WO2020166535A1 - 蚊類防除用エアゾール、及び蚊類防除方法 - Google Patents
蚊類防除用エアゾール、及び蚊類防除方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020166535A1 WO2020166535A1 PCT/JP2020/004980 JP2020004980W WO2020166535A1 WO 2020166535 A1 WO2020166535 A1 WO 2020166535A1 JP 2020004980 W JP2020004980 W JP 2020004980W WO 2020166535 A1 WO2020166535 A1 WO 2020166535A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
- A01N25/06—Aerosols
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P17/00—Pest repellants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
- B65D83/14—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
- B65D83/16—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant characterised by the actuating means
- B65D83/20—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant characterised by the actuating means operated by manual action, e.g. button-type actuator or actuator caps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
- B65D83/14—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents for delivery of liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant for a product delivered by a propellant
- B65D83/28—Nozzles, nozzle fittings or accessories specially adapted therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention is an aerosol stock solution containing a pest control component and an organic solvent, and a pressure-resistant container in which a propellant is enclosed, a constant-quantity injection valve assembled at the mouth of the pressure-resistant container, and an injection port connected to the constant-quantity injection valve.
- the present invention relates to a mosquito control aerosol provided with a spray button provided with, and a mosquito control method using the same.
- a method for exterminating flying pests for example, a method of evaporating a drug from a carrier impregnated with a drug containing an insecticidal component into a processing space, a method of directly spraying a drug to a flying pest, a place where a flying pest is likely to appear
- a method of spraying a drug in advance.
- an aerosol insecticide containing an insecticidal component has been developed as a product for exterminating flying pests that enter indoors. Aerosol insecticides are widely used as easy-to-use products because they can easily spray insecticidal components into the treatment space.
- Patent Document 1 Regard aerosol insecticides, there has been one that suppresses a decrease in the residual rate of the drug in the air in the room (for example, refer to Patent Document 1). According to Patent Document 1, after releasing the drug, the drug is kept in the air to suppress a decrease in the airborne concentration, whereby a sufficient exterminating effect on mosquitoes hidden in the shade can be maintained. There is.
- Patent Document 2 is an aerosol insecticide based on the same technical idea as Patent Document 1, and is intended to enhance the insecticidal effect against mosquitoes by allowing the drug to remain in the air of the room as long as possible.
- the present inventors have used at least one pest controlling component selected from the group consisting of metofluthrin, profluthrin and transfluthrin, and using a solvent.
- a lower alcohol having 2 to 3 carbon atoms is used, the jetting force, the particle size distribution of the spray particles, and the adhesion efficiency of the spray particles to the floor and wall surfaces in the room are specified, and the processing space is maintained for 5 to 12 hours. Therefore, a method for controlling insect pests by means of a fixed-quantity injection type aerosol has been developed, which is capable of controlling both flying pests and crawling pests (see Patent Document 4).
- JP 2001-17055 A JP, 2013-99336, A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-328913 Japanese Patent No. 5517496
- the aerosol insecticide of Patent Document 1 With the aerosol insecticide of Patent Document 1, it has been attempted to lengthen the time that the drug remains in the air by adjusting the particle size of the drug that diffuses indoors, and to extend the duration of the drug.
- the residual rate in the air of the drug particles for 12 hours or more from the start of the treatment is 0.5% or higher, and the aerosol insecticide of Patent Document 1 aiming at maintaining the residual rate in the air has a limited duration. is there.
- the residual rate in the air of the drug particles is the same as that in Patent Document 1, and it is not an aerosol insecticide which can be expected to have a long-term duration.
- mosquitoes to be controlled including not only ordinary mosquitoes such as Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus, but also chironomids and Drosophilidae belonging to the suborder Mosquitoes
- Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus are blood-sucking animals.
- mosquitoes are flying pests that enter indoors day and night, ideally an insecticide that is effective all day, that is, having a duration of 24 hours, is effective.
- the lower alcohol having 2 to 3 carbon atoms which is used as a solvent in the pest control method of Patent Document 4, has higher quick-drying property than other solvents such as higher fatty acid ester, and volatilizes quickly after injection to form particles in the injection particles. It is a highly useful solvent in a metered-injection type aerosol because the concentration of the harmful insect control component is increased and the control effect is improved. However, the pest control effect of the aerosol pesticide used in the pest control method of Patent Document 4 lasts only about 12 hours. In addition, the inventors of the present invention have made various studies on a fixed-quantity-injection type aerosol using 2-3 lower alcohols as a solvent. Therefore, the aerosol insecticide of Patent Document 4 still has room for improvement.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and while improving the operation stability of the quantitative injection valve after repeated use, among flying pests, in particular, has a long excellent control effect against mosquitoes.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a mosquito control aerosol that can be exerted over time and has a reduced effect on human bodies and pets, and a mosquito control method using the mosquito control aerosol.
- a metering valve having a valve mechanism including a stem, a stem rubber, and a spring, and a housing accommodating the valve mechanism, and being assembled in the mouth portion of the pressure vessel.
- An injection button provided with an injection port connected to the fixed quantity injection valve,
- An aerosol for controlling mosquitoes comprising: The volume ratio (a/b) of the aerosol stock solution (a) and the propellant (b) is 6/94 to 50/50,
- the material of the stem rubber is acrylonitrile butadiene rubber,
- the spring is a reinforced spring,
- the injection volume when the injection button is pressed once is 0.1 to 1.0 mL,
- the particle size of the sprayed particles sprayed from the spray port is that the 90% particle size in a volume cumulative distribution at 25° C. and a spraying distance of 15 cm is 10 to 80 ⁇ m.
- mosquitoes typified by mosquitoes are more likely to stay on a wall surface or the like than to fly. It turned out to be longer. In other words, most of the mosquitoes that have invaded indoors remain on the walls, etc., indicating that they have an opportunity to suck blood. Therefore, the conventional method of prolonging the floating time of the drug particles in the treatment space can exert a certain effect on the control of mosquitoes in flight, but it does not stop on the wall surface. The effect of the drug cannot be sufficiently exerted on the mosquitoes that are living, resulting in incomplete control of the mosquitoes.
- the sprayed particles when the aerosol undiluted solution is sprayed into the processing space, the sprayed particles have exposed particles in the processing space (for example, floor surfaces and wall surfaces existing in the processing space, furniture, etc.). It moved to the surface of the structure, etc.) so as to adhere to the exposed part. With this, it is possible to effectively knock down or kill both the mosquitoes that remain on the exposed part and the mosquitoes that fly in the treatment space, and improve the control effect of the entire mosquito. it can.
- exposed particles in the processing space for example, floor surfaces and wall surfaces existing in the processing space, furniture, etc.
- the inventors of the present invention have diligently studied, and use transfluthrin and/or metofluthrin as a pest control component, and use an undiluted aerosol solution using a lower alcohol and/or a hydrocarbon solvent as an organic solvent. It was found that the formation of particles suitable for controlling mosquitoes would be advantageous. In this case, the effect of the pest control component contained in the spray particles can be exhibited reliably and efficiently. Further, the aerosol stock solution can be easily prepared.
- the volume ratio (a/b) of the aerosol stock solution (a) and the propellant (b) is 6/94 to 50/50, and the injection volume when the injection button is pressed once is 0.1 to 1.
