WO2020152590A1 - Turbine pour générateur d'éolienne à axe vertical - Google Patents

Turbine pour générateur d'éolienne à axe vertical Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020152590A1
WO2020152590A1 PCT/IB2020/050478 IB2020050478W WO2020152590A1 WO 2020152590 A1 WO2020152590 A1 WO 2020152590A1 IB 2020050478 W IB2020050478 W IB 2020050478W WO 2020152590 A1 WO2020152590 A1 WO 2020152590A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
turbine
deflector
wind
blade
wing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2020/050478
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Carlo Alberto CIMATTI
Daniele Marian
Original Assignee
Energietiche Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Energietiche Srl filed Critical Energietiche Srl
Publication of WO2020152590A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020152590A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/60—Structure; Surface texture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/50—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position
    • F05B2260/506—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position using cams or eccentrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/77—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism driven or triggered by centrifugal forces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a turbine for a vertical-axis wind turbine generator.
  • the present invention finds application in the turbomachine field, and in particular in the wind turbine field.
  • the present invention finds a particularly advantageous application for micro wind turbine generators, in particular for self-starting vertical-axis wind turbines.
  • the present invention is further applicable to big offshore machines.
  • the wind turbines known in the art typically comprise a supporting structure and a rotor.
  • the rotor comprises at least one blade, coupled to the supporting structure for rotating about a rotation axis.
  • Said rotation axis may be oriented either parallel or perpendicular to a wind incidence direction, hence the distinction between horizontal-axis wind turbines (also known as HAWT) and vertical-axis wind turbines (also known as VAWT).
  • HAWT horizontal-axis wind turbines
  • VAWT vertical-axis wind turbines
  • the present invention concerns a vertical-axis wind turbine, i.e.
  • a wind turbine wherein the rotation axis of the rotor is orthogonal to the wind incidence direction, in particular the“lift-type” (Darrieus) vertical-axis turbine, which differs from the“drag-type” (Savonius) vertical-axis turbine in that the wing elements take the propulsive thrust from the aerodynamic forces generated by the high speed of the wind hitting them, which is a combination of the actual speed of the wind and that of the aerofoils themselves.
  • the Savonius turbine has no aerofoils, but curved surfaces so shaped as to offer much resistance to the wind, being dragged by it like an anemometer.
  • the blades rotate about the rotation axis (i.e. the central axis), which is parallel to a direction along which the blades elongate.
  • - pa is the air density
  • - C p is the power coefficient, which is a parameter that quantifies aerodynamic efficiency, i.e. the ratio between the mechanical power that the turbine can produce and the power associated with the wind;
  • Tip Speed Ratio“TSR” is defined as the ratio between the tangential speed of the blade and the speed of the wind.
  • Any aeolian machine is characterized by a so-called“power curve”, wherein, for a given wind speed, Cp is related to TSR, the latter being varied by progressively braking the turbine.
  • Said curve is the reference for the exploitation of the energy produced by means of a given work machine.
  • The“solidity” parameter is defined as the ratio between the total surface of the blade and the projection of the area swept by the turbine blades on the plane orthogonal to the wind direction. Tendentially, TSR decreases as solidity increases.
  • the curves of machines with high Cp values are characterized by low efficiency values when they operate with TSRs that are far from the design values.
  • this characteristic translates into the self-starting inability of Darrieus turbines, which, instead of yielding energy, absorb energy below the starting speed (negative Cp).
  • the generator is used as a motor during the starting transient, obviously resulting in higher installation costs and reduced overall energetic efficiency of the installation.
  • Vertical-axis turbines are characterized by lower TSRs than horizontal-axis ones, and are therefore quieter.
  • One example of a vertical-axis wind turbine is shown in WO2011/078451-A, which illustrates a vertical-axis turbine, the operation of which is based on the lift principle.
  • Prior-art wind turbines also include hybrid solutions.
  • WO2013/136660- A illustrates a Darrieus turbine internally containing a Savonius turbine rigidly connected thereto. From the co-operation of the two turbines, an attempt is made to obtain self-starting ability and acceptable efficiency, but this is not a particularly effective trade-off.
