WO2020151473A1 - 电池盖板、电池及车辆 - Google Patents

电池盖板、电池及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020151473A1
WO2020151473A1 PCT/CN2020/070112 CN2020070112W WO2020151473A1 WO 2020151473 A1 WO2020151473 A1 WO 2020151473A1 CN 2020070112 W CN2020070112 W CN 2020070112W WO 2020151473 A1 WO2020151473 A1 WO 2020151473A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
battery
cover plate
battery cover
deformable member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/070112
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡世超
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BYD Co Ltd filed Critical BYD Co Ltd
Publication of WO2020151473A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020151473A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cover, a battery and a vehicle.
  • connection terminals are drawn from the battery cover, one of which is electrically connected to the cover body, and the other is a bowl-shaped flip structure welded to the connection terminal.
  • the internal gas of the battery When the battery is under abnormal conditions, such as overcharge, the internal gas of the battery generates pressure to push the flip structure upward to turn the positive and negative poles of the battery on and realize the battery short circuit. After the short circuit, the internal energy of the battery is released, and the charging circuit is short. Connect, charging stops.
  • the upward turning force of the turning structure F the internal pressure of the battery P ⁇ the force area S
  • the internal pressure of the battery is constant during overcharge, and the force area needs to be increased to achieve the turning of the turning structure. Therefore, it will occupy the battery cover space, which cannot be achieved when the cover space is small.
  • welding of the flip structure on the cover plate occupies a certain cover space, which is difficult to apply under the condition of limited battery cover space.
  • the present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application proposes a battery cover plate that has an overcharge protection function and has a simple and compact structure.
  • the application also proposes a battery, which includes the battery cover described above.
  • the application also proposes a vehicle, which includes the above-mentioned battery.
  • the battery cover plate includes: a cover plate body having a connecting portion; a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively provided on the cover On the board body, the first electrode is electrically connected to the connecting portion; an air cavity communicated with the gas inside the battery, the air cavity includes side walls arranged in the up and down direction, at least part of the side walls are deformable
  • the deformable member is electrically connected to the second electrode, and the gas in the air cavity drives the deformable member to deform when the pressure increases, so that the deformable member is electrically connected to the connecting portion. Connected to realize electrical connection between the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • the battery cover plate of the embodiment of the present application by providing a gas cavity connected with the gas inside the battery, when the battery is in an abnormal condition, such as an overcharge state, the gas in the battery can enter the gas cavity and enter the gas cavity.
  • the gas can generate a force that pushes the deformable member, so that the deformable member is deformed and electrically connected to the connection part, so that the first electrode and the second electrode of the battery are short-circuited, so that the battery releases energy and disconnects the battery. Recharge.
  • the cover main body is provided with an assembly hole, the assembly hole is located between the first electrode and the second electrode, the air cavity is provided in the assembly hole, and
  • the air cavity has a first axis extending in the up-down direction, the air cavity includes a side wall formed by rotating and extending around the first axis, at least part of the side wall is the deformable part, and the side wall is located in the The deformable piece is in clearance fit with the assembling hole when it is not deformed.
  • the battery cover plate further includes a protective cover which is connected to the cover plate main body and is arranged on the outer side of the deformable element.
  • the protective cover is provided with air holes communicating with external air.
  • the deformable member is located at a radially outer side of the second electrode, and the deformable member cooperates with the second electrode to define the air cavity.
  • the air cavity is formed as one extending along the circumferential direction of the second electrode; or there are multiple air cavities, and the multiple air cavities are along the second electrode. Set at intervals in the circumferential direction.
  • the second electrode is provided with a gas channel for communicating the gas cavity with the inside of the battery.
  • the gas passage includes: a first vent section, the first vent section extending along the axial direction of the second electrode; a second vent section, the second vent section is connected to the The first venting section is in communication, and the second venting section extends along the radial direction of the second electrode.
  • the center line of the first ventilation section coincides with the axis of the second electrode.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the second electrode opposite to the deformable member is partially recessed inward in the radial direction to form a recess, and the upper and lower ends of the deformable member are respectively connected to the The second electrode is connected, and the deformable member and the recessed portion jointly define the air cavity.
  • the longitudinal section of the deformable member is formed in an arc shape convex toward the second electrode.
  • the battery cover plate is provided with a sink groove
  • the bottom wall of the sink groove is provided with a through hole
  • the second electrode penetrates the sink groove and the through hole .
  • the connecting portion includes: a first extension section electrically connected to the rest of the cover body; a second extension section, There is an included angle between the second extension section and the first extension section; a third extension section, the third extension section is parallel to the first extension section, and the first extension section and the third extension section
  • the sections are respectively connected to the two ends of the second extension section, the deformable member can be deformed to contact with the third extension section, the third extension section is provided with a receiving groove, and the first insulating member is provided at In the containing tank.
  • it further includes a second insulating member, the second electrode is provided with a circumferentially extending support portion, and the second insulating member is located between the third extension section and the support portion .
  • At least one of the deformable member and the cover body is provided with a coating, and the resistance of the coating is 1 milliohm to 3 milliohms.
  • the second electrode includes: an upper pole and a lower pole, one of the upper pole and the lower pole is provided with a boss, and the other is provided with the protrusion The groove for the table.
  • the first electrode is insulated and matched with the cover body
  • the second electrode is insulated and matched with the cover body
  • the first electrode is connected to the connecting portion through a lug. Electric connection.
  • the first electrode is electrically connected with the cover body, and the second electrode is insulated and matched with the cover body.
  • the battery according to the embodiment of the present application includes: a casing; a battery cover plate, the battery cover plate is the above-mentioned battery cover plate, and the cover plate main body is connected with the casing to define a closed cavity; The battery core is arranged in the cavity.
  • the battery of the embodiment of the present application by providing an air cavity connected to the gas inside the battery, when the battery is in an abnormal condition, such as an overcharge state, the gas in the battery can enter the air cavity, and the gas entering the air cavity can A force is generated to push the deformable element, so that the deformable element is deformed and electrically connected with the connecting part, so that the first electrode and the second electrode of the battery are short-circuited, so that the battery releases energy and disconnects the battery from charging.
  • the vehicle includes a battery, and the battery is the aforementioned battery.
  • the vehicle of the embodiment of the present application by installing the battery described above, when the battery of the vehicle is in an abnormal condition, such as an overcharged state, the first electrode and the second electrode of the battery can be short-circuited and protected, so that the battery is abnormal
  • an abnormal condition such as an overcharged state
  • the first electrode and the second electrode of the battery can be short-circuited and protected, so that the battery is abnormal
  • the safety performance under the situation is greatly improved, thereby improving the safety performance of the vehicle.
  • Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a battery cover according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a partial structural diagram of a battery cover according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a battery cover plate according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of the partial structure of part A circled in Figure 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a partial structural diagram of a battery cover plate according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cover plate according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a front view of the battery cover shown in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the A-A section shown in Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged view of the partial structure of part B circled in Figure 11;
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the cover body 10 The cover body 10, the connecting portion 110, the first extension section 111, the second extension section 112, the third extension section 113, the receiving groove 1130, the groove 101, the through hole 102, the assembly hole 103,
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral Ground connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be a connection between two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral Ground connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be a connection between two components.
  • the following describes the battery cover 100, the battery 1000, and the vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application with reference to FIGS. 1-13.
  • the battery cover 100 includes: a cover body 10, a first electrode 21, a second electrode 22, and a battery connected to the gas inside the battery 1000 ⁇ cavity 223.
  • the cover body 10 has a connecting portion 110, the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are respectively provided on the cover body 10, and the first electrode 21 is electrically connected to the connecting portion 110 .
  • the first electrode 21 can be directly electrically connected to the cover body 10 to realize the electrical connection between the first electrode 21 and the connecting portion 110; the connection between the first electrode 21 and the cover body 10 can also be insulated Fit, and the first electrode 21 is electrically connected to the connecting portion 110 through a tab.
