WO2020155196A1 - 一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法 - Google Patents

一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法 Download PDF

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WO2020155196A1
WO2020155196A1 PCT/CN2019/075160 CN2019075160W WO2020155196A1 WO 2020155196 A1 WO2020155196 A1 WO 2020155196A1 CN 2019075160 W CN2019075160 W CN 2019075160W WO 2020155196 A1 WO2020155196 A1 WO 2020155196A1
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red mud
bayer process
backfilling
slurry
solid phase
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张廷安
吕国志
张子木
王艳秀
张伟光
刘燕
豆志河
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Northeastern University China
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
    • C04B7/243—Mixtures thereof with activators or composition-correcting additives, e.g. mixtures of fly ash and alkali activators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and specifically relates to a Bayer process red mud backfilling method.
  • Aluminum is a pillar industry in my country's non-ferrous metallurgy industry. As of 2017, my country's primary aluminum production capacity has reached more than 30 million tons, and alumina production capacity is close to 70 million tons, accounting for about 50% of global output. At present, more than 80% of alumina in China is produced by the Bayer process.
  • the silicon-containing phase in the bauxite will be transformed into hydrated sodium aluminosilicate (Na 2 O ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 1.7SiO 2 ⁇ NH 2 O), that is, 1 kg of silica in the mineral is combined with 0.608 kg of alkali, and the high-alkali red mud produced cannot be used in bulk industries such as cement.
  • a large amount of calcium carbide slag is produced during the production of polyvinyl chloride by dry acetylene.
  • Calcium carbide slag is a by-product of the hydrolysis reaction of calcium carbide.
  • the main chemical component is Ca(OH) 2 , which has strong alkalinity and contains sulfides, phosphides and Other impurities.
  • Using dry acetylene to produce 1 ton of PVC resin can produce 1.8-2 tons of calcium carbide slag, which is the largest waste residue in the production of PVC resin.
  • the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN101708859B discloses a process of using calcium carbide slag to replace lime in the production of Bayer alumina production.
  • the main component of calcium carbide slag is Ca(OH) 2 , which is the same as slaked lime, due to the problem of activity, the substitution of calcium carbide slag for lime has a greater impact, causing problems such as poor alumina dissolution.
  • the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN104988304A mixes red mud, calcium carbide slag and reducing agent for roasting treatment, and the iron is separated and recovered. This method requires high temperature treatment and high energy consumption.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a Bayer process red mud backfilling method.
  • a Bayer process red mud backfilling method includes the following steps:
  • the Bayer process red mud, calcium carbide slag and water are mixed to form a slurry. Under stirring and mixing conditions of 20 to 160°C, react for 5 to 120 minutes to form a ore slurry.
  • the addition of the calcium carbide slag and red mud The ratio is based on: the mass ratio of calcium oxide to silicon oxide in the slurry is (1 ⁇ 5):1 to add, and the addition ratio of water is based on: the liquid to solid ratio of the slurry is (2 ⁇ 15):1 to add;
  • the mixed slurry mainly reacts as follows:
  • the gelling agent is one or more of hydrochloric acid, ammonium sulfate, water glass or bentonite, and the added amount of the gelling agent is 1-20% of the total mass of the solid phase.
  • the content of sodium oxide in the solid phase is as low as 0.73% or less.
  • the Bayer process red mud backfilling method of the present invention can simultaneously absorb the Bayer process red mud and the calcium carbide slag produced by polyvinyl chloride, and realize the coordinated treatment of multiple solid wastes;
  • Red mud components employed in Examples 1 to 5 according to the embodiment of the present invention is the mass percentage: Al 2 O 3 18.15%, SiO 2 17.17%, Na 2 O6.73%, Fe 2 O 3 25.14%, the balance being water reduce it , TiO 2 and other impurities;
  • the components of the calcium carbide slag used in Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention are as follows by mass percentage: CaO 66.44%, SiO 2 3.01%, Al 2 O 3 3.79%, Fe 0.31%, and the rest are chemical water and other impurities.
  • a Bayer process red mud backfilling method includes the following steps:
  • the Bayer process red mud, calcium carbide slag and clear water are mixed to form a mixed slurry, which is reacted for 120 minutes under stirring and mixing conditions at 20°C.