  • Patent application WO2016/128879-A1 by the present Applicant describes a turbine for a vertical-axis wind turbine generator, comprising a pair of vertical blades, each one comprising a fixed wing and a variable-angle deflector, in front of the wing in the rotation direction, coupled to the supporting structure in diametrically opposite positions with respect to the operating trajectory, and wherein the tail of the first deflector is connected to the tail of the second deflector by means of a connection element configured for synchronizing the rotation of the first and second deflectors about the respective tilt axes.
  • This machine overcomes many of the typical limitations of this type of machines.
  • the most important limitation of the solution described therein is that the blades are either two or in pairs, and are arranged in diametrically opposite positions. This limits the application of the described solution to cases of machines equipped with diametrically opposite blade pairs.
  • the turbine for a vertical-axis wind turbine generator of the present invention is particularly simple, economical, efficient and reliable.
  • the turbine is structured in such a way as to make self-starting possible with any number of blades and to ensure high efficiency in all conditions of use, while being able to spontaneously self-limit its speed in the presence of winds stronger than the machine’s survival values.
  • the turbine for a vertical-axis wind turbine generator comprises a supporting structure, rotating about a central axis.
  • the supporting structure comprises a supporting shaft and at least one supporting arm.
  • the turbine comprises one or more blades, elongate in a longitudinal direction operatively parallel to the central axis of rotation.
  • the turbine of the invention belongs to the VAWT typology, wherein the central axis is parallel to a direction along which the blades elongate.
  • the scope of the invention is not limited to the case wherein the central axis is parallel to the weight force; in fact, said central axis may be spatially oriented in an arbitrary direction; therefore, the expression“vertical axis” in relation to the turbine should not be understood in a limiting sense as far as the orientation of the turbine axis is concerned.
  • each blade becomes an aerodynamic assembly having a configuration that changes according to the position of the blade itself relative to the wind direction and according to the wind speed, thus spontaneously adapting itself into the configuration of maximum propulsive efficiency.
  • the blades are connected to the supporting structure for rotating about the central axis along an operating trajectory, in a direction of rotation, and are connected to the supporting shaft by means of a supporting arm.
  • Said blades are each composed of one pair of aerofoils, each defining a head and a tail, wherein the head leads the tail in the direction of rotation, such aerofoils being preferably aligned with each other.
  • the foils that make up the blade will be distinguished as wing and deflector or flap.
  • the wing is rigidly connected to the turbine rotor by means of the interconnection arm, whereas the flap is provided at its ends with a hinge that gives it freedom of rotation relative to the blade that supports it.
  • the deflector of each blade has an aerofoil defining a head and a tail, wherein the head leads the tail in the direction of rotation.
  • the deflector is positioned along the operating trajectory with its tail proximal to the wing head.
  • the deflector is configured to oscillate about a tilt axis, passing through the deflector head and perpendicular to a plane containing an aerofoil of the deflector. Said tilt axis is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the blade.
  • the blade thus composed describes a reference cylindrical surface (for the behaviour of the flap), the longitudinal section of which is the reference section (swept area).
  • the deflector is hinged idle to the supporting structure to be able to oscillate about the tilt axis, and oscillates about said axis between two opposite positions, within a predefined maximum angular travel. Such travel is variable according to the direction and force of the apparent wind with respect to said deflector.
  • the tilt axis of the deflector (coinciding with the deflector head) and the wing head are both positioned on the reference cylindrical surface. Both are parallel to the main rotation axis. Therefore, the deflector head always remains at the same distance from the rotation axis of the turbine.
  • the distance of the deflector tail from the central axis changes as a function of the angular position of the same, since it oscillates about the tilt axis.
  • the deflector tail When the deflector is in the first angular limit position, the deflector tail is positioned on a cylindrical surface that is more external than the reference cylindrical surface whereon the wing head lies.
  • the deflector tail When the deflector is in the second angular limit position, the deflector tail is positioned on a cylindrical surface that is more internal than the reference cylindrical surface whereon the wing head lies.
