WO2020168777A1 - 按键结构总成、装配方法以及具有该按键总成的电子设备 - Google Patents

按键结构总成、装配方法以及具有该按键总成的电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020168777A1
WO2020168777A1 PCT/CN2019/122421 CN2019122421W WO2020168777A1 WO 2020168777 A1 WO2020168777 A1 WO 2020168777A1 CN 2019122421 W CN2019122421 W CN 2019122421W WO 2020168777 A1 WO2020168777 A1 WO 2020168777A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
radius
structure assembly
shell
shaft
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PCT/CN2019/122421
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林灿荣
吴铎
陈辉奇
彭卓志
丹尼斯
Original Assignee
海捷水下潜航器（深圳）有限公司
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Publication of WO2020168777A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020168777A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/04—Cases; Covers
    • H01H13/06—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof or flameproof casings
    • H01H13/063—Casings hermetically closed by a diaphragm through which passes an actuating member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H13/14—Operating parts, e.g. push-button
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/26—Snap-action arrangements depending upon deformation of elastic members
    • H01H13/28—Snap-action arrangements depending upon deformation of elastic members using compression or extension of coil springs

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of electronic equipment, and particularly relates to a key structure assembly, an assembly method and an electronic device having the key structure assembly.
  • buttons usually use rubber materials and use the elasticity of the materials to realize the embedding and resetting of the buttons.
  • This button mechanism is easy to cause material fatigue and affect the sense of use; or use waterproof touch panels to change the panel current through touch
  • the button function is realized, but this mechanism may cause accidental touch operation due to the combined action of water pressure and water flow if it is in an underwater environment, which reduces the sensitivity and accuracy of the button sensitivity.
  • the present invention provides a key structure assembly, including a housing (1), a key body (2), an elastic member (3) and a switch control circuit (4);
  • the switch control circuit (4) is arranged in the housing (1), and includes a switch element (41) and a circuit board (42) electrically connected to the switch element (41);
  • the housing (1) includes an upper housing (11) and a lower housing (12) that is detachably connected to the upper housing (11) and forms a sealable accommodating space below;
  • the key body (2) has a pressing part (21) and a shaft part (22) integrally formed at the lower end of the pressing part (21).
  • the pressing part (21) is exposed outside the housing (1) and is connected to an elastic piece ( 3) It is flexibly connected to the upper surface of the upper shell (11), and the shaft (22) passes through a through hole (111) of the upper shell (11) and is aligned with the switch element (41).
  • the pressing part (21) opposes the stress of the elastic member (3) and moves the shaft part (22) downwards to mechanically extend and touch the switch element (41).
  • opposite sides of the upper shell (11) and the lower shell (12) are provided with corresponding matching thread pairs, and the upper shell (11) is detachably screwed on the inner side of the lower shell (12) through threads.
  • the pressing portion (21) is a circular button cap
  • the elastic member (3) is a spring with a radius slightly smaller than the radius of the button cap
  • the upper surface of the upper casing (11) is provided with a spring for corresponding fixed installation in the circumferential direction
  • the two ends of the spring are respectively pressed against the lower surface of the button cap and the upper surface groove (112) of the upper casing (11).
  • a functional base (6) is also covered on the upper side of the upper casing (11), and the functional base (6) has a resisting position (61) that matches the shape of the upper surface groove (112) and The radius of the shaft (22) is adapted to the opening (62).
  • the elastic member (3) exerts its own stress on the resisting part and tightly abuts the upper surface of the upper shell (11) through the resisting part .
  • the through hole (111) of the upper shell (11) has a stepped diameter reduction, including a first radius hole and a second radius hole.
  • the first radius hole is arranged on the upper surface of the upper shell (11) and the hole The radius is slightly wider than the radius of the shaft portion (22), so that a functional gap is formed between the first radius hole and the shaft portion (22).
  • the functional gap is used to configure the first seal that is interference sleeved on the outer circumference of the shaft portion (22)
  • the second radius hole is arranged on the lower surface of the upper shell (11), and the radius of the hole is correspondingly adapted to the shaft portion (22).
  • a waterproof base is also provided on the upper side of the upper shell (11), the waterproof base is an inverted cover and covers the first radius channel and the first sealing rubber ring (5), in the center An opening for piercing the shaft portion (22) and matching the radius of the shaft portion (22) is provided.
