WO2020169624A1

WO2020169624A1 - Formwork element and formwork construction kit

Info

Publication number: WO2020169624A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/054271
Authority: WO
Inventors: Uwe HÄGERICH; Bernd Kurth
Original assignee: Paschal-Werk G. Maier Gmbh
Priority date: 2019-02-20
Filing date: 2020-02-18
Publication date: 2020-08-27
Also published as: JP2022521386A; BR112021015945A2; CA3130641A1; IL285656A; SG11202108963PA; CO2021010877A2; AU2020226707A1; MA55011A; US20220195741A1; CN113454305A; DE202020100884U1; KR20210136039A; EA202100213A1; ZA202105745B; EP3927914A1; DE102019104315A1

Abstract

The invention relates to improvements in the field of concrete formwork construction. As an improved embodiment, a formwork element (1) is disclosed, inter alia, with a frame (3) produced from flat-rolled steel, and the bracing (4) of said formwork element (1) consisting of sectional steel.

Description

Formwork element and modular formwork system

The invention relates to formwork elements with a

Formwork skin, with a frame supporting these and with

Struts that are arranged within the frame and support the formwork skin.

Furthermore, the invention also relates to a modular formwork system which comprises such formwork elements and which can be formed from the most diverse types of formwork.

Such formwork elements are in the most varied

Embodiments already known from practice and are

used for example in concrete formwork.

Due to the loads to which such formwork elements are exposed, it is necessary to make the formwork elements robust. This usually goes with one

comparatively high weight of the formwork elements, which can complicate the handling of such formwork elements.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide formwork elements of the type mentioned above, the

Usage properties compared to previously known

Formwork elements are improved.

To solve this problem, a formwork element with the features of the first independent claim directed to such a formwork element is proposed.

In particular, for the solution in the case of a formwork element of the type mentioned at the outset, it is therefore proposed that the frame of the formwork element be made of unprofiled flat steel and the struts of the formwork element made of open profile steel are made. An open profile steel, for example, can be regarded as a profile steel that has an open

Has cross section. The struts made of profile steel have the advantage over struts made of flat steel that the contact points of the struts on the formwork skin are further apart. This way, the

Struts are arranged a little further away from each other than is possible with previously known formwork elements of the type mentioned, with a comparable or even higher load capacity and stability of the formwork element as with the previously known formwork elements can be achieved despite the greater distance between the struts. Furthermore, by using

Struts that are made of sectional steel, the

Reduce the total weight of the formwork element compared to previously known formwork elements of a comparable size. Overall, a formwork element is created that offers a good compromise between the highest possible load capacity and low dead weight. Furthermore, struts made of open profile steel can be coated relatively easily on all sides, for example with corrosion protection. So can a

Corrosion resistance of the with these bracing

equipped formwork element can be improved with comparatively little effort.

Unprofiled flat steel can, for example, thereby

can be characterized so that production with cylindrical rollers is possible.

In one embodiment of the formwork element can

be provided that the struts are arranged so that the profile steel is open to the formwork skin. In this way, a head side and / or a head part of the respective strut can be used for fastening. It is also possible that the profile steel has a symmetrical profile, in particular a hat profile. The use of a profile steel with a symmetrical profile can promote an advantageous stress distribution on the strut. If the profile of the steel profile of the struts is a hat profile, the struts provide contact surfaces on which the

Struts lie flat against the formwork skin and / or the e.g. can be used for fastening by riveting to pre-punched holes.

The profile steel can on its head side at least one

Have longitudinal bead. A fastening element that is to be attached to the strut can grip behind this longitudinal bead and thereby non-rotatably on the strut

be determined.

To achieve the object, a formwork element of the type mentioned at the outset is also proposed, which has the features of the second independent claim directed to such a formwork element. In particular, in order to achieve the object in this formwork element, it is proposed that an even number of struts be arranged within the frame, of which two outer struts each have at least one push-through opening for an anchor. These through openings define so-called anchor points of the formwork element. Especially when the

Struts are evenly distributed within the frame, it is possible to mount accessories on any struts. In addition, the formwork element can thereby be given a certain symmetry, which simplifies its handling and, in particular, its alignment during use.