  • the deflector moves alternately and cyclically from the first to the second angular limit position and vice versa. More specifically, during the revolution of the turbine the deflector tail moves from the first to the second position and then returns to the first position at the end of the 360°.
  • the apparent wind is defined as the wind perceived by an observer integral with the wing in motion, i.e. the vectorial combination of the actual wind and the peripheral speed of the turbine, with its sign inverted.
  • the foil chord is defined as the straight line that connects the front end to the rear end of an aerofoil.
  • the angle of incidence is defined as the angle formed by the apparent wind direction with the foil chord.
  • Lift is defined as the aerodynamic force orthogonal to the apparent wind direction
  • drag is defined as the force acting upon the foil in the apparent wind direction
  • Aerodynamic stall is defined as the phenomenon caused by the detachment of the fluid vein from the extrados of an aerofoil, which occurs beyond a given angle of incidence and progressively increases, causing loss of lift and increased drag.
  • the foil When these concepts are applied to a wing moving with rotary motion relative to the wind, one obtains that the foil will not stall on condition that its speed is very high compared to that of the wind.
  • the necessary condition is that the vectorial composition of the two speeds generates an angle of incidence not exceeding 8-12°.
  • the foil will not stall only for TSR values above 4-6, unless it can change its angle relative to the rotor while revolving about the rotation axis of the machine.
  • this task is carried out by the deflector, which, by continually orienting itself in such a way as to maintain its own optimal angle of incidence, collects as much propulsive energy as possible without ever stalling.
  • the deflectors be insensitive to the centrifugal forces that would otherwise tend to cause them to open outwardly, i.e. to orient themselves outwards relative to the reference cylinder. This can be achieved by connecting the tails together, thus cancelling, by mutual compensation, the resultant of the centrifugal forces. Without centrifugal forces, there will only remain the aerodynamic forces used for accurately orienting the deflectors with respect to the apparent wind direction, which is variable during the rotation.
  • the deflector control system of the present invention adopts a technical solution that overcomes the limitations of the solution described in the above-mentioned patent application WO2016/128879-A1, wherein the deflectors were connected together, but under the restrictive hypothesis that they should be diametrically opposite, thus limiting application to machines having an even number of wings.
  • the present invention describes a control device that allows extending the use of the turbine system with a tilting deflector and blades having co-operating foils, whatever the number of blades, whether even (opposite blades) or odd (non-opposable blades).
  • the turbine is designed to make the deflector assembly insensitive to centrifugal forces (or, more in general, to significantly reduce its sensitivity), at least for turbine revolution speed values lower than a reference limit value.
  • the deflectors When said speed limit is reached, the deflectors will start, through a mechanism, to be affected by the centrifugal forces and will assume a configuration that is no longer aerodynamically correct, resulting in energy dissipation that will prevent the turbine from reaching critical speeds.
  • tie-rod system In order to cancel the centrifugal forces generated by the deflectors’ mass, a tie-rod system has been implemented, the first end of each tie rod being connected to the tail of one deflector, while the second one converges toward the center at a pivot, the axis of which is shared by all tie rods, where all centrifugal forces are cancelled due to the system’ s symmetry (said tie rods are inextensible below the turbine’s survival speed values, and then elongate under the effect of the centrifugal force).
  • the first one sensitive to aerodynamic forces but not to centrifugal forces, determines the correct tilting of the flap in relation to the instantaneous direction of the wind that is hitting it.
  • the second one sensitive to centrifugal forces but not to aerodynamic forces, acts as a safety limiter.
  • the scheme of the element that ensures the correct oscillatory behaviour of the deflectors consists, in a non-limiting example, of a variable-eccentricity cam capable of spontaneously orienting itself (through the effect of the resultant of the aerodynamic forces collected by the deflectors themselves) in the direction opposite to the wind direction.
  • the extent of such eccentricity may derive from the equilibrium of the summation of said forces, with a proportional opposing force of any nature, whether elastic, magnetic, pneumatic, hydraulic, etc., or from the position control determined by a servocontrol.