  • Both the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are electrically connected to the cell 40 of the battery 1000, and the battery 1000 can be electrically connected to other components through the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22.
  • the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 may be the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery 1000.
  • the air cavity 223 includes side walls arranged in the up and down direction. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the “up and down direction” mentioned here can be understood as the inner and outer directions of the battery cover 100.
  • the side walls of the air cavity 223 By arranging the side walls of the air cavity 223 to extend in the up and down direction, the fixed connection of the side walls of the air cavity 223 is facilitated, and the occupied space of the air cavity 223 can be reduced, so that the structure of the battery cover 100 is more compact and reasonable.
  • deformable pieces 222 that is, all the sidewalls of the air cavity 223 may be formed as the deformable pieces 222, and the sidewalls of the air cavity 223 may also be partially formed as the deformable pieces 222.
  • the “deformable member 222” mentioned here can be understood as a component that can undergo deformation and has deformability. For example, when the deformable member 222 receives a force, the deformable member 222 may undergo corresponding topographical changes in a certain direction.
  • the deformable member 222 is electrically connected to the second electrode 22, and the gas in the air cavity 223 drives the deformable member 222 to deform when the pressure increases, so that the deformable member 222 and The connecting portion 110 is electrically connected to realize the electrical connection between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22.
  • the air pressure in the battery 1000 increases, and the gas in the battery 1000 can enter the air cavity 223, and the gas entering the air cavity 223 can push and deform.
  • the pressure of the member 222 drives the deformation of the deformable member 222 to be electrically connected to the connecting portion 110, thereby achieving electrical connection between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22, resulting in a short circuit of the battery 1000. After the battery 1000 is short-circuited, part of the energy is released, and the charging of the battery 1000 is disconnected.
  • the setting direction of the deformable element is along the horizontal direction perpendicular to the up and down direction (here the horizontal direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the up and down direction, or the direction parallel to the plane where the cover is located)
  • the deformable part flips up and down when deformed. Due to the limitation of the space of the battery cover, the area of the deformable part cannot be made large. On the one hand, the deformable part is Due to the small area and small force, the deformable part cannot be deformed in time.
  • the area of the deformable part is small and the flow capacity is small, so it is easy to fuse the deformable part; and in this application,
  • the deformable member 222 is arranged in the vertical direction, and the height of the deformable member 222 in the vertical direction is adjustable, so that it is easy to increase the force-bearing area of the deformable member 222.
  • the deformable member 222 has a large area. , The force is large, the deformable member 222 can be deformed in time to contact the connecting portion 110, so that the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are short-circuited.
  • the battery cover 100 of the embodiment of the present application by providing an air cavity 223 communicating with the gas inside the battery 1000, when the battery 1000 is in an abnormal state, such as an overcharge state, the gas in the battery 1000 can enter the air cavity 223, The gas entering the air cavity 223 can generate a force that pushes the deformable member 222, so that the deformable member 222 is deformed and electrically connected to the connecting portion 110, thereby realizing the short-circuit connection between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 of the battery 1000 , So that the battery 1000 releases energy and disconnects the charging of the battery 1000.
  • the safety performance of the battery 1000 under abnormal conditions is greatly improved, and the overall structure of the battery cover 100 is compact and reasonable.
  • the shape of the air cavity 223 is not particularly limited, and the location of the air cavity 223 on the cover body 10 is not particularly limited.
  • the cover body 10 may be provided with an assembly hole 103, which is located between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22, and the air cavity 223 is provided in the assembly ⁇ 103 ⁇ Within the hole 103. Therefore, the layout design of the air cavity 223 is facilitated.
  • the air cavity 223 has a first axis extending in the up and down direction.
  • the air cavity 223 includes a side wall formed by rotating and extending around the first axis, and at least part of the side wall is a deformable member 222.
  • all the side walls of the air cavity 223 may be configured as deformable members 222, and the side walls of the air cavity 223 may also be partially configured as deformable members 222.
  • the side wall is in clearance fit with the assembly hole 103 when the deformable member 222 is not deformed.
  • the deformable member 222 does not contact the connecting portion 110.
  • the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are not electrically connected.
  • the battery 1000 is in an abnormal state, such as an overcharged state, the air pressure in the air cavity 223 increases, and the air pressure can drive the deformable member 222 to be electrically connected to the connecting portion 110, so that the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are electrically connected
  • the battery 1000 is short-circuit protected.
  • the battery cover 100 may further include a protective cover 90 connected to the cover main body 10 and arranged on the outside of the deformable member 222. It is understandable that by providing the protective cover 90, the protective cover 90 can shield and protect the deformable member 222 and the air cavity 223, avoiding the deformable member 222 from being damaged by impact and affecting the normal operation of the battery 1000, thereby improving the battery 1000 Stability and reliability of operation.
  • the protective cover 90 may be provided with air holes communicating with external air. It should be noted that when the battery 1000 is in an abnormal state, such as an overcharged state, the air pressure in the air cavity 223 increases and drives the deformable member 222 to expand outward, thereby causing the protective cover 90 and the outer wall of the air cavity 223 The air pressure in the space between the shield 90 increases, and the shield 90 is provided with an air hole communicating with the external air, so that the gas in the space between the shield 90 and the outer wall of the air chamber 223 can be discharged from the air hole, avoiding the shield 90 and the air The increase in air pressure in the space between the outer walls of the cavity 223 affects the deformation of the deformable member 222, thereby improving the smoothness and reliability of the movement of the deformable member 222.
  • the deformable member 222 may be located radially outside the second electrode 22, and the deformable member 222 cooperates with the second electrode 22 to define an air cavity 223.
  • the deformable member 222 is arranged at the position of the second electrode 22, thereby making the layout of the battery cover 100 compact and reasonable, thereby saving the space of the battery cover 100.
  • the air cavity 223 may be formed as one extending along the circumferential direction of the second electrode 22.
  • the deformable member 222 may be electrically connected to the second electrode 22, and the deformable member 222 extends along the circumferential direction of the second electrode 22 to form a ring-shaped gas disposed around the second electrode 22. Cavities 223. Therefore, when the battery 1000 is short-circuited, the gas inside the battery 1000 enters the air cavity 223, and the gas entering the air cavity 223 can push the deformable member 222 to deform toward the cover body 10, and the deformable member 222 and the cover body 10 A circumferentially extending annular contact is formed between them.
  • the contact area between the deformable element 222 and the cover body 10 can be increased, and the contact area of the deformable element 222 and the cover body 10 can be prevented from being too small, and melting due to excessive current, which improves the reliability.
  • the multiple air cavities 223 it is possible to prevent the deformation failure of the deformable member 222 of one or more air cavities 223 from affecting the abnormal state protection function of the battery 1000, thereby improving the safety of the battery 1000 under abnormal conditions. Sex.
  • the gas-driven deformable member 222 in the gas cavity 223 is deformed along the radial direction of the second electrode 22 toward the direction close to the cover body 10, so as to The deformable member 222 is brought into contact with the cover body 10.
  • the deformable member 222 may be configured as a ring shape that protrudes toward the second electrode 22 in the radial direction.
  • the gas in the battery 1000 enters the gas cavity 223 through the gas channel S10, and the gas in the gas cavity 223 pushes the deformable member 222 outward in the radial direction, thereby making the The deforming member 222 is deformed toward the connecting portion 110, and the deformable member 222 is brought into contact with the cover body 10 to realize the electrical connection between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22.
  • the battery 1000 is short-circuited, the battery 1000 releases energy and disconnects the charging of the battery 1000.
  • the second electrode 22 is provided with a gas channel S10 for communicating the gas cavity 223 with the inside of the battery 1000.
  • the gas can enter the gas cavity 223 through the gas channel S10.
  • the second electrode 22 may have a plurality of air outlets A1 communicating with the air cavity 223.
  • the gas in the gas channel S10 can enter the gas cavity 223 through the multiple gas outlets A1.
