a water heater.
  • At least one embodiment of the present application provides an antifreeze heat exchanger and a water heater.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an antifreeze heat exchanger, including: a heat exchanger body and a water exchange pipe communicating with the heat exchanger body;
  • An antifreeze pipe wall arranged on the surface of the water exchange pipe, and an antifreeze cavity is formed between the antifreeze pipe wall and the water exchange pipe;
  • Antifreeze provided in the antifreeze cavity
  • the antifreeze heat exchanger further includes:
  • a temperature detection device arranged on the surface of the water exchange pipe
  • a heating device control device connected to the temperature detection device and the heating device respectively.
  • the antifreeze pipe wall is arranged outside the pipe wall of the water exchange pipe and is connected to the pipe wall of the water exchange pipe.
  • the antifreeze cavity is formed.
  • a liquid inlet hole and a liquid outlet hole are provided on the wall of the antifreeze tube;
  • the liquid inlet hole and the liquid outlet hole are both provided with a sealing device that cooperates with the antifreeze pipe wall to block the liquid inlet hole and the liquid outlet hole.
  • the antifreeze pipe wall is arranged inside the pipe wall of the water exchange pipe and is connected to the pipe wall of the water exchange pipe.
  • the antifreeze cavity is formed.
  • a liquid inlet hole and a liquid outlet hole are provided on the water exchange pipe;
  • Both the liquid inlet hole and the liquid outlet hole are provided with a sealing device that cooperates with the water exchange pipe to block the liquid inlet hole and the liquid outlet hole.
  • the temperature detection device is a thermocouple sensor.
  • the heating device is a heating wire.
  • the antifreeze pipe wall is The distance between the water exchange pipes is 4 mm.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a water heater, including the antifreeze heat exchanger of any of the embodiments in the first aspect.
  • the embodiment of the present application adopts the antifreeze pipe wall provided on the surface of the water exchange pipe of the heat exchanger to form an antifreeze cavity, and the antifreeze and heating are arranged in the antifreeze cavity.
  • the device heats the antifreeze liquid through the heating device, and the antifreeze liquid heats or heats the water exchange pipe to avoid water freezing in the water exchange pipe caused by the overcooling of the heat exchanger and blocking the pipe, making the water heater unable to operate normally .
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antifreeze heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antifreeze heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of an antifreeze heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • 1 heat exchanger body; 2: temperature detection device; 3: wire; 4: heating device control device; 5: water inlet connector; 6: water outlet connector; 7: liquid outlet; 8: water exchange pipe; 9: Liquid inlet; 10: Antifreeze pipe wall; 11: Antifreeze liquid; 12: Heating device.
  • an antifreeze heat exchanger provided by an embodiment of the present application includes: a heat exchanger body 1 and a water exchange pipe 8 communicating with the heat exchanger body 1.
  • the heat exchanger is used to treat cold water Heating is performed to obtain hot water, while the inlet pipe in the water exchange pipe 8 enters cold water, and the outlet pipe outputs hot water, such as the heat exchanger in the gas water heater, the heat exchanger in the solar water heater is a solar tube, and the air water heater
  • the heat exchanger in is the compressor and the supporting evaporator and condenser.
  • the antifreeze heat exchanger further includes: a water inlet connector 5 and a water outlet connector 6 connected to the water exchange pipe 8
  • the antifreeze heat exchanger includes: an antifreeze pipe wall 10 arranged on the surface of the water exchange pipe 8, an antifreeze cavity is formed between the antifreeze pipe wall 10 and the water exchange pipe 8, and an antifreeze pipe wall is arranged on the surface of the water exchange pipe 8.
  • the antifreeze cavity is formed between 10 and the water exchange pipe 8.
  • the antifreeze 11 is installed in the antifreeze cavity, and the heating device 12 is installed in the antifreeze cavity.
  • the performance of the antifreeze 11 is mainly reflected in that the freezing point of water is 0°C, which is generally common Type antifreeze 11 can reach -40°C, and high-quality antifreeze 11 can reach -60°C.
