WO2020173064A1 - 直线感应电机任意双矢量模型预测推力控制方法及系统 - Google Patents

直线感应电机任意双矢量模型预测推力控制方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2020173064A1
WO2020173064A1 PCT/CN2019/103205 CN2019103205W WO2020173064A1 WO 2020173064 A1 WO2020173064 A1 WO 2020173064A1 CN 2019103205 W CN2019103205 W CN 2019103205W WO 2020173064 A1 WO2020173064 A1 WO 2020173064A1
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thrust
motor
voltage vector
linear induction
axis
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徐伟
邹剑桥
刘毅
董定浩
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/13Observer control, e.g. using Luenberger observers or Kalman filters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/05Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for damping motor oscillations, e.g. for reducing hunting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/14Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/14Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
    • H02P21/16Estimation of constants, e.g. the rotor time constant
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/06Linear motors
    • H02P25/062Linear motors of the induction type

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of linear induction motor control, and more specifically relates to a linear induction motor arbitrary dual vector model predictive thrust control method and system.
  • Linear induction motors can directly output thrust to produce linear motion. Therefore, they have been widely used in urban rail transit in recent years. Compared with the subway driven by traditional rotating motors, it has the advantages of strong climbing ability, small turning radius, flexible route selection, and low engineering cost. Due to the special magnetic circuit structure of the linear motor with both ends broken, the side effect is caused, the mutual inductance of the motor changes drastically, and the thrust attenuation at high speed is more serious.
  • Traditional control strategies such as vector control and direct torque control, do not consider the impact of side effects, resulting in unsatisfactory motor performance, especially at high speeds, the motor output thrust attenuation is more serious.
  • model predictive control algorithms can be combined with direct thrust control strategies.
  • the prediction algorithm is based on the linear motor equivalent circuit model proposed by previous researchers, which can fully consider the impact of side effects and modify the motor parameters.
  • the dynamic response speed is faster, and the attenuation of the motor thrust at high speed is minimized.
  • the traditional model predicts that the thrust control algorithm only uses one voltage vector in a switching cycle, which results in greater thrust and flux linkage fluctuations.
  • the dual-vector modulation strategy is combined with the model-predicted thrust control algorithm. Two voltage vectors are used in one switching cycle. When the switching frequency is not increased much, the fluctuation amplitude of thrust and flux linkage is greatly reduced. value.
  • the two voltage vectors since there are many combinations of the two voltage vectors, they need to be evaluated and compared one by one, which brings a heavy computational burden. Therefore, in this case, a simplified method is needed to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm.
  • the present invention provides a linear induction motor arbitrary dual vector model predictive thrust control method and system to further improve control performance and reduce thrust pulsation.
  • This method improves the modulation accuracy by combining the dual vector modulation strategy and the model predictive thrust control algorithm, thereby reducing the thrust and flux fluctuations.
  • a linear induction motor arbitrary dual vector model predictive thrust control method including the following steps:
  • the calculation method of the motor output thrust and conjugate thrust is:
  • F (k+1) is the motor thrust
  • Is the conjugate thrust of the motor
  • R 1 and R 2 represent the primary and secondary resistances of the motor
  • i ⁇ 1 and i ⁇ 1 represent the components of the motor primary current ⁇ axis and ⁇ axis
  • i ⁇ 2 and i ⁇ 2 represent the motor secondary current ⁇ axis and ⁇ axis
  • Components ⁇ ⁇ 1 and ⁇ ⁇ 1 represent the components of the primary flux linkage ⁇ axis and ⁇ axis of the motor
  • ⁇ 2 represents the secondary angular velocity
  • the subscripts with brackets k and k+1 represent the motor state variables at k and k+1, respectively.
  • L r is the secondary inductance
  • L s is the primary inductance
  • L' m is the corrected mutual inductance of the motor
  • is the motor pole pitch.
  • the ⁇ axis component of F * is the thrust reference value generated by the speed loop PI regulator
  • step (4) to find the optimal duty cycle is:
  • represents the dot product between two voltage vectors
  • is the modulus length of the voltage vector
  • a linear induction motor arbitrary dual vector model predictive thrust control system including speed loop PI regulator, flux loop PI regulator and controller.
  • Speed loop PI regulator is used to generate thrust reference value
  • flux loop PI regulator and control The generator is used to generate the conjugate thrust reference value
  • the controller is used to implement the method described in any one of claims 1 to 3.