- the volume is adjusted to 0 mL, the spray particles quickly move and adhere to the exposed portion in the processing space. As a result, the mosquitoes remaining on the exposed part can be knocked down or killed reliably by the pest controlling component.
- the particle size of the spray particles is formed so that the 90% particle size in the volume cumulative distribution at 25° C. and a spray distance of 15 cm is in the range of 10 to 80 ⁇ m. Within such a range, the mosquitoes remaining on the exposed part can be knocked down or killed by the pest controlling component without fail.
- the mosquito control aerosol quantitative injection valve of the present invention has a valve mechanism including a stem, a stem rubber and a spring, and a housing for housing the valve mechanism, and the material of the stem rubber is acrylonitrile butadiene rubber,
- the reinforced spring as the spring, the operational stability of the fixed quantity injection valve is improved, and the returning state of the pressed injection button is good even after repeatedly using the mosquito control aerosol.
- the reinforcing spring is preferably a spring having a spring constant of 3.3 N/mm or more.
- the mosquito control aerosol of this configuration by adopting a spring having a spring constant of 3.3 N/mm or more, the operation stability of the metering injection valve is further improved, and the mosquito control aerosol is injected. Even if the button is repeatedly pressed many times, the button reliably returns to its original state, so that the quality and performance of the aerosol can be maintained for a long time.
- the pest controlling component is preferably transfluthrin.
- the mosquito control aerosol of this constitution when the pest control component is transfluthrin, the mosquito can be controlled more effectively.
- the residual rate of the pest control component in the air after 2 hours is 0.05 to 5%, and the effect duration of the pest control component is 33.3 m. It is preferably 18 hours or more for a space of 3 or less.
- the mosquito control aerosol of this constitution when the aerosol undiluted solution is sprayed once into the treatment space, the residual rate in the air (in the treatment space) of the pest control component after 2 hours is 0.05 to 5%. Yes, and the effect duration of the pest control component is adjusted to be 18 hours or more for a space of 33.3 m 3 or less, so that the sprayed particles sprayed in the processing space are exposed. Quickly move to and adhere to the area. On the other hand, the spray particles floating in the processing space are reduced by the amount of the spray particles attached to the exposed portion.
- the mosquito control aerosol of the present invention does not diffuse the undiluted aerosol solution into the entire treatment space like the conventional product, the risk of affecting the human body or pet is significantly reduced as compared with the conventional product.
- the pest controlling component of the sprayed particles floating in the treatment space can also exert an effect of knocking down or killing mosquitoes flying in the treatment space.
- the pest control effect can be maintained for 18 hours or more in a space of 33.3 m 3 or less by only injecting the undiluted aerosol solution into the treatment space only once. As a result, it is possible to maintain a comfortable space that keeps out pests for most of the day.
- the 90% particle size in a volume cumulative distribution at 25° C. and a spray distance of 15 cm is preferably 25 to 70 ⁇ m.
- the spray particles are adjusted to the above-mentioned optimum range, so that the spray particles move more quickly and adhere to the exposed portion in the processing space. Therefore, the mosquitoes remaining on the exposed part can be knocked down or killed more reliably.
- the ejection volume when the ejection button is pressed once is preferably 0.1 to 0.2 mL.
- the mosquito control aerosol of this configuration by adjusting the injection volume to the above-mentioned optimum range, the injected particles are present in a more suitable state, and the effect of the pest control component is maximized. Can be demonstrated.
- the amount of the pest controlling component sprayed when the spray button is pressed once is preferably 5.0 to 30 mg per treatment space of 18.8 to 33.3 m 3 .
- the injection amount of the pest control component when the injection button is pressed once is adjusted so as to fall within the above-mentioned optimum range, and thus the injection particles are treated quickly. It moves and adheres to the exposed part in the space. As a result, the mosquitoes remaining on the exposed part can be knocked down or killed reliably by the pest controlling component.
- the organic solvent is preferably a lower alcohol having 2 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the effect of the pest control component can be more efficiently exhibited when the organic solvent is a lower alcohol having 2 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the undiluted aerosol solution contains a higher fatty acid ester having 13 to 20 carbon atoms and/or a glycol having 3 to 6 carbon atoms as a transfluthrin sensitivity lowering auxiliary agent.
- higher fatty acid esters having 13 to 20 carbon atoms and/or glycols having 3 to 6 carbon atoms reduce the sensitivity when used in combination with transfluthrin. Since it acts as a coping aid, it can exert a high control effect even on mosquitoes whose sensitivity to transfluthrin is reduced.
- Characteristic configuration of the mosquito control method according to the present invention for solving the above problems It is to knock down or kill mosquitoes by injecting the undiluted aerosol solution into the treatment space using the mosquito control aerosol described in any one of the above.
- the mosquito control method of this configuration is carried out by using the mosquito control aerosol of the present invention, the excellent mosquito control effect as described above can be achieved.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a metered injection valve included in a mosquito control aerosol according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a model diagram showing the behavior of ejected particles when the undiluted aerosol solution is ejected into the processing space.
- the mosquito control aerosol of the present invention is an aerosol stock solution containing transfluthrin and/or metofluthrin, which are pest control components, and a lower alcohol and/or a hydrocarbon solvent used as an organic solvent, and a propellant is enclosed.
- transfluthrin and/or metofluthrin which are pyrethroid compounds
- transfluthrin and metofluthrin have optical isomers and geometric isomers based on asymmetric carbon, and these are also included in the present invention.
- a preferred pest control ingredient is transfluthrin.
- Transfluthrin can deal with flying insect pests with reduced sensitivity to pyrethroid compounds more advantageously than metofluthrin or profluthrin. Therefore, when transfluthrin is used as a pest control component, the mosquito control aerosol of the present invention has a relatively small reduction in the control effect against flying insects of the pyrethroid-resistant strain.
- the content of the pest control component in the aerosol stock solution is 1.0 to 60 wt% in consideration of being sprayed into the treatment space after being dissolved in a lower alcohol and/or a hydrocarbon solvent used as an organic solvent. % Is preferable. Within such a range, the pest control component is easily dissolved in a lower alcohol and/or a hydrocarbon solvent (organic solvent), and when the aerosol stock solution is jetted, jet particles are formed in an optimum state, The effect of the pest controlling component can be exhibited. If the content of the pest control ingredient in the aerosol undiluted solution is less than 1.0% by weight, the pest control ingredient cannot be effectively exerted and the mosquito control effect becomes insufficient. On the other hand, when the content of the pest control component in the aerosol stock solution exceeds 60% by weight, the concentration of the pest control component becomes high, and it becomes difficult to properly prepare the aerosol stock solution.
- the pest control component contained in the mosquito control aerosol of the present invention is transfluthrin and/or metofluthrin, but in addition to this, profluthrin, mepafluthrin, empentrin, dimefluthrin, monfluorothrin, hepta.
- the pest control component is preferably adjusted so that the residual ratio in the air (in the processing space) after 2 hours is 0.05 to 5% when the aerosol stock solution is injected once into the processing space.
- the air residual ratio is the ratio of the number of particles (Q) existing in the processing space after a predetermined time has elapsed to the number of particles (P) existing in the processing space immediately after injection, that is, Q/P ⁇ 100(%).