  • the antifreeze 11 can be a glycol water-based antifreeze 11, which is mainly composed of ethylene glycol. Because the most significant feature of ethylene glycol is antifreeze, secondly, glycol has high boiling point, low volatility, moderate viscosity, small change with temperature, and good thermal stability, so the antifreeze 11 in the antifreeze cavity can always be kept in a liquid state.
  • the antifreeze 11 is heated by the heating device 12 in the antifreeze cavity, so that the temperature of the antifreeze 11 rises and the water temperature in the water exchange pipe 8 rises or the ice melts, so as to prevent the water exchange pipe 8 from freezing and making the water heater unusable.
  • the heating efficiency of the water heater for water temperature can be improved, and the heat energy generated by the heating device 12 will not be wasted.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an antifreeze heat exchanger.
  • the antifreeze heat exchanger also includes: a temperature set on the surface of the water exchange pipe 8 Detection device 2; heating device 12 control device 4 connected to temperature detection device 2 and heating device 12 respectively, temperature detection device 2 is set on the surface of water exchange pipe 8, real-time detection of the temperature on the surface of water exchange pipe 8, controlled by heating device 12
  • the device 4 controls the heating device 12 to heat according to the temperature detected by the temperature detection device 2 to reduce heat energy waste. For example, when the temperature detected by the temperature detection device 2 is less than or equal to 5°C, the heating device 12 control device 4 controls the heating device 12 Heating is performed.
  • the heating device 12 and the control device 4 can be two comparators, the negative electrode of the first comparator The input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the temperature detection device 2, and the positive input terminal is connected to the voltage terminal of the first preset threshold. When the voltage output from the output terminal of the temperature detection device 2 is less than the voltage of the first preset threshold, the comparator outputs a high voltage.
  • the processor receives the high-level control heating device 12 to heat, for example, the control switch of the heating device 12 is a relay, and the heating device 12 is turned on by turning on the relay Work; the positive input terminal of the second comparator is connected to the output terminal of the temperature detection device 2, and the negative input terminal is connected to the voltage terminal of the second preset threshold.
  • the comparator When the output voltage of the temperature detection device 2 is greater than the voltage of the second preset threshold
  • the comparator outputs a high level
  • the high level pulse is input to another pin of the processor, and the processor receives the high level to control the heating device 12 to turn off.
  • the control switch of the heating device 12 is a relay, and the relay is turned off.
  • the heating device 12 is turned off; the heating device 12 control device 4 can also be two comparators and a bistable trigger, which is a logic unit circuit with a memory function, which can store a binary code. It has two stable working states. When triggered by an external signal, the circuit can switch from one stable working state to another stable working state.
  • the first comparator is the same as in the above scheme.
  • the output terminal is connected with the input terminal of the bistable trigger to switch the working state of the bistable trigger, for example, to control the heating device 12 to switch from off to on.
  • the second comparator is the same as in the above scheme, and the output is
  • the bistable trigger input terminal is connected to switch the working state of the bistable trigger, for example, to control the heating device 12 to switch from on to off; among them, the bistable trigger can also be replaced with a D trigger. It is an information storage device with memory function and two stable states. It is the most basic logic unit constituting a variety of sequential circuits and an important unit circuit in digital logic circuits.
  • the temperature detection device 2 is a thermocouple sensor, and the thermocouple sensor outputs a voltage value according to the detected temperature.
  • a comparator can be effectively used in conjunction with a resistance temperature sensor.
  • the heating device 12 is a heating wire. Since the antifreeze cavity is an interlayer formed by the antifreeze pipe wall 10 and the water exchange pipe 8, the heating wire can be arranged around the antifreeze cavity to improve the heating device 12’s resistance to the antifreeze 11 Heating efficiency.
  • the antifreeze heat exchanger provided by the embodiment of the present application can be controlled by the following control methods, which include:
  • the pipeline temperature is compared with the first preset threshold to determine whether the pipeline temperature is less than or equal to the first preset threshold;
  • This application provides an antifreeze heat exchanger. Compared with the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1, the difference is that the antifreeze pipe wall 10 is arranged outside the pipe wall of the water exchange pipe 8 and forms with the pipe wall of the water exchange pipe 8. In the antifreeze cavity, the antifreeze pipe wall 10 is provided with a liquid inlet 9 and a liquid outlet 7; the liquid inlet 9 and a liquid outlet 7 provided on the water exchange pipe 8 are used to replace the antifreeze 11.