  • This method eliminates the need for complex weight coefficient setting process, and at the same time combines the dual vector modulation strategy, which can reduce the thrust and flux fluctuation of the motor during operation;
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the linear induction motor
  • Figure 2 is the output voltage vector of the two-level inverter
  • Figure 8 The first sector three-phase bridge arm pulse
  • FIG. 9 System overall control block diagram.
  • D is the motor primary length
  • v is the motor linear velocity
  • R 2 is the motor secondary resistance
  • L l2 is the motor secondary inductance
  • L m is the motor mutual inductance.
  • the influence factor of the motor side effect can be expressed as:
  • the flux linkage equation can be expressed as:
  • p represents the differential operator
  • u ⁇ 1 and u ⁇ 1 represent the components of the primary input voltage ⁇ axis and ⁇ axis of the motor
  • R 1 and R 2 represent the primary and secondary resistances of the motor
  • i ⁇ 1 and i ⁇ 1 represent the primary current of the motor ⁇ axis and ⁇ -axis component
  • i ⁇ 2 and i ⁇ 2 represent the ⁇ -axis and ⁇ -axis components of the secondary current of the motor
  • ⁇ ⁇ 1 and ⁇ ⁇ 1 represent the ⁇ -axis and ⁇ -axis components of the motor primary flux linkage
  • ⁇ ⁇ 2 and ⁇ ⁇ 2 represent the motor secondary flux ⁇ Axis and ⁇ axis components
  • L l1 and L l2 represent the primary and secondary leakage inductance of the motor
  • L m is the mutual inductance between the primary and the secondary of the motor
  • ⁇ 2 represents the secondary angular velocity.
  • the motor state variable [i ⁇ 1 i ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ] T is selected , combining equations (3) and (4), the motor state equation can be expressed as:
  • the secondary inductance L r L l2 +L m [1-f(Q)]
  • the primary inductance L s L l1 +L m [1-f(Q)]
  • the corrected motor mutual inductance L' m L m [1-f(Q)]
  • L s R 2 +L r R 1 .
  • the motor output thrust expression can be expressed as:
  • is the motor pole pitch.
  • the objective function includes: thrust control and flux control two terms with different dimensions, so it is necessary to adjust the weight coefficient to weigh the two control objectives.
  • the flux tracking term replaces the conjugate thrust term, so that the objective function dimension is unified, and the conjugate thrust expression is:
  • the subscripts k and k+1 represent the state variables of the motor at k and k+1 respectively
  • T s is the sampling period
  • u ⁇ 1(k) and u ⁇ 1(k) are solved at the previous time, that is, at time k-1
  • V k+1 is the voltage vector obtained at the current moment, that is, at moment k, and the current and flux linkage change rate can be expressed as:
  • u ⁇ 1(k+1) and u ⁇ 1(k+1) are the ⁇ axis components of the voltage vector V k+1 solved at time k .
  • the solution voltage vector V k+1 can be expressed as:
  • V k+1 dV i +(1-d)V j (14)
  • d is the duty cycle between the two voltage vectors, V i and V j represents a two-level inverter outputs eight basic voltage vectors V 0 ... V 7, as shown in FIG.
  • F * is the thrust reference value generated by the speed loop PI regulator
  • the reference value for the conjugate thrust is generated by the flux linkage PI adjusting ring.
  • the present invention derives a reference voltage vector, using the voltage vector to guide the search process, can directly search for the optimal voltage vector combination, and calculate the duty ratio between the two voltage vectors.
  • this voltage vector the reference voltage vector
  • the output voltage range of the two-level inverter can be divided into 6 different sectors. And the voltage vectors of other sectors can be transformed to the first sector by rotation, expressed as:
  • n is the sector where the voltage vector is located.
  • d 1 is the vector combination V 1 , V 07 to the reference voltage vector vertical distance
  • d 2 is the vector combination V 2
  • d 3 is the vector combination V 1 , V 2 to the reference voltage vector vertical distance.
  • the definition of the angle ⁇ 1 ... ⁇ 6 is shown in Figure 3.
  • the shortest distance between different voltage vectors and the reference voltage vector is related to the angle.
  • d 2 ⁇ d 1 ⁇ d 3 can be derived. Therefore, the optimal voltage vector combination is V 2 , V 07 , It has the shortest vertical distance, which can minimize the value of the rewritten objective function (18).