- the injection amount of the aerosol stock solution is as a transfluthrin injection amount of 18.8 to 33.3 m 3 in the processing space (area 7.5 to 13.3 m 2 and height 2.2 to 3.0 m 4.5. (Corresponding to a room of up to 8 tatami mats), it is preferable to adjust to 5.0 to 30 mg. Within such a range, spray particles are optimally formed from the aerosol stock solution, and the pest control effect can be exhibited. Moreover, even if the residual ratio in the air is relatively low as described above, it is possible to effectively knock down or kill mosquitoes. Furthermore, even if a person or pet in the processing space inhales, there is no risk of affecting the human body or pet and it can be used safely.
- the main component of the undiluted aerosol solution contains an organic solvent in addition to the above-mentioned pest control components.
- the organic solvent one that can dissolve the above-mentioned pest controlling components to prepare an aerosol stock solution, and can form optimum spray particles when the prepared aerosol stock solution is sprayed into the treatment space is used.
- a lower alcohol and/or a hydrocarbon solvent is used as the organic solvent.
- the lower alcohol preferably has 2 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of the lower alcohol having 2 to 3 carbon atoms include ethanol, normal propanol and isopropanol (IPA). Examples of the hydrocarbon solvent include normal paraffin and isoparaffin.
- lower alcohols having 2 to 3 carbon atoms are preferable, and ethanol is particularly preferable.
- Lower alcohols having 2 to 3 carbon atoms have high quick-drying property and volatilize quickly after spraying, so the concentration of harmful insect control components in the sprayed particles increases, forming particles suitable for controlling mosquitoes and included in sprayed particles. The effect of the pest controlling component can be exhibited reliably and efficiently. Further, the aerosol stock solution can be easily prepared. It is also possible to further mix glycol ethers or the like as the organic solvent.
- a higher fatty acid ester having 13 to 20 carbon atoms and/or a glycol having 3 to 6 carbon atoms to the undiluted aerosol solution as an auxiliary agent for reducing the sensitivity of the pyrethroid compound.
- the higher fatty acid ester having 13 to 20 carbon atoms include isopropyl myristate (IPM), methyl myristate, hexyl laurate, isopropyl laurate and the like.
- glycols having 3 to 6 carbon atoms examples include 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,2-hexanediol and 1,6-hexanediol.
- the present inventors have found that the above-described higher fatty acid ester having 13 to 20 carbon atoms and glycols having 3 to 6 carbon atoms are specific to pests with reduced susceptibility to pyrethroid compounds, particularly to mosquitoes. It has been found that it is effective as an agent and can be used as a coping aid for reducing sensitivity. It is possible to enhance the usefulness by blending 2.0 to 20% by weight of these in the aerosol stock solution.
- the mosquito control aerosol of the present invention may contain a nonionic surfactant as a solubilizing aid in the aerosol stock solution.
- nonionic surfactants include ethers such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylamino ethers, and polyethylene glycol fatty acid.
- esters examples thereof include esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, fatty acid esters such as polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene styrenated phenol, polyalkalolamide of fatty acid, and the like, and among these, ethers are preferable.
- esters polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters
- fatty acid esters such as polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene styrenated phenol, polyalkalolamide of fatty acid, and the like, and among these, ethers are preferable.
- ethers are preferable.
- acaricide antifungal agent for fungi and fungi, antibacterial agent, bactericidal agent, fragrance, deodorant, stabilizer, antistatic agent, defoaming agent, excipient, synergy Agents and the like can also be appropriately mixed.
- the acaricide include 5-chloro-2-trifluoromethanesulfonamide methyl benzoate, phenyl salicylate, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutyl carbamate and the like.
- antifungal agents As antifungal agents, antibacterial agents, and bactericides, hinokitiol, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, triphorine, 3 -Methyl-4-isopropylphenol, ortho-phenylphenol and the like can be mentioned.
- fragrance orange oil, lemon oil, lavender oil, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, citronella oil, lime oil, yuzu oil, jasmine oil, cypress oil, green tea essential oil, limonene, ⁇ -pinene, linalool, geraniol, phenylethyl
- aromatic components such as alcohol, amylcinnamic aldehyde, cumin aldehyde, and benzyl acetate, and perfume components including green leaf alcohol and green leaf aldehyde called “green scent”.
- synergists include piperonyl butoxide, octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, and the like.
- Examples of the propellant used in the mosquito control aerosol of the present invention include liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), dimethyl ether (DME), liquefied gas such as hydrofluoroolefin, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, nitrous oxide, compressed air and the like. Examples include gas.
- LPG liquefied petroleum gas
- DME dimethyl ether
- gas such as hydrofluoroolefin
- nitrogen gas nitrogen gas
- carbon dioxide gas nitrous oxide
- compressed air compressed air and the like.
- gas gas.
- the above-mentioned propellants can be used alone or in a mixed state, but those containing LPG as a main component are easy to use.
- the mosquito control aerosol of the present invention is adjusted so that the volume ratio (a/b) of the undiluted aerosol solution (a) and the propellant (b) is 6/94 to 50/50.
- the volume ratio (a/b) of the undiluted aerosol solution (a) and the propellant (b) is 6/94 to 50/50.
- the volume ratio (a/b) is 6/94 and the proportion of the propellant (b) is increased, that is, when the propellant to be sealed in the pressure resistant container is increased, it is formed from the aerosol undiluted solution. Since the spray particles are made finer than necessary, the amount of spray particles attached to the exposed portion in the processing space is reduced. As a result, it may not be possible to reliably control mosquitoes remaining on the exposed part.
- the volume ratio (a/b) is 50/50 and the proportion of the propellant (b) is reduced, that is, when the propellant to be enclosed in the pressure resistant container is reduced in amount, the above-mentioned aerosol undiluted solution is injected. Since it is difficult to form the spray particles in the optimum range of, the sprayed spray particles immediately settle. Therefore, the amount of spray particles becomes insufficient, and it becomes difficult to knockdown or kill mosquitoes early.
- the mosquito control aerosol according to the present invention is mainly composed of a pressure resistant container (aerosol container), a metered injection valve, and an injection button.
- a pressure resistant container as described above, the pest control component, the organic solvent, the propellant, and other components to be blended as necessary are selected, and these are enclosed in a pressure resistant container having a metered injection valve attached to the mouth, and an injection port is provided.
- the aerosol product is completed by connecting the injection button to the metered injection valve.
- This aerosol product is the mosquito control aerosol of the present invention, which sprays the undiluted aerosol solution into the processing space as spray particles.
- the aerosol undiluted solution mainly contains a pest control component and an organic solvent, and is strictly different from the propellant, but the aerosol undiluted solution is released to the outside of the pressure resistant container at the same time as the propellant.
- the aerosol contents including the aerosol concentrate and the propellant may be treated as "aerosol concentrate”.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a metered injection valve 100 included in a mosquito control aerosol according to the present invention.
- the fixed quantity injection valve 100 is fixed to the mouth of the pressure resistant container and is connected to the injection button.
- the injection button is an operating part for injecting the aerosol stock solution, and the injection button is provided with an injection port through which the aerosol stock solution is jetted from the aerosol container to the outside (processing space).
- the constant quantity injection valve 100 includes a valve mechanism 10 including a stem 11, a stem rubber 12, and a spring 13, and a housing 20 that accommodates the valve mechanism 10.
- a reinforced spring is used as the spring 13.
- Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber is used as the material of the stem rubber 12.
- the lower alcohol having 2 to 3 carbon atoms which is used as an organic solvent in the mosquito control aerosol of the present invention, is quick-drying and volatilizes quickly after injection as compared with other solvents such as higher fatty acid ester.