  • the antifreeze 11 itself has an anti-rust function, so it will not corrode the inner wall of the water exchange pipe 8 and can be used safely.
  • both the liquid inlet 9 and the liquid outlet 7 are provided with a sealing device that cooperates with the antifreeze pipe wall 10 to block the liquid inlet 9 and the liquid outlet 7, and the liquid inlet 9 is blocked by the sealing device.
  • the liquid outlet hole 7 is blocked.
  • the sealing device may be a rubber plug.
  • the distance between the antifreeze pipe wall 10 and the water exchange pipe 8 is 4 mm.
  • the distance between the antifreeze pipe wall 10 and the water exchange pipe 8 can be adjusted according to the size of the heat exchanger and the water exchange pipe 8.
  • the amount of antifreeze 11 in the antifreeze cavity needs to be increased accordingly to ensure that the antifreeze 11 can provide the ice in the water exchange pipe 8 Sufficient heat, therefore, the distance between the antifreeze pipe wall 10 and the water exchange pipe 8 can be adjusted according to specific usage scenarios.
  • the 4 mm given in this embodiment is suitable for domestic water heaters and the water exchange pipe 8 in domestic water heaters. There will be no big difference in diameter, and the antifreeze 11 contained in the antifreeze cavity with a pitch of 4 mm can ensure the heating effect of the water exchange pipe 8.
  • This application provides an antifreeze heat exchanger. Compared with the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1, the difference is that the antifreeze pipe wall 10 is arranged inside the pipe wall of the water exchange pipe 8 and forms with the pipe wall of the water exchange pipe 8. Antifreeze cavity; the antifreeze pipe wall 10 is provided with a liquid inlet 9 and a liquid outlet 7; the liquid inlet 9 and a liquid outlet 7 provided on the water exchange pipe 8 are used for the replacement of the antifreeze 11.
  • the antifreeze 11 itself has an anti-rust function, so it will not corrode the inner wall of the water exchange pipe 8 and can be used safely.
  • both the liquid inlet 9 and the liquid outlet 7 are provided with a sealing device that cooperates with the antifreeze pipe wall 10 to block the liquid inlet 9 and the liquid outlet 7, and the liquid inlet 9 is blocked by the sealing device.
  • the liquid outlet hole 7 is blocked.
  • the sealing device may be a rubber plug.
  • the distance between the antifreeze pipe wall 10 and the water exchange pipe 8 is 4 mm.
  • the distance between the antifreeze pipe wall 10 and the water exchange pipe 8 can be adjusted according to the size of the heat exchanger and the water exchange pipe 8.
  • the amount of antifreeze 11 in the antifreeze cavity needs to be increased accordingly to ensure that the antifreeze 11 can provide the ice in the water exchange pipe 8 Sufficient heat, therefore, the distance between the antifreeze pipe wall 10 and the water exchange pipe 8 can be adjusted according to specific usage scenarios.
  • the 4 mm given in this embodiment is suitable for domestic water heaters and the water exchange pipe 8 in domestic water heaters. There will be no big difference in diameter, and the antifreeze 11 contained in the antifreeze cavity with a pitch of 4 mm can ensure the heating effect of the water exchange pipe 8.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a water heater, which includes the antifreeze heat exchanger described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • an antifreeze heat exchanger includes: a heat exchanger body 1 and a water exchange pipe 8 communicating with the heat exchanger body 1.
  • the heat exchanger is used to heat cold water to obtain hot water.
  • the inlet pipe in the water exchange pipe 8 is cold water, and the outlet pipe is hot water, such as the heat exchanger in the gas water heater, the heat exchanger in the solar water heater is a solar tube, and the heat exchanger in the air water heater is Compressor and supporting evaporator and condenser.
  • the antifreeze heat exchanger includes: an antifreeze pipe wall 10 provided on the surface of the water exchange pipe 8, and an antifreeze cavity is formed between the antifreeze pipe wall 10 and the water exchange pipe 8, and the water exchange pipe 8 An antifreeze cavity is formed between the antifreeze pipe wall 10 and the water exchange pipe 8 on the surface.
