WO2020155897A1 - 船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法 - Google Patents

船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020155897A1
WO2020155897A1 PCT/CN2019/125858 CN2019125858W WO2020155897A1 WO 2020155897 A1 WO2020155897 A1 WO 2020155897A1 CN 2019125858 W CN2019125858 W CN 2019125858W WO 2020155897 A1 WO2020155897 A1 WO 2020155897A1
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Prior art keywords
oil
cylinder
scavenging port
oil passage
scavenging
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PCT/CN2019/125858
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯立岩
潘敏
龚震
于正然
孙洪杰
闫鹏
王自鑫
刘强
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大连理工大学
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Application filed by 大连理工大学 filed Critical 大连理工大学
Priority to US17/310,358 priority Critical patent/US11746724B2/en
Publication of WO2020155897A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020155897A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders
    • F02F1/20—Other cylinders characterised by constructional features providing for lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/02—Arrangements of lubricant conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M3/00—Lubrication specially adapted for engines with crankcase compression of fuel-air mixture or for other engines in which lubricant is contained in fuel, combustion air, or fuel-air mixture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M3/00—Lubrication specially adapted for engines with crankcase compression of fuel-air mixture or for other engines in which lubricant is contained in fuel, combustion air, or fuel-air mixture
    • F01M3/04—Lubrication specially adapted for engines with crankcase compression of fuel-air mixture or for other engines in which lubricant is contained in fuel, combustion air, or fuel-air mixture for upper cylinder lubrication only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders
    • F02F1/22—Other cylinders characterised by having ports in cylinder wall for scavenging or charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N2210/00—Applications
    • F16N2210/06—Marine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of cylinder oil spontaneous combustion control, in particular, to a method for inhibiting cylinder oil accumulation in a scavenging port of a marine low-speed engine.
  • cylinder oil cylinder lubricating oil
  • the self-ignition of cylinder lubricating oil is the most important and also the most complicated.
  • the free cylinder oil in the cylinder ignites spontaneously before spark ignition or micro-injection ignition, pre-ignition of the gas-air premix in the cylinder is triggered, which will cause the pressure in the cylinder to rise sharply, the maximum explosion pressure in the cylinder is too high, and the heat is too high.
  • the mechanical load and thermal load of the engine components caused by it are too high, thus causing safety hazards to the engine.
  • the low-speed two-stroke dual-fuel engine has a large consumption of cylinder lubricating oil, and the cylinder lubricating oil droplets will directly enter the cylinder, which constitutes an inducing factor for pre-ignition.
  • the cylinder oil accumulated on the upper edge of the scavenging port will be peeled off into the cylinder under the blowing of the scavenging airflow, which is an important source of free cylinder oil droplets in the cylinder. Therefore, in order to effectively suppress the spontaneous combustion of the cylinder oil, reduce the harm it causes, and further improve the performance of the main engine, it is necessary to suppress the accumulation of cylinder oil on the upper edge of the scavenging port from the source.
  • the present invention mainly utilizes the oil passage provided on the cylinder wall inside the cylinder, so as to suppress the accumulation of cylinder oil from the source.
  • a method for inhibiting the accumulation of cylinder oil in the scavenging port of a marine low-speed engine An oil passage is arranged on the cylinder wall inside the cylinder to avoid the accumulation of lubricating oil along the cylinder on the scavenging port of a low-speed two-stroke marine engine.
  • the oil passage includes a plurality of oil storage grooves machined in the circumferential direction of the cylinder wall; the oil passage starts from the inner side of the cylinder wall and extends from the cylinder radially obliquely to the outside of the cylinder; the circumferential direction of the cylinder wall
  • the scavenging ports are evenly distributed, and each oil storage tank is correspondingly processed on the upper edge of the scavenging port of the scavenging port, and the shape of each oil storage groove is matched with the curved surface of the upper edge of the scavenging port; adjacent oil storage tanks
  • the bottom is tangentially through, or an oil drain groove is arranged in the middle of the side edge of the scavenging port adjacent to the scavenging port, and the top end of the oil drain groove communicates with the bottom of two adjacent oil storage grooves.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface of the oil passage are parallel, the angle between the upper surface and the cylinder wall is an obtuse angle ⁇ , 100° ⁇ 110°, and the angle between the lower surface and the cylinder wall is an acute angle ⁇ , 70° ⁇ ⁇ 80°, along the upper and lower surfaces, the groove depth inside the cylinder wall is 2-5mm.
  • the upper surface of the oil passage and the cylinder wall are provided with an upper groove transition chamfer
  • the lower surface of the oil passage and the cylinder wall are provided with a lower groove transition fillet
  • the oil passage is provided with a groove inner circle. angle.
  • the oil passage is a short oil passage, and the oil passage provided on the scavenging port along the outside is "wave-shaped", and the shape of the oil passage is the same as that described above.
  • the shape of the upper edge of the scavenging port is matched.