- the concentration of pest control ingredients increases.
- it is a highly useful solvent in a fixed-quantity injection type aerosol, but it may affect the operational stability of the fixed-quantity injection valve after repeated use of the aerosol.
- Modification of the material of the stem rubber can be considered as a means for improving the operational stability of the metering valve after repeated use, but there are many factors for verifying the compatibility between the solvent and the stem rubber.
- the reinforced spring is preferably a spring having a spring constant of 3.3 N/mm or more.
- the spring constant is expressed by the following equation (1):
- Spring constant (N/mm) (lateral elastic coefficient ⁇ wire diameter to the fourth power)/(8 ⁇ effective number of windings ⁇ center diameter to the third power) (1)
- the spring having a spring constant of 3.3 N/mm or more include a reinforced spring manufactured by Mitani Valve Co., Ltd. (product number: SP-C321).
- the conventional spring product number: SP-C314.
- the wire diameter is ⁇ 0.55 mm
- the number of turns is 9 3/4.
- the reinforcing spring has a wire diameter increased from ⁇ 0.55 mm to ⁇ 0.6 mm to increase the spring pressure.
- the fixed quantity injection valve 100 when a predetermined amount of the undiluted aerosol solution is introduced into the fixed quantity chamber 21 from the pressure resistant container and the injection button of the mosquito control aerosol is pressed once, the fixed quantity injection valve 100 is operated by the pressure of the propellant.
- the aerosol stock solution in the fixed amount chamber 21 is activated, rises to the injection port, and is injected into the processing space.
- the injection volume of the aerosol stock solution at this time is adjusted to 0.1 to 1.0 mL, preferably 0.1 to 0.2 mL.
- the stem rubber made of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and the reinforced spring cooperate with each other to improve the operation stability of the metering valve and to further stabilize the injection volume of the undiluted aerosol solution.
- the spray particles formed from the sprayed aerosol stock solution can exhibit the optimum control effect in the processing space.
- the injection volume is less than 0.1 mL, the injection volume is too small and a small amount of the injection particles move to the exposed part in the processing space. Therefore, the amount of the injection particles adhering to the exposed part becomes insufficient, and It becomes difficult to knock down or kill dead mosquitoes. Further, since the total amount of the sprayed particles is small, the sprayed particles floating in the processing space are also small, and it is difficult to knock down or kill mosquitoes flying in the processing space.
- the spray amount of the pest controlling component is adjusted to 5.0 to 30 mg, preferably 6.1 to 25 mg, per the treatment space of 18.8 to 33.3 m 3 as described above.
- the space of 18.8 to 33.3 m 3 corresponds to a room of 4.5 to 8 tatami mats.
- the pest control effect is appropriately exerted, and mosquitoes in the treated space can be knocked down or killed with certainty.
- the amount of pest control component sprayed is less than 5.0 mg, the amount of sprayed particles attached to the exposed part in the treatment space is small, so the effect of the pest control component is inferior, and mosquitoes remaining on the exposed part are knocked down. Or, it becomes difficult to kill them.
- the mosquito control aerosol of the present invention has an ejection force of 0.3 to 20.0 g ⁇ f, preferably 0.3 to 10.0 g ⁇ f at 25° C. at a position 20 cm from the ejection port. Is adjusted. Within such a range, the spray particles sprayed from the spray port by one spray can quickly reach the exposed portion in the processing space, and the effect of the pest control component can be exerted. Such an ejection force can be appropriately adjusted depending on the composition of the aerosol stock solution, the internal pressure of the aerosol container, the shape of the ejection port, and the like. In this embodiment, the ejection force of the mosquito control aerosol was measured with a digital force gauge (FGC-0.5, manufactured by Nidec Shinpo Co., Ltd.).
- FGC-0.5 digital force gauge
- the diameter of the injection port is set to 0.2 to 1.0 mm.
- the particle size can be adjusted appropriately, and the spray force, spray particles are optimally formed from the aerosol undiluted solution sprayed in the treatment space, it is possible to exert a pest control effect, It is possible to surely knock down or kill mosquitoes in the treatment space.
- FIG. 2 is a model diagram showing the behavior of spray particles formed from the aerosol stock solution when the aerosol stock solution is jetted into the processing space.
- FIG. 2(a) is a model diagram when a mosquito control aerosol according to a conventional product is sprayed into a processing space
- FIG. 2(b) is a mosquito control aerosol according to the present invention is sprayed into a processing space. It is a model diagram when it does.
- the conventional mosquito control aerosol product hereinafter simply referred to as “conventional product” becomes a particle M having a particle diameter of less than 10 ⁇ m when the undiluted aerosol solution is injected into the treatment space. Diffuse into the processing space.
- the particles M are further diffused in the entire treatment space, and the pest controlling component is spread over the treatment space.
- the mosquitoes flying in the processing space can be knocked down or killed.
- mosquitoes stay in exposed areas in the treatment space for a longer time than in flying times. Cannot be knocked down or killed with certainty.
- the wind blows in by opening a window of the treatment space a part of the particles M suspended in the treatment space is washed away by the wind, and the effect of the pest control component is greatly reduced.
- the present inventors have developed a new mosquito control aerosol product that solves these problems.
- the characteristic spray particles in the mosquito control aerosol product according to the present invention will be described.
- [Injection particle] As shown in FIG. 2B, when the aerosol stock solution is sprayed once into the processing space, spray particles R are formed from the aerosol stock solution. The jetted particles R thus jetted quickly move and adhere to the exposed portion in the processing space.
- the ejected particles R among the ejected particles R, the ejected particles R attached to the exposed portion are referred to as particles X (indicated by white circles in FIG. 2B.
- the particle X will be referred to as “exposed among the ejected particles R. Means the sprayed particles R adhering to the part.).
- the ejected particles R that are not attached to the exposed portion and are floating in the processing space are referred to as particles Y (indicated by black circles in FIG. 2B).
- the preferable particle diameter for the ejected particles R to move and adhere to the exposed portion is 90% in a volume cumulative distribution at 25° C. and an ejection distance of 15 cm, and the particle diameter is 10 to 80 ⁇ m. .. Within such a range, the sprayed particles R sprayed into the processing space become particles X by reliably moving and adhering to the exposed portion in the processing space, as shown in FIG. 2B.
- the mosquitoes remaining on the exposed part can be knocked down or killed by the pest control component of the spray particles. Further, since it also has a pest control effect on mosquitoes that have entered the treatment space and are trying to stop at the exposed portion, it is possible to drive them out of the treatment space. If the particle diameter of the ejected particles R is less than 10 ⁇ m, the particle diameter is too small and the amount of the ejected particles R reaching the exposed portion is reduced. For this reason, it becomes difficult to control mosquitoes that have stopped or are trying to stop on the exposed part.
- the more preferable particle size of the sprayed particles R is 90% particle size 25 to 70 ⁇ m in a volume cumulative distribution at 25° C. and a spraying distance of 15 cm.
- the particle X is shown as a white circle and the particle Y is shown as a black circle in order to distinguish the particle X and the particle Y, but both particles are the same particle, and the ejected particle is the same. It is a particle derived from R.
- the 90% particle diameter of the spray particles of the mosquito control aerosol at 25° C. and the spray distance of 15 cm in a volume cumulative distribution was measured by Spraytec (STP5321, manufactured by Malvern).