  • the antifreeze liquid 11 is arranged in the antifreeze cavity, and the heating device 12 is arranged in the antifreeze cavity.
  • the performance of the antifreeze liquid 11 is mainly reflected in: The freezing point of water is 0°C, while the general antifreeze 11 can reach -40°C, and the high-quality antifreeze 11 can reach -60°C.
  • the antifreeze 11 can be a glycol water-based antifreeze 11, which is mainly composed of ethylene glycol. Because the most significant feature of ethylene glycol is antifreeze, secondly, glycol has high boiling point, low volatility, moderate viscosity, small change with temperature, and good thermal stability, so the antifreeze 11 in the antifreeze cavity can always be kept in a liquid state.
  • the antifreeze 11 is heated by the heating device 12 in the antifreeze cavity, so that the temperature of the antifreeze 11 rises and the water temperature in the water exchange pipe 8 rises or the ice melts, so as to prevent the water exchange pipe 8 from freezing and making the water heater unusable.
  • the heating efficiency of the water heater for water temperature can be improved, and the heat energy generated by the heating device 12 will not be wasted.

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Abstract

一种防冻热交换器及热水器，防冻热交换器包括：热交换器本体（1）和与热交换器本体（1）连通的换水管道（8）；在换水管道（8）表面设置防冻管壁（10），防冻管壁（10）与换水管道（8）之间形成防冻腔；防冻腔内设置的防冻液（11）；在防冻腔内设置的加热装置（12）。

Description

一种防冻热交换器及热水器
本申请要求于2019年2月26日提交至中国国家知识产权局、申请号为201910142722.3、发明名称为“一种防冻热交换器及热水器”的专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本申请涉及热交换器技术领域，尤其涉及一种防冻热交换器及热水器。
背景技术
热水器就是指通过各种物理原理，在一定时间内使冷水温度升高变成热水的一种装置。按照原理不同可分为电热水器、燃气热水器、太阳能热水器、磁能热水器、空气能热水器，暖气热水器等。
但是，在北方地区，冬季严寒，不同类型的热水器经常会出现水管被冻裂漏水，或者管内残留水结冰而无法正常出水的情况。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的问题，本申请的至少一个实施例提供了一种防冻热交换器及热水器。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种防冻热交换器，包括：热交换器本体和与所述热交换器本体连通的换水管道；
在所述换水管道表面设置的防冻管壁，所述防冻管壁与所述换水管道之间形成防冻腔；
在所述防冻腔内设置的防冻液；
在所述防冻腔内设置的加热装置。