  • the middle of the side edge of the scavenging port adjacent to the scavenging port is provided with an oil drain groove
  • the top of the oil drain groove communicates with the bottoms of the two adjacent oil storage grooves
  • the oil passage is a long oil passage.
  • the oil passages along the upper edge of the scavenging port and the outer side of the scavenging port are in an "arch shape", and the shape of the upper end of the oil passage matches the shape of the upper edge of the scavenging port.
  • the width of the oil passage is 2-5 mm, and the distance between the oil passage and the outer contour of the scavenging port is 2-5 mm.
  • the bottom of the oil drain groove extends to extend the scavenging port.
  • the width of the oil passage is L1
  • the distance between the oil passage and the outer contour of the scavenging port is L2
  • the long axis length of the scavenging port is H, 0.02H ⁇ L1 ⁇ 0.05H, 0.02H ⁇ L2 ⁇ 0.05H.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention mainly utilizes the oil passage provided on the cylinder wall inside the cylinder, thereby inhibiting the accumulation of cylinder oil on the upper edge of the scavenging port, and preventing the cylinder oil near the scavenging port from peeling off under the action of the scavenging gas to be free. Enter the cylinder, and then control the self-ignition of the cylinder oil in the cylinder of the low-speed two-stroke marine main engine from the source.
  • the present invention mainly utilizes the oil passage provided on the cylinder wall inside the cylinder to greatly reduce the number of free cylinder oil droplets in the cylinder and reduce the possibility of pre-ignition. It effectively reduces the probability of pre-ignition and improves the performance of the main engine. It effectively reduces the probability of pre-ignition, reduces PM emissions, and saves PM post-processing costs.
  • Figure 1 is a partial schematic diagram of the cylinder near the scavenging port.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a cylinder wall in the prior art.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cylinder wall of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 (short oil passage) of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 (long oil passage) of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a main sectional view of the cylinder wall of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a side sectional view of the cylinder wall of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the part A of Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 9 is an enlarged schematic diagram of B in Fig. 7.
  • orientation words such as “front, back, up, down, left, right", “horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal” and “top, bottom” and other directions indicate the orientation Or the positional relationship is usually based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these positional words do not indicate or imply the pointed device or element It must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so it cannot be understood as a limitation of the scope of protection of the present invention: the orientation word “inside, outside” refers to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.
  • spatially relative terms can be used here, such as “above”, “above”, “above the surface”, “above”, etc., to describe as shown in the figure Shows the spatial positional relationship between one device or feature and other devices or features. It should be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation other than the orientation of the device described in the figure. For example, if the device in the drawing is inverted, then a device described as “above other devices or structures” or “above other devices or structures” will then be positioned as “below the other devices or structures” or “on It's under the device or structure”. Thus, the exemplary term “above” can include both orientations “above” and “below”. The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated by 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the relative description of the space used here is explained accordingly.
  • the present invention provides a method for inhibiting the accumulation of cylinder oil at the scavenging port of a marine low-speed engine.
  • An oil passage 4 is arranged on the cylinder wall 1 inside the cylinder to avoid lubricating oil along the cylinder at the scavenging port of a low-speed two-stroke marine engine. Of gathering.
  • the oil passage 4 includes a plurality of oil storage grooves 41 machined in the circumferential direction of the cylinder wall 1; the oil passage 4 starts from the inner side of the cylinder wall 1 and extends to the outside of the cylinder along the radial direction of the cylinder;
  • the cylinder wall 1 is evenly distributed with scavenging ports 5 in the circumferential direction.
  • Each of the oil storage grooves 41 is processed corresponding to the upper part of the scavenging port upper edge 2 of the scavenging port 5, and the shape of each oil storage groove 41 is the same as that of the scavenging port.
  • the bottom of the adjacent oil storage groove 41 is tangentially through, or the middle of the side edge 3 of the scavenge port of the adjacent scavenge port 5 is provided with an oil drain groove 42, and the top of the oil drain groove 42 is the same.
  • the oil passage 4 is a short oil passage, and the oil passage 4 arranged on the outer edge of the scavenging port 2 is "Wave shape", the shape of the oil passage 4 matches the shape of the upper edge 2 of the scavenging port.
  • the adjacent scavenge port 5 When the adjacent scavenge port 5 is provided with an oil drain groove 42 in the middle of the scavenge port side edge 3, the top end of the oil drain groove 42 communicates with the bottoms of the two adjacent oil storage grooves 41, and the oil passage 4 is long oil Channel, that is, adjacent oil grooves intersect at the cylinder wall in the middle of adjacent scavenging ports to form an oil groove, and the bottom of the oil groove is provided with a pointed outlet.
  • the oil passage 4 arranged at the upper part of the upper edge 2 of the scavenging port and the outside of the side edge 3 of the scavenging port has an "arch shape", and the shape of the upper end of the oil passage 4 matches the shape of the upper edge 2 of the scavenging port.