  • a circlip (7) for clamping on the outer edge of the bottom end of the shaft portion (22) for limiting in the normal direction of the shaft portion (22).
  • a second sealing rubber ring (8) with a preset thickness is provided on the upper edge of the lower housing (12).
  • the second sealing rubber ring (8) are respectively pressed against the inner side of the lower casing (12) and the inner side of the upper casing (11), and between the upper peripheral edge of the lower casing (12) and the lower peripheral edge of the upper casing (11).
  • the circuit board (42) is also connected with a lead wire (9), the lower casing (12) is provided with a wire outlet hole for the lead wire (9) to pass through, and the inside of the lower casing (12) is also filled with a fixed switch element ( 41) and the waterproof glue (10) of the circuit board (42).
  • the invention also provides an electronic device with a key structure assembly.
  • the electronic device is a boat
  • the key structure assembly is used to start and/or control the boat.
  • the invention also provides a method for assembling the key structure assembly, which includes the following steps:
  • the housing (1) includes an upper housing (11) and a lower housing (12) that is detachably connected to the upper housing (11) and forms a sealable accommodating space below, and the key body (2) It has a pressing part (21) and a shaft part (22) integrally formed at the lower end of the pressing part (21).
  • the shaft part (22) is sleeved with an elastic piece (3) so that the pressing part (21) passes through the elastic piece ( 3) Flexible connection to the upper surface of the upper shell (11);
  • the switch control circuit (4) is arranged in the lower casing (1), and the waterproof glue (10) for fixing the switch control circuit (4) is injected into the lower casing (12);
  • the third step is to assemble the upper shell and the lower shell together.
  • the shaft part (22) passes through a through hole (111) of the upper shell (11) and is aligned with the switch element (41).
  • the pressing portion (21) When the pressing portion (21) is pressed, the pressing portion (21) opposes the stress of the elastic member (3) and moves the shaft portion (22) downward mechanically to extend and touch the switch element (41).
  • the key structure assembly and the assembling method thereof provided by the present invention, and the electronic device with the key structure assembly have the following beneficial technical effects:
  • the switch element and the circuit board electrically connected to the switch element are integrally arranged in a sealed casing, so that the key electrical element is effectively isolated from the water environment and has good sealing performance;
  • the waterproof button structure assembly provided by the present invention is an independent structure, and does not need the shell to form the button assembly accessories. Therefore, when the button is replaced, it does not need to be disassembled together with the electronic device shell, which effectively reduces the maintenance cost. , Due to the reduced dependence on the housing, the independent setting of the keys is particularly suitable for underwater environments without considering the joint and sealing performance with the housing, which further reduces the production cost and assembly cost;
  • the waterproof button structure provided by the present invention is always fully mechanically braked, which is very suitable for underwater environments, and can effectively avoid accidental touch operations caused by water flow conditions, thereby ensuring the application of the waterproof button structure in the operation function of the button intelligent control The operability and safety of the electronic equipment of the assembly;
  • the waterproof button structure assembly provided by the present invention also forms a sealing rubber ring with interference sleeved on the outer circumference of the shaft between the first radius hole and the shaft to improve the airtightness of the shell and prevent outside water from entering To the inside of the shell;
  • the waterproof button structure assembly provided by the present invention is also provided with a functional base.
  • the functional base has a resisting position adapted to the shape of the groove on the upper surface and an opening adapted to the radius of the shaft.
  • the spring exerts force by its own stress
  • the resisting portion tightly abuts the upper surface of the upper shell through the resisting portion, thereby further enhancing the airtightness of the shell.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic side view of the key structure assembly of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of the key structure assembly of the present invention.
  • buttons usually use rubber materials and use the elasticity of the materials to realize the embedding and resetting of the buttons.
  • This button mechanism is easy to cause material fatigue and affect the sense of use; or use waterproof touch panels to change the panel current through touch
  • the button function is realized, but this mechanism may cause accidental touch operation due to the combined action of water pressure and water flow if it is in an underwater environment, which reduces the sensitivity and accuracy of the button sensitivity.
  • the present invention provides a fully enclosed and independent key structure assembly.
  • the switch element By pressing the "key”, the switch element can be triggered to transmit the signal to the controller through the wiring harness, and the switch element and the switch element electrically connected
  • the circuit board is integrated in the sealed shell, which effectively isolates the electrical components of the button from the water environment, and has good sealing.
  • the independent button structure does not require the shell of the electronic device to form the button assembly.