  • the reference voltage vector may exceed the inverter output voltage range, as shown in Figure 5. It can be seen from the figure that in this case, ⁇ 3 > ⁇ 4 and ⁇ 6 > ⁇ 5 are always established, so by formula (20), it can be derived: d 3 ⁇ d 2 and d 3 ⁇ d 1 , thus the optimal voltage The vector combination should be V 1 , V 2 . Similarly, by analyzing the situation of other sectors, the area distribution diagram of the optimal voltage vector combination can be obtained as shown in Figure 6. Therefore, it is only necessary to determine which area the reference voltage vector belongs to, and the optimal voltage vector combination can be directly selected, without the need to compare one by one, which greatly reduces the amount of calculation.
  • represents the dot product between two voltage vectors
  • is the modulus length of the voltage vector.
  • Voltage vector combinations can be divided into two categories, one is a combination of non-zero voltage vectors and zero voltage vectors; the other is a combination of two non-zero voltage vectors.
  • equation (22) can be simplified as:
  • V NVV represents the non-zero voltage vector V 1 or V 2 .
  • the optimal duty cycle expression can be expressed as:
  • the three-phase bridge arm pulses are allocated, so that in a switching cycle, the three-phase bridge arm only needs to act once, and the other bridge arms Always maintain high and low levels, as shown in Figure 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

一种直线感应电机任意双矢量模型预测推力控制方法及系统,属于直线感应电机控制技术领域。针对传统模型预测推力控制存在的不足,每个开关周期内只作用一个电压矢量,导致较高的推力和磁链脉动的问题,通过结合双矢量调制算法,一个周期内采用两个电压矢量,提高调制精度,从而能够减小脉动幅值,提高电机运行性能。加入双矢量调制策略后增加了算法的复杂度,计算求解过程过于复杂,同时进一步提出一种简化搜索过程,代替传统重复计算比较方式,无需复杂在线计算过程,从而简化了算法在实际系统的实现过程。

Description

直线感应电机任意双矢量模型预测推力控制方法及系统 【技术领域】
本发明属于直线感应电机控制技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种直线感应电机任意双矢量模型预测推力控制方法及系统。
【背景技术】
直线感应电机,能够直接输出推力从而产生直线运动,因此,最近几年来被广泛运用到城轨交通领域。相比传统旋转电机驱动的地铁,具有爬坡能力强,转弯半径小,选线灵活,以及工程造价低等优势。由于直线电机特殊两端开断的磁路结构,导致边端效应,电机互感变化剧烈,同时高速下推力衰减较为严重。传统控制策略,如:矢量控制以及直接转矩控制,均未考虑边端效应带来的影响,导致电机运行性能不够理想,尤其是高速下电机输出推力衰减较为严重。
为了研究有效的控制策略提高直线感应电机运行性能,可以将模型预测控制算法与直接推力控制策略相结合。首先,预测算法基于之前学者提出的直线电机等效电路模型,可以充分考虑边端效应带来的影响,对电机参数进行修正。其次,通过直接对电机推力进行控制,动态响应速度较快,尽可能减小高速下电机推力的衰减。
但是,传统模型预测推力控制算法一个开关周期只采取一个电压矢量,导致推力和磁链波动较大。为了提高该算法的性能,将双矢量调制策略与模型预测推力控制算法相结合,一个开关周期采取两个电压矢量,在开关频率增加不多情况下,大幅度减小推力和磁链的波动幅值。然而,由于两个电压矢量的组合有很多种,需要逐一评价比较,带来沉重的计算负担。因此,在此情况下,需要一简化方法来减小该算法的计算量。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求,本发明提供了一种直线感应电 机任意双矢量模型预测推力控制方法及系统,进一步提高控制性能,减小推力脉动。该方法通过将双矢量调制策略和模型预测推力控制算法相结合,提高调制精度,从而减小推力和磁链波动。
一种直线感应电机任意双矢量模型预测推力控制方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在当前时刻k对直线感应电机电流以及运行线速度进行采样;
(2)依据当前时刻k的采样值预测k+1时刻的电机输出推力和共轭推力;
(3)以预测k+1时刻的电机输出推力和共轭推力为目标值,求解k+1时刻的最优电压矢量组合;
(4)计算最优电压矢量组合之间的最优占空比,依据最优占空比分配三相桥臂脉冲;
所述电机输出推力和共轭推力的计算方式为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000001
其中,