  • the bottom of the oil drain groove 42 extends to the scavenging port 5, and the residual cylinder oil is discharged from the oil groove through the tip of the bottom.
  • the upper surface and lower surface of the oil passage 4 are parallel, and the angle between the upper surface and the cylinder wall 1 is an obtuse angle, the obtuse angle ⁇ , 100° ⁇ 110°, the lower surface and the cylinder wall 1
  • the angle is an acute angle, with an acute angle ⁇ , 70° ⁇ 80°, and the groove depth inside the cylinder wall along the upper and lower surfaces is 2-5mm.
  • an upper notch transition chamfer 6 is provided at the connection between the upper surface of the oil passage 4 and the cylinder wall 1
  • a lower notch transition fillet 7 is provided at the connection between the lower surface of the oil passage 4 and the cylinder wall.
  • a groove fillet 8 is provided inside the oil passage 4.
  • the width of the oil passage 4 is 2-5 mm, and the distance between the oil passage 4 and the outer contour of the scavenging port 5 is 2-5 mm.
  • the width of the oil passage 4 is L1
  • the distance between the oil passage 4 and the outer contour of the scavenging port 5 is L2
  • the long axis length of the scavenging port is H, 0.02H ⁇ L1 ⁇ 0.05H, 0.02H ⁇ L2 ⁇ 0.05H, that is, the width of the above-mentioned oil groove and the distance from the outer edge of the oil passage should be 2%-5% of the length of the long axis of the scavenging port.
  • the edge contour of the scavenging port includes an upper edge 2 of the scavenging port and a side edge 3 of the scavenging port.
  • the present invention also discloses a method for processing a scavenging port for a low-speed two-stroke marine main engine with an oil passage.
  • a scavenging port for a low-speed two-stroke marine main engine with an oil passage.
  • the structure of the oil passage 4 of the present invention is processed.
  • the present invention provides a solution to the phenomenon of cylinder oil accumulation and blowing near the scavenging port of the low-speed two-stroke marine main engine. Due to the inconsistencies in the number and size of different engine cylinder diameters and scavenging ports, the specific size of the oil tank is only for reference, but the depth of the oil tank needs to be ensured. Affect the stability of the cylinder wall structure. If the short oil passage scheme is adopted, as shown in the following example 1, it is necessary to ensure that the oil groove is enveloped outside the upper edge of the scavenging port.
  • the long oil passage scheme is adopted, as shown in the following example 2, it is necessary to ensure that the upper end of the oil groove is enveloped on the scavenging port Along the outside, the lower oil groove intersects the middle of adjacent scavenging ports and extends to no scavenging ports.
  • the instantaneous velocity of the airflow entering the cylinder through the scavenging port reaches the maximum value.
  • the scavenging port has a small opening, only the cylinder oil accumulated along the 2nd edge of the scavenging port Peeling occurs and enters the inside of the cylinder.
  • the opening of the scavenging port increases and the speed drops sharply, the lubricating oil on the side edge 3 of the scavenging port will not peel off.
  • the lubricant is not easy to accumulate near the scavenging port, and there is no need to process too long oil passages.
  • the invention relates to the field of control and optimization of large-scale low-speed two-stroke marine main engine.
  • Cylinder oil spontaneous combustion is the main cause of pre-ignition of low-speed two-stroke marine dual-fuel engines, as well as an important source of engine PM emissions.
  • Low-speed two-stroke marine engine scavenging port cylinder oil accumulation and scavenging gas blowing are one of the main sources of freely distributed cylinder oil droplets in the cylinder.
  • the present invention By arranging inclined oil grooves on the cylinder wall near the upper edge of the scavenging port, the cylinder oil scraped by the piston near the upper edge of the scavenging port is stored and drained along the cylinder wall, effectively avoiding the lubrication remaining on the cylinder wall Oil accumulates on the upper edge of the scavenging port under the action of the reciprocating motion of the piston, and is blown into the cylinder during the scavenging process of the next stroke to form a potential self-ignition point.
  • the invention effectively avoids the peeling of cylinder oil near the upper edge of the scavenging port through simple processing and transformation of the engine cylinder wall, greatly reduces the hazard of pre-ignition, and greatly improves the performance and safety of the large two-stroke low-speed marine main engine significance.
  • the method for inhibiting the accumulation of cylinder oil in the scavenging port of a marine low-speed engine of the present invention is a method for avoiding the accumulation of lubricating oil along the cylinder on the scavenging port of a low-speed two-stroke marine engine by arranging the oil groove, and the arrangement and processing method of the oil groove.
  • the present invention provides a method for suppressing oil accumulation in the scavenge port cylinder of a marine low-speed engine.
  • An oil passage 4 is arranged on the cylinder wall 1 inside the cylinder to avoid low-speed two. The accumulation of lubricating oil along the cylinder on the scavenging port of the stroke marine engine.