  • the gas flow efficiency can be improved.
  • entering the air cavity 223 from the multiple air outlets A1 is beneficial to improve the uniformity and consistency of the pressure of the gas in the air cavity 223 to push the deformable member 222, and make the deformation at each position of the short circuit more balanced.
  • the gas passage S10 may include: a first ventilation section S11 and a second ventilation section S12, the first ventilation section S11 extends along the axial direction of the second electrode 22,
  • the second ventilation section S12 is in communication with the first ventilation section S11, and the second ventilation section S12 extends along the radial direction of the second electrode 22.
  • the lower end of the first vent section S11 may be connected to the inside of the battery 1000, and the upper end of the first vent section S11 may be connected to the second vent section S12.
  • the gas in the battery 1000 can flow into the second venting section S12 through the first venting section S11, and enter the air cavity 223 through the second venting section S12.
  • the gas channel S10 has a simple structure, convenient and smooth gas flow.
  • the center line of the first ventilation section S11 coincides with the axis of the second electrode 22. Therefore, it is beneficial to improve the structural strength of the second electrode 22, and the distances between the multiple air outlets A1 and the first venting section S11 can be made equal, which is beneficial to improve the flow rate of the air flow from the gas channel S10 into the air cavity 223. Uniformity and stability.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the second electrode 22 opposite to the deformable member 222 is partially recessed inward in the radial direction to form a recess 2200, and the deformable member 222
  • the upper and lower ends of the 2 are respectively connected to the second electrode 22, and the deformable member 222 and the recess 2200 jointly define an air cavity 223.
  • the deformable element 222 may be sleeved on the second electrode 22, and the upper and lower ends of the deformable element 222 are respectively connected to the second electrode 22, and an air cavity 223 is defined between the deformable element 222 and the inner wall of the recess 2200. It can be understood that by providing the recess 2200, the overall size of the second electrode 22 can be reduced, so that the structure of the battery cover 100 can be more compact and reasonable.
  • the longitudinal section of the deformable member 222 is formed in an arc shape convex toward the second electrode 22.
  • the “longitudinal section of the deformable member 222” described here can be understood as a section of the deformable member 222 in the vertical direction shown in FIG. 1.
  • the gas entering the air cavity 223 through the gas channel S10 can squeeze the deformable member 222, causing the deformable member 222 to expand outward in the direction of contact with the cover plate.
  • the main body 10 is in contact with a simple structure and reliable operation.
  • the battery cover plate 10 may be provided with a sink groove, the bottom wall of the sink groove is provided with a through hole, and the second electrode 22 penetrates the sink groove and Through hole.
  • a stepped structure can be formed on the battery cover 10, and the second electrode 22 can be sunkenly arranged on the battery cover 10, so that the structure of the battery 1000 can be made compact and the space utilization rate of the battery 1000 can be improved.
  • the battery cover 100 may further include a first insulating member 31 and a connecting portion 110.
  • the second electrode 22 and the battery cover plate 100 can be insulated and matched through the first insulating member 31.
  • the connecting portion 110 may include: a first extension section 111, a second extension section 112 and a third extension section 113.
  • the first extension section 111 is electrically connected to the rest of the cover body 10, the second extension section 112 and the first extension section 111 have an included angle, the third extension section 113 is parallel to the first extension section 111, and the first extension section
  • the third extension section 111 and the third extension section 113 are respectively connected to two ends of the second extension section 112.
  • the third extension section 113 extends toward the deformable member 222, and the deformable member 222 can be deformed to contact the third extension section 113.
  • the third extension section 113 is provided with a receiving groove 1130, and the first insulating member 31 is provided in the receiving groove 1130. It can be understood that by providing the receiving groove 1130 on the third extension section 113, the fixing and assembling of the first insulating member 31 is facilitated, and the firmness and reliability of the fixing of the first insulating member 31 can be improved.
  • the first insulating member 31 when the first insulating member 31 is assembled into the receiving groove 1130, the first insulating member 31 is located between the second electrode 22 and the cover body 10 to isolate the second electrode 22 and the cover body 10. , So as to realize the insulation coordination between the second electrode 22 and the cover body 10.
  • the battery cover 100 may further include a second insulating member 32, the second electrode 22 is provided with a circumferentially extending support portion 221, and the second The insulating member 32 is located between the third extension section 113 and the supporting portion 221.
  • the second insulating member 32 By providing the supporting portion 221 on the second electrode 22, the firmness and reliability of the fit between the second electrode 22 and the cover body 10 can be improved.
  • the second insulating member 32 By disposing the second insulating member 32 between the third extension 113 and the supporting portion 221, the insulating fit between the second electrode 22 and the cover body 10 can be achieved.
  • At least one of the deformable member 222 and the cover body 10 is provided with a coating.
  • a coating can be provided on the deformable member 222, a coating can be provided on the cover body 10, and a coating can also be provided on both the deformable member 222 and the cover body 10.
  • the deformable member 222 deforms toward the connecting portion 110 and contacts the connecting portion 110.
  • the coating may be provided on the mating surface of the deformable member 222 and the connecting portion 110, and the coating may also be provided on the mating surface of the connecting portion 110 and the deformable member 222; it may also be provided on the deformable member 222 and the connecting portion 110. Coating is provided on the mating surface.
  • the coating can be a resistive coating (such as plastic, ceramic, etc.) with a certain resistance value.
  • the resistance of the coating is 1 milliohm to 3 milliohms. After experimental verification, the resistance of the coating is set to 1 milliohm to 3 milliohms.
  • an abnormal state such as an overcharge state
  • the deformable member 222 is in contact with the connecting portion 110
  • the short-circuit current can easily dissolve the coating
  • the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are electrically connected stably and reliably, so that the safety when the battery 1000 is in an abnormal state is greatly improved.
  • the second electrode 22 and the deformable element 222 are both copper parts, and the second electrode 22 and the deformable element 222 are connected by welding.
  • the second electrode 22 of the second electrode 22 may include an upper pole 2201 and a lower pole 2202.
  • the lower pole 2202 is electrically connected to the battery core 40, and the upper pole 2201 can be electrically connected to other external components, so as to achieve electrical connection between the battery 1000 and other components.
  • the upper end of the deformable element 222 is welded to the upper pole 2201, and the lower end of the deformable element 222 is welded to the lower pole 2202.
  • the second electrode 22 may include: an upper pole 2201 and a lower pole 2202, one of the upper pole 2201 and the lower pole 2202 is provided with a boss 2203, the other is provided with a groove 2204 matching the boss 2203.
  • the boss 2203 and the groove 2204 a stable and reliable assembly between the upper pole 2201 and the lower pole 2202 can be realized, thereby facilitating the fixed assembly of the second electrode 22.
  • an upwardly protruding cylindrical boss 2203 can be provided on the upper end of the lower pole 2202, and an upwardly extending cylindrical groove 2204 can be provided on the lower end of the upper pole 2201.
  • an upwardly extending cylindrical groove 2204 can be provided on the lower end of the upper pole 2201.
  • the first electrode 21 is insulated and matched with the cover main body 10
  • the second electrode 22 is insulated and matched with the cover main body 10
  • the first electrode 21 is electrically connected to the connecting portion 110 through a lug.
  • the first electrode 21 is insulated and matched with the cover body 10” mentioned here can be understood as an insulating fit between the first electrode 21 and the cover body 10, or the first electrode 21 and the cover plate
  • the other parts of the main body 10 excluding the connecting portion 110 are insulated and fitted.
  • the cover main body 10 may be a conductive member as a whole, and the connection between the first electrode 21 and the cover main body 10 may be insulated and fitted with an insulating member, or other parts of the cover main body 10 excluding the connection portion 110 may be set as an insulating member,
  • the first electrode 21 is connected to the other part of the cover main body 10 excluding the connection part 110.
  • the first electrode 21 is electrically connected to the connection part 110 through a tab.