基于上述技术方案，本申请实施例还可以做出如下改进。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种实施例中，所述防冻热交换器还包括：
设置在所述换水管道表面的温度检测装置；
分别与所述温度检测装置、加热装置连接的加热装置控制装置。
结合第一方面的第一种实施例，在第一方面的第二种实施例中，所述防冻管壁设置在所述换水管道的管壁外侧，并与所述换水管道的管壁形成所述防冻腔。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第三种实施例中，所述防冻管壁上设置有入液孔和出液孔；
所述入液孔和所述出液孔上均设置有与所述防冻管壁配合，将所述入液孔和所述出液孔封堵的密封装置。
结合第一方面的第三种实施例，在第一方面的第四种实施例中，所述防冻管壁设置在所述换水管道的管壁内侧，并与所述换水管道的管壁形成所述防冻腔。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第五种实施例中，所述换水管道上设置有入液孔和出液孔；
所述入液孔和所述出液孔上均设置有与所述换水管道配合，将所述入液孔和所述出液孔封堵的密封装置。
结合第一方面的第一种实施例，在第一方面的第六种实施例中，所述温度检测装置为热电偶传感器。
结合第一方面的第一种实施例，第一方面的第七种实施例中，所述加热装置为加热丝。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一、第二、第三、第四、第五、第六或第七实施例，在第一方面的第八种实施例中，所述防冻管壁与所述换水管道的间距为4毫米。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种热水器，包括第一方面中任一实施例的防冻热交换器。
本申请的上述技术方案与现有技术相比具有如下优点：本申请实施例通过在热交换器的换水管道表面设置的防冻管壁，并形成防冻腔，在防冻腔内设置防冻液和加热装置，通过加热装置加热防冻液，防冻 液对换水管道进行保温或者加热，避免因热交换器所处环境过冷导致的换水管道中出现水结冰堵塞管道，使得热水器无法正常使用的情况。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种防冻热交换器结构示意图；
图2是本申请另一实施例提供的一种防冻热交换器结构示意图；
图3是本申请又一实施例提供的一种防冻热交换器的控制方法流程示意图。
图中：1：热交换器本体；2：温度检测装置；3：导线；4：加热装置控制装置；5：进水接头；6：出水接头；7：出液孔；8：换水管道；9：入液孔；10：防冻管壁；11：防冻液；12：加热装置。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
如图1所示，本申请实施例提供的一种防冻热交换器，防冻热交换器包括：热交换器本体1和与热交换器本体1连通的换水管道8，热交换器用于对冷水进行加热得到热水，而换水管道8中的进水管进的是冷水，出水管道出的是热水，比如燃气热水器中的热交换器，太阳能热水器中的热交换器是太阳能管，空气热水器中的热交换器是压缩机和配套的蒸发器和冷凝器。
在本实施例中，防冻热交换器还包括：与换水管道8连接的进水接头5和出水接头6
在本实施例中，防冻热交换器包括：在换水管道8表面设置的防冻管壁10，防冻管壁10与换水管道8之间形成防冻腔，在换水管道8 表面设置防冻管壁10与换水管道8之间形成防冻腔，在防冻腔内设置的防冻液11，在防冻腔内设置的加热装置12，防冻液11性能主要体现在，水的冰点为0℃，而一般普通型防冻液11能达到-40℃，优质防冻液11能达到-60℃。这与防冻液11的配比有关，一般要求按照比当地最低温度低5℃左右配制，比如，防冻液11可以是乙二醇水基型防冻液11，其成分主要为乙二醇，这是因为乙二醇最显著的特点是防冻，其次，乙二醇沸点高，挥发性小，粘度适中并且随温度变化小，热稳定性好，所以防冻腔内的防冻液11可以一直保持在液态状态，而通过防冻腔内的加热装置12加热防冻液11，使得防冻液11温度升高并与换水管道8内水温升高或冰融化，避免换水管道8结冰，导致热水器无法使用，同时，由于防冻腔内的加热效果，可以起到提高热水器对水温的加热效率的作用，加热装置12所产生的热能也不会因此浪费。