  • the oil passage 4 includes a plurality of oil storage grooves 41 machined in the circumferential direction of the cylinder wall 1; the oil passage 4 starts from the inner side of the cylinder wall 1 and extends to the outside of the cylinder along the radial direction of the cylinder;
  • the cylinder wall 1 is evenly distributed with scavenging ports 5 in the circumferential direction.
  • Each of the oil storage grooves 41 is processed corresponding to the upper part of the scavenging port upper edge 2 of the scavenging port 5, and the shape of each oil storage groove 41 is the same as that of the scavenging port. It is arranged along the curved surface of 2; the bottom of the adjacent oil storage tank 41 is tangentially connected, and the oil passage 4 is a short oil passage.
  • the oil passage 4 arranged on the outer edge of the scavenging port 2 is "wave-shaped", so The shape of the oil passage 4 matches the shape of the upper edge 2 of the scavenging port.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface of the oil passage 4 are parallel, the angle between the upper surface and the cylinder wall 1 is an obtuse angle ⁇ , and the angle between the lower surface and the cylinder wall 1 is an acute angle ⁇ .
  • the obtuse angle ⁇ 100°
  • the acute angle ⁇ 80°
  • the groove depth inside the cylinder wall along the upper surface and the lower surface is 3mm.
  • the upper surface of the oil passage 4 and the cylinder wall 1 are provided with an upper notch transition chamfer 6, the lower surface of the oil groove 4 and the cylinder wall are connected with a lower notch transition fillet 7, and the oil passage 4 is provided with Fillet of groove 8.
  • the width of the oil passage 4 is 3 mm
  • the distance between the oil passage 4 and the outer contour of the scavenging port 5 is 3 mm
  • the edge contour of the scavenging port includes the upper edge 2 of the scavenging port and the side edge 3 of the scavenging port.
  • the width of the oil passage 4 is 2 mm, and the distance between the oil passage 4 and the outer contour of the scavenging port 5 is 2 mm.
  • the width of the oil passage 4 and the distance between the oil passage 4 and the outer contour of the scavenging port 5 are respectively L1 and L2.
  • the present invention provides a method for inhibiting the accumulation of oil in the scavenge port cylinder of a marine low-speed engine.
  • An oil passage 4 is arranged on the cylinder wall 1 inside the cylinder to avoid low speed two. The accumulation of lubricating oil along the cylinder on the scavenging port of the stroke marine engine.
  • the oil passage 4 includes a plurality of oil storage grooves 41 machined in the circumferential direction of the cylinder wall 1; the oil passage 4 starts from the inner side of the cylinder wall 1 and extends to the outside of the cylinder along the radial direction of the cylinder;
  • the cylinder wall 1 is evenly distributed with scavenging ports 5 in the circumferential direction.
  • Each of the oil storage grooves 41 is processed corresponding to the upper part of the scavenging port upper edge 2 of the scavenging port 5, and the shape of each oil storage groove 41 is the same as that of the scavenging port.
  • An oil drain groove 42 is provided in the middle of the scavenging port side edge 3 of the adjacent scavenging port 5, and the top end of the oil drain groove 42 communicates with the bottoms of the two adjacent oil storage grooves 41, and the oil passage 4 is a long oil passage ,
  • the oil passage 4 arranged at the upper part of the upper edge 2 of the scavenging port and the outside of the side edge 3 of the scavenging port has an "arch shape", and the shape of the upper end of the oil passage 4 matches the shape of the upper edge 2 of the scavenging port.
  • the bottom of the oil drain groove 42 extends to extend out of the scavenging port 5.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface of the oil passage 4 are parallel, the angle between the upper surface and the cylinder wall 1 is an obtuse angle ⁇ , and the angle between the lower surface and the cylinder wall 1 is an acute angle ⁇ .
  • the obtuse angle ⁇ 100°
  • the acute angle ⁇ 80°
  • the groove depth inside the cylinder wall along the upper surface and the lower surface is 3mm.
  • the upper surface of the oil passage 4 and the cylinder wall 1 are provided with an upper notch transition chamfer 6, the lower surface of the oil groove 4 and the cylinder wall are connected with a lower notch transition fillet 7, and the oil passage 4 is provided with Fillet of groove 8.
  • the width of the oil passage 4 is 3 mm
  • the distance between the oil passage 4 and the outer contour of the scavenging port 5 is 3 mm
  • the edge contour of the scavenging port includes the upper edge 2 of the scavenging port and the side edge 3 of the scavenging port.
  • the width of the oil passage 4 is 5 mm, and the distance between the oil passage 4 and the outer contour of the scavenging port 5 is 5 mm.