  • the extent of the eccentricity deriving from the equilibrium between aerodynamic forces and opposing forces determines the amplitude of the angular range of the deflector, and hence the aerodynamic efficiency of the turbine assembly.
  • both the aerodynamic force and the magnetic force will vary according to a quadratic law relative to the eccentricity value, remaining mutually commensurate within the operating range of the device (of course, with appropriately sized active parts).
  • this is a variable-eccentricity eccentric device spontaneously orienting itself in the direction opposite to the wind direction, with an eccentricity value proportional to the wind force.
  • the element of said device which is used as a safety limiter includes, as its primary part, a preloaded elastic element where the centrifugal forces acting upon the deflectors converge, being transmitted thereto by the tie rods. When the centrifugal forces overcome such preload, the elastic element becomes deformed, thus allowing the deflectors to open in order to limit the revolution speed.
  • the preloaded elastic component comprises a preloaded spring, the preload of which corresponds to a given centrifugal force generated by the deflectors (or flaps), which, when exceeded, will cause the spring to start compressing, thereby allowing the deflector tails to move away from their rotation axis, i.e. permitting the mutual outward opening of the flaps, which will thus become aerodynamic brakes.
  • Such opening is progressive and increases/decreases proportionally to the centrifugal force generated by the deflectors, and therefore to the revolution speed of the turbine.
  • An anemometric device external to the machine measures the wind force and direction.
  • An electronic device processes the data supplied by the anemometer and establishes the orientation direction and extent of the cam movement, and possibly also establishes the braking opening of the flaps.
  • a system of electric or hydraulic servocontrols executes, with feedback control, the movements requested by the processor.
  • This is an assembly of three actuators, including one rotary actuator for cam direction control and two linear actuators for controlling, respectively, the eccentricity and the extent of the flaps’ braking opening. Notwithstanding higher implementation costs, such a configuration ensures better precision in controlling the mobile elements, which translates into higher efficiency of the machine.
  • blade + wing it may have any number of blades, each one composed of a pair of co-operating foils (flap + wing);
  • one of the two foils can tilt (flap) and changes its inclination as a function of its angular position, not of the revolution speed, because it is insensitive to the centrifugal forces; conversely, the other one (wing) is integrally constrained to the turbine’s rotor;
  • the proper operation of the deflectors is determined by the fact that they are connected to a device located at the center of the turbine itself, which can perform two functions:
  • the first one is to control the correct angular position of the deflector during the normal operation of the machine
  • the second one is to safeguard its safety in extreme wind conditions.
  • the mechanical control device described above may be replaced with a servomechanism, in which case the orientation, the eccentricity and, in case of braking, the opening of the deflectors are governed by actuators and by a logic system that optimizes the operation of the same in such a way as to maximize the efficiency of the turbine.
  • the present invention concerns, therefore, a turbine for a vertical-axis wind turbine generator.
  • the invention also concerns a wind turbine generator comprising said turbine, as well as an electric generator or any other work machine capable of operating by transforming the energy produced by the propeller into other forms of energy or any other generic utility.
  • the present invention relates to a turbine for a vertical-axis wind turbine generator, comprising:
  • At least one blade which is elongate in a longitudinal direction parallel to the central axis and connected to the supporting structure for rotating about the central axis in a rotation direction, said at least one blade comprising a fixed wing and a deflector aerodynamically co-operating with each other, the deflector being positioned in front of the wing in the rotation direction and oscillating about a tilt axis, which is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the blade and in a front position of said deflector relative to the rotation direction;
  • control system adapted to control the oscillation of said deflector of at least one blade, placed on said central axis and configured for orienting itself in the direction opposite to the wind, in order to take an eccentricity with respect to said central axis which is proportional to the force of the wind, and to determine the amplitude of said oscillation of the deflector proportionally to said eccentricity;
  • a limiter system adapted to limit the revolution speed of said at least one blade, connected to said control system and rotating concordantly with said at least one blade, configured for causing said deflector to open outwards of the turbine if the centrifugal force generated by the deflector exceeds a threshold value.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a wind turbine according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the parts of the turbine of Fig. 1 that make up the synchronous rotary assembly, i.e. the speed limiter device;
  • FIG. 3 respectively show an exploded perspective view, a general perspective view and a cross-sectional view of the parts of the turbine of Fig. 1 that make up the orientable slide, i.e. the device for controlling the orientation of the deflectors;
  • FIG. 5 shows a magnified view of the connection joint between the deflector orientation control rod and the deflector itself
  • FIG. 6a - 6d show views, i.e. a perspective top view, a sectional perspective top view, a cross-sectional view, a perspective bottom view, of a variant of the device for controlling the revolution speed and the deflector opening;
  • - Figures 7.1 - 7.4 show some examples of various orientation positions of the turbine blades;
  • FIG. 8 shows a turbine assembly with some components highlighted
  • FIG. 8B illustrates in detail, by showing a magnification of the component AA of Figure 8, the magnetic repulsion occurring within the slide.