In particular if four struts within the

Frame are arranged evenly distributed, there is the advantage that of the through openings of the at least two external struts defined anchor points are automatically arranged at 1/5 of the total length or total height of the formwork element. This distance to the edge of the formwork element and / or frame defines one with regard to the loads that occur and the desired ones

Stress distribution particularly favorable position of an anchor on the formwork element. Because that's a special one

advantageous or even optimal balance between a load that is introduced at a short end in relation to the anchoring, and a load on the formwork skin found at a long end or between two

adjacent anchor points is introduced onto the formwork skin.

The through openings defining the anchor points are preferably in the vicinity of the edge of the frame or the

Formwork element provided. The arrangement of

Push-through openings in the struts have such

Struts made from sectional steel have the advantage that the sectional steel also offers a support for a plate or washer with which the anchoring holds the formwork skin and ultimately also the formwork element. This is particularly important in order to prevent a formwork element, which is adjacent in the position of use of the formwork element, preferably of the same construction, but in which no anchor is used, from being caused by the pressure of

poured concrete is pressed out of its position and this pivoted the said plate or washer.

The aforementioned object is finally achieved by a formwork element of the type mentioned, which the means and features of the third independent, on a

having such formwork element directed claim. In particular, to solve the problem is thus with a

Formwork element of the type mentioned proposed that at least one bracing at least two

Having through openings, a shortest distance between a first through opening of the at least two

Push-through openings to the frame of the formwork element is shorter than a shortest distance between a second push-through opening of the at least two push-through openings and the frame. This enables the formwork element to be used either in a standing or lying position.

In this context it should be mentioned that it is special

It is advantageous if the aforementioned formwork element, and moreover also the formwork elements which are claimed with the first two independent claims, are rectangular. As mentioned earlier, the

Through openings for the anchor points of the

Formwork element. The anchor points that are close to the edge of the

Formwork element, that is to say arranged at a smaller distance from the frame of the formwork element, can generally be in the horizontal position of the preferably rectangular

Formwork element cannot be used for anchoring.

This is because dividing sheets or dividing elements are often cast into a foundation of a building on which further walls are to be produced with the aid of formwork elements. These dividing plates or dividing elements are used to close joints or gaps between the wall to be re-poured on the foundation and the foundation. Since the dividers or

Separating elements, however, already when the foundation is being made

are introduced, they fundamentally disturb the setting of anchors in horizontal formwork elements. Due to the second push-through opening, the distance of which from the frame is greater than the distance of the first push-through opening to the frame, at least one push-through opening is available in the formwork element according to the invention, which with security

almost certainly also with horizontal use or arrangement of the formwork element for setting an anchor or anchor rod remains accessible. This also applies when a partition plate or partition element is cast in the foundation of the structure to be produced in the manner mentioned above.

At this point it should be mentioned that this too

Embodiment of a formwork element, the features of the formwork elements described above, to which in particular one of the independent claims 1 and 2 or both are directed, can be used in a meaningful way. For example, it is particularly advantageous to have the aforementioned push-through openings in several or all of the struts

to be provided. These several push-through openings can be provided in different struts of a formwork element in one direction at the same height and / or at the same distance from the frame.

In particular, with a corresponding arrangement of the second push-through openings, which can be on the inside with respect to the frame, it can be ensured that the anchor points defined by the push-through openings continue to be at the same height when the shuttering element is rotated by 90 °. This has an aesthetic advantage since the corresponding anchor points recognizable on the finished component are then aligned with one another in the poured concrete.