  • the width of the oil passage 4 and the distance between the oil passage 4 and the outer contour of the scavenging port 5 are respectively L1 and L2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

一种船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，在气缸内部的气缸壁上布置油道（4）；油道（4）包括由气缸壁（1）的圆周方向加工而成的多个储油槽（41）；油道（4）从气缸壁（1）内侧开始，沿着气缸径向倾斜向气缸外部延伸加工而成；气缸壁（1）的圆周方向均布有扫气口（5），每个储油槽（41）对应加工于扫气口（5）的扫气口上沿（2）的上部。每个储油槽（41）的形状同扫气口上沿（2）的曲面配合设置；相邻的储油槽（41）的底部相切贯通，或相邻扫气口（5）的扫气口侧沿（3）的中间设置有排油槽（42），排油槽（42）的顶端同相邻的两个储油槽（41）底部连通。该船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法利用气缸内部的气缸壁上设置有油道，从而抑制气缸油在扫气口上沿的积聚，通过抑制扫气口附近气缸油在扫气吹拂的作用下发生剥离以游离状态进入气缸，进而控制低速二冲程船用发动机缸内气缸油自燃。

Description

船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及气缸油自燃控制技术领域，具体而言，尤其涉及一种船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法。
背景技术
在全球环境保护的浪潮下，船舶发动机排放问题一直是人们关注的焦点。气体燃料船舶发动机不需要排放后处理即可以满足国际海事组织第三阶段(IMO Tier 3)排放法规要求。
近年来，由于采用了稀薄燃烧、米勒循环、二级涡轮增压等先进技术，气体燃料发动机的热效率和平均有效压力有了显著的提高，但同时爆燃的频繁发生也成为进一步提高主机性能的障碍。
在引发爆燃的诸多因素中，气缸润滑油(以下简称气缸油)自燃是最主要同时也是最复杂的。一旦缸内游离的气缸油在火花点火或者微喷引燃之前发生自燃而引发缸内燃气-空气预混合气早燃，会造成缸内压力急剧上升，缸内最高爆发压力过高，放热过快，由其引起的发动机部件的机械负荷和热负荷过高，从而对发动机造成安全危害。尤其低速二冲程双燃料发动机的气缸润滑油消耗量大，气缸润滑油液滴会直接进入气缸中，构成早燃的诱发因素。
扫气口上沿积聚的气缸油在扫气气流的吹拂下发生剥离进入气缸是缸内游离的气缸油液滴的重要来源。于是，为了有效抑制气缸油自燃，降低其造成的危害并进一步提升主机性能，需要从源头上抑制气缸油在扫气口上沿的积聚。
发明内容
根据上述背景提出的，一旦缸内游离的气缸油在着火前发生自燃，必然 会引起预混合气早燃，从而造成爆压过高，燃烧过于剧烈，进而对发动机造成危害的问题，提供一种船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法。本发明主要利用气缸内部的所述气缸壁上设置有油道，从而起到从源头上抑制气缸油积聚的作用。
本发明采用的技术手段如下：
一种船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，在气缸内部的气缸壁上布置油道，来避免低速二冲程船用发动机扫气口上沿气缸润滑油的聚集。
所述油道包括由气缸壁圆周方向加工而成的多个储油槽；所述油道从气缸壁内侧开始，沿着气缸径向倾斜向气缸外部延伸加工而成；所述气缸壁的圆周方向均布有扫气口，每个储油槽对应加工于所述扫气口的扫气口上沿上部，并且每个储油槽的形状同所述扫气口上沿的曲面配合设置；相邻的所述储油槽底部相切贯通，或相邻所述扫气口的扫气口侧沿的中间设置有排油槽，所述排油槽的顶端同相邻的两个储油槽底部连通。
进一步地，所述油道的上表面和下表面平行，上表面与气缸壁的夹角为钝角α，100°≤α≤110°，下表面与气缸壁的夹角为锐角β，70°≤β≤80°，沿着上表面和下表面向气缸壁内部的槽深2-5mm。
进一步地，所述油道上表面与气缸壁连接处设置上槽口过渡倒角，所述油道下表面与气缸壁连接处设置下槽口过渡圆角，所述油道内部设置有槽内圆角。
进一步地，当相邻的所述储油槽底部相切贯通，该油道为短油道，设置于所述扫气口上沿外部的油道呈“波浪型”，所述油道的形状同所述扫气口上沿的形状配合。
进一步地，当相邻所述扫气口的扫气口侧沿的中间设置有排油槽，所述排油槽的顶端同相邻的两个所述储油槽底部连通，该油道为长油道，设置于所述扫气口上沿上部及扫气口侧沿外部的油道，呈“拱门型”，所述油道的上端形状同所述扫气口上沿的形状配合。
进一步地，所述油道的宽度为2-5mm，所述油道距离所述扫气口外沿轮 廓的距离为2-5mm。
进一步地，所述排油槽底部延伸至伸出扫气口。
进一步地，所述油道的宽度为L1，油道距离扫气口外沿轮廓的距离为L2，扫气口长轴长度为H，0.02H≤L1≤0.05H，0.02H≤L2≤0.05H。
较现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