- the preferable amount of the sprayed particles R attached to the exposed portion in the processing space is 0.01 to 0.4 mg per 1 m 2 of the exposed portion, and preferably 0.05 to 0.2 mg per 1 m 2. .. Within such a range, mosquitoes remaining on the exposed part can be effectively knocked down or killed. If the adhered amount is less than 0.01 mg per 1 m 2 , it is not possible to exert a sufficient control effect on mosquitoes remaining on the exposed part, and it becomes difficult to knock down or kill mosquitoes. On the other hand, even if the adhered amount exceeds 0.4 mg per 1 m 2 , the pest control effect is not significantly improved, and the amount of the undiluted aerosol solution used is too large, which is economically disadvantageous.
- the particle Y can also exert the pest control effect on mosquitoes, like the particle X described above.
- the particles Y cannot knock down or kill mosquitoes that remain on the exposed portion, but can effectively knock down or kill mosquitoes flying in the treatment space.
- it is also effective against mosquitoes that try to invade the processing space, it is possible to suppress invasion into the processing space.
- the sprayed particles R sprayed into the processing space exist in the state of particles X or particles Y, and by effectively utilizing each state, the mosquitoes in the processing space can be knocked down or killed effectively. You can
- the sprayed particles R quickly move to the exposed portion in the processing space, and the particles X in the adhered state and the processing without sticking to the exposed portion are processed.
- the particles Y float in the space. Even after a lapse of a short time after being sprayed once, the particles X remain attached to the exposed portion, and the mosquitoes remaining on the exposed portion can be knocked down or killed by the pest controlling component.
- the particles Y are evenly diffused throughout the treatment space, and the pest controlling component is gradually volatilized to knock down or kill mosquitoes flying in the treatment space. In addition, it is possible to prevent invasion of mosquitoes that try to enter the treatment space.
- the control component can ensure knockdown or kill.
- the sprayed particles R sprayed from the spray outlet are present in the optimum state (the state of the particles X and the particles Y), and exert the maximum pest control effect. be able to. Therefore, it can be said that it is a useful product capable of exerting an excellent control effect on both mosquitoes existing in the treatment space and mosquitoes trying to invade the treatment space.
- the mosquito control aerosol of the present invention unlike the conventional product, substantially all of the sprayed aerosol undiluted solution does not diffuse into the treatment space.
- the concentration of the pest control component that is, the pest control component by the particles Y
- diffused in the treatment space is reduced by the amount of the particles X. Therefore, the concentration of the treatment space is lower than that of the conventional product, the influence of the inhalation of the pest control component on the human body or pet is reduced, and the product can be provided as a safe product.
- the effect duration of the pest control component when the aerosol undiluted solution is sprayed once into the treatment space by the mosquito control aerosol of the present invention is preferably 18 hours or more, more preferably, for a space of 33.3 m 3 or less. 20 hours or more.
- the space of 33.3 m 3 or less includes the living room of 4.5 to 8 tatami mats (the ceiling height is 2.5 m). Therefore, with the mosquito control aerosol according to the present invention, the pest control effect can be maintained for about one day in a normal living space such as a general house. It is necessary to prevent mosquitoes from invading indoors day and night, and in particular, from being sucked at bedtime.
- the effect of the pest control component lasts for 20 hours or more. Therefore, for example, if it is sprayed once before going to bed at night, the effect will continue until the afternoon of the next day. And you can go to bed with peace of mind.
- the mosquito control method of the present invention is carried out using the above mosquito control aerosol.
- a fixed-quantity injection valve is provided in which an aerosol stock solution containing transfluthrin and/or metfluthrin, which are pest control components, and a lower alcohol and/or a hydrocarbon solvent used as an organic solvent, and a propellant is enclosed.
- the injection button provided with the injection port connected to the fixed amount injection valve is pressed once, the undiluted aerosol solution is ejected from the injection port as the injection particles R into the processing space (injection step).
- injection step As shown in FIG.
- the sprayed particles R quickly move to the exposed portion in the processing space and become stuck to the particles X, and in the processing space without adhering to the exposed portion.
- the particles Y are in a state of drifting.
- the particles X of the sprayed particles R are for knocking down or killing mosquitoes remaining on the wall surface, floor surface, surface of structures, etc. in the processing space, or against mosquitoes trying to stop at these locations. Also has an effect and drives it out of the processing space.
- the particles Y of the sprayed particles R can knock down or kill mosquitoes flying in the treatment space, and also have an effect on mosquitoes trying to invade the treatment space. Inhibits entry into the space.
- the pest control effect of the spray particles R as described above continues for a long time of 18 hours or more, preferably 20 hours or more in a space of 33.3 m 3 or less. After a lapse of a predetermined time, the aerosol undiluted solution may be sprayed again into the treatment space, whereby the mosquitoes can be knocked down or killed continuously.
- the mosquito control aerosol according to the present invention has, as described above, 18 hours or more, preferably 20 hours or more, that is, about 1 day in a space where the effect duration of the pest controlling component is 33.3 m 3 or less. .. Therefore, according to the mosquito control method that is executed using this mosquito control aerosol, the operation can be completed only by executing the injection step of injecting once a day at a predetermined time. In this way, anyone can easily inject the aerosol undiluted solution into the processing space and prevent the ejection timing from being missed.
- mosquito control aerosol of the present invention in order to confirm the operation stability of the quantitative injection valve after repeated use and the mosquito control effect, the mosquito control aerosol (Example 1 to Example 1) 13) was prepared and tested.
- mosquito control aerosols Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and Reference Examples 1 and 2 not having the characteristic constitution of the present invention were prepared and the same test was conducted.
- mosquito control aerosols were prepared under the composition and conditions shown in Table 1, and the tests shown below were conducted.
- IPM (15% by weight) was blended as a sensitivity lowering coping agent
- 1,3-butylene glycol (15% by weight) was blended as a sensitivity lowering coping agent.
- IPM (10% by weight) was added as a coping aid for reducing sensitivity.
- mosquito control aerosols were prepared under the compositions and conditions shown in Table 1, and the same tests as in Examples were conducted.
- acrylonitrile butadiene rubber was used as the material for the stem rubber of the metered injection valve.
- a conventional spring (“A” in Table 1, wire diameter 0.55 mm, transverse elastic coefficient 6.85 ⁇ 10 4 , center diameter 3. 15 mm, effective number of turns 7.75, spring constant 3.24 N/mm), in the mosquito control aerosols of Examples 1 to 13, Comparative Examples 3 to 6 and Reference Examples 1 and 2, the reinforced spring (Table 1) was used. “B” in the inside, wire diameter 0.6 mm, transverse elastic coefficient 6.85 ⁇ 10 4 , center diameter 3.2 mm, effective winding number 8, spring constant 4.23 N/mm) were used.
- Airborne residual ratio of sprayed particles A mosquito control aerosol was sprayed once obliquely upward toward the center of a completely closed room of 25 m 3 . 50cm behind the center of the room (130cm from the wall) and 120cm above the floor, install an air collection tube (glass tube filled with silica gel and filled with absorbent cotton) and connected to a vacuum pump for injection treatment. After a lapse of 2 hours, a predetermined amount of air was sucked. The air collection tube was washed with acetone, and the amount of the collected pest control components was analyzed by gas chromatography (Shimadzu Corporation, model GC1700). Based on the obtained analysis value, the aerial concentration (weight basis) of the pest controlling component was calculated, and the ratio to the theoretical aerial concentration was obtained as the aerial residual rate.