  • the first electrode 21 is electrically connected to the cover body 10, and the second electrode 22 is insulated and matched with the cover body 10.
  • the connection between the first electrode 21 and the cover main body 10 may be electrically connected, so as to realize the electrical connection between the first electrode 21 and the connection portion 110.
  • the diversification of the design of the battery cover 100 is improved.
  • the battery 1000 includes: a casing 80, a battery cover plate 100, and a battery cell 40.
  • the battery cover plate 100 is the aforementioned battery cover plate 100.
  • the board main body 10 is connected with the housing 80 to define a closed cavity, and the battery core 40 is arranged in the cavity.
  • the battery 1000 of the embodiment of the present application by providing a gas cavity 223 connected with the gas inside the battery 1000, when the battery 1000 is in an abnormal state, such as an overcharged state, the gas in the battery 1000 can enter the gas cavity 223 and enter the gas
  • the gas in the cavity 223 can generate a force that pushes the deformable element 222, so that the deformable element 222 is deformed and electrically connected to the connecting portion 110, so as to realize the short-circuit connection of the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 of the battery 1000, thereby
  • the battery 1000 is caused to release energy and the charging of the battery 1000 is disconnected.
  • the battery 1000 has good safety under abnormal conditions, and the overall structure of the battery cover plate 100 is compact and reasonable.
  • the battery core 40 may include a first tab 410 and a second tab 420.
  • the first tab 410 is connected to the first electrode 21 through the first lead-out piece 51.
  • the diode 420 is connected to the second electrode 22 through the second lead-out piece 52. It can be understood that by providing the first lead-out piece 51 and the second lead-out piece 52, the fixed connection between the first tab 410 and the first electrode 21 and between the second tab 420 and the second electrode 22 is facilitated.
  • the vehicle 1111 includes the battery 1000 described above.
  • the vehicle may be various vehicles such as automobiles, trucks, and rail vehicles.
  • the vehicle 1111 of the embodiment of the present application by providing the battery 1000 described above, when the battery 1000 of the vehicle 1111 is in an abnormal state, such as an overcharged state, the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 of the battery 1000 can be short-circuited.
  • the protection improves the safety of charging the battery 1000 of the vehicle 1111, thereby improving the safety performance of the vehicle 1111.
  • the battery 1000 includes: a battery cover 100, a casing 80, and a battery core 40.
  • the battery cover plate 100 includes: a cover plate body 10, a filling hole sealing nail 60, an explosion-proof valve 70, a first electrode 21, a second electrode 22, a first insulating member 31 and a second insulating member 32.
  • the liquid injection hole sealing nail 60 and the explosion-proof valve 70 are both welded and connected to the cover main body 10.
  • the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are respectively provided on the cover body 10, the first electrode 21 is a positive electrode, and the second electrode 22 is a negative electrode.
  • the first electrode 21 is electrically connected to the cover body 10, and the second electrode 22 is insulated and matched with the cover body 10.
  • the battery cell 40 includes a first tab 410 and a second tab 420.
  • the first tab 410 is connected to the first electrode 21 through a first lead-out piece 51
  • the second tab 420 is connected through a second lead-out piece. 52 is connected to the second electrode 22.
  • the cover main body 10 has a connecting portion 110 disposed adjacent to the second electrode 22, and the connecting portion 110 is configured as a ring shape extending along the circumferential direction of the deformable member 222.
  • the connecting portion 110 includes a first extension section 111, a second extension section 112, and a third extension section 113.
  • the first extension section 111 is electrically connected to the rest of the cover body 10, and the second extension section 112 is connected to the first extension section 111.
  • the first extension section 111 and the third extension section 113 are respectively connected to both ends of the second extension section 112.
  • the third extension section 113 is provided with In the receiving groove 1130, the first insulating member 31 is arranged in the receiving groove 1130.
  • the first insulating member 31 may be interference-fitted in the receiving groove 1130, and the first insulating member 31 may also be bonded in the receiving groove 1130.
  • the second electrode 220 and the deformable part 222 are both copper parts or copper alloy parts, and the second electrode 22 and the deformable part 222 are connected by welding.
  • An aluminum cap 224 is welded to the free end of the second electrode 22 to facilitate the connection between the battery 1000 and other batteries or other components.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the second electrode 22 opposite to the deformable member 222 is partially recessed inward in the radial direction to form a recess 2200.
  • the deformable member 222 extends along the circumferential direction of the second electrode 22.
  • the second electrode 22 includes an upper pole 2201 and a lower pole 2202.
  • the lower end surface of the upper pole 2201 is provided with an upwardly extending groove 2204, and the lower pole 2202
  • a boss 2203 extending upward is provided on the upper end surface of the upper end surface, and the upper pole 2201 and the lower pole 2202 are fixedly assembled by the cooperation of the boss 2203 and the groove 2204.
  • the upper end of the deformable piece 222 is welded to the upper pole 2201, and the lower end of the deformable piece 222 is welded to the lower pole 2202.
  • a closed air cavity 223 is defined between the deformable member 222 and the inner wall of the recess 2200.
  • the force-receiving area of the deformable member 222 is the arc-shaped inner surface area of the deformable member 222, and the force-receiving area is large, which is beneficial for the gas in the air cavity 223 to drive the deformable member 222 to deform.
  • the lower pole 2202 is provided with a circumferentially extending support portion 221 at a position below the recessed portion 2200, the second insulating member 32 is located between the third extending section 113 and the support portion 221, and the second insulating member 32 is a ceramic ring.
  • the ceramic ring is connected to the third extension section 113 and the supporting portion 221 by brazing.
  • the deformable member 222 and the second electrode 22 When assembling the battery cover 100, the deformable member 222 and the second electrode 22, the ceramic ring and the third extension 113 and the support portion 221 can be brazed simultaneously. It is also possible to braze the deformable element 222 and the second electrode 22 first, and then braze the ceramic ring between the third extension 113 and the support portion 221.
  • the second electrode 22 has a gas channel S10 communicating with the gas cavity 223 and the inside of the battery 1000.
  • the gas in the battery 1000 is suitable for entering the gas cavity 223 through the gas channel S10 under pressure.
  • the gas drives the deformable member 222 to expand outward along the radial direction of the second electrode 22, so that the deformable member 222 contacts the connecting portion 110, so as to realize the electrical connection between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22.
  • At least one of the deformable member 222 and the connecting portion 110 is provided with a resistance coating (such as plastic, ceramic, etc.).
  • the gas passage S10 includes: a first venting section S11 and a second venting section S12, the first venting section S11 extends along the axial direction of the second electrode 22, and the center line of the first venting section S11 It coincides with the axis of the second electrode 22.
  • the second venting section S12 communicates with the first venting section S11, and the second venting section S12 extends along the radial direction of the second electrode 22.
  • the second venting section S12 has two air outlets A1 communicating with the air cavity 223.
  • the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 of the battery 1000 are located on the same plane in the height direction.
  • the second electrode 22 sinks toward the inner side of the cover main body 10, the part of the second electrode 22 that is higher than the cover main body 10 is the same height as the first electrode 21, and the cell 20 has a stepped structure. Therefore, it is beneficial to increase the volume of the battery cell 40 and improve the space utilization rate of the battery 1000 and the volume of the battery cell 40.
  • the internal air pressure of the battery 1000 increases, and the gas enters the air cavity 223 through the gas channel S10.
  • the air pressure reaches a preset pressure
  • the deformable member 222 expands outward under the action of the air pressure , And contact with the connecting portion 110, the entire battery 1000 forms an external short circuit.
  • the contact position between the deformable part 222 and the connecting part 110 is coated with a certain resistance value.
  • the short-circuit current melts the resistance coating and releases part of the energy.
  • the short-circuited external circuit becomes a pure metal circuit. The resistance is much lower than the battery 1000 circuit, which cannot Continue to charge to ensure the safety of the battery 1000 charging process.