1、本发明主要利用气缸内部的所述气缸壁上设置有油道，从而抑制气缸油在扫气口上沿的积聚，通过抑制扫气口附近气缸油在扫气吹拂的作用下发生剥离以游离状态进入气缸，进而从源头上控制低速二冲程船用主机缸内气缸油自燃。
2、本发明主要利用气缸内部的所述气缸壁上设置有油道，通过大大减少气缸内游离的气缸油滴数量，降低早燃的可能性，其通过有效降低早燃概率，提升主机性能，其通过有效降低早燃概率，降低PM排放，节省PM后处理成本。
3、本发明中，当相邻的所述储油槽底部相切贯通，形成短油道方案，或相邻所述扫气口的扫气口侧沿的中间设置有排油槽，所述排油槽的顶端同相邻的两个所述储油槽底部连通，形成长油道方案，提供的两种解决办法能够适应不同发动机的润滑条件。对于一般的机型采用长油道方案确保没有残留气缸油积聚到扫气口边缘；对于润滑条件较好、润滑油用量较少、增压压力较低，气缸壁较薄或者对成本控制要求的较高的特殊机型可以选用短油道方案来避免气缸油在扫气口上沿的积聚。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做以简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为扫气口附近气缸局部示意图。
图2为现有技术气缸壁示意图。
图3为本发明气缸壁示意图。
图4为本发明实施例1(短油道)示意图。
图5为本发明实施例3(长油道)示意图。
图6为本发明气缸壁主剖视图。
图7为本发明气缸壁侧剖视图。
图8为图6的A处放大示意图。
图9为图7的B处放大示意图。
其中：1、气缸壁，2、扫气口上沿，3、扫气口侧沿，4、油道，41、储油槽，42、排油槽，5、扫气口，6、上槽口过渡倒角，7、下槽口过渡圆角，8、槽内圆角。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布 置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。同时，应当清楚，为了便于描述，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员己知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，方位词如“前、后、上、下、左、右”、“横向、竖向、垂直、水平”和“顶、底”等所指示的方位或位置关系通常是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，在未作相反说明的情况下，这些方位词并不指示和暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位或者以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制：方位词“内、外”是指相对于各部件本身的轮廓的内外。
为了便于描述，在这里可以使用空间相对术语，如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等，用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是，空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的器件被倒置，则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其位器件或构造之下”。因而，示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位)，并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。
此外，需要说明的是，使用“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件，仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别，如没有另行声明，上述词语并没有特殊含义，因此不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
如图所示，本发明提供了一种船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，在气缸内部的气缸壁1上布置油道4，来避免低速二冲程船用发动机扫气口上沿气缸润滑油的聚集。
所述油道4包括由气缸壁1圆周方向加工而成的多个储油槽41；所述油道4从气缸壁1内侧开始，沿着气缸径向倾斜向气缸外部延伸加工而成；所述气缸壁1的圆周方向均布有扫气口5，每个所述储油槽41对应加工于所述扫气口5的扫气口上沿2上部，并且每个储油槽41的形状同所述扫气口上沿2的曲面配合设置；相邻的所述储油槽41底部相切贯通，或相邻所述扫气口5的扫气口侧沿3的中间设置有排油槽42，所述排油槽42的顶端同相邻的两个所述储油槽41底部连通。
当相邻的所述储油槽41底部相切贯通，残余气缸油通过所述相切处排出油槽，该油道4为短油道，设置于所述扫气口上沿2外部的油道4呈“波浪型”，所述油道4的形状同所述扫气口上沿2的形状配合。