  • the specific structure is shown in the figure As shown in 1-2, it includes the key body (2), the housing (1), the elastic member (3) and the switch control circuit (4).
  • the housing here is not the housing of the electronic device, but belongs to the key structure A part of an independent housing;
  • the switch control circuit (4) is arranged in the housing (1), including a switching element (41) and a circuit board (42) electrically connected to the switching element (41);
  • the housing (1) It includes an upper shell (11) and a lower shell (12) that is detachably connected to the upper shell (11) and forms a closeable accommodating space below;
  • the button body (2) has a pressing portion (21) and is integrally formed At the shaft portion (22) at the lower end of the pressing portion (21), the pressing portion (21) is exposed outside the housing (1) and is connected to the lower side with an elastic member (3) flexibly connected to the upper surface of the upper housing (11) ,
  • the shaft portion (22) passes through a through hole (111) of the upper housing (11), the through hole (111) matches the radius of the shaft portion (22) and is aligned with the switch element (41), When a force is applied to the pressing part, the pressing part opposes the stress of the elastic member
  • the independent button structure ensures that when the button is replaced, it does not need to be disassembled together with the electronic device casing, which effectively reduces the maintenance cost, and due to the reduction of the dependence on the casing, the independent setting of the button is particularly suitable for underwater environments.
  • the waterproof button structure provided by the present invention always becomes a fully mechanical human brake, which is very suitable for underwater environments, and can effectively avoid errors caused by water flow. Touch operation (experimental personnel did multiple tests at 40 meters underwater, and there was no accidental touch), so as to ensure the operability of electronic equipment suitable for the waterproof button structure assembly in the operation function of the button intelligent control And safety.
  • the upper shell (11) and the lower shell (12) are connected by a thread pair correspondingly matched, and the opposite side is provided with a correspondingly matched thread pair.
  • the shell (11) is detachably screwed on the inner side of the lower shell (12) through threads.
  • the mechanical brake of the key structure assembly selects an elastic member as the intermediate support member to connect the key cap and the upper surface of the upper shell.
  • the radius of the elastic member (3) in this embodiment is slightly smaller than that of the key cap.
  • a spring with a radius extends in the circumferential direction of the upper surface of the upper shell (11) with a groove (112) for fixing the spring correspondingly.
  • the groove (112) is pressed on the lower surface of the button cap and the upper surface of the upper casing (11) and is limited in the groove (112), so that the spring displacement problem is not easily caused by the unbalanced force size or direction.
  • the waterproof button structure assembly provided by the present invention also forms a first sealing rubber ring (5) with interference sleeves on the outer circumference of the shaft between the first radius hole and the shaft for Improve the air tightness of the shell and prevent outside water from entering the inside of the shell.
  • the through hole (111) of the upper shell (11) has a stepped diameter reduction, including a first radius channel and The second radius channel, the first radius channel is arranged on the upper surface of the upper shell (11) and the channel radius is slightly wider than the radius of the shaft (22), thereby forming a function between the first radius channel and the shaft (22) Clearance, the functional clearance is used to configure the first sealing rubber ring (5) that is sleeved on the outer circumference of the shaft (22).
  • the second radius hole is set on the lower surface of the upper shell (11) and the radius of the hole is consistent with the shaft.
  • Section (22) corresponds to adaptation.
  • a waterproof base should be provided on the upper side of the upper shell (11).
  • the waterproof base is an inverted cover and covers the first radius channel and the first sealing rubber ring (5).
  • An opening for piercing the shaft portion (22) and matching the radius of the shaft portion (22) is provided in its center.
  • a functional base (6) is also covered on the upper side of the upper casing (11).
  • the recess (112) has a shape-adapted resisting position and an opening adapted to the radius of the shaft (22).
  • the spring applies its own stress to the resisting portion and tightly abuts through the resisting portion
  • a second sealing rubber ring (8) with a preset thickness is provided on the upper edge of the lower shell (12), when the upper shell (11) and the lower shell (12) are screwed together , The second sealing rubber ring (8) is respectively pressed and abutted between the upper edge of the lower shell (12) and the lower edge of the upper shell (11).
  • the second rubber sealing ring is installed in a groove provided in the middle of the upper edge of the lower housing.
  • a lead (9) is connected to the circuit board (42), and a lead (9) is provided on the lower housing (12). Through the outlet hole, the inside of the lower housing (12) is also filled with waterproof glue (10) for fixing the switch element (41) and the circuit board (42).