  • T designates the turbine for a vertical-axis wind turbine generator, configured for transforming kinetic energy of an air mass in motion (i.e. kinetic energy of the wind) into mechanical energy in the form of output of propulsive torque at a given revolution frequency through a suitably supported shaft.
  • the turbine T comprises a supporting structure that rotates about a central axis A.
  • Said central axis A may be spatially oriented in an arbitrary direction.
  • the central axis is directed vertically.
  • the turbine T comprises at least one blade (23, 25), in this example three blades, which is elongate in a longitudinal direction operatively parallel to the central axis A, i.e. parallel to the central axis A when the turbine is in operation.
  • the blades are connected to the supporting structure for rotating about the central axis A along a circular operating trajectory.
  • Each blade comprises a wing 23 and a deflector or flap 25.
  • the deflector is proximal to the wing head.
  • the deflector is configured for oscillating about a tilt axis E, which passes through the deflector head and is perpendicular to a plane in which the deflector’s aerofoil lies. Said tilt axis is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the blade.
  • Each deflector is hinged idle to the supporting structure, to oscillate about its respective tilt axis E between first and second angular limit positions, which are variable within a predefined maximum range.
  • each deflector In order to move between the respective angular limit positions, each deflector rotates by an operating angle, the maximum value of which depends on the shape and dimensions of the aerofoils. When the machine is in operation, the deflectors can oscillate by any required angle within said maximum range.
  • each deflector is spaced apart from the head of the respective wing to define a gap between the deflector and the wing.
  • each wing and each deflector are biconvex.
  • the turbine of the invention is characterized by the presence of a device containing two essential and distinct parts, each one performing a specific function:
  • a first part (I) (the device for controlling the revolution speed, or synchronous rotary assembly) provides for connecting the deflectors to each other in order to cancel the centrifugal inertial forces in the normal operating conditions of the turbine and to exploit them for self-limiting the overspeed in case of extreme wind;
  • a second part (II) (the device controlling the opening of the variable-eccentricity deflectors, or orientable slide) provides for controlling the angular movement of the deflectors relative to the respective tilt axis E, and for making it variable as a function of the speed of the wind, for easier starting and optimized efficiency at any rpm.
  • the device is constructed by prearranging on the tail of each deflector a connection to one end of a tie rod (28, 38), which at the other end converges towards an axis common to all tie rods. Said axis rotates synchronously with the turbine, and is parallel and variably eccentric relative to the main rotation axis of the machine.
  • connections are rigid until a predefined centrifugal force is reached, beyond which they extend thanks to a suitably preloaded elastic component, thus allowing the deflector tails to move away from each other and the deflectors to open.
  • the device is based on the operation of a preloaded spring.
  • the preload position is set by a system of three columns (35) (Fig. 2) that limit, through nuts (39), the travel of the end plate (34) whereupon the spring (14) presses. At the end plate (34) all the centrifugal forces generated by the flaps converge, so that they are discharged onto the spring (14), which will then compress when the centrifugal forces overcome its preload.
  • the connection between the flaps (25) and the end plate (34) is effected by means of high-strength ropes (38) (made of DYNEEMA® in the described application) (Fig. 6), which allow the forces to be transferred from the radial direction (of the tie rods) to the axial direction of the spring.