如图2所示，本申请实施例提供了一种防冻热交换器，与图1所示防冻热交换器相比，区别在于，防冻热交换器还包括：设置在换水管道8表面的温度检测装置2；分别与温度检测装置2、加热装置12连接的加热装置12控制装置4，在换水管道8表面设置温度检测装置2，实时检测换水管道8表面的温度，通过加热装置12控制装置4根据温度检测装置2检测到的温度控制加热装置12进行加热，减少热能浪费，比如，当温度检测装置2检测到的温度小于或等于5℃，加热装置12控制装置4就控制加热装置12进行加热，当温度检测装置2检测到的温度大于或等于15℃时，加热就会停止，从而实现智能化控制，加热装置12控制装置4可以是两个比较器，第一个比较器的负极输入端与温度检测装置2输出端连接，正极输入端与第一预设阈值的电压端连接，当温度检测装置2输出端输出的电压小于第一预设阈值的电压时，比较器输出高电平，将该高电平脉冲输入处理器的一个引脚中，处理器接收到高电平控制加热装置12进行加热，比如加热装置12的 控制开关为继电器，通过开启继电器使加热装置12导通进行工作；第二个比较器的正极输入端与温度检测装置2输出端，负极输入端与第二预设阈值的电压端连接，当温度检测装置2输出的电压大于第二预设阈值的电压时，比较器输出高电平，将高电平脉冲输入处理器的另一个引脚中，处理器接收高电平控制加热装置12关闭，比如加热装置12的控制开关为继电器，通过关闭继电器使加热装置12关闭；加热装置12控制装置4还可以是两个比较器和双稳态触发器，是一种具有记忆功能的逻辑单元电路，它能储存一位二进制码。它有两个稳定的工作状态，在外加信号触发下，电路可从一种稳定的工作状态转换到另一种稳定的工作状态，在本实施例中，第一个比较器与上述方案中一致，输出端与双稳态触发器输入端连接，使双稳态触发器的工作状态转换，比如，控制加热装置12从关闭转换到开启，第二个比较器与上述方案中一致，输出端与双稳态触发器输入端连接，使双稳态触发器的工作状态转换，比如，控制加热装置12从开启转换到关闭；其中双稳态触发器还可以使用D触发器进行替换，D触发器是一个具有记忆功能的，具有两个稳定状态的信息存储器件，是构成多种时序电路的最基本逻辑单元，也是数字逻辑电路中一种重要的单元电路。
在本实施例中，温度检测装置2为热电偶传感器，热电偶传感器会根据所检测到的温度输出电压值，可以有效的配合使用比较器，也可以使用电阻式温度传感器。
在本实施例中，加热装置12为加热丝，由于防冻腔是由防冻管壁10与换水管道8形成的夹层，加热丝可以环绕设置在防冻腔内，提高加热装置12对防冻液11的加热效率。
如图3所示，在本实施例中，本申请实施例提供的防冻热交换器可通过如下控制方法进行控制，控制方法包括：
S1、获取防冻热交换器的换水管道8的管道温度；
S2、将管道温度与第一预设阈值进行比较，判断管道温度是否小 于或等于第一预设阈值；
S3、若是，对防冻管壁10与换水管道8之间形成防冻腔内的防冻液11进行加热；
S4、将防冻液11加热后的管道温度与第二预设阈值进行比较，判断管道温度是否大于或等于第二预设阈值；
S5、若管道温度小于第二预设阈值，对防冻管壁10与换水管道8之间形成防冻腔内的防冻液11进行加热；或者，若管道温度大于或等于第二预设阈值，停止对防冻管壁10与换水管道8之间形成防冻腔内的防冻液11进行加热。
本申请提供了一种防冻热交换器，与图1所示热交换器相比，区别在于，防冻管壁10设置在换水管道8的管壁外侧，并与换水管道8的管壁形成防冻腔，防冻管壁10上设置有入液孔9和出液孔7；换水管道8上设置的入液孔9和出液孔7用于对防冻液11的更换。防冻液11本身具有防锈功能，所以不会对换水管道8内壁产生腐蚀作用，可安全使用。
在本实施例中，入液孔9和出液孔7上均设置有与防冻管壁10配合，将入液孔9和出液孔7封堵的密封装置，通过密封装置将入液孔9和出液孔7进行封堵，具体的，密封装置可以是橡胶塞。
在本实施例中，防冻管壁10与换水管道8的间距为4毫米，当然防冻管壁10与换水管道8的间距可以根据热交换器的大小及换水管道8的大小进行调整，在换水管道8较粗时，换水管道8中的冰量过大时，防冻腔中的防冻液11的量也需要相应提高，以保证防冻液11可以为换水管道8中的冰提供充足热量，所以，防冻管壁10与换水管道8之间的间距可以根据具体使用场景进行调整，本实施例中给出的4毫米适用与家用热水器中，家用热水器中的换水管道8的直径不会有较大差别，4毫米间距的防冻腔内所容纳的防冻液11可以保证对换水管道 8的加热效果。
本申请提供了一种防冻热交换器，与图1所示热交换器相比，区别在于，防冻管壁10设置在换水管道8的管壁内侧，并与换水管道8的管壁形成防冻腔；防冻管壁10上设置有入液孔9和出液孔7；换水管道8上设置的入液孔9和出液孔7用于对防冻液11的更换。防冻液11本身具有防锈功能，所以不会对换水管道8内壁产生腐蚀作用，可安全使用。
在本实施例中，入液孔9和出液孔7上均设置有与防冻管壁10配合，将入液孔9和出液孔7封堵的密封装置，通过密封装置将入液孔9和出液孔7进行封堵，具体的，密封装置可以是橡胶塞。