For all of the aforementioned formwork elements, a formwork skin with a thickness or thickness of 12 mm can be used. In this context it should be mentioned that the

Formwork skin can be made of plywood, for example. It is possible to use the formwork skins for the

Manufacture formwork elements in various thicknesses or strengths. So it is possible to build a series of

Provide formwork elements of the type mentioned, which differ from one another by their formwork skins. Here, for example, in a formwork element Series of formwork elements a formlining with a thickness or thickness of 12 mm can be used, while another formwork element from the series of

Formwork elements can have a formwork skin with a thickness of, for example, 15 mm.

As already indicated above, it can be advantageous if, within the framework of the aforementioned

Formwork elements are arranged two or four struts. In particular, the use of four struts, preferably evenly distributed within the frame, is particularly advantageous since the struts are then arranged in such a way that the total of four struts arranged here are in the two outer struts

Through opening with respect to at least one side of the

Frame and / or the formwork element are arranged in a position that corresponds to 1/5 and / or 4/5 of the length of this side.

In one embodiment, the formwork elements

provided that the, in particular two or four,

Struts are aligned parallel to one another and / or are evenly spaced from one another. This gives a symmetrical structure of the one so designed

Formwork element, which in turn, the handling and the

Alignment of the formwork elements can simplify in practice.

The aforementioned struts of the formwork elements can be made of a profile steel that has a trapezoidal profile. The struts can therefore have a trapezoidal cross-section.

It when the frame is particularly advantageous

Formwork elements has an aspect ratio of 3 to 5. This is particularly advantageous, especially in connection with the formwork element according to the third independent

Claim, because it automatically results that the through openings for anchors used for a horizontal installation or for a horizontal use of the formwork element are at 1/3 of the total height of the formwork element and thus remain accessible for anchoring even with separating plates cast in a foundation. It is particularly favorable if a formwork element with these dimensions has four evenly distributed struts and two evenly spaced through openings on one strut, since thus - regardless of the orientation of the

Formwork element - a uniform arrangement of the tie rods can be achieved.

All of the formwork elements described above are preferably designed as hand-transportable formwork elements that can be carried by two people. A dead weight of the formwork elements of 50kg or less can therefore be achieved.

For this purpose, the formwork element preferably has handles. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the aforementioned formwork elements, it is provided that the

Formwork element has at least one additional strut. This additional strut can be transverse or at right angles to

be arranged or aligned at least one strut of the formwork element. It is also possible that the

Formwork element at least one additional strut,

In particular, such an additional strut is arranged transversely or at right angles to at least one strut of the formwork element, which has at least one handle and / or the at least one holding opening. Of course, it is also possible that at least one strut of the formwork element / the aforementioned

Formwork elements, at least one handle and / or

has at least one holding opening.

Handles and / or holding openings are preferably formed on two opposite sides. This means that it can be carried by two people, in particular with a dead weight of 50 kg or less.

At this point it should be mentioned that all of the previously

mentioned handles and / or holding openings of the

Formwork element for fastening a load suspension

who in turn can be trained for one

Crane transport of the formwork element is suitable. The aforementioned at least one load pick-up can be used in a

Embodiment of the formwork element part of the

Be formwork element. In this way, an additional element and / or an additional handling step is avoided when using a formwork element configured in this way.

The frame of the aforementioned formwork elements can

for example have a height of 75 mm or less. It should also be noted that an internal structure of the frame, which consists of the struts of the formwork element and the formwork skin, can have a total height that corresponds to the height of the frame or is less than the height of the frame.

Especially if the amount of the aforementioned

The internal structure corresponds to the height of the frame

Formwork skin not over the frame. In this way, a flush arrangement of the formwork skin on the frame of the formwork element can be achieved, which prevents formwork elements constructed in this way from getting caught when they are used for transport or for Storage to be stacked. In this way, damage to the stacked formwork elements can be avoided. Furthermore, it can be useful for the formwork skin to protrude over the

Avoid frames because when using several

Formwork elements on top of each other from the outside reinforcements in the form of battens are attached to both the

Struts of the respective formwork element should also rest on the frame of the formwork element.