  • this embodiment provides an electronic device having the key structure assembly.
  • the electronic device is a ship, and the hull of the ship is provided with an installation slot adapted to the key structure assembly, and the key structure assembly is used to start and control the ship.
  • This embodiment provides a method for assembling a key structure assembly.
  • the steps of the method are simple and time-saving, which is beneficial to reduce production costs and facilitate industrial production, thereby obtaining a key product with low cost, high quality and stable performance, which specifically includes the following step:
  • the housing (1) includes an upper housing (11) and a lower housing (12) that is detachably connected to the upper housing (11) and forms a sealable accommodating space below, and the key body (2) It has a pressing part (21) and a shaft part (22) integrally formed at the lower end of the pressing part (21).
  • the shaft part (22) is sleeved with an elastic piece (3) so that the pressing part (21) passes through the elastic piece ( 3) Flexible connection to the upper surface of the upper shell (11);
  • the switch control circuit (4) is arranged in the lower casing (1), and the waterproof glue (10) for fixing the switch control circuit (4) is injected into the lower casing (12);
  • the third step is to assemble the upper shell and the lower shell together.
  • the shaft part (22) passes through a through hole (111) of the upper shell (11) and is aligned with the switch element (41).
  • the pressing portion (21) When the pressing portion (21) is pressed, the pressing portion (21) opposes the stress of the elastic member (3) and moves the shaft portion (22) downward mechanically to extend and touch the switch element (41).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种按键结构总成，包括壳体、按键本体、弹性件以及开关控制电路；开关控制电路配置于壳体内，包括开关元件及与开关元件电性连接的电路板；壳体包括上壳体及可拆卸式连接在上壳体并在下方形成可封闭容置空间的下壳体；按键本体具有按压部及一体成型在按压部下端的轴部，按压部暴露在壳体外侧并于下侧连接一弹性件挠性连接在上壳体上表面，轴部穿过上壳体的一通孔并与该开关元件相对准，当施力于该按压部时，该按压部对抗弹性件应力并联动轴部向下机械延伸、触动该开关元件。本发明提供的全封闭防水按键结构总成具有良好的封闭性、独立性、机械性以及密闭性，能够有效提高产品的操作性、安全性及维修便利性。