  • the gas in the battery 1000 can enter the gas cavity 223, and the gas in the gas cavity 223 can A force is generated to push the deformable member 222 to deform the deformable member 222 along the radial direction of the second electrode 22, so that the deformable member 222 contacts the connecting portion 110 with the cover body 10 or the second electrode 22.
  • the battery 1000 has good safety under abnormal conditions, and the overall structure of the battery cover plate 100 is compact and reasonable.
  • the battery cover 100 further includes a protective cover 90, the cover body 10 is provided with a mounting hole 103, and the mounting hole 103 is located in the first Between the electrode 21 and the second electrode 22, an air cavity 223 is provided in the assembly hole 103.
  • the protective cover 90 is connected to the cover main body 10 and covered on the outer side of the deformable member 222, and the protective cover 90 is provided with air holes communicating with external air.
  • the air cavity 223 has a first axis extending in the up-down direction, and the air cavity 223 includes a side wall formed by rotating and extending around the first axis, and the side wall is a deformable member 222.
  • the side wall is in clearance fit with the assembly hole 103 when the deformable member 222 is not deformed. In other words, when the side wall is not deformed, the deformable member 222 does not contact the connecting portion 110. At this time, the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are not electrically connected.
  • the air pressure in the air cavity 223 increases, and the air pressure can drive the deformable member 222 to be electrically connected to the connecting portion 110, so that the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22 are electrically connected
  • the battery 1000 is short-circuit protected.
  • the protective cover 90 can shield and protect the deformable member 222 and the air cavity 223, prevent the deformable member 222 from being damaged by impact and affect the normal operation of the battery 1000, and improve the stability and stability of the battery 1000 operation. reliability.
  • the gas in the space between the protective cover 90 and the outer wall of the air chamber 223 can be discharged from the air holes, avoiding the space between the protective cover 90 and the outer wall of the air chamber 223
  • the increase in air pressure inside affects the deformation of the deformable member 222, thereby improving the smoothness and reliability of the movement of the deformable member 222.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池盖板（100）、电池及车辆，电池盖板（100）包括：盖板主体（10）、第一电极（21）、第二电极（22）以及与电池内部气体相连通的气腔（223），盖板主体（10）具有连接部（110），第一电极（21）与连接部（110）电连接，气腔（223）包括沿上下方向设置的侧壁，至少部分侧壁为可变形件（222），可变形件（222）与第二电极（22）电连接，气腔（223）内的气体在压力增大时驱使可变形件（222）发生形变，以使可变形件（222）与连接部（110）电连接，以实现第一电极（21）与第二电极（22）之间的电连接。

Description

电池盖板、电池及车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为：201910072991.7，申请日为2019年1月25日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池盖板、电池及车辆。
背景技术
相关技术中，电池盖板上引出两个连接端子，其中一个连接端子与盖板主体电连接，另一个连接端子焊接有的碗形翻转结构件。当电池处于异常情况下，如过充状态时，电池内部气体产生推动翻转结构件向上翻转的压力，以使电池正负极导通，实现电池短路，短路后释放电池内部能量，同时充电回路短接，充电停止。
上述技术方案中，存在如下缺陷：翻转结构件向上翻转的力F＝电池内部压强P×受力面积S，过充时电池内部压强一定，需要增加受力面积来实现翻转结构件的翻转，由此，会占据电池盖板空间，当盖板空间小时无法实现。而且，翻转结构件焊接在盖板上占用一定的盖板空间，在电池盖板空间有限的条件下，应用困难。
申请内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请提出一种电池盖板，所述电池盖板具有过充保护功能，且电池盖板结构简单、紧凑。
本申请还提出一种电池，所述电池包括上述所述的电池盖板。
本申请还提出一种车辆，所述车辆包括上述所述的电池。
根据本申请实施例的电池盖板，包括：盖板主体，所述盖板主体具有连接部；第一电极和第二电极，所述第一电极和所述第二电极分别设在所述盖板主体上，所述第一电极与所述连接部电连接；与电池内部的气体相连通的气腔，所述气腔包括沿上下方向设置的侧壁，至少部分所述侧壁为可变形件，所述可变形件与所述第二电极电连接， 所述气腔内的气体在压力增大时驱使所述可变形件发生形变，以使所述可变形件与所述连接部电连接，以实现所述第一电极与所述第二电极之间的电连接。
根据本申请实施例的电池盖板，通过设置与电池内部气体相连通的气腔，当电池处于异常状况下，如过充状态时，电池内的气体可以进入气腔内，进入气腔内的气体可以产生推动可变形件的作用力，以使可变形件发生形变并与连接部电连接，实现电池的第一电极和第二电极的短路连接，从而使电池释放能量并断开对电池的充电。通过上述设置，使得电池在异常情况下的安全性能大大提高，而且电池盖板的整体结构紧凑、合理。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述盖板主体设有装配孔，所述装配孔位于所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间，所述气腔设在所述装配孔内，所述气腔具有沿上下方向延伸的第一轴线，所述气腔包括围绕所述第一轴线旋转延伸形成的侧壁，至少部分所述侧壁为所述可变形件，所述侧壁在所述可变形件未变形时与所述装配孔间隙配合。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电池盖板还包括：防护罩，所述防护罩与所述盖板主体连接并罩设于所述可变形件的外侧。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述防护罩设有与外部气体连通的气孔。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述可变形件位于所述第二电极的径向外侧，所述可变形件与所述第二电极配合限定出所述气腔。