- Table 2 shows the test results of (1) to (3) above.
- Examples 1 to 13 show that the KT 50 value was significant 18 hours after the single injection of the mosquito control aerosol containing transfluthrin and/or metofluthrin as the pest control component. It was confirmed that the mosquito control effect was excellent as it was maintained at a high value.
- Example 1 using ethanol as the organic solvent, Example 4 using isopropanol as the organic solvent, and Example 10 using neothiozole as the organic solvent have the same amount of transfluthrin. Since the mosquito control effect of Examples 1 and 4 is excellent, and particularly the mosquito control effect of Example 1 is more excellent, a lower alcohol and/or a hydrocarbon is used as the organic solvent to be combined with the pest control component transfluthrin. It was found that among the system solvents, lower alcohols having 2 to 3 carbon atoms (ethanol or isopropanol) are effective, and of these, ethanol is more effective.
- Example 1 in which the coping aid for reducing sensitivity is not mixed and Examples 2 and 3 in which the coping agent for reducing sensitivity is mixed have the same transfluthrin content, but Examples 2 and 3
- the degree of reduction in the control efficacy was smaller than that in Example 1 as compared to the case of the pyrethroid-resistant strain of Culex pipiens pipiens vulgaris with reduced sensitivity to pyrethroid compounds. From this fact, it is considered that higher fatty acid esters such as isopropyl myristate and glycols having a carbon number of 3 to 6 such as 1,3-butylene glycol as a susceptibility reduction coping agent should be added to pyrethroid resistant strains.
- Comparative Example 3 in which methyl ethyl ketone was used as the organic solvent, the KT 50 value became 120 minutes or more 18 hours after the mosquito control aerosol was injected once, and the mosquito control effect was maintained for a long time. It didn't work. Comparative Examples 4 to 5 in which the volume ratio (a/b) of the aerosol undiluted solution (a) and the propellant (b) was out of the range of 6/94 to 50/50, and injection when the injection button was pressed once In Comparative Example 6 in which the volume is out of the range of 0.1 to 1.0 mL, the KT 50 value becomes 120 minutes or more 12 hours after the single injection of the mosquito control aerosol, and the control effect against mosquitoes is shown. It did not work for a long time.
- Valve mechanism 11 Stem 12 Stem rubber 13 Spring (reinforced spring) 20 housing 21 fixed quantity chamber 100 fixed quantity injection valve R sprayed particle X sprayed particle adhered to the exposed part Y sprayed particle floating in the processing space
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Abstract
Description
害虫防除成分であるトランスフルトリン及び/又はメトフルトリンと有機溶剤である低級アルコール及び/又は炭化水素系溶剤とを含有するエアゾール原液、及び噴射剤が封入される耐圧容器と、
ステムとステムラバーとスプリングとを含む弁機構、及び前記弁機構を収容するハウジングを有し、前記耐圧容器の口部に組み付けられる定量噴射バルブと、
前記定量噴射バルブに接続される噴射口が設けられた噴射ボタンと、
を備えた蚊類防除用エアゾールであって、
前記エアゾール原液(a)と前記噴射剤(b)との容量比率(a/b)は、6/94~50/50であり、
前記ステムラバーの材質は、アクリロニトリルブタジエンゴムであり、
前記スプリングは、強化スプリングであり、
前記噴射ボタンを1回押下したときの噴射容量が0.1~1.0mLであり、
前記噴射口から噴射される噴射粒子の粒子径は、25℃、噴射距離15cmにおける体積積算分布での90%粒子径が10~80μmであることにある。
前記強化スプリングは、バネ定数が3.3N/mm以上のスプリングであることが好ましい。
前記害虫防除成分は、トランスフルトリンであることが好ましい。
前記エアゾール原液を処理空間に1回噴射した場合、前記害虫防除成分の2時間経過後の気中残存率が0.05~5%であり、且つ前記害虫防除成分の効果持続時間が33.3m3以下の空間に対して18時間以上であることが好ましい。
前記噴射口から噴射される前記噴射粒子の粒子径は、25℃、噴射距離15cmにおける体積積算分布での90%粒子径が25~70μmであることが好ましい。
前記噴射ボタンを1回押下したときの噴射容量が0.1~0.2mLであることが好ましい。
前記噴射ボタンを1回押下したときの前記害虫防除成分の噴射量が18.8~33.3m3の処理空間あたり5.0~30mgであることが好ましい。
前記有機溶剤は、炭素数が2~3の低級アルコールであることが好ましい。
前記エアゾール原液は、トランスフルトリンの感受性低下対処助剤として、炭素数の総数が13~20の高級脂肪酸エステル及び/又は炭素数が3~6のグリコール類を含有することが好ましい。
前記の何れか一つに記載の蚊類防除用エアゾールを用いて前記エアゾール原液を処理空間に噴射して蚊類をノックダウン又は死滅させることにある。
[害虫防除成分]