In another embodiment, the formwork element can have a frame with a square basic shape. In another embodiment, the formwork element can have a frame with a non-square and / or rectangular basic shape. This can create a rectangular

Formwork element result. Especially with rectangular

Formwork elements can strut along a short side of a rectangular basic shape of the frame

Formwork element to be aligned.

In an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the frame is formed without protrusions on the inside.

The advantage here is that the flat steel does not have

additional structures must be provided. This can save manufacturing costs.

In an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the frame preferably has punched connection openings. The formation of punched connection openings is particularly in the case of smaller quantities compared to the

Use of profile steel is advantageous because none

Rolling tools have to be procured.

It is particularly favorable if at least two

different types of connection openings are formed are. Thus, different types of fastening options can be designed.

Here it can be provided that a clear width of the different connection openings is chosen to be consistent across the formwork skin. Thus, an alignment of the formwork skins to one another transversely to their extent is independent of which connection openings are selected,

definable.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided here that at least one first type of connection openings as

Long hole is formed. Thus, a fixation or defined alignment of the connected

Formwork elements in one direction and a tolerance in a second direction possible.

As an alternative or in addition, it can be provided that a second type of connection opening is designed as a round hole. Thus, a fixation or in a simple manner

Defined alignment of the connected formwork elements possible in two directions.

An elongated hole can hereby for example

characterized that a connector,

For example, a push-through bolt that can be placed without play in the elongated hole in a transverse or narrow direction has play in a longitudinal direction. A round hole can be characterized, for example, by the fact that a

Connecting means, for example a through bolt, which can be placed without play in the elongated hole in a transverse direction, likewise has no play in a longitudinal direction.

In an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the struts are designed to be identical to one another. Thus, a number of parts for manufacturing is

Formwork elements can be reduced and tool costs are

reducible. An additional training

Push-through openings for anchor rods can also be made easier because the struts do not have to be reworked.

The invention enables the provision of a

Formwork kit according to the independent claim directed to such, of at least two types

includes different formwork elements of the type described above. The formwork box can manufacture

Favor so-called light formwork, especially when the dead weight of the formwork elements is 50kg or less. The use of this modular shuttering kit has the advantage that a crane is not absolutely necessary for setting up and / or dismantling a shuttering that is formed with the modular shuttering kit. This can save time and money.

Here two crossing lines of

Push-through openings of a first type of formwork elements in their positions, that is to say, for example, in relation to a height in relation to a standing area in the respective

Use position to be matched to a line of through openings of a second type of formwork elements. The advantage here is that anchor rods can be placed at a uniform height, in particular with two different orientations of the first type of formwork elements. This is particularly beneficial when processing exposed concrete, as the (closed) holes to the anchor rods then result in a uniform appearance.

It can also be provided that at least one type of

Formwork elements according to the invention, in particular as described above and / or according to one of the on a formwork element directed claims, is formed and that in the

Formwork kit is at least one connecting bracket. Thus, the formwork elements can easily be connected to one another on the unprofiled frame. It can be provided that retaining projections on the bracket arms

Connection clamps are designed to match connection openings in the frame of the formwork elements. Thus is a

Slipping of the connecting clips can be avoided.

The invention further enables the use of a

Connection opening in a frame of a formwork element, in particular as described above and / or according to one of the claims directed to a formwork element, for the optional attachment of a connection clip and one

Push-through bolt for connecting the formwork element with another formwork element. Thus, more cost-effective through bolts or easier to handle

Connection clips can be used optionally. The

Formwork elements can come from a previously described modular formwork system, for example.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to two exemplary embodiments, but is not limited to these

Embodiments limited. Further exemplary embodiments result from the combination of the features of individual or several protection claims with one another and / or in combination of individual or several features of the exemplary embodiment. They show in a partly highly schematic representation:

Figure 1: An isometric rear view of a

Formwork element, within the frame of which four struts are evenly distributed, Figure 2 is an isometric front view of a