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000002
F (k+1)为电机推力,
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000003
为电机共轭推力,R 1和R 2代表电机初级和次级电阻,i α1和i β1代表电机初级电流α轴和β轴分量,i α2和i β2代表电机次级电流α轴和β轴分量,ψ α1和ψ β1代表电机初级磁链α轴和β轴分量,ω 2代表次级角速度,下标带括号的k和k+1分别代表k和k+1时刻的电机状态变量,参数
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000004
L r为次级电感,L s为初级电感,L' m为修正后的电机互感,τ为电机极距。
进一步地,所述步骤(3)的求解过程为:
(31)求解参考电压矢量
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000006
其中:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000008
为参考电压矢量
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000009
的α轴分量,
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000010
为参考电压矢量
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000011
的β轴分量,F *为推力参考值由速度环PI调节器产生,
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000012
为共轭推力参考值由磁链PI调节环产生;参数γ=L sR 2+L rR 1,T s为采样周期。
(32)将两电平逆变器输出电压范围均匀划分为多个区域,判定参考电压矢量
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000013
属于哪个区域,则该区域对应的电压矢量组合即为最优电压矢量组合。
进一步地,所述步骤(4)求解最优占空比的具体实现方式为:
令最优电压矢量组合表示为(V i,V j),则最优占空比d opt的计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000014
其中,·表示两个电压矢量之间的点积,||V||为电压矢量的模长。
一种直线感应电机任意双矢量模型预测推力控制系统,包括速度环PI调节器、磁链环PI调节器和控制器,速度环PI调节器用于产生推力参考值, 磁链环PI调节器和控制器用于产生共轭推力参考值,控制器用于执行权利要求1-3任意一项权利要求所述的方法。
总体而言,通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
1、该方法省去复杂的权重系数整定过程,同时结合双矢量调制策略,可以减小电机运行过程中的推力和磁链波动;
2、进一步的,提出一种简化搜索方法,通过查表方式搜索出最佳电压矢量组合以及最优占空比,大大减小了算法的在线计算,使得任意双矢量调制策略能够在实际应用中实现。
【附图说明】
图1是直线感应电机结构示意图;
图2是两电平逆变器输出电压矢量;
图3当参考电压矢量处于第一扇区调制范围内情形;
图4第一扇区内不同组合区域划分;
图5过长参考电压矢量超过逆变器调制范围情形;
图6最优电压矢量组合分布区域图;
图7最优占空比求解;
图8第一扇区三相桥臂脉冲;
图9系统整体控制框图。
【具体实施方式】
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
一、任意双矢量推力预测控制算法
直线感应电机由于铁心开断结构,如图1所示,产生边端效应,导致电机运行过程当中,互感会发生变化。为了描述这种互感变化,定义变量如下所示:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000015
其中:D为电机初级长度;v为电机线速度;R 2为电机次级电阻;L l2为电机次级电感;L m为电机互感。
根据上式,电机边端效应影响因子可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000016
直线感应电机,电压方程可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000017
磁链方程可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000018
其中:p代表微分算子,u α1和u β1表示电机初级输入电压α轴和β轴分量,R 1和R 2代表电机初级和次级电阻,i α1和i β1代表电机初级电流α轴和β轴分量,i α2和i β2代表电机次级电流α轴和β轴分量,ψ α1和ψ β1代表电机初级磁链α轴和β轴分量,ψ α2和ψ β2代表电机次级磁链α轴和β轴分量,L l1和L l2代表电机初级和次级漏感,L m为电机初次级之间互感,ω 2代表次级角速度。
为了方便描述电机初级磁链和输出推力变量,选取电机状态变量 [i α1 i β1 ψ α1 ψ β1] T,结合式(3)和(4),电机状态方程可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000019
其中:次级电感L r=L l2+L m[1-f(Q)],初级电感L s=L l1+L m[1-f(Q)],修正后的电机互感L' m=L m[1-f(Q)],
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000020
γ=L sR 2+L rR 1
电机输出推力表达式可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000021
其中:τ为电机极距。
传统模型预测推力控制算法,目标函数包含:推力控制和磁链控制两项含有不同量纲的项,因此需要整定权重系数来权衡两个控制目标。为了省去权重系数,将磁链跟踪项替换共轭推力项,使得目标函数量纲统一,共轭推力表达式为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000022
为了对推力和共轭推力进行预测,对式(6)和(7)进行求导,可得:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000023