  • the mixing ratio of calcium carbide slag and red mud is added according to: the mass ratio of calcium oxide to silicon oxide in the slurry is 5:1, and the addition ratio of clear water is added according to: the liquid-solid ratio of the slurry is 2:1.
  • the solid-liquid separation of the ore slurry obtained after the reaction, the obtained liquid phase is returned to the Bayer process system, the sodium oxide content in the obtained solid phase is reduced to 0.73%, and the solid phase is mixed with hydrochloric acid and used as a pit filler backfill.
  • the amount of hydrochloric acid added is as HCl
  • the mass accounts for 1% of the total mass of the solid phase.
  • a Bayer process red mud backfilling method includes the following steps:
  • the Bayer process red mud, calcium carbide slag and clear water are mixed to form a mixed slurry, which is reacted for 5 minutes under stirring and mixing conditions at 160°C.
  • the mixing ratio of calcium carbide slag and red mud is added according to: the mass ratio of calcium oxide to silicon oxide in the slurry is 1:1, and the addition ratio of clear water is added according to: the liquid-solid ratio of the slurry is 15:1.
  • the solid-liquid separation of the ore slurry obtained after the reaction the obtained liquid phase is returned to the Bayer process system, the sodium oxide content in the obtained solid phase is reduced to 0.52%, and the solid phase is mixed with hydrochloric acid and ammonium sulfate, and used as a pit filler for backfilling.
  • the mass ratio with ammonium sulfate is 6:4, and the total mass of HCl and ammonium sulfate in hydrochloric acid accounts for 10% of the total mass in the solid phase.
  • a Bayer process red mud backfilling method includes the following steps:
  • the Bayer process red mud, calcium carbide slag and clear water are mixed to form a mixed slurry, which is reacted for 30 minutes under stirring and mixing conditions at 120°C.
  • the mixing ratio of calcium carbide slag and red mud is added according to: the mass ratio of calcium oxide to silicon oxide in the slurry is 3:1, and the addition ratio of clear water is added according to: the liquid-solid ratio of the slurry is 5:1.
  • the solid-liquid separation of the ore slurry obtained after the reaction, the obtained liquid phase is returned to the Bayer process system, and the sodium oxide content in the obtained solid phase is reduced to 0.35%. After the solid phase is mixed with water glass, it is used as a pit filler for backfilling.
  • the proportion of the total mass in the solid phase is 5%.
  • a Bayer process red mud backfilling method includes the following steps:
  • the Bayer process red mud, calcium carbide slag and clear water are mixed to form a mixed slurry, which is reacted for 60 minutes under stirring and mixing conditions at 80°C.
  • the mixing ratio of calcium carbide slag and red mud is added according to the mass ratio of calcium oxide to silicon oxide in the slurry is 3:1, and the addition ratio of clear water is added according to the liquid-solid ratio of the slurry is 10:1.
  • the solid-liquid separation of the ore slurry obtained after the reaction, the obtained liquid phase is returned to the Bayer process system, the sodium oxide content in the obtained solid phase is reduced to 0.27%, the solid phase is mixed with hydrochloric acid and bentonite, and then used as pit filler for backfilling.
  • the mass ratio of bentonite is 1:9, and the total mass of HCl and bentonite in hydrochloric acid accounts for 20% of the total mass in the solid phase.
  • a Bayer process red mud backfilling method includes the following steps:
  • the Bayer process red mud, calcium carbide slag and clear water are mixed to form a mixed slurry, which is reacted for 60 minutes under stirring and mixing conditions at 130°C.
  • the mixing ratio of calcium carbide slag and red mud is added according to: the mass ratio of calcium oxide to silicon oxide in the slurry is 5:1, and the addition ratio of clear water is added according to: the liquid-solid ratio of the slurry is 15:1.
  • the solid-liquid separation of the ore slurry obtained after the reaction, the obtained liquid phase is returned to the Bayer process system, the sodium oxide content in the obtained solid phase is reduced to 0.13%, the solid phase is mixed with hydrochloric acid and bentonite, and then used as pit filler backfill.