Formwork skin of the formwork element shown in Figure 1,

Figure 3 is an isometric rear view of another

Formwork element, within the frame two

Struts are evenly distributed,

Figure 4 is an isometric front view of a

Formwork skin of the formwork element shown in Figure 3,

Figure 5 is an isometric rear view of a

Formwork arrangement consisting of the two formwork elements shown in FIGS

is put together, wherein the formwork element, which has four struts within its frame, is arranged in a standing position,

Figure 6 is an isometric rear view of another

Formwork arrangement consisting of the two formwork elements shown in FIGS

is put together, wherein the formwork element, which has four struts within its frame, is arranged in a lying position,

FIG. 7 is a partially broken away, isometric rear view

one of the formwork elements shown in the previous figures,

FIG. 8 shows a detailed view in a sectional illustration of two

Formwork elements that are held together with a connecting clip, and FIG. 9: a schematic diagram analogous to FIG. 8, the formwork elements with a push-through bolt

be held together.

In the following description of various

Embodiments of the invention contain elements that correspond in their function, even if the design or shape may differ from one another

Reference numbers.

All figures show formwork elements designated as a whole by 1. Each of the formwork elements 1 has a formwork skin 2, a frame 3 supporting this and

Strut 4, which are arranged within the frame 3 and support the formwork skin 2.

In all embodiments of formwork elements 1 shown in the figures, the frames 3 are each made of flat steel. The struts 4 of the shown

Formwork elements 1 are in turn made of open, symmetrical profile steel. In this way, the struts 4 of the formwork elements 1, due to their profiled cross-section, are more rigid than the material used to manufacture the struts 4

Struts that are used in previous formwork elements and are made of non-profiled flat steel. This higher rigidity of the struts 4 favors on the one hand a higher overall rigidity and thus also a higher one

Load capacity of the respective formwork element 1. On the other hand, the formwork element 1 has through the use of

Struts 4, which are made of steel profiles, have a particularly low overall weight in relation to its load capacity and stability. This favors the simplified handling of the formwork element 1. The steel profile of the struts 4 is open to the formwork skin 2 of the respective formwork element 1. In particular, the sectional view according to FIG. 7 also shows that the profile steel used for the struts 4 is or has a hat profile. The struts 4 thus have bearing surfaces 16 with which they lie flat against the formwork skin 2. The formwork skin 2 is attached to the struts 4 with rivets 15. The profile steel of the struts 4 also has two longitudinal beads 14 aligned parallel to one another on its head side 13. One not shown in the figures

Fastening element, for example an anchor, can engage behind these longitudinal beads 13 and in this way can be fixed on struts 4 in a rotationally fixed manner.

Each of the formwork elements 1 shown has an even number of struts 4 within its frame 3.

At least two outer struts 4a and 4b of this

Struts 4 each have a plurality of through openings 5, 6 and 7 for anchors not shown in the figures

fitted .

In the case of the formwork elements 1 shown in the figures, it is even provided that all struts 4 each have at least two through openings 5, 6 and / or 7. A shortest distance from a first through opening 6 of the at least two through openings 5 to the frame 3 of the respective formwork element 1 is shorter than a shortest distance from a second through opening 7 of the at least two through openings to the frame 3.

In the exemplary embodiment of a formwork element 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, within the frame 3

a total of four struts 4 arranged. In the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4 one Formwork element 1 are arranged within the frame 3 a total of two struts 4.

All of the struts 4 are parallel to one another

aligned and also arranged at a uniform distance from one another within the respective frame 3. The respective second through-opening 7 is equidistant from two adjacent frame legs 8 and 9 of the

Frame 3.

In particular, the sectional view of the formwork element 1 according to FIG. 7 shows that the struts 4 from

Trapezoidal profiles exist. At least the formwork element 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a frame 3 which has an aspect ratio of 3 to 5.