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述气腔形成为沿所述第二电极的周向方向延伸的一个；或所述气腔为多个，多个所述气腔沿所述第二电极的周向方向间隔设置。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二电极设有用于连通所述气腔和所述电池内部的气体通道。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述气体通道包括：第一通气段，所述第一通气段沿所述第二电极的轴向延伸；第二通气段，所述第二通气段与所述第一通气段连通，所述第二通气段沿所述第二电极的径向方向延伸。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一通气段的中心线与所述第二电极的轴线重合。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第二电极的与所述可变形件相对的外周壁局部沿径向方向向内凹陷以形成凹陷部，所述可变形件的上下两端分别与所述第二电极连接，且所述可变形件与所述凹陷部共同限定出沿所述气腔。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述可变形件的纵截面形成为朝向所述第二电极凸起的弧形形状。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述电池盖板设有沉槽，所述沉槽的底壁设有贯通的通 孔，所述第二电极穿设于所述沉槽和所述通孔。
根据本申请的一些实施例，还包括第一绝缘件，所述连接部包括：第一延伸段，所述第一延伸段与所述盖板主体的其余部分电连接；第二延伸段，所述第二延伸段与所述第一延伸段之间具有夹角；第三延伸段，所述第三延伸段与所述第一延伸段平行，所述第一延伸段和所述第三延伸段分别与所述第二延伸段的两端相连，所述可变形件变形可与所述第三延伸段接触，所述第三延伸段上设有容纳槽，所述第一绝缘件设于所述容纳槽内。
在本申请的一些实施例中，还包括第二绝缘件，所述第二电极设有周向延伸的支撑部，所述第二绝缘件位于所述第三延伸段与所述支撑部之间。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述可变形件与所述盖板主体的至少一个设有涂层，所述涂层的电阻为1毫欧-3毫欧。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第二电极包括：上极柱和下极柱，所述上极柱和所述下极柱中的一个设有凸台，另一个设有与所述凸台相适配的凹槽。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一电极与所述盖板主体绝缘配合，所述第二电极与所述盖板主体绝缘配合，所述第一电极通过接线片与所述连接部电连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一电极与所述盖板主体电连接，所述第二电极与所述盖板主体绝缘配合。
根据本申请实施例的电池，包括：壳体；电池盖板，所述电池盖板为上述所述的电池盖板，所述盖板主体与所述壳体连接以限定出封闭的腔室；电芯，所述电芯设于所述腔室内。
根据本申请实施例的电池，通过设置与电池内部气体相连通的气腔，当电池处于异常状况下，如过充状态时，电池内的气体可以进入气腔内，进入气腔内的气体可以产生推动可变形件的作用力，以使可变形件发生形变并与连接部电连接，实现电池的第一电极和第二电极的短路连接，从而使电池释放能量并断开对电池的充电。通过上述设置，使得电池在异常情况下的安全性能大大提高，而且电池盖板的整体结构紧凑、合理。
根据本申请实施例的车辆，所述车辆包括：电池，所述电池为上述所述的电池。
根据本申请实施例的车辆，通过设置上述所述的电池，当车辆的电池处于异常状况下，如过充状态时，电池的第一电极和第二电极可以发生短路连接保护，使得电池在异常情况下的安全性能大大提高，从而提高了车辆的安全性能。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得 明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本申请实施例的电池盖板的局部结构剖视图；
图2是根据本申请实施例的电池盖板的局部结构示意图；
图3是根据本申请实施例的电池盖板的剖视图；
图4是图3中圈示的A部分的局部结构爆炸图；
图5是根据本申请实施例的电池盖板的局部结构示意图；
图6是根据本申请实施例的电池的剖视图；
图7是根据本申请实施例的电池的结构示意图；
图8是根据本申请实施例的电池的结构示意图；
图9是根据本申请另一实施例的电池盖板的结构示意图；
图10是图9中所示的电池盖板的主视图；
图11是图10中所示的A-A截面的剖视图；
图12是图11中圈示的B部分的局部结构放大图；
图13是根据本申请实施例的车辆的结构示意图。
附图标记：
车辆1111，
电池1000，
电池盖板100，
盖板主体10，连接部110，第一延伸段111，第二延伸段112，第三延伸段113，容纳槽1130，凹槽101，通孔102，装配孔103，
第一电极21，第二电极22，凹陷部2200，上极柱2201，下极柱2202，凸台2203，凹槽2204，支撑部221，可变形件222，气腔223，铝帽224，
第一绝缘件31，第二绝缘件32，绝缘部件33，
电芯40，第一极耳410，第二极耳420，
第一引出片51，第二引出片52，
注液孔密封钉60，
防爆阀70，
壳体80，
防护罩90，
气体通道S10，第一通气段S11，第二通气段S12，出气口A1。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下面参考图1-图13描述根据本申请实施例的电池盖板100、电池1000及车辆。
如图3和图5所示，根据本申请实施例的电池盖板100，电池盖板100包括：盖板主体10、第一电极21、第二电极22以及与电池1000内部的气体相连通的气腔223。
具体而言，如图1-图4所示，盖板主体10具有连接部110，第一电极21和第二电极22分别设在盖板主体10上，第一电极21与连接部110电连接。需要说明的是，第一电极21可以直接与盖板主体10电连接，以实现第一电极21与连接部110之间的电连接；第一电极21与盖板主体10的连接处也可以绝缘配合，且第一电极21通过接线片与连接部110电连接。第一电极21和第二电极22均与电池1000的电芯40电连接，电池1000可以通过第一电极21和第二电极22与其他部件进行电连接。第一电极21和第二电极22可以是电池1000的正极和负极。
气腔223包括沿上下方向设置的侧壁。如图1和图2所示，这里所述的“上下方向” 可以理解为电池盖板100的内外方向。通过设置气腔223的侧壁沿上下方向延伸，便于气腔223侧壁的固定连接，而且可以减小气腔223的占用空间，使电池盖板100的结构更加紧凑、合理。
至少部分侧壁为可变形件222，也就是说，气腔223的侧壁可以全部形成为可变形件222，气腔223的侧壁也可以部分形成为可变形件222。需要说明的是，这里所述的“可变形件222”可以理解为可以发生形变、具有形变性能的部件。例如，当可变形件222受力时，可变形件222可以沿某方向发生相应地形变。
如图1、图2和图4所示，可变形件222与第二电极22电连接，气腔223内的气体在压力增大时驱使可变形件222发生形变，以使可变形件222与连接部110电连接，以实现第一电极21与第二电极22之间的电连接。
需要说明的是，当电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，电池1000内的气压增大，电池1000内的气体可以进入到气腔223内，进入气腔223内的气体产生推动可变形件222的压力，从而驱使可变形件222发生形变与连接部110电连接，由此，可以实现第一电极21和第二电极22之间的电连接，导致电池1000短路。电池1000短路后释放部分能量，并断开对电池1000的充电。
现有技术中，如专利公开号103022403A中可变形件的设置方向为沿与上下方向垂直的水平方向设置(此处水平方向是指与上下方向垂直的方向，或者盖板所在平面平行的方向)，可变形件变形时沿上下方向翻转，该种设计，由于电池盖板空间的限制，可变形件的面积不可能做的很大，一方面，在电池内部气压一定的情况下，可变形件由于面积较小，受力较小，可变形件不能及时变形，另外一方面，可变形件的面积较小，过流能力较小，容易将可变形件熔断；而在本申请中，将可变形件222沿上下方向设置，可变形件222在上下方向的高度可调，从而很容易增加可变形件222的受力面积，在电池1000内部气压一定的情况下，可变形件222由于面积大，受力大，可变形件222能及时变形以与连接部110接触，从而使第一电极21和第二电极22短接。
根据本申请实施例的电池盖板100，通过设置与电池1000内部气体相连通的气腔223，当电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，电池1000内的气体可以进入气腔223内，进入气腔223内的气体可以产生推动可变形件222的作用力，以使可变形件222发生形变并与连接部110电连接，实现电池1000的第一电极21和第二电极22的短路连接，从而使电池1000释放能量并断开对电池1000的充电。通过上述设置，使得电池1000在异常情况下的安全性能大大提高，而且电池盖板100的整体结构紧凑、合理。
本申请对气腔223的形状不作特殊限定，对气腔223在盖板主体10的设置位置不 作特殊限定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图11和图12所示，盖板主体10可以设有装配孔103，装配孔103位于第一电极21和第二电极22之间，气腔223设在装配孔103内。由此，便于气腔223的布局设计。
如图12所示，气腔223具有沿上下方向延伸的第一轴线，气腔223包括围绕第一轴线旋转延伸形成的侧壁，至少部分侧壁为可变形件222。也就是说，气腔223的侧壁可以全部设置为可变形件222，气腔223的侧壁也可以部分设置为可变形件222。