  • the mass ratio of bentonite is 2:8, and the total mass of HCl and bentonite in hydrochloric acid accounts for 12% of the total mass in the solid phase.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法，包括如下步骤：将拜耳法生产氧化铝产生赤泥，与聚氯乙烯生产过程产生的电石渣及水混合，经保温反应和固液分离后，液相返回拜耳法系统，固相通过添加凝胶剂处理后，转化为硅酸盐凝胶，并作为矿坑填料回填使用。可实现拜耳法赤泥和电石渣的综合处理，处理后的赤泥直接进行回填处理，解决了拜耳法赤泥和电石渣的堆存问题，具有显著的环保、经济意义。

Description

一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法 技术领域：
本发明属于环境保护技术领域，具体涉及一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法。
背景技术：
铝是我国有色金属冶金行业中的支柱产业，截止2017年，我国原铝产能达到3000万吨以上，氧化铝产能接近7000万吨，占全球产量的50％左右。目前我国氧化铝80％以上是采用拜耳法生产的，铝土矿中的含硅相在拜耳法生产氧化铝过程中会转化水合硅铝酸钠(Na 2O·Al 2O 3·1.7SiO 2·nH 2O)，即矿物中1公斤的氧化硅与0.608公斤的碱结合，产生的高碱赤泥无法应用于水泥等大宗工业之中。
干法乙炔生产聚氯乙烯过程中会产生大量的电石渣，电石渣是电石水解反应的副产品，主要化学成分为Ca(OH) 2，具有很强的碱性，并含有硫化物、磷化物及其它杂质。采用干法生乙炔生产1吨PVC树脂可产生1.8-2吨电石渣，是PVC树脂生产过程中最大的废渣。
电石渣运用于氧化铝生产有很多公司进行过试研究，例如公开号为CN101708859B的中国发明专利公开了一种电石渣代替石灰用于拜耳法氧化铝生产的工艺。虽然电石渣的成分主要是Ca(OH) 2，与熟石灰成分一样，但是由于活性的问题，电石渣代替石灰影响比较大，造成氧化铝溶出效果变差等问题。公开号为CN104988304A的中国发明专利将赤泥、电石渣和还原剂混合后进行焙烧处理，经分离回收其中的铁，该方法需经过高温处理，能耗较高。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术存在的不足，提供一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将拜耳法赤泥、电石渣与水混合，形成浆料，在20～160℃的搅拌混合条件下，反应5～120min，生成矿浆，其中，所述的电石渣与赤泥的添加比例按照：浆料中氧化钙与氧化硅组分的质量比为(1～5):1添加，水的添加比例按照：浆料的液固比为(2～15):1添加；
所述的步骤(1)中，混合浆料主要反应如下：
Na 2O·Al 2O 3·1.7SiO 2·nH 2O+Ca(OH) 2→3CaO·Al 2O 3·xSiO 2·(6-2x)H 2O+NaOH(1)
(2)将反应后得到的矿浆进行固液分离，获得液相和固相，其中，液相返回拜耳法系统，固相处理后形成硅酸盐凝胶，用于矿坑回填，具体处理过程为：将固相与凝胶剂混合，形成硅酸盐凝胶。
所述的步骤(2)中，凝胶剂为盐酸、硫酸铵、水玻璃或膨润土中的一种或几种，凝胶剂的添加量为固相总质量的1～20％。
所述的步骤(2)中，固相中氧化钠含量低至0.73％以下。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明的拜耳法赤泥回填的方法可同时消纳拜耳法赤泥和聚氯乙烯产生的电石渣，实现多种固废协同处理；
(2)采用本发明的方法获得的尾渣固相可直接用作矿坑回填，同时解决矿坑和尾渣处置问题。
具体实施方式：
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
本发明实施例1～5中采用的赤泥成分按质量百分比为：Al 2O 318.15％，SiO 217.17％，Na 2O6.73％，Fe 2O 325.14％，余量为酌减水、TiO 2及其他杂质；
本发明实施例1～5中采用的电石渣成分按质量百分比为：CaO66.44％，SiO 23.01％，Al 2O 33.79％，Fe0.31％，其余为化合水及其他杂质。
实施例1