Each of the formwork elements 1 also has additional struts 10. These are arranged transversely, more precisely at right angles to the struts 4 of the respective formwork element 1. Further, in this additive _V 10 is in each case a erstrebungen

Holding opening 11 is formed. The holding openings 11 which each of the formwork elements 1 has, simplify the handling of the formwork elements 1. The holding openings 11 allow the formwork element 1 to be transported by hand by two people.

Between adjacent frame legs 8 and 9 of the frame 3 of the respective formwork element 1 are also

Stiffening elements 12 are provided.

In particular, the internal through openings 5, 6, 7 are designed as elongated holes, which can facilitate the introduction of anchor rods or concrete anchors.

Figure 6 illustrates that the struts 4 of the square formwork element 1 arranged on the left-hand side so are arranged that the trained therein

Push-through openings 5, 6 with the second push-through openings 7 in the struts 4 of the second, rectangular

Align formwork element 1.

All the figures, which have a rectangular formwork element 1 as their subject matter, make it clear that the struts 4 of these rectangular formwork elements 1 along a short side of a rectangular basic shape of the frame 3 of the

respective formwork element 1 are aligned.

Figures 5 and 6 also serve to illustrate a formwork kit, the at least two types

different formwork elements 1 of the type described above. As Figures 5 and 6 show, allows

Formwork kit a variable design of a formwork formed from the formwork elements 1.

Figure 8 shows the connection of two formwork elements 1 with a connecting clip 20. For this purpose, are in the frame

Connection openings 18, 19 punched into the

Retaining projections 22 and bracket arms 21 of the connecting bracket 20 engage. The holding projections 22 are here like this

dimensioned and arranged on the bracket arms 21 that they - at least along the bracket arms 21 practically free of play - engage in the connecting openings 18, 19 to the

Align formwork elements 1 relative to each other.

Here, two types of connection openings 18, 19 are formed.

The connection openings 18 (see. Fig. 7) of the first type are designed as elongated holes, so that a play-free fixing only transversely to the formwork skins 2, that is, in the transverse direction or

Narrow direction of the elongated hole takes place. The connecting openings 19 (cf. FIG. 7) of the second type, on the other hand, are designed as round holes (with recesses for wings 24 of through bolts 23, as will be explained in more detail below). The round holes cause the formwork elements 1 also along the frame 3 near the

Connection openings 19 are aligned as the

Push-through bolts 23 or the holding projections 22 are completely fixed.

Overall it can be seen that the frame 3 at his

Inside 17 is formed without projections and from flat unprofiled flat steel.

The punched connection openings 18, 19 form here

Undercuts on which the connecting clip 20 can grip so as not to slip off.

Figure 9 shows an alternative way of connecting two

Formwork elements 1. Here, a push-through bolt 23, the diameter of which can be the same as the diameter of the holding projections 22, is inserted through one of the two connecting openings 18, 19. The wings 24 are dimensioned here so that they fit both through the recesses 25 of the round hole and through the elongated hole. After a rotation of 90 °, the through bolts 23 are then fixed.

To the freedom of play across the formwork skin 2

ensure, a clear width of the different connection openings 18, 19 corresponds transversely to the formwork skin 2.

In contrast, there is a space for the placement of the retaining projections 22 in the connecting opening 18, 19 in the elongated hole, that is to say the

Connection opening 18, larger along the formwork skin 2 than in the case of the round hole in connection opening 19. It can also be seen from the figures that the struts 4 within a formwork element 1 are identical to one another.

By comparing FIGS. 1 to 6 it can be seen that two intersecting lines of through holes 5, 6, 7 are formed in the formwork element 1 from FIG. So they form

Through holes 7 a vertical line and the

Through holes 6 two horizontal lines (with further through holes), which each cross or intersect the vertical line.

The height of these lines above the edge with which the

Is placed on a base or on _S tellfläche shuttering element 1 is, in this case coincident selected to be identical and agrees with a height of a corresponding line on the shuttering element 1 according to Figure 4 the same. Thus, when two formwork elements are placed next to one another, regardless of their spatial orientation, there is a horizontal line on which the anchor rods lie.