Description

按键结构总成、装配方法以及具有该按键总成的电子设备 技术领域
本发明属于电子设备技术领域，具体涉及一种按键结构总成、装配方法及具有该按键结构总成的电子设备。
背景技术
随着电子设备的普及应用，能够适应各种环境条件的功能性产品越来越收到用户青睐，尤其是防水功能的加入，使得产品在自然降雨或多水汽或水密环境中能够正常使用，并且成为了此类产品的重要特征点及卖点之一。
但是目前很多这类产品并未实现按键结构完全的防水封闭，往往直接与电子端接合，这种半开放式的结构不能使得按键独立化，不仅临接处容易发生进水问题，且更换按键的成本较高。此外常规的防水按键通常采用橡胶材料并利用材料本身的弹性以实现按键的嵌入与复位，这种按键机制易导致材料疲劳而影响使用感；或是采用防水触控面板用以通过触摸改变面板电流进而实现按键功能，但是这种机制如处于水下环境，可能会因为水压和水流动向的联合作用造成误触操作，使得按键感应灵敏度和准确度下降。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种按键结构总成，包括壳体(1)、按键本体(2)、弹性件(3)以及开关控制电路(4)；
开关控制电路(4)配置于壳体(1)内，包括开关元件(41)及与开关元件(41)电性连接的电路板(42)；
壳体(1)包括上壳体(11)及可拆卸式连接在上壳体(11)并在下方形成可封闭容置空间的下壳体(12)；
按键本体(2)具有按压部(21)及一体成型在按压部(21)下端的轴部(22)，按压部(21)暴露在壳体(1)外侧并于下侧连接一弹性件(3)挠性连接在上壳体(11)上表面，轴部(22)穿过上壳体(11)的一通孔(111)并与该开关元件(41)相对准，当施力于该按压部(21)时，该按压部(21)对抗弹性件(3)应力并联动轴部(22)向下机械延伸、触动该开关元件(41)。
优选地，上壳体(11)与下壳体(12)相对侧设有对应匹配的螺纹对，上壳体(11)通过螺纹可拆卸式旋紧在下壳体(12)内侧。
优选地，按压部(21)为圆形按键帽，弹性件(3)为半径略小于按键帽半径的弹簧，在上壳体(11)的上表面环圆周方向延伸设置有用于对应固定安装弹簧的凹槽(112)，当施力于按压部(21)时，弹簧两端分别对应紧压在按键帽下表面及上壳体(11)的上表面凹槽(112)。
优选地，在上壳体(11)上侧还盖设有功能基座(6)，该功能基座(6)具有与上表面凹槽(112)形状适配的抵挡位(61)以及与轴部(22)半径适配的开孔(62)，在按键未受外力状态下，弹性件(3)以自身应力施力抵挡部并通过抵挡部紧密抵接上壳体(11)上表面。
优选地，上壳体(11)的通孔(111)具有台阶式变径，包括第一半径孔道及第二半径孔道，第一半径孔道设置在上壳体(11)的上表 面且其孔道半径略宽于轴部(22)半径，从而在第一半径孔道与轴部(22)之间形成功能间隙，该功能间隙用于配置过盈套设在轴部(22)外周的第一密封胶圈(5)，第二半径孔道设置在上壳体(11)的下表面且其孔道半径与轴部(22)对应适配。
优选地，在上壳体(11)上侧还该设有防水基座，该防水基座为一倒置盖体并覆盖在第一半径孔道及第一密封胶圈(5)上方，在其中心设有用于穿设轴部(22)且与轴部(22)半径适配的开孔。
优选地，在上壳体(11)下侧还有用于卡紧在轴部(22)底端外缘用以在轴部(22)法线方向限位的卡簧(7)。
优选地，在下壳体(12)上缘设有一具有预设厚度的第二密封胶圈(8)，当上壳体(11)与下壳体(12)旋合时，第二密封胶圈(8)分别受压抵接在下壳体(12)内侧与上壳体(11)内侧、以及下壳体(12)上周缘与上壳体(11)下周缘之间。
优选地，电路板(42)还连接有引线(9)，在下壳体(12)设有用于引线(9)穿出的出线孔，下壳体(12)内部还填充有用于固定开关元件(41)及电路板(42)的防水胶(10)。
本发明还提供一种电子设备，具有按键结构总成。
优选地，电子设备为船只，按键结构总成用于启动和/或控制船只。
本发明还提供一种按键结构总成的装配方法，包括以下步骤：
第一步，壳体(1)包括上壳体(11)及可拆卸式连接在上壳体(11)并在下方形成可封闭容置空间的下壳体(12)，按键本体(2)具有按压部(21)及一体成型在按压部(21)下端的轴部(22)，轴部(22)套入一弹性件(3)使得按压部(21)于其下侧通过弹性件(3)挠性 连接在上壳体(11)上表面；
第二步，将开关控制电路(4)配置于下壳体(1)内，向下壳体(12)内部注入用于固定开关控制电路(4)的防水胶(10)；
第三步，将上壳体与下壳体装配在一起，轴部(22)穿过上壳体(11)的一通孔(111)并与该开关元件(41)相对准，当施力于该按压部(21)时，该按压部(21)对抗弹性件(3)应力并联动轴部(22)向下机械延伸、触动该开关元件(41)。本发明提供的按键结构总成及其装配方法、具有该按键结构总成的电子设备所具有的有益技术效果如下：