当相邻所述扫气口5的扫气口侧沿3的中间设置有排油槽42，所述排油槽42的顶端同相邻的两个所述储油槽41底部连通，该油道4为长油道，即相邻油槽于相邻扫气口中间气缸壁处相交贯通呈一条油槽，油槽底部设置尖端出口。
设置于所述扫气口上沿2上部及扫气口侧沿3外部的油道4，呈“拱门型”，所述油道4的上端形状同所述扫气口上沿2的形状配合。
所述排油槽42底部延伸至伸出扫气口5，残余气缸油通过所述底部尖端排出油槽。
为了方便储存气缸油，所述油道4的上表面和下表面平行，上表面与气缸壁1的夹角为钝角，钝角α，100°≤α≤110°，下表面与气缸壁1的夹角为锐角，锐角β，70°≤β≤80°，沿着上表面和下表面向气缸壁内部的槽深2-5mm。
为了方便储存气缸油，所述油道4上表面与气缸壁1连接处设置上槽口过渡倒角6，所述油道4下表面与气缸壁连接处设置下槽口过渡圆角7，所述油道4内部设置有槽内圆角8。
所述油道4的宽度为2-5mm，所述油道4距离所述扫气口5外沿轮廓的距离为2-5mm。或根据机型不同，所述油道4的宽度为L1，油道4距离扫气口5外沿轮廓的距离为L2，扫气口长轴长度为H，0.02H≤L1≤0.05H， 0.02H≤L2≤0.05H，即上述油槽宽度及油道距离外沿轮廓距离应为扫气口长轴长度的2％-5％。所述扫气口边缘轮廓包含扫气口上沿2以及扫气口侧沿3。
另外，本发明还公开了一种具有油道的低速二冲程船用主机扫气口的加工方法，在现有普通扫气口的基础上，加工出本发明油道4结构。
本发明提供了一种低速二冲程船用主机扫气口附近气缸油积聚及吹拂现象的解决方案，由于不同发动机缸径及扫气口数目、大小不一致，故油槽具体尺寸仅做参考，但需保证油槽深度不影响缸壁结构稳定性。若采用短油道方案，如下实施例1所示，需保证油槽包络于扫气口上沿外部，若采用长油道方案，如下实施例2所示，需保证油槽上端包络于扫气口上沿外部，下部油槽相交于相邻扫气口中间并延伸至没过扫气口。
一般地，在扫气口打开的瞬间(约150°CA)通过扫气口进入气缸的气流瞬时速度达到最大值，此时因扫气口开度很小，故只有在扫气口上沿2积聚的气缸油发生剥离进入气缸内部，同时由于扫气口开度加大后速度急剧下降，故扫气口侧沿3的润滑油不会发生剥离。
特殊地，对于一些特殊机型，由于增压压力极大，极有可能在扫气口大开度的情况下发生剥离，故需要长油道避免侧沿3上积聚过多气缸油发生剥离。
特殊地，对于一些特殊机型，由于润滑条件较好、润滑油用量较少，润滑油不易在扫气口附近积聚，不需要加工太长的油道。
特殊地，对于一些特殊机型，由于缸壁较薄，加工太长的油道可能影响发动机本身的结构强度，不可以加工太长的油道。
特殊地，对于一些特殊机型，由于对成本要求较高，由于本身润滑条件较好，加工太长的油道会增加成本，不必要加工太长的油道。
本发明涉及大型低速二冲程船用主机控制及优化领域，通过采用简单的机械加工有效降低了缸内气缸油早燃概率，其结构简单，改造方便，适用性强，对低速二冲程船用主机的进一步提升和发展有重大意义。
气缸油自燃是低速二冲程船用双燃料机早燃的主要诱因，同时是发动机PM排放的重要来源。低速二冲程船用发动机扫气口气缸油积聚和扫气吹拂是缸内自由分布的气缸油滴的主要来源之一，为了抑制扫气口附近的气缸油积聚及在扫气吹拂作用下发生剥离，本发明通过在扫气口上沿外廓附近的气 缸壁上设置倾斜油槽，将被活塞刮至扫气口上沿附近的气缸油储存起来并使其沿缸壁下泄，有效避免了残留在缸壁上的润滑油在活塞的往复运动作用下在扫气口上沿积聚，在下一冲程的扫气过程被吹入至气缸内部形成潜在的自燃点。本发明通过对发动机气缸壁简单的加工改造，有效地避免了扫气口上沿附近的气缸油剥离，极大地降低了早燃的危害，对大型二冲程低速船用主机性能及安全性的提升有重大意义。
本发明所述的船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，是一种通过布置油槽方式避免低速二冲程船用发动机扫气口上沿气缸润滑油聚集的方法和油槽布置及其加工方法，
实施例1(短油道)
如图1、图4、图6至图9所示，本发明提供了一种船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，在气缸内部的气缸壁1上布置油道4，来避免低速二冲程船用发动机扫气口上沿气缸润滑油的聚集。
所述油道4包括由气缸壁1圆周方向加工而成的多个储油槽41；所述油道4从气缸壁1内侧开始，沿着气缸径向倾斜向气缸外部延伸加工而成；所述气缸壁1的圆周方向均布有扫气口5，每个所述储油槽41对应加工于所述扫气口5的扫气口上沿2上部，并且每个储油槽41的形状同所述扫气口上沿2的曲面配合设置；相邻的所述储油槽41底部相切贯通，该油道4为短油道，设置于所述扫气口上沿2外部的油道4呈“波浪型”，所述油道4的形状同所述扫气口上沿2的形状配合。
所述油道4的上表面和下表面平行，上表面与气缸壁1的夹角为钝角α，下表面与气缸壁1的夹角为锐角β。本实例中，钝角α＝100°，锐角β＝80°，沿着上表面和下表面向气缸壁内部的槽深3mm。
所述油道4上表面与气缸壁1连接处设置上槽口过渡倒角6，所述油槽4下表面与气缸壁连接处设置下槽口过渡圆角7，所述油道4内部设置有槽内圆角8。
所述油道4的宽度为3mm，所述油道4距离所述扫气口5外沿轮廓的距离为3mm，所述扫气口边缘轮廓包含扫气口上沿2以及扫气口侧沿3。
优选的，所述油道4的宽度及所述油道4距离扫气口5外沿轮廓的距 离分别为L1、L2，所述扫气口长轴长度为H，L1＝L2＝0.03H。