  • each tie rod 101 to the end of which the flap is connected, is equipped with a small hydraulic cylinder 102 connected to a tank 103 suitably pressurized by a gas, capable of countering the centrifugal force.
  • the cylinders are connected to each other by hydraulic hoses 104 and to the tank by hydraulic hoses 105.
  • an electromechanical or hydraulic device controls the flap position on the basis of processed wind speed and machine speed data that are detected by external sensors and processed by a processor.
  • the device consists of a slide (46) ( Figures 3, 4, 6, 8B) equipped with skids (4) that slides on a system of guides (5-8), which can orient themselves freely in the plane orthogonal to the rotation axis A of the turbine (pin 20 on bushing 18), so that they can spontaneously take the direction where a system of external forces tends to drag them.
  • the rotary device On the back of said slide the rotary device is mounted, which constitutes the axis where the tie rods converge, the other end of the latter being connected to the flaps, along with the safety device described in I, where the forces generated by the flaps themselves converge, the resultant of which acts upon the slide.
  • the direction of the resultant of the aerodynamic forces acting upon the flaps determines the slide’s orientation direction.
  • the intensity of said resultant determines the extent of the eccentricity between the rotation axis A of the turbine and the rotation axis C where the tie rods converge.
  • the slide orients itself like a wind vane along the direction of the wind, and is dragged farther along that direction as the wind strength increases. This governs and optimizes the fluid-dynamic behaviour based on the aerodynamic co-operation of the deflector 25 + wing 23 pair, which lies at the basis of this invention.
  • said eccentricity with which the opening angle of the flaps is correlated is determined by the condition of equilibrium between the aerodynamic forces and the repulsion forces generated by pairs of permanent magnets (47’, 47”), wherein for each magnet mounted on the slide there is another magnet facing it, equal but with opposite polarity, mounted on the guides.
  • the permanent-magnet system is particularly suitable because it develops repulsive forces that increase quadratically with the eccentricity, which they tend to oppose, just like the wind force, which also increases quadratically but tends to increase the eccentricity, thus ensuring a stable equilibrium between the forces at a given wind speed.
  • Such device may otherwise be made by exploiting an elastic opposition system using springs, or hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders.
  • FIG. 6a A non-limiting variant of said device for controlling the opening of the deflectors implemented by means of a pneumatic cylinder is shown in Figures 6a to 6d.
  • the permanent-magnet repulsive system is replaced with a pneumatic cylinder 106, and the slide is replaced with a knee-joint rotary system, consisting of two connecting rods 107, 108 hinged on bearings.
  • One connecting rod (108) is pivoted at one end to the axis A, the other connecting rod (107) is pivoted to the axis C.
  • the two connecting rods have one mutually pivoted end 109 in common.
  • the behaviour of the knee joint is similar to that of the slide, i.e. it orients itself like a wind vane along the wind direction.
  • Another possible, although conceptually different, embodiment is based on the use of a pair of servocontrols capable of controlling the flap movement by means of the tie rods, the position of which is constantly governed by an electronic processing system that analyzes the data coming from external transducers (e.g. anemometers) and the turbine’s operating parameters, correlated together.
  • an electronic processing system that analyzes the data coming from external transducers (e.g. anemometers) and the turbine’s operating parameters, correlated together.
  • each flap may be provided with its own servocontrol constantly governing the angle relative to the wing.
  • Figure 1 shows a general view of the turbine T.
  • Said hub may consist of the rotor of an electric generator, as shown in the drawing, or an element provided with bearings, from which the energy is transferred to an rpm multiplier connected to a generator, or to another energy -using apparatus (e.g. a hydraulic pump).
  • brackets and anchor plates for fastening the transversal arms 2 at the center of the turbine.
  • 23 designates the fixed wings, e.g. made of drawn aluminium.
  • 26 designates the supporting structures (fastened to the sides of the fixed wings 23) of the flaps 25, and 27 designates the flap rotation pins.