エアゾール原液の主成分の一つである害虫防除成分としては、ピレスロイド系化合物に該当するトランスフルトリン及び/又はメトフルトリンを使用する。また、トランスフルトリン、メトフルトリンには、不斉炭素に基づく光学異性体や幾何異性体が存在するが、それらも本発明に含まれる。好ましい害虫防除成分は、トランスフルトリンである。トランスフルトリンは、ピレスロイド系化合物に対する感受性が低下した飛翔害虫に対しても、メトフルトリンやプロフルトリンに較べて有利に対処できる。そのため、害虫防除成分としてトランスフルトリンを使用した場合、本発明の蚊類防除用エアゾールは、ピレスロイド抵抗性系統の飛翔害虫に対しても、その防除効果の低下は比較的小さいものとなる。
エアゾール原液の主成分には、上記の害虫防除成分の他に有機溶剤が含まれる。有機溶剤は、上記の害虫防除成分を溶解してエアゾール原液を調製することができ、また、調製したエアゾール原液を処理空間に噴射したとき、最適な噴射粒子を形成し得るものが使用される。本発明の蚊類防除用エアゾールにおいては、有機溶剤として低級アルコール及び/又は炭化水素系溶剤が用いられる。低級アルコールは、炭素数が2~3のものが好ましい。炭素数が2~3の低級アルコールとしては、エタノール、ノルマルプロパノールやイソプロパノール(IPA)があげられる。炭化水素系溶剤としては、ノルマルパラフィンやイソパラフィンがあげられる。これらのうち、炭素数が2~3の低級アルコールが好適であり、エタノールが特に好適である。炭素数が2~3の低級アルコールは、速乾性が高く噴射後速やかに揮発するので噴射粒子中の害虫防除成分濃度が高まり、蚊類の防除に適した粒子を形成し、噴射粒子に含まれる害虫防除成分の効果を確実、且つ効率良く発揮させることができる。また、エアゾール原液の調製を容易に行うことができる。また、有機溶剤として、更に、グリコールエーテル類等を混合することも可能である。
エアゾール原液には、ピレスロイド系化合物の感受性低下対処助剤として、炭素数の総数が13~20の高級脂肪酸エステル、及び/又は炭素数が3~6のグリコール類を配合することが好ましい。炭素数の総数が13~20の高級脂肪酸エステルとしては、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル(IPM)、ミリスチン酸メチル、ラウリン酸ヘキシル、ラウリン酸イソプロピル等が挙げられる。炭素数が3~6のグリコール類としては、1,3-ブチレングリコール、1,4-ブチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、1,2-ヘキサンジオール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール等があげられる。本発明者らは、上記した炭素数の総数が13~20の高級脂肪酸エステルや炭素数が3~6のグリコール類が、ピレスロイド系化合物に対する感受性が低下した害虫、特に蚊類に対して特異的に有効で、その作用を感受性低下対処助剤として活用できることを見い出した。これらをエアゾール原液中に2.0~20重量%配合することは特に有用性を高め得るものである。なお、従来、ピレスロイド感受性の害虫に対し、その本来の殺虫効果を増強させる化合物を「効力増強剤」と称することが多いが、本明細書においては、感受性が低下した害虫を対象とした場合に防除効果の低下度合を軽減するような化合物を、従来の「効力増強剤」と区別し、「感受性低下対処助剤」と定義する。両者の作用メカニズムは明確に解明されているわけではないが、「効力増強剤」が必ずしも「感受性低下対処助剤」に該当するとは限らない。感受性低下対処助剤の配合量が2.0重量%未満であると、害虫防除効果の低下度合を小さくする効果が乏しくなる。一方、20重量%を超えて配合しても害虫防除効果が頭打ちとなるばかりか、エアゾール原液の性状に影響を及ぼす懸念がある。
本発明の蚊類防除用エアゾールは、上記成分に加え、エアゾール原液に可溶化助剤として非イオン系界面活性剤を添加することもできる。非イオン系界面活性剤として、例えば、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル類、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル類、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレンアルキルエーテル類、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミノエーテル類などのエーテル類、ポリエチレングリコール脂肪酸エステル類、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類、ポリオキシエチレングリセリン脂肪酸エステル類などの脂肪酸エステル類、ポリオキシエチレンスチレン化フェノール、脂肪酸のポリアルカロールアミド等が挙げられ、これらのうち、エーテル類を好適に使用することができる。
本発明の蚊類防除用エアゾールで用いる噴射剤としては、液化石油ガス(LPG)、ジメチルエーテル(DME)、ハイドロフルオロオレフィン等の液化ガス、窒素ガス、炭酸ガス、亜酸化窒素、圧縮空気等の圧縮ガスが挙げられる。上記の噴射剤は、単独又は混合状態で使用することができるが、LPGを主成分としたものが使い易い。
本発明に係る蚊類防除用エアゾールは、主に、耐圧容器(エアゾール容器)、定量噴射バルブ、及び噴射ボタンから構成されている。上記のように、害虫防除成分、有機溶剤、噴射剤、その他必要に応じて配合される成分を選択し、これらを口部に定量噴射バルブを組み付けた耐圧容器に封入し、噴射口が設けられた噴射ボタンを定量噴射バルブに接続することで、エアゾール製品が完成する。このエアゾール製品は、本発明の蚊類防除用エアゾールであり、処理空間にエアゾール原液を噴射粒子として噴射するものである。エアゾール原液は、主に、害虫防除成分と有機溶剤とを含むものであり、厳密には噴射剤とは別のものであるが、エアゾール原液は噴射剤と同時に耐圧容器の外部に放出されるため、以降の説明では、エアゾール原液及び噴射剤を含むエアゾール内容物を「エアゾール原液」として取り扱う場合がある。
図1は、本発明に係る蚊類防除用エアゾールが備える定量噴射バルブ100の断面図である。定量噴射バルブ100は、耐圧容器の口部に固着され、噴射ボタンに接続する。噴射ボタンは、エアゾール原液を噴射するための作動部であり、この噴射ボタンには、エアゾール原液がエアゾール容器から外部(処理空間)へ噴出する噴射口が設けられている。定量噴射バルブ100は、ステム11とステムラバー12とスプリング13とを含む弁機構10と、弁機構10を収容するハウジング20とを有する。スプリング13には、強化スプリングを採用する。また、ステムラバー12の材質として、アクリロニトリルブタジエンゴムを使用する。本発明の蚊類防除用エアゾールにおいて有機溶剤として用いる炭素数が2~3の低級アルコールは、高級脂肪酸エステル等の他の溶剤に較べると速乾性で噴射後速やかに揮発するので、噴射粒子中の害虫防除成分濃度がアップする。この点では、定量噴射タイプのエアゾールにおいて有用性の高い溶剤であるが、エアゾールの繰り返し使用後に、定量噴射バルブの作動安定性に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。繰り返し使用後の定量噴射バルブの作動安定性を向上する手段としては、ステムラバーの材料の改質が考えられるが、溶剤とステムラバーとの適合性を検証するには数多くのファクターが存在する。この点を考慮し、(1)ステムラバーの材料の改質に加えて、(2)構造仕様の変更にも着目して、ステムラバーの材質としてアクリロニトリルブタジエンゴムを使用し、また、スプリングとして強化スプリングを採用することによって、定量噴射バルブの作動安定性を向上できることを知見し、本発明を完成したものである。強化スプリングは、バネ定数が3.3N/mm以上のスプリングであることが好ましい。ここで、バネ定数は、以下の式(1):
バネ定数(N/mm)=(横弾性係数×線径の4乗)/(8×有効巻数×中心径の3乗) ・・・(1)
から算出することができる。バネ定数が3.3N/mm以上のスプリングとしては、例えば、株式会社三谷バルブ製の強化スプリング(品番:SP-C321)等が挙げられる。株式会社三谷バルブ発行のカタログによれば、従来スプリング(品番:SP-C314)は、材質がステンレス(SUS304)であり、線径がφ0.55mmであり、巻数が9 3/4であるのに対し、強化スプリングは、その線径をφ0.55mmからφ0.6mmに太くし、バネ圧が高められている。