实施例2
本实施例同实施例1相比，不同之处仅在于，本实例中，钝角α＝110°，锐角β＝70°，沿着上表面和下表面向气缸壁内部的槽深2mm。
所述油道4的宽度为2mm，所述油道4距离所述扫气口5外沿轮廓的距离为2mm。
所述油道4的宽度及所述油道4距离扫气口5外沿轮廓的距离分别为L1、L2，所述扫气口长轴长度为H，L1＝L2＝0.02H。
实施例3(长油道)
如图1、图3、图5至图9所示，本发明提供了一种船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，在气缸内部的气缸壁1上布置油道4，来避免低速二冲程船用发动机扫气口上沿气缸润滑油的聚集。
所述油道4包括由气缸壁1圆周方向加工而成的多个储油槽41；所述油道4从气缸壁1内侧开始，沿着气缸径向倾斜向气缸外部延伸加工而成；所述气缸壁1的圆周方向均布有扫气口5，每个所述储油槽41对应加工于所述扫气口5的扫气口上沿2上部，并且每个储油槽41的形状同所述扫气口上沿2的曲面配合设置。
相邻所述扫气口5的扫气口侧沿3的中间设置有排油槽42，所述排油槽42的顶端同相邻的两个所述储油槽41底部连通，该油道4为长油道，设置于所述扫气口上沿2上部及扫气口侧沿3外部的油道4，呈“拱门型”，所述油道4的上端形状同所述扫气口上沿2的形状配合。所述排油槽42底部延伸至伸出扫气口5。
所述油道4的上表面和下表面平行，上表面与气缸壁1的夹角为钝角α，下表面与气缸壁1的夹角为锐角β。本实例中，钝角α＝100°，锐角β＝80°，沿着上表面和下表面向气缸壁内部的槽深3mm。
所述油道4上表面与气缸壁1连接处设置上槽口过渡倒角6，所述油槽4下表面与气缸壁连接处设置下槽口过渡圆角7，所述油道4内部设置有槽内圆角8。
所述油道4的宽度为3mm，所述油道4距离所述扫气口5外沿轮廓的距离为3mm，所述扫气口边缘轮廓包含扫气口上沿2以及扫气口侧沿3。
优选的，所述油道4的宽度及所述油道4距离扫气口5外沿轮廓的距离分别为L1、L2，所述扫气口长轴长度为H，L1＝L2＝0.03H。
实施例4
本实施例同实施例3相比，不同之处仅在于，本实例中，钝角α＝110°，锐角β＝70°，沿着上表面和下表面向气缸壁内部的槽深5mm。
所述油道4的宽度为5mm，所述油道4距离所述扫气口5外沿轮廓的距离为5mm。
所述油道4的宽度及所述油道4距离扫气口5外沿轮廓的距离分别为L1、L2，所述扫气口长轴长度为H，L1＝L2＝0.05H。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，其特征在于，在气缸内部的气缸壁上布置油道；
    所述油道包括由气缸壁圆周方向加工而成的多个储油槽；
    所述油道从气缸壁内侧开始，沿着气缸径向倾斜向气缸外部延伸加工而成；
    所述气缸壁的圆周方向均布有扫气口，每个储油槽对应加工于所述扫气口的扫气口上沿上部，并且每个储油槽的形状同所述扫气口上沿的曲面配合设置；
    相邻的储油槽底部相切贯通，
    或相邻扫气口的扫气口侧沿的中间设置有排油槽，所述排油槽的顶端同相邻的两个储油槽底部连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，其特征在于，
    所述油道的上表面和下表面平行，上表面与气缸壁的夹角为钝角α，100°≤α≤110°，下表面与气缸壁的夹角为锐角β，70°≤β≤80°，沿着上表面和下表面向气缸壁内部的槽深2-5mm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，其特征在于，
    所述油道上表面与气缸壁连接处设置上槽口过渡倒角，所述油道下表面与气缸壁连接处设置下槽口过渡圆角，所述油道内部设置有槽内圆角。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，其特征在于，
    当相邻的所述储油槽底部相切贯通，该油道为短油道，设置于所述扫气口上沿外部的油道呈“波浪型”，所述油道的形状同所述扫气口上沿的形状配合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，其特征在于，
    当相邻所述扫气口的扫气口侧沿的中间设置有排油槽，所述排油槽的顶端同相邻的两个所述储油槽底部连通，该油道为长油道，
    设置于所述扫气口上沿上部及扫气口侧沿外部的油道，呈“拱门型”，
    所述油道的上端形状同所述扫气口上沿的形状配合。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，其特征在于，
    所述油道的宽度为2-5mm，所述油道距离所述扫气口外沿轮廓的距离为2-5mm。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，其特征在于，
    所述排油槽底部延伸至伸出扫气口。
  8. 根据权利要求4或5所述的船用低速机扫气口气缸油聚集的抑制方法，其特征在于，
    所述油道的宽度为L1，油道距离扫气口外沿轮廓的距离为L2，扫气口长轴长度为H，0.02H≤L1≤0.05H，0.02H≤L2≤0.05H。
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