一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法，包括以下步骤：
将拜耳法赤泥、电石渣及清水混合，形成混合浆料，在20℃的搅拌混合条件下反应120min。其中，电石渣与赤泥的混合比例按照：浆料中氧化钙与氧化硅组分的质量比为5:1添加，清水的添加比例按照：浆料的液固比为2:1添加。将反应后得到的矿浆固液分离，所得的液相返回拜耳法系统，所得的固相中氧化钠含量降至0.73％，固相与盐酸混合后，作为矿坑填料回填使用，盐酸添加量按HCl质量占固相总质量的1％添加。
实施例2
一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法，包括以下步骤：
将拜耳法赤泥、电石渣及清水混合，形成混合浆料，在160℃的搅拌混合条件下反应5min。其中，电石渣与赤泥的混合比例按照：浆料中氧化钙与氧化硅组分的质量比为1:1添加，清水的添加比例按照：浆料的液固比为15:1添加。将反应后得到的矿浆固液分离，所得的液相返回拜耳法系统，所得的固相中氧化钠含量降至0.52％，固相与盐酸、硫酸铵混合后，作为矿坑填料回填使用，其中盐酸与硫酸铵的质量比为6:4，盐酸中HCl与硫酸铵的总质量在固相中总质量的占比为10％。
实施例3
一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法，包括以下步骤：
将拜耳法赤泥、电石渣及清水混合，形成混合浆料，在120℃的搅拌混合条件下反应30min。其中，电石渣与赤泥的混合比例按照：浆料中氧化钙与氧化硅组分的质量比为3:1添加，清水的添加比例按照：浆料的液固比为5:1添加。将反应后得到的矿浆固液分离，所得的液相返回拜耳法系统，所得的固相中氧化钠含量降至0.35％，固相与水玻璃混合后，作为矿坑填料回填使用，其中水玻璃在固相中总质量的占比为5％。
实施例4
一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法，包括以下步骤：
将拜耳法赤泥、电石渣及清水混合，形成混合浆料，在80℃的搅拌混合条件下反应60min。其中，电石渣与赤泥的混合比例按照：浆料中氧化钙与氧化硅组分的质量比为3:1添加，清水的添加比例按照：浆料的液固比为10:1添加。将反应后得到的矿浆固液分离，所得的液相返回拜耳法系统，所得的固相中氧化钠含量降至0.27％，固相与盐酸、膨润土混合后，作为矿坑填料回填使用，其中盐酸与膨润土的质量比为1:9，盐酸中HCl与膨润土的总质量在固相中总质量的占比为20％。
实施例5
一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法，包括以下步骤：
将拜耳法赤泥、电石渣及清水混合，形成混合浆料，在130℃的搅拌混合条件下反应60min。其中，电石渣与赤泥的混合比例按照：浆料中氧化钙与氧化硅组分的质量比为5:1添加，清水的添加比例按照：浆料的液固比为15:1添加。将反应后得到的矿浆固液分离，所得的液相返回拜耳法系统，所得的固相中氧化钠含量降至0.13％，固相与盐酸、膨润土混合后，作为矿坑填料回填使用，其中盐酸与膨润土的质量比为2:8，盐酸中HCl与膨润土的总质量在固相中总质量的占比为12％。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)将拜耳法赤泥、电石渣与水混合，形成浆料，在20～160℃的搅拌混合条件下，反应5～120min，生成矿浆，其中，所述的电石渣与赤泥的添加比例按照：浆料中氧化钙与氧化硅组分的质量比为(1～5):1添加，水的添加比例按照：浆料的液固比为(2～15):1添加；
    (2)将反应后得到的矿浆进行固液分离，获得液相和固相，其中，液相返回拜耳法系统，固相处理后形成硅酸盐凝胶，用于矿坑回填，具体处理过程为：将固相与凝胶剂混合，形成硅酸盐凝胶。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤(2)中，凝胶剂为盐酸、硫酸铵、水玻璃或膨润土中的一种或几种，凝胶剂的添加量为固相总质量的1～20％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种拜耳法赤泥回填的方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤(2)中，固相中氧化钠含量低至0.73％以下。
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