図2(b)に示されるように、エアゾール原液を処理空間に1回噴射すると、エアゾール原液から噴射粒子Rが形成される。噴射された噴射粒子Rは、処理空間内の露出部に速やかに移動して付着する。ここで、噴射粒子Rのうち露出部に付着した状態の噴射粒子Rを粒子Xとする(図2(b)において白丸で示されている。以下、粒子Xは、「噴射粒子Rのうち露出部に付着した噴射粒子R」を意味するものとする。)。一方、露出部に付着せず、処理空間中に漂っている状態の噴射粒子Rを粒子Yとする(図2(b)において黒丸で示されている。以下、粒子Yは、「噴射粒子Rのうち露出部に付着せず、処理空間中に漂っている噴射粒子R」を意味するものとする。)。噴射粒子Rが露出部に移動して付着する(つまり、粒子Xとして存在する)ための好ましい粒子径は、25℃、噴射距離15cmにおける体積積算分布での90%粒子径が10~80μmである。このような範囲であれば、処理空間に噴射された噴射粒子Rは、図2(b)に示されるように、処理空間内の露出部に確実に移動して付着し、粒子Xとなる。その結果、露出部に止まっている蚊類を噴射粒子の害虫防除成分によってノックダウン又は死滅させることができる。また、処理空間内に侵入し、露出部に止まろうとしている蚊類に対しても害虫防除効果を奏するため、処理空間外へ追い出すことも可能となる。噴射粒子Rの粒子径が10μm未満であると、粒子径が小さ過ぎて露出部まで到達する噴射粒子Rの量が低減することとなる。このため、露出部に止まっている、あるいは、止まろうとしている蚊類を防除することが困難となる。一方、粒子径が80μmを超えると、粒子径が大き過ぎて噴射粒子Rの挙動をコントロールし難くなり、露出部に適切に付着させることが困難となる。噴射粒子Rのより好ましい粒子径は、25℃、噴射距離15cmにおける体積積算分布での90%粒子径25~70μmである。なお、図2(b)では、説明の便宜上、粒子Xと粒子Yとを区別するために粒子Xを白丸、粒子Yを黒丸で示したが、どちらの粒子も同一の粒子であり、噴射粒子Rに由来する粒子である。なお、本実施形態では、蚊類防除用エアゾールの噴射粒子の25℃、噴射距離15cmにおける体積積算分布での90%粒子径を、スプレーテック(STP5321、Malvern社製)により測定した。
本発明の蚊類防除方法は、上記の蚊類防除用エアゾールを用いて実行される。まず、害虫防除成分であるトランスフルトリン及び/又はメトフルトリンと、有機溶剤として用いる低級アルコール及び/又は炭化水素系溶剤とを含有するエアゾール原液、及び噴射剤を封入してなる定量噴射バルブが設けられた耐圧容器において、定量噴射バルブに接続される噴射口が設けられた噴射ボタンを1回押すと、エアゾール原液が噴射口から噴射粒子Rとして処理空間へ噴射される(噴射工程)。このとき、図2(b)に示されるように、噴射粒子Rは、迅速に処理空間内の露出部に移動し、付着した状態となる粒子X、及び露出部に付着せずに処理空間中を漂う状態の粒子Yとなる。噴射粒子Rのうち粒子Xは、処理空間内の壁面や床面、構造物等の表面に止まっている蚊類をノックダウン又は死滅させ、あるいは、これらの場所に止まろうとする蚊類に対しても効果を奏し、処理空間外へ追い出す。一方、噴射粒子Rのうち粒子Yは、処理空間を飛んでいる蚊類をノックダウン又は死滅させることができ、また、処理空間内に侵入しようとする蚊類に対しても効果を奏し、処理空間内への侵入を抑制する。上記のような噴射粒子Rの害虫防除効果は、33.3m3以下の空間に対して18時間以上、好ましくは20時間以上の長時間に亘って持続する。所定の時間が経過した後は、再度、エアゾール原液を処理空間に噴射すればよく、これにより、継続的に蚊類をノックダウン又は死滅させることができる。
供試蚊類防除用エアゾールにつき、繰り返し使用して噴射ボタンの戻り状態を調べ、繰り返し使用後の定量噴射バルブの作動安定性を以下の評価基準により評価した。
a:20回以上使用後も噴射ボタンの戻り状態に変化なし
b:3~7回使用後に噴射ボタンの戻り状態が悪化
c:1~2回使用後に噴射ボタンの戻り状態が非常に悪化
閉めきった25m3の部屋の中央で蚊類防除用エアゾールを斜め上方に向けて1回噴射し、この直後、アカイエカ雌成虫50匹を放ち、2時間暴露させた後、全ての供試蚊を回収した。その間、時間経過に伴い落下仰転したアカイエカ雌成虫を数え、KT50値(分)を求めた。同じ部屋で、蚊類防除用エアゾールを1回噴射してから、12時間後、及び18時間後について同様の操作を行った。実施例1~10、比較例1~6及び参考例1~2では、アカイエカ雌成虫は、ピレスロイド感受性系統及びピレスロイド抵抗性系統の2種類を用いた。実施例11~13では、アカイエカ雌成虫は、ピレスロイド感受性系統のみを用いた。
閉めきった25m3の部屋の中央に向けて蚊類防除用エアゾールを斜め上方に向けて1回噴射した。部屋の中央より50cm後方(壁面から130cm)、床上120cmの位置に空気捕集管(ガラス管にシリカゲルを充填し、両端を脱脂綿で詰めたもの)を設置し、真空ポンプに接続して噴射処理から2時間経過した後に所定量の空気を吸引した。空気捕集管をアセトンで洗浄し、捕集された害虫防除成分量をガスクロマトグラフィー(株式会社島津製作所製、型式GC1700)により分析した。得られた分析値に基づき、害虫防除成分の気中濃度(重量ベース)を算出し、理論上の気中濃度に対する比率を気中残存率として求めた。
11 ステム
12 ステムラバー
13 スプリング(強化スプリング)
20 ハウジング
21 定量室
100 定量噴射バルブ
R 噴射粒子
X 露出部に付着した噴射粒子
Y 処理空間中に漂っている噴射粒子
Claims (10)
- 害虫防除成分であるトランスフルトリン及び/又はメトフルトリンと有機溶剤である低級アルコール及び/又は炭化水素系溶剤とを含有するエアゾール原液、及び噴射剤が封入される耐圧容器と、
ステムとステムラバーとスプリングとを含む弁機構、及び前記弁機構を収容するハウジングを有し、前記耐圧容器の口部に組み付けられる定量噴射バルブと、
前記定量噴射バルブに接続される噴射口が設けられた噴射ボタンと、
を備えた蚊類防除用エアゾールであって、
前記エアゾール原液(a)と前記噴射剤(b)との容量比率(a/b)は、6/94~50/50であり、
前記ステムラバーの材質は、アクリロニトリルブタジエンゴムであり、
前記スプリングは、強化スプリングであり、
前記噴射ボタンを1回押下したときの噴射容量が0.1~1.0mLであり、
前記噴射口から噴射される噴射粒子の粒子径は、25℃、噴射距離15cmにおける体積積算分布での90%粒子径が10~80μmである蚊類防除用エアゾール。 - 前記強化スプリングは、バネ定数が3.3N/mm以上のスプリングである請求項1に記載の蚊類防除用エアゾール。
- 前記害虫防除成分は、トランスフルトリンである請求項1又は2に記載の蚊類防除用エアゾール。
- 前記エアゾール原液を処理空間に1回噴射した場合、前記害虫防除成分の2時間経過後の気中残存率が0.05~5%であり、且つ前記害虫防除成分の効果持続時間が33.3m3以下の空間に対して18時間以上である請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の蚊類防除用エアゾール。
- 前記噴射口から噴射される前記噴射粒子の粒子径は、25℃、噴射距離15cmにおける体積積算分布での90%粒子径が25~70μmである請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の蚊類防除用エアゾール。
- 前記噴射ボタンを1回押下したときの噴射容量が0.1~0.2mLである請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の蚊類防除用エアゾール。
- 前記噴射ボタンを1回押下したときの前記害虫防除成分の噴射量が18.8~33.3m3の処理空間あたり5.0~30mgである請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載の蚊類防除用エアゾール。
- 前記有機溶剤は、炭素数が2~3の低級アルコールである請求項1~7の何れか一項に記載の蚊類防除用エアゾール。
- 前記エアゾール原液は、トランスフルトリンの感受性低下対処助剤として、炭素数の総数が13~20の高級脂肪酸エステル及び/又は炭素数が3~6のグリコール類を含有する請求項3~8の何れか一項に記載の蚊類防除用エアゾール。
- 請求項1~9の何れか一項に記載の蚊類防除用エアゾールを用いて前記エアゾール原液を処理空間に噴射して蚊類をノックダウン又は死滅させる蚊類防除方法。
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