①本发明提供的按键结构总成，开关元件及与开关元件电性连接的电路板一体配置在密封壳体内，使得有效将按键电气元件与水环境隔离开，具有良好的封闭性；
②本发明提供的防水按键结构总成是为一个独立的结构，而不需壳体构成按键组配件，因此，在更换按键时，无需连同电子设备壳体一同拆卸，有效降低了维修成本，此外，由于对壳体依赖性的降低，按键的独立设置特别适用于水下环境，而无需考虑与壳体的接合密封性等，进一步降低了生产成本及装配成本；
③本发明提供的防水按键结构总成为全机械制动，非常适合水下环境，能够有效避免因水流情况造成的误触操作，从而在按键智控的操作功能上，保证了适用该防水按键结构总成的电子设备的可操作性及安全性；
④本发明提供的防水按键结构总成还在第一半径孔道与轴部之间形成设有过盈套设在轴部外周的密封胶圈，用以提升壳体的密闭性， 防止外侧水进入到壳体内部；
⑤本发明提供的防水按键结构总成还设有功能基座，该功能基座具有与上表面凹槽形状适配的抵挡位以及与轴部半径适配的开孔，弹簧以自身应力施力抵挡部并通过抵挡部紧密抵接上壳体上表面，从而进一步增强了壳体的密闭性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本发明的按键结构总成的侧面结构示意图；
图2为本发明的按键结构总成的分解结构示意图；
主要元件符号说明：
1：壳体；11：上壳体；111：通孔；112：凹槽；12：下壳体；2：按键本体；21：按压部；22：轴部；3：弹性件；4：开关控制电路；41：开关元件；42：电路板；5：第一密封胶圈；6：功能基座；7：卡簧；8：第二密封胶圈；9：引线；10：防水胶。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
目前很多防水电子产品并未实现按键结构完全的防水封闭，往往 直接与电子端接合，这种半开放式的结构不能使得按键独立化，不仅临接处容易发生进水问题，且更换按键的成本较高。此外常规的防水按键通常采用橡胶材料并利用材料本身的弹性以实现按键的嵌入与复位，这种按键机制易导致材料疲劳而影响使用感；或是采用防水触控面板用以通过触摸改变面板电流进而实现按键功能，但是这种机制如处于水下环境，可能会因为水压和水流动向的联合作用造成误触操作，使得按键感应灵敏度和准确度下降。
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种全封闭式独立的按键结构总成，通过按压“按键”，能够触发开关元件将信号通过线束传递至控制器，开关元件及与开关元件电性连接的电路板一体配置在密封壳体内，使得有效将按键电气元件与水环境隔离开，具有良好的封闭性；此外，独立的按键结构不需电子设备的壳体构成按键组配件，具体的结构如图1-2所示，包括按键本体(2)、壳体(1)、弹性件(3)以及开关控制电路(4)，此处的壳体并非电子设备的壳体，而是属于按键结构总成一部分的独立壳体；开关控制电路(4)配置于壳体(1)内，包括开关元件(41)及与开关元件(41)电性连接的电路板(42)；壳体(1)包括上壳体(11)及可拆卸式连接在上壳体(11)并在下方形成可封闭容置空间的下壳体(12)；按键本体(2)具有按压部(21)及一体成型在按压部(21)下端的轴部(22)，按压部(21)暴露在壳体(1)外侧并于下侧连接一弹性件(3)挠性连接在上壳体(11)上表面，轴部(22)穿过上壳体(11)的一通孔(111)，通孔(111)与轴部(22)的半径相适配并与该开关元件(41)相对准，当施力于该按压部时，该按压部对抗弹性件应力并联动轴部向下机械延伸、触动该开关元件。 因此，独立的按键结构保证了在更换按键时，无需连同电子设备壳体一同拆卸，有效降低了维修成本，并且由于对壳体依赖性的降低，按键的独立设置特别适用于水下环境，而无需考虑与壳体的接合密封性等，降低了生产成本及装配成本；并且本发明提供的防水按键结构总成为全机械人力制动，非常适合水下环境，能够有效避免因水流情况造成的误触操作(实验人员在水下40米做了多组试验，并未出现误触情况)，从而在按键智控的操作功能上，保证了适用该防水按键结构总成的电子设备的可操作性及安全性。
如图2所示，为合理化结构以及控制成本，本实施例中上壳体(11)与下壳体(12)通过螺纹对对应匹配相连接，其相对侧设有对应匹配的螺纹对，上壳体(11)通过螺纹可拆卸式旋紧在下壳体(12)内侧。
本按键结构总成的机械制动选用弹性件作为中间支撑部件，连接按键帽与上壳体上表面，具体地如图1所示，本实施例中弹性件(3)选用半径略小于按键帽半径的弹簧，在所述上壳体(11)的上表面环圆周方向延伸设置有用于对应固定安装弹簧的凹槽(112)，当施力于所述按压部时，弹簧两端分别对应紧压在按键帽下表面及上壳体(11)的上表面凹槽(112)并被限位在该凹槽(112)内进而不易因作用力大小或方向不均衡造成弹簧移位问题。