  • Figure 2 shows an exploded view of the parts of the turbine of Fig. 1 that make up the synchronous rotary assembly (I), i.e. the above-mentioned speed limiter device.
  • the preload corresponds to the centrifugal force at which the flaps start opening, as described.
  • 35 designates vertical guiding bars for the elongation of the spring 14.
  • Figures 3, 4 and 6 respectively show an exploded perspective view, a general perspective view and a cross-sectional view of the parts of the turbine that make up the orientable slide, i.e. the above-mentioned device for controlling the orientation of the deflectors.
  • 11 designates a container for the reaction permanent magnets.
  • 12 designates a plate for closing the container of the permanent magnets 11.
  • Figures 7.1 - 7.4 illustrate, by means of a sequence of images, the behaviour of the flaps in relation to their angular position correlated with the wind direction.
  • they describe the behaviour of the deflector designated as (DEF.1) during the rotation, which behaviour is repeated in sequence by the other deflectors (of course, with an angular offset determined by the number of blades).
  • All figures show a top view of the whole turbine, and two increasingly magnified images of the framed area.
  • the wind is considered as having constant speed and direction (see arrow), and therefore in all images the controller is stably oriented in the wind direction with constant eccentricity.
  • the machine is hit by the wind, which starts blowing in the direction indicated by the arrow.
  • the flaps + controller system will tend to orient itself as shown (see angle in the magnification of FLAP 1), thus generating the machine starting torque, which, under the effect of the lift component strongly oriented in the blade advance direction, will start turning from the idle condition.
  • This position also corresponds to that of the machine in motion with FLAP 1 in conditions of“transverse” wind (orthogonal to the blade advance direction).
  • the figure illustrates the correlation between the angle assumed by the flap towards the inner space of the turbine and the orientation of the control device, at the center of the turbine.
  • the width of the angle assumed by the flap in this position is determined by the eccentricity and made possible by the controller, which in turn is a consequence of the equilibrium between the aerodynamic forces, which tend to increase said angle, and the opposing forces determined by the controller.
  • FLAP 1 is downwind, i.e. in the position opposite to position 1, and has the maximum angle relative to the fixed wing, but with the tail facing outwards from the turbine.
  • the propulsive thrust is again maximal, although it may be reduced by the presence of vortices generated by the passage of the upwind blades.
  • FLAP 1 begins moving upwind and repeats, with opposite positions relative to the fixed wing, the movement it made in the first half turn, until it reaches position 1 again, and so forth.
  • Fig. 8 and the corresponding magnified details AA and DD in Figs. 8A and 8B describe the behaviour of the system in physical terms.
  • The“apparent wind” on the aerofoil is defined as the vectorial summation of the actual wind and the foil speed with its sign inverted.
  • Vp peripheral blade speed peripheral revolution speed of the reference cylinder
  • Vv is the actual wind speed.
  • the blade is moving at a peripheral speed Vp.
  • Vp peripheral speed
  • Such speed according to the known aerodynamic principles, generates on the flap a force Ff that is the vectorial resultant of the lift Flf and the drag Fdf.
  • Ff the vectorial resultant of the lift Flf and the drag Fdf.
  • the aerodynamic forces are generated through the effect of the angle of incidence af.
  • the aerodynamic forces generated by the flap are made possible also with a low TSR due to the fact that, because of the flap’s tilting action (in this configuration, towards the space internal to the reference cylinder), the angle of incidence af takes values smaller than the foil stall values. Said angle assumes an appropriate value thanks to the equilibrium between the aerodynamic forces, which tend to reduce it, and the force T, which is generated by the controller by means of the above-described systems (magnetic, elastic, hydraulic, etc.). More generally, the architecture of the controller (described in the above list) is such that af will assume aerodynamically optimal values for all the flaps that are present on the turbine, at the same time.
  • the presence of the flap permits each one of the two foils to mutually benefit from the presence of the other (co-operating foils).
  • the flap is supported by the wing and needs it for structural reasons.
  • the wing can be efficient (it never enters the stall condition) even at low peripheral speeds when the angles of incidence increase, due to the effect of the presence of the flap, which adequately corrects the angle of incidence.