在本实施例中，防冻管壁10与换水管道8的间距为4毫米，当然防冻管壁10与换水管道8的间距可以根据热交换器的大小及换水管道8的大小进行调整，在换水管道8较粗时，换水管道8中的冰量过大时，防冻腔中的防冻液11的量也需要相应提高，以保证防冻液11可以为换水管道8中的冰提供充足热量，所以，防冻管壁10与换水管道8之间的间距可以根据具体使用场景进行调整，本实施例中给出的4毫米适用与家用热水器中，家用热水器中的换水管道8的直径不会有较大差别，4毫米间距的防冻腔内所容纳的防冻液11可以保证对换水管道8的加热效果。
本申请实施例提供了一种热水器，包括上述实施例中任一实施例所述的防冻热交换器。
比如，如图1所示，一种防冻热交换器，包括：热交换器本体1和与所述热交换器本体1连通的换水管道8，热交换器用于对冷水进行加热得到热水，而换水管道8中的进水管进的是冷水，出水管道出的是热水，比如燃气热水器中的热交换器，太阳能热水器中的热交换器 是太阳能管，空气热水器中的热交换器是压缩机和配套的蒸发器和冷凝器。
在本实施例中，防冻热交换器包括：在所述换水管道8表面设置的防冻管壁10，所述防冻管壁10与所述换水管道8之间形成防冻腔，在换水管道8表面设置防冻管壁10与换水管道8之间形成防冻腔，在所述防冻腔内设置的防冻液11，在所述防冻腔内设置的加热装置12，防冻液11性能主要体现在，水的冰点为0℃，而一般普通型防冻液11能达到-40℃，优质防冻液11能达到-60℃。这与防冻液11的配比有关，一般要求按照比当地最低温度低5℃左右配制，比如，防冻液11可以是乙二醇水基型防冻液11，其成分主要为乙二醇，这是因为乙二醇最显著的特点是防冻，其次，乙二醇沸点高，挥发性小，粘度适中并且随温度变化小，热稳定性好，所以防冻腔内的防冻液11可以一直保持在液态状态，而通过防冻腔内的加热装置12加热防冻液11，使得防冻液11温度升高并与换水管道8内水温升高或冰融化，避免换水管道8结冰，导致热水器无法使用，同时，由于防冻腔内的加热效果，可以起到提高热水器对水温的加热效率的作用，加热装置12所产生的热能也不会因此浪费。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种防冻热交换器，其特征在于，包括：热交换器本体和与所述热交换器本体连通的换水管道；
    在所述换水管道表面设置的防冻管壁，所述防冻管壁与所述换水管道之间形成防冻腔；
    在所述防冻腔内设置的防冻液；
    在所述防冻腔内设置的加热装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防冻热交换器，其特征在于，所述防冻热交换器还包括：
    设置在所述换水管道表面的温度检测装置；
    分别与所述温度检测装置、加热装置连接的加热装置控制装置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防冻热交换器，其特征在于，所述防冻管壁设置在所述换水管道的管壁外侧，并与所述换水管道的管壁形成所述防冻腔。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的防冻热交换器，其特征在于，所述防冻管壁上设置有入液孔和出液孔；
    所述入液孔和所述出液孔上均设置有与所述防冻管壁配合，将所述入液孔和所述出液孔封堵的密封装置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的防冻热交换器，其特征在于，所述防冻管壁设置在所述换水管道的管壁内侧，并与所述换水管道的管壁形成所述防冻腔。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的防冻热交换器，其特征在于，所述换水管道上设置有入液孔和出液孔；
    所述入液孔和所述出液孔上均设置有与所述换水管道配合，将所述入液孔和所述出液孔封堵的密封装置。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的防冻热交换器，其特征在于，所述温度检测装置为热电偶传感器。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的防冻热交换器，其特征在于，所述加热装置为加热丝。
  9. 根据权利要求1～8中任一所述的防冻热交换器，其特征在于，所述防冻管壁与所述换水管道的间距为4毫米。
  10. 一种热水器，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1～9中任一所述的防冻热交换器。
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