如图11和图12所示，侧壁在可变形件222未变形时与装配孔103间隙配合。也就是说，侧壁在可变形件222未变形时，可变形件222与连接部110之间不接触，此时，第一电极21与第二电极22不发生电连接。当电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，气腔223内的气压增大，气压可以驱使可变形件222与连接部110发生电连接，以使第一电极21和第二电极22电连接而对电池1000进行短路保护。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图11和图12所示，电池盖板100还可以包括：防护罩90，防护罩90与盖板主体10连接并罩设于可变形件222的外侧。可以理解的是，通过设置防护罩90，防护罩90可以对可变形件222和气腔223起到遮挡保护的作用，避免可变形件222被撞击损坏而影响电池1000的正常运行，提高了电池1000运行的稳定性和可靠性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图11和图12所示，防护罩90可以设有与外部气体连通的气孔。需要说明的是，当电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，气腔223内的气压增大并驱使可变形件222向外膨胀，由此，会导致防护罩90与气腔223外壁之间的空间内的气压增大，通过在防护罩90设置与外部气体连通的气孔，可以使防护罩90与气腔223外壁之间的空间内的气体从气孔排出，避免了防护罩90与气腔223外壁之间的空间内的气压增大而影响可变形件222发生形变，从而提高了可变形件222运动的顺畅性和可靠性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1-图4所示，可变形件222可以位于第二电极22的径向外侧，可变形件222与第二电极22配合限定出气腔223。将可变形件222设置在第二电极22位置，由此，可以使得电池盖板100的布局紧凑、合理，从而节省电池盖板100的空间。
在本申请的一些实施例中，气腔223可以形成为沿第二电极22的周向方向延伸的一个。如图1-图4所示，可变形件222可以与第二电极22电连接，且可变形件222沿第二电极22的周向方向延伸，以形成围绕第二电极22设置的环形的气腔223。由此， 当电池1000短路时，电池1000内部的气体进入气腔223内，进入气腔223内的气体可以推动可变形件222朝向盖板主体10发生形变，可变形件222与盖板主体10之间形成周向延伸的环面接触。由此，可以增大可变形件222与盖板主体10之间的接触面积，避免可变形件222与盖板主体10的接触部位面积过小，而因电流过大而造成熔融，提高了可变形件222与盖板主体10之间连接的可靠性和稳定性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，气腔223可以为多个，多个气腔223可以沿第二电极22的周向方向间隔设置。由此，通过设置多个气腔223，可以避免因某一个或多个气腔223的可变形件222发生形变故障而影响电池1000的异常状态保护功能，提高了电池1000在异常情况下的安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，结合图1和图2所示，气腔223内的气体驱动可变形件222沿第二电极22的径向方向朝向靠近盖板主体10的方向发生形变，以使可变形件222与盖板主体10接触。
需要说明的是，如图1和图2所示，可变形件222可以被构造为沿径向方向朝向第二电极22凸起的环状。当电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，电池1000内的气体经气体通道S10进入到气腔223内，气腔223内的气体沿径向方向向外推动可变形件222，从而使可变形件222朝向连接部110发生形变，并使可变形件222与盖板主体10接触而实现第一电极21和第二电极22之间的电连接。电池1000短路连接时，电池1000释放能量并断开对电池1000的充电。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1和图2所示，第二电极22设有用于连通气腔223和电池1000内部的气体通道S10，当电池1000内压力增大时，电池1000内部的气体可以经过气体通道S10进入到气腔223内。如图1和图2所示，第二电极22可以具有多个与气腔223连通的出气口A1。由此，气体通道S10内的气体可以经过多个出气口A1进入到气腔223内。由此，可以提高气体流通效率。而且，从多个出气口A1进入气腔223内，有利于提高气腔223内气体推动可变形件222的压力的均匀性和一致性，使短路各位置处的形变更加均衡。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1和图2所示，气体通道S10可以包括：第一通气段S11和第二通气段S12，第一通气段S11沿第二电极22的轴向延伸，第二通气段S12与第一通气段S11连通，第二通气段S12沿第二电极22的径向方向延伸。
结合图1、图2和图6所示，第一通气段S11的下端可以与电池1000内部连通，第一通气段S11的上端与第二通气段S12连通。电池1000内的气体受压后可以经第一通气段S11流入第二通气段S12，并经第二通气段S12进入气腔223内，气体通道S10 的结构简单、气体流动方便、顺畅。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图1和图2所示，第一通气段S11的中心线与第二电极22的轴线重合。由此，有利于提高第二电极22的结构强度，而且，可以使多个出气口A1距离第一通气段S11的距离均相等，从而有利于提高由气体通道S10进入气腔223内的气流的均匀性和稳定性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图1和图2所示，第二电极22的与可变形件222相对的外周壁局部沿径向方向向内凹陷以形成凹陷部2200，可变形件222的上下两端分别与第二电极22连接，且可变形件222与凹陷部2200共同限定出沿气腔223。例如，可变形件222可以套设于第二电极22上，且可变形件222的上下两端分别与第二电极22连接，可变形件222与凹陷部2200的内壁之间限定出气腔223。可以理解的是，通过设置凹陷部2200，可以减小第二电极22的整体尺寸，从而可以使电池盖板100的结构更加紧凑、合理。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1和图2所示，可变形件222的纵截面形成为朝向第二电极22凸起的弧形形状。需要说明的是，这里所述的“可变形件222的纵截面”可以理解为图1中所示的可变形件222的沿上下方向的截面。通过设置可变形件222的纵截面为朝向第二电极22凸起的弧形形状，可以使得第二电极22的整体结构更加紧凑、合理。而且，当电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，经气体通道S10进入气腔223内的气体可以挤压可变形件222，使可变形件222沿向方向向外膨胀，以与盖板主体10接触，结构简单、运行可靠。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图1和图2所示，电池盖板10可以设有沉槽，沉槽的底壁设有贯通的通孔，第二电极22穿设于沉槽和通孔。由此，可以使电池盖板10上形成阶梯状结构，使第二电极22下沉式设置于电池盖板10，从而可以使电池1000的结构紧凑，并提高电池1000的空间利用率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1、图2和图4所示，电池盖板100还可以包括第一绝缘件31和连接部110。第二电极22和电池盖板100之间可以通过第一绝缘件31实现绝缘配合。
如图1、图2和图4所示，连接部110可以包括：第一延伸段111、第二延伸段112和第三延伸段113。第一延伸段111与盖板主体10的其余部分电连接，第二延伸段112与第一延伸段111之间具有夹角，第三延伸段113与第一延伸段111平行，第一延伸段111和第三延伸段113分别与第二延伸段112的两端相连，第三延伸段113朝向可变形件222延伸，可变形件222变形可与第三延伸段113接触。
结合图1和图4所示，第三延伸段113上设有容纳槽1130，第一绝缘件31设于容纳槽1130内。可以理解的是，通过在第三延伸段113上设置容纳槽1130，便于第一绝缘件31的固定装配，而且，可以提高第一绝缘件31固定的牢固性和可靠性。
如图3和图4所示，第一绝缘件31装配至容纳槽1130内时，第一绝缘件31位于第二电极22与盖板主体10之间以隔离第二电极22和盖板主体10，从而实现第二电极22与盖板主体10之间的绝缘配合。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图1、图2和图4所示，电池盖板100还可以包括第二绝缘件32，第二电极22设有周向延伸的支撑部221，第二绝缘件32位于第三延伸段113与支撑部221之间。通过在第二电极22上设置支撑部221，可以提高第二电极22与盖板主体10之间配合的牢固性和可靠性。通过在第三延伸段113与支撑部221之间设置第二绝缘件32，则可以实现第二电极22与盖板主体10之间的绝缘配合。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可变形件222与盖板主体10中的至少一个设有涂层。也就是说，可以在可变形件222设置涂层，也可以在盖板主体10设置涂层，还可以在可变形件222和盖板主体10上均设置涂层。