为进一步提升结构密闭性，本发明提供的防水按键结构总成还在第一半径孔道与轴部之间形成设有过盈套设在轴部外周的第一密封胶圈(5)，用以提升壳体的气密性，防止外侧水进入到壳体内部，具体地，如图1所示，上壳体(11)的通孔(111)具有台阶式变径，包括第一半径孔道及第二半径孔道，第一半径孔道设置在上壳体(11)的 上表面且其孔道半径略宽于轴部(22)半径，从而在第一半径孔道与轴部(22)之间形成功能间隙，该功能间隙用于配置过盈套设在轴部(22)外周的第一密封胶圈(5)，第二半径孔道设置在上壳体(11)的下表面且其孔道半径与轴部(22)对应适配。为增加防水效果，在上壳体(11)上侧还该设有防水基座，该防水基座为一倒置盖体并覆盖在所述第一半径孔道及第一密封胶圈(5)上方，在其中心设有用于穿设轴部(22)且与所述轴部(22)半径适配的开孔。
为进一步提升密闭性，如图1-2所示，本实施例中还在上壳体(11)上侧还盖设有功能基座(6)，该功能基座(6)具有与上表面凹槽(112)形状适配的抵挡位以及与轴部(22)半径适配的开孔，在按键未受外力状态下，所述弹簧以自身应力施力抵挡部并通过抵挡部紧密抵接上壳体(11)上表面。此外，为稳固按键，在上壳体(11)下侧还有用于卡紧在轴部(22)底端外缘用以在轴部(22)法线方向限位的卡簧(7)。
为进一步提升气密性，在下壳体(12)上缘设有一具有预设厚度的第二密封胶圈(8)，当所述上壳体(11)与下壳体(12)旋合时，第二密封胶圈(8)分别受压抵接在以及下壳体(12)上缘与上壳体(11)下缘之间。本实施例中，如图1-2所示，该第二密封胶圈安装在下壳体上缘中部设置的凹槽内，在上下壳体旋合时，该第二密封胶圈下侧抵接下壳体凹槽，上侧与上壳体紧密接合并由上下壳体共同施加压力并紧密挤压于该凹槽内，从而增强按键结构密封防水的效果。
在装配时，首先将第一密封胶圈及功能基座(6)装配至上壳体(11)，然后弹簧从下方套进按键轴部(22)，将轴部(22)通过通孔 (111)穿设在上壳体(11)内侧，使得弹簧一端抵接按键本体(2)的按压部(21)，另一端抵接在上壳体(11)的上表面，并具有一定的形变量，最后将卡簧(7)在上壳体(11)下表面一侧卡紧按键轴部(22)的沟槽里，完成上壳体装配。这种装配方法简单且快速，有效缩短装配时间。
实施例2：
为提高按键结构的应用广泛性及密封度，本实施例在实施例1的基础上，在电路板(42)上连接有引线(9)，在下壳体(12)设有用于引线(9)穿出的出线孔，所述下壳体(12)内部还填充有用于固定开关元件(41)及电路板(42)的防水胶(10)。
具体地，先将开关控制电路(4)放入下壳体(12)，然后向壳体内注入防水胶(10)，待防水胶干后，将第二密封胶圈安装至上壳体(11)的内侧，最后将上下壳体通过螺纹拧合并通过接合处的第二密封胶圈实现密封效果。
实施例3：
本实施例在实施例1-2的基础上，提供了一种电子设备，具有该按键结构总成。本实施例中电子设备为船只，船只船体设有与所述按键结构总成适配的安装槽，所述按键结构总成用于启动及控制船只。
实施例4：
本实施例提供了一种按键结构总成的装配方法，此装配方法步骤 简便省时，有利于降低生产成本，便于工业化生产，从而获得成本低、质量高、性能稳定的按键产品，具体包括以下步骤：
第一步，壳体(1)包括上壳体(11)及可拆卸式连接在上壳体(11)并在下方形成可封闭容置空间的下壳体(12)，按键本体(2)具有按压部(21)及一体成型在按压部(21)下端的轴部(22)，轴部(22)套入一弹性件(3)使得按压部(21)于其下侧通过弹性件(3)挠性连接在上壳体(11)上表面；
第二步，将开关控制电路(4)配置于下壳体(1)内，向下壳体(12)内部注入用于固定开关控制电路(4)的防水胶(10)；
第三步，将上壳体与下壳体装配在一起，轴部(22)穿过上壳体(11)的一通孔(111)并与该开关元件(41)相对准，当施力于该按压部(21)时，该按压部(21)对抗弹性件(3)应力并联动轴部(22)向下机械延伸、触动该开关元件(41)。
以上对本发明所提供的按键结构总成、装配方法及具有该按键结构总成的电子设备进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想和方法，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种按键结构总成，其特征在于，包括壳体(1)、按键本体(2)、弹性件(3)以及开关控制电路(4)；
    开关控制电路(4)配置于壳体(1)内，包括开关元件(41)及与开关元件(41)电性连接的电路板(42)；
    壳体(1)包括上壳体(11)及可拆卸式连接在上壳体(11)并在下方形成可封闭容置空间的下壳体(12)；