同时,由于微处理器计算时间导致延迟,需要进一步预测来补偿这一延迟带来的影响。通过对当前k时刻采样获得的值,对k+1时刻进行预测,预测表达式为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000024
其中:下标k和k+1分别代表k和k+1时刻的电机状态变量,T s为采样周期,u α1(k)和u β1(k)为上一时刻即k-1时刻求解的最优电压矢量的αβ轴分量。
通过式(9)预测值,可以获得k+1时刻的推力和共轭推力的预测表达式如下:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000025
根据式(8),在k+1时刻下,推力和共轭推力的变化率表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000026
其中:V k+1为当前时刻即k时刻求解的电压矢量,且式中电流以及磁链变化率可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000027
其中:u α1(k+1)和u β1(k+1)为k时刻求解的电压矢量V k+1的αβ轴分量。
进一步,在k+2时刻推力和推力共轭表达式为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000028
对于双矢量调制策略来说,每个开关周期采取两个电压矢量,即求解电压矢量V k+1可表示为:
V k+1=dV i+(1-d)V j      (14)
其中:d为两个电压矢量之间的占空比,V i和V j表示两电平逆变器输出8个基本电压矢量V 0...V 7,如图2所示。
为了进一步提高双矢量调制算法的性能,采取任意两个电压矢量的组合方式,而不是传统的一个非零电压矢量和零电压矢量固定组合,因此将会存在7×7=49种可能的组合方式,需要逐一带入到目标函数当中进行评价,选择使得目标函数值最小的组合方式,并且求解出最优占空比。目标函数可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000029
其中:F *为推力参考值由速度环PI调节器产生,
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000030
为共轭推力参考值由磁链PI调节环产生。
二、简化求解过程
传统的求解过程,需要对49种可能的情况逐一进行比较评价,因此,在线计算量会很繁重。为了简化这一求解过程,本发明推导出一参考电压矢量,利用该电压矢量指导搜索过程,能够直接搜索出最优的电压矢量组合,并且计算出两个电压矢量之间的占空比。
因此,假定存在一个电压矢量,使得目标函数的值等于零,即无跟踪误差,表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000031
其中:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000032
为求解参考电压矢量
通过对上式的求解,这一电压矢量即参考电压矢量可以表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000033
其中:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000034
由于参考电压矢量能够实现零跟踪误差,因此,只需要寻找离参考电压距离最近的电压矢量即可,目标函数可以改写为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000035
如图2所示,两电平逆变器输出电压范围,可以划分为6个不同的扇区。且其他扇区的电压矢量,可以通过旋转变换到第一扇区,表达为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000036
其中:n为电压矢量所处的扇区。
因此,只需要对扇区1进行分析即可,其他扇区类似。当参考电压矢量处于第一扇区时,如图3所示,其他扇区的电压矢量组合均可以排除,因为它们离参考电压矢量距离远大于第一扇区的组合,所以在这一情况下,只需要考虑V 1,V 07,V 2,V 07,以及V 1,V 2三种不同电压矢量组合。三个不同电压矢量组合离参考电压矢量最短的距离为垂直距离,可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000037
其中:d 1为矢量组合V 1,V 07到参考电压矢量垂直距离,d 2为矢量组合V 2,V 07到参考电压矢量垂直距离,d 3为矢量组合V 1,V 2到参考电压矢量垂直距离。角度θ 1...θ 6的定义如图3所示。
根据式(20)可知,不同电压矢量离参考电压矢量最短距离与角度相关。当θ 1>θ 2,θ 4>θ 3,以及θ 5>θ 6,根据(20)可推导出d 2<d 1<d 3,因此,最优电压矢量组合为V 2,V 07,它垂直距离最短,从而可以使得改写后的目标函数(18)的值最小。而当θ 1=θ 2,θ 4=θ 3,以及θ 5=θ 6时,三个电压矢量组合的垂直距离相等,即三角形三个内角的角平分线为他们的边界。从而,在第一扇区内,选择三个不同电压矢量组合区域如图4所示。
参考电压矢量可能超过逆变器输出电压范围,如图5所示。从该图可知,在此情形下,θ 3>θ 4和θ 6>θ 5始终成立,因此通过式(20),可推出:d 3<d 2以及d 3<d 1,从而最优电压矢量组合应该为V 1,V 2。类似地,分析其他扇区的情况,可以得到最优电压矢量组合的区域分布图如图6所示。因此,只需要判断参考电压矢量所属那一个区域,就可以直接选择出最优的电压矢量组合,无需要逐一的比较,大大减小了其计算量。
选择好最优电压组合之后,需要确定两个电压矢量之间的最优占空比。此时,我们可以根据式(18)来求解。将式(18)写成矢量表达形式,如 下:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000038
根据式(21),可知需要调节占空比d,使得电压矢量
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000039
和d(V i-V j)之间的距离最短,此时我们只需要将电压矢量
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000040