  • a properly sized system generates, jointly with the controller’s architecture, the opposing forces T, which allow maximizing the aerodynamic efficiency of this machine. Such efficiency is always maintained, even in highly variable wind conditions, in that the system can adapt itself instantaneously to the force of the wind.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une turbine (1) pour un générateur d'éolienne à axe vertical (17), comprenant : une structure de support (2), tournant autour d'un axe central (A) ; au moins une aube (23, 25), qui est allongée dans une direction longitudinale parallèle à l'axe central (A) et reliée à la structure de support (2) pour tourner autour de l'axe central (A) dans une direction de rotation, ladite au moins une aube comprenant une aile fixe (23) et un déflecteur (25) coopérant aérodynamiquement entre eux, le déflecteur étant positionné devant l'aile dans la direction de rotation et oscillant autour d'un axe d'inclinaison (E), qui est parallèle à la direction longitudinale de l'aube et dans une position avant dudit déflecteur (25) par rapport à la direction de rotation ; un système de commande (II) pouvant commander l'oscillation dudit déflecteur (25) d'au moins une aube, placé sur ledit axe central (A) et conçu pour s'orienter lui-même dans la direction opposée au vent, afin d'adopter une excentricité par rapport audit axe central (A) qui est proportionnelle à la force du vent, et pour déterminer l'amplitude de ladite oscillation du déflecteur proportionnellement à ladite excentricité ; un système limiteur (I) conçu pour limiter la vitesse de rotation de ladite au moins une aube (23, 25), relié audit système de commande et tournant de manière concordante avec ladite au moins une aube, conçu pour amener ledit déflecteur à s'ouvrir vers l'extérieur de la turbine si la force centrifuge générée par le déflecteur dépasse une valeur seuil.
PCT/IB2020/050478 2019-01-22 2020-01-22 Turbine pour générateur d'éolienne à axe vertical WO2020152590A1 (fr)

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IT102019000000919A IT201900000919A1 (it) 2019-01-22 2019-01-22 Turbina per generatore eolico ad asse verticale
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112145342A (zh) * 2020-10-13 2020-12-29 刘建东 一种聚风式垂直轴风力发电机

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2623774A2 (fr) * 2010-09-30 2013-08-07 Ki-Han Jung Turbine à axe vertical et turbine à axe vertical bidirectionnelle de type empilé comprenant celle-ci
WO2016064287A1 (fr) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-28 Łazur Zbigniew Rotor d'éolienne à axe de rotation vertical
WO2016128879A1 (fr) * 2015-02-13 2016-08-18 Cimatti Carlo Alberto Turbine pour générateur éolien à axe vertical
US20170051720A1 (en) * 2015-08-17 2017-02-23 Charles Grigg Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Configurable Airfoils

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101068443B1 (ko) 2009-12-24 2011-09-28 황지선 풍력 발전용 로터
WO2011150171A2 (fr) 2010-05-27 2011-12-01 Windstrip, Llc Pale de rotor pour turbine éolienne à axe vertical
JP6063445B2 (ja) 2012-03-14 2017-06-07 智也 中嶋 垂直軸風車

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2623774A2 (fr) * 2010-09-30 2013-08-07 Ki-Han Jung Turbine à axe vertical et turbine à axe vertical bidirectionnelle de type empilé comprenant celle-ci
WO2016064287A1 (fr) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-28 Łazur Zbigniew Rotor d'éolienne à axe de rotation vertical
WO2016128879A1 (fr) * 2015-02-13 2016-08-18 Cimatti Carlo Alberto Turbine pour générateur éolien à axe vertical
US20170051720A1 (en) * 2015-08-17 2017-02-23 Charles Grigg Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Configurable Airfoils

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112145342A (zh) * 2020-10-13 2020-12-29 刘建东 一种聚风式垂直轴风力发电机
CN112145342B (zh) * 2020-10-13 2022-11-08 福建凯威斯发电机有限公司 一种聚风式垂直轴风力发电机

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