    按键本体(2)具有按压部(21)及一体成型在按压部(21)下端的轴部(22)，按压部(21)暴露在壳体(1)外侧并于下侧连接一弹性件(3)挠性连接在上壳体(11)上表面，轴部(22)穿过上壳体(11)的一通孔(111)并与该开关元件(41)相对准，当施力于该按压部(21)时，该按压部(21)对抗弹性件(3)应力并联动轴部(22)向下机械延伸、触动该开关元件(41)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的按键结构总成，其特征在于，所述上壳体(11)与所述下壳体(12)相对侧设有对应匹配的螺纹对，上壳体(11)通过螺纹可拆卸式旋紧在下壳体(12)内侧。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的按键结构总成，其特征在于，所述按压部(21)为圆形按键帽，所述弹性件(3)为半径略小于按键帽半径的弹簧，在所述上壳体(11)的上表面环圆周方向延伸设置有用于对应固定安装弹簧的凹槽(112)，当施力于所述按压部(21)时，弹簧两端分别对应紧压在按键帽下表面及上壳体(11)的上表面凹槽(112)。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的按键结构总成，其特征在于，在所述上壳体(11)上侧还盖设有功能基座(6)，该功能基座(6)具有与上表面凹槽(112)形状适配的抵挡位(61)以及与轴部(22)适配的开孔(62)， 在按键未受外力状态下，所述弹性件(3)以自身应力施力抵挡部并通过抵挡部抵接上壳体(11)上表面。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的按键结构总成，其特征在于，所述上壳体(11)的通孔(111)具有台阶式变径，包括第一半径孔道及第二半径孔道，第一半径孔道设置在上壳体(11)的上表面且其孔道半径略宽于轴部(22)半径，从而在第一半径孔道与轴部(22)之间形成功能间隙，该功能间隙用于配置过盈套设在轴部(22)外周的第一密封胶圈(5)，第二半径孔道设置在上壳体(11)的下表面且其孔道半径与轴部(22)对应适配。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的按键结构总成，其特征在于，在所述上壳体(11)上侧还该设有防水基座，该防水基座为一倒置盖体并覆盖在所述第一半径孔道及第一密封胶圈(5)上方，在其中心设有用于穿设轴部(22)且与所述轴部(22)半径适配的开孔。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的按键结构总成，其特征在于，在所述上壳体(11)下侧还有用于卡紧在所述轴部(22)底端外缘用以在轴部(22)法线方向限位的卡簧(7)。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的按键结构总成，其特征在于，在所述下壳体(12)上缘设有一具有预设厚度的第二密封胶圈(8)，当所述上壳体(11)与下壳体(12)旋合时，第二密封胶圈(8)分别受压抵接在下壳体(12)上缘与上壳体(11)下缘之间。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的按键结构总成，其特征在于，所述电路板(42)还连接有引线(9)，在所述下壳体(12)设有用于引线(9)穿出的出线孔，所述下壳体(12)内部还填充有用于固定开关元件(41) 及电路板(42)的防水胶(10)。
  10. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，具有如权利要求1-9任一项所述的按键结构总成。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备为船只，所述按键结构总成用于启动和/或控制船只。
  12. 一种按键结构总成的装配方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    第一步，壳体(1)包括上壳体(11)及可拆卸式连接在上壳体(11)并在下方形成可封闭容置空间的下壳体(12)，按键本体(2)具有按压部(21)及一体成型在按压部(21)下端的轴部(22)，轴部(22)套入一弹性件(3)使得按压部(21)于其下侧通过弹性件(3)挠性连接在上壳体(11)上表面；
    第二步，将开关控制电路(4)配置于下壳体(1)内，向下壳体(12)内部注入用于固定开关控制电路(4)的防水胶(10)；
    第三步，将上壳体与下壳体装配在一起，轴部(22)穿过上壳体(11)的一通孔(111)并与该开关元件(41)相对准，当施力于该按压部(21)时，该按压部(21)对抗弹性件(3)应力并联动轴部(22)向下机械延伸、触动该开关元件(41)。
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