向电压矢量V i-V j进行投影即可,可得最优占空比表达式为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000041
其中:·表示两个电压矢量之间的点积,||V||为电压矢量的模长。
电压矢量组合可以分为两大类,一类为非零电压矢量和零电压矢量组合;另外一类是两个非零电压矢量组合。当为前一组合时,由于存在一个零电压矢量,式(22)可以简化为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000042
其中:V NVV表示非零电压矢量V 1或者V 2
同样地,当电压矢量组合为两个非零电压矢量时,最优占空比表达式可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000043
进一步地,根据之前求解出的最佳电压矢量组合以及它们之间的最优占空比,分配三相桥臂脉冲,使得在一个开关周期内,三相桥臂只需要动作一次,其他桥臂一直保持高电平以及低电平,如图8所示。
当两个非零电压矢量作用时,由于两个非零电压矢量只有一相开关脉冲不同,因此该种情况下,三相桥臂只需要动作一次,如下所示:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000044
当一个非零电压矢量和零电压矢量组合时,由于存在两个不同的零电压矢量(V 0(000)以及V 7(111)),因此需要根据不同的情形,选择合适的零电压矢量,使得一个开关周期内,三相桥臂只动作一次,如下所示:
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000045
在不同扇区内,不同电压矢量组合,以及求解三相桥臂脉冲,如表1所示。因此,只需要判断参考电压矢量所属区域,之后根据表1搜索出求解结果,无需复杂的重复计算,大大简化了任意双矢量模型预测推力控制算法的计算量。最终,系统整体控制框图如图9所示。
表1求解结果
Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-000046
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种直线感应电机任意双矢量模型预测推力控制方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    (1)在当前时刻k对直线感应电机电流以及运行线速度进行采样;
    (2)依据当前时刻k的采样值预测k+1时刻的电机输出推力和共轭推力;
    (3)以预测k+1时刻的电机输出推力和共轭推力为目标值,求解k+1时刻的最优电压矢量组合;
    (4)计算最优电压矢量组合之间的最优占空比,依据最优占空比分配三相桥臂脉冲;
    所述电机输出推力和共轭推力的计算方式为:
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100001
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100002
    F (k+1)为电机推力,
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100003
    为电机共轭推力,R 1和R 2代表电机初级和次级电阻,i α1和i β1代表电机初级电流α轴和β轴分量,i α2和i β2代表电机次级电流α轴和β轴分量,ψ α1和ψ β1代表电机初级磁链α轴和β轴分量,ω 2代表次级角速度,下标带括号的k和k+1分别代表k和k+1时刻的电机状态变量,参数
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100004
    L r为次级电感,L s为初级电感,L' m为修正后的电机互感,τ为电机极距。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的直线感应电机任意双矢量模型预测推力控制 方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)的求解过程为:
    (31)求解参考电压矢量
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100006
    其中:
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100008
    为参考电压矢量
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100009
    的α轴分量,
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100010
    为参考电压矢量
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100011
    的β轴分量,F *为推力参考值由速度环PI调节器产生,
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100012
    为共轭推力参考值由磁链PI调节环产生;参数γ=L sR 2+L rR 1,T s为采样周期。
    (32)将两电平逆变器输出电压范围均匀划分为多个区域,判定参考电压矢量
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100013
    属于哪个区域,则该区域对应的电压矢量组合即为最优电压矢量组合。3、根据权利要求1或2所述的直线感应电机任意双矢量模型预测推力控制方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)求解最优占空比的具体实现方式为:
    令最优电压矢量组合表示为(V i,V j),则最优占空比d opt的计算公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2019103205-appb-100014
    其中,·表示两个电压矢量之间的点积,||V||为电压矢量的模长。
  3. 一种直线感应电机任意双矢量模型预测推力控制系统,其特征在于,包括速度环PI调节器、磁链环PI调节器和控制器,速度环PI调节器用于产生推力参考值,磁链环PI调节器和控制器用于产生共轭推力参考值,控制器用于执行权利要求1-3任意一项权利要求所述的方法。
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