The invention is concerned with improvements on the

technical field of concrete formwork construction. Among other things, the formwork element 1 is proposed as an improvement, the frame 3 of which is made of flat steel, while the struts 4 of the formwork element 1 consist of profile steel.

/ List of reference symbols List of reference symbols

1 formwork element

2 formwork skin

3 frames

4 bracing

4a outer bracing

4b outer bracing

5 push-through opening

6 first push-through opening

7 second push-through opening

8 frame legs

9 frame legs

10 Additional _V erstrebung

11 retaining opening

12 stiffening element

13 top side

14 longitudinal bead

15 rivet

16 support surface

17 inside

18 connection opening (first type)

19 connection opening (second type)

20 connecting bracket

21 clamp arm

22 retaining protrusion

23 through bolts

24 blades

/ Expectations

Claims

Expectations

1. Formwork element (1) with a formwork skin (2), with a frame (3) supporting this and with struts (4) which are arranged within the frame (3) and which

Support formwork skin (2), characterized in that the frame (3) made of non-profiled flat steel and the

Struts (4) are made of open profile steel.

2. formwork element (1) according to claim 1, characterized

characterized in that the profile steel is open to the formwork skin (2) and / or that the profile steel has a symmetrical profile, in particular a hat profile, and / or that the profile steel has at least one on its head side (13)

Has longitudinal bead (14).

3. Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding

Claims, with a formwork skin (2), with a frame (3) supporting this and with struts (4) which are arranged within the frame (3) and which

Support formwork skin (2), characterized in that within the frame (3) an even number of

Struts (4) is arranged, of which two outer struts (4a, 4b) each at least one

Have through opening (5) for an anchor.

4. Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding

Support formwork skin (2), characterized in that at least one strut (4) at least two

Has through openings (5), a shortest distance between a first through opening (6) of the at least two through openings (5) and the frame (3) being shorter than is a shortest distance from a second through opening (7) of the at least two through openings (5) to the frame (3).

5. Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two or four struts (4) are arranged within the frame (3).

6. Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the, in particular two or four, struts (4) are aligned parallel to one another and / or are evenly spaced from one another.

7. formwork element (1) according to one of claims 4 to 6,

characterized in that the second push-through opening (7) is at the same distance from two adjacent frame legs (8, 9) of the frame (10).

8. Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the struts (4) are made from a profile steel with a trapezoidal profile and / or have a trapezoidal cross-section.

9. Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame (3) is a

Has an aspect ratio of 3 to 5.

10. Formwork element (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame (3) is designed without protrusion on the inside.

11. Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame (3) preferably punched connection openings (18, 19), in particular at least two different types of Connection openings (18, 19), in particular wherein a clear width of the different connection openings (18, 19) transversely to the formwork skin (2) is selected to match and / or wherein at least one first type of

Connection openings (18) is designed as an elongated hole and / or a second type of connection openings (19) is designed as a round hole.

12. Formwork element (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the struts (4)

are designed to be identical to one another.

13. Formwork kit comprising at least two

different types of formwork elements (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in particular wherein two intersecting lines (23, 24) of through openings (5,

6, 7) of a first type of formwork elements (1) in their

Positions on a line (25) of through openings (5,

6, 7) of a second type of formwork elements (1) is matched, and / or wherein at least one type of

Formwork elements (1) according to one of the preceding claims with at least one connecting clamp (20) are present, in particular wherein retaining projections (22) on clamp arms (21) match the connecting clamp (20)

Connection openings (18, 19) in the frame (3) of the

Formwork elements (1) are formed.

14. Use of a connection opening (18, 19) in one

Frame (3) of a formwork element (1), in particular according to one of claims 1 to 12 and / or one

Formwork construction kit according to the preceding claim, for the optional attachment of a connecting clip (20) and a through bolt (23) for connecting the

Formwork element (1) with a further formwork element.

/ Summary