需要说明的是，结合图1和图2所示，当电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，可变形件222朝向连接部110发生形变并与连接部110接触。涂层可以设于可变形件222的与连接部110的配合面处，涂层也可以设于连接部110的与可变形件222的配合面处；还可以在可变形件222和连接部110的配合面上均设置涂层。涂层可以为具有一定电阻值的电阻涂层(如塑料、陶瓷等)。由此，当可变形件222与连接部110接触时，短路电流通过电阻涂层时，释放部分能量并将涂层溶解，同时，电池1000断开充电。
涂层的电阻为1毫欧-3毫欧。经过实验验证，涂层的电阻设置为1毫欧-3毫欧，当电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，可变形件222与连接部110接触时，短路电流可以方便地溶解涂层以释放能量，并使第一电极21和第二电极22稳定可靠地电连接，以使电池1000处于异常状态时的安全性大大提高。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第二电极22和可变形件222均为铜制件，第二电极22与可变形件222之间焊接连接。由此，可以提高可变形件222与第二电极22之间连接的牢固性和可靠性。如图1和图2所示，第二电极22的第二电极22可以包括上极柱2201和下极柱2202。下极柱2202与电芯40电连接，上极柱2201可以与外部其他部件电连接，以实现电池1000与其他部件之间的电连接。可变形件222的上端与上极柱2201焊接连接，可变形件222的下端与下极柱2202焊接连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1和图2所示，第二电极22可以包括：上极柱2201和下极柱2202，上极柱2201和下极柱2202中的一个设有凸台2203，另一个设有与凸台2203相适配的凹槽2204。由此，可以通过凸台2203和凹槽2204的配合，实现上极柱2201和下极柱2202之间的稳固可靠装配，从而便于第二电极22的固定装配。
如图1和图2所示，可以在下极柱2202的上端设置向上凸起的圆柱形凸台2203，在上极柱2201的下端设置向上延伸的圆柱形凹槽2204，通过将凸台2203伸入凹槽2204内实现上极柱2201和下极柱2202之间的高效、可靠装配。当然，也可以在上极柱2201设置凸台2203，在下极柱2202设置凹槽2204，通过凸台2203与凹槽2204的配合实现上极柱2201和下极柱2202的高效、可靠装配。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一电极21与盖板主体10绝缘配合，第二电极22与盖板主体10绝缘配合，第一电极21通过接线片与连接部110电连接。需要说明的是，这里所述的“第一电极21与盖板主体10绝缘配合”，可以理解为第一电极21与盖板主体10的连接位置处绝缘配合、或第一电极21与盖板主体10的除去连接部110的其他部分绝缘配合。例如，盖板主体10整体可以为导电件，第一电极21与盖板主体10的连接处可以通过绝缘件绝缘配合，或盖板主体10的除去连接部110的其他部分可以设置为绝缘件，第一电极21与盖板主体10的除去连接部110的其他部分连接。第一电极21通过接线片与连接部110电连接。当电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，气腔223内的气压增大以驱使可变形件222与连接部110接触，从而实现第一电极21和第二电极22的短路连接保护。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一电极21与盖板主体10电连接，第二电极22与盖板主体10绝缘配合。例如，第一电极21与盖板主体10的连接处可以电连接，以实现第一电极21与连接部110电连接。由此，提高了电池盖板100设计的多样化。
根据本申请实施例的电池1000，如图6和图7所示，电池1000包括：壳体80、电池盖板100和电芯40，电池盖板100为上述所述的电池盖板100，盖板主体10与壳体80连接以限定出封闭的腔室，电芯40设于腔室内。
根据本申请实施例的电池1000，通过设置与电池1000内部气体相连通的气腔223，当电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，电池1000内的气体可以进入气腔223内，进入气腔223内的气体可以产生推动可变形件222的作用力，以使可变形件222发生形变并与连接部110电连接，实现电池1000的第一电极21和第二电极22的短路连接，从而使电池1000释放能量并断开对电池1000的充电。通过上述设置，使得电池1000 在异常状态下具有良好的安全性，而且电池盖板100的整体结构紧凑、合理。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图6所示，电芯40可以包括第一极耳410和第二极耳420，第一极耳410通过第一引出片51与第一电极21连接，第二极耳420通过第二引出片52与第二电极22连接。可以理解的是，通过设置第一引出片51和第二引出片52，便于第一极耳410与第一电极21之间、第二极耳420与第二电极22之间的固定连接。
如图13所示，根据本申请实施例的车辆1111，车辆1111包括上述所述的电池1000。例如，车辆可以是汽车、货车、轨道车辆等各种车辆。
根据本申请实施例的车辆1111，通过设置上述所述的电池1000，当车辆1111的电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，电池1000的第一电极21和第二电极22可以发生短路连接保护，提高了车辆1111电池1000充电的安全性，从而提高了车辆1111的安全性能。
下面参照图1-图12以两个具体的实施例详细描述根据本申请实施例的电池1000。值得理解的是，下述描述仅是示例性说明，而不是对本申请的具体限制。
实施例一：
如图6-图8所示，电池1000包括：电池盖板100、壳体80和电芯40。
其中，如图6和图7所示，盖板主体10与壳体80连接以限定出封闭的腔室，电芯40设于腔室内。电池盖板100包括：盖板主体10、注液孔密封钉60、防爆阀70、第一电极21、第二电极22、第一绝缘件31和第二绝缘件32。注液孔密封钉60和防爆阀70均与盖板主体10焊接连接。第一电极21和第二电极22分别设在盖板主体10上，第一电极21为正极，第二电极22为负极。第一电极21与盖板主体10电连接，第二电极22与盖板主体10绝缘配合。
如图6所示，电芯40包括第一极耳410和第二极耳420，第一极耳410通过第一引出片51与第一电极21连接，第二极耳420通过第二引出片52与第二电极22连接。
如图1和图2所示，盖板主体10具有连接部110，连接部110邻近第二电极22设置，连接部110被构造为沿可变形件222的周向方向延伸的环状。连接部110包括：第一延伸段111、第二延伸段112和第三延伸段113，第一延伸段111与盖板主体10的其余部分电连接，第二延伸段112与第一延伸段111之间具有夹角，第三延伸段113与第一延伸段111平行，第一延伸段111和第三延伸段113分别与第二延伸段112的 两端相连，第三延伸段113上设有容纳槽1130，第一绝缘件31设于容纳槽1130内。第一绝缘件31可以过盈配合在容纳槽1130内，第一绝缘件31也可以粘接在容纳槽1130内。
如图1和图2所示，第二电极220和可变形件222均为铜制件或铜合金制件，第二电极22与可变形件222之间焊接连接。第二电极22的自由端焊接有铝帽224，以便于电池1000与其他电池或其他部件之间的连接。
如图1和图2所示，第二电极22的与可变形件222相对的外周壁局部沿径向方向向内凹陷以形成凹陷部2200。可变形件222沿第二电极22的周向方向延伸，第二电极22包括上极柱2201和下极柱2202，上极柱2201的下端面设有向上延伸的凹槽2204，下极柱2202的上端面设有向上延伸的凸台2203，上极柱2201和下极柱2202通过凸台2203和凹槽2204的配合固定装配。
可变形件222的上端与上极柱2201焊接，可变形件222的下端与下极柱2202焊接连接。可变形件222与凹陷部2200的内壁之间限定出封闭的气腔223。可变形件222的受力面积为可变形件222的圆弧状的内表面积，受力面积大，从而有利于气腔223内的气体驱动可变形件222发生形变。下极柱2202的位于凹陷部2200的下方位置处设有周向延伸的支撑部221，第二绝缘件32位于第三延伸段113与支撑部221之间，第二绝缘件32为陶瓷环。陶瓷环与第三延伸段113和支撑部221之间均通过钎焊连接。
在装配电池盖板100时，可变形件222与第二电极22之间、陶瓷环与第三延伸段113以及支撑部221之间可以同时钎焊。也可以先钎焊可变形件222与第二电极22，再将陶瓷环钎焊于第三延伸段113和支撑部221之间。
如图1和图2所示，第二电极22具有连通气腔223和电池1000内部的气体通道S10，电池1000内的气体受压适于由气体通道S10进入气腔223内，气腔223内的气体驱动可变形件222沿第二电极22的径向方向向外膨胀，以使可变形件222与连接部110接触，以实现第一电极21与第二电极22之间的电连接。可变形件222与连接部110中的至少一个设有电阻涂层(如塑料、陶瓷等)。
如图1和图2所示，气体通道S10包括：第一通气段S11和第二通气段S12，第一通气段S11沿第二电极22的轴向延伸，且第一通气段S11的中心线与第二电极22的轴线重合。第二通气段S12与第一通气段S11连通，第二通气段S12沿第二电极22的径向方向延伸，第二通气段S12具有两个与气腔223连通的出气口A1。
为了方便电池1000成组装配，电池1000的第一电极21与第二电极22在高度方向位于在同一平面。如图6所示第二电极22朝向盖板主体10内侧下沉，第二电极22的 高出盖板主体10部分与第一电极21等高，电芯20为阶梯形结构。由此，有利于提高电芯40的体积提高电池1000的空间利用率和电芯40的体积。
当电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，电池1000内部气压增大，气体经气体通道S10进入气腔223，当气压达到预设的压力时，可变形件222在气压作用下向外膨胀，并与连接部110接触，整个电池1000形成外部短路回路。可变形件222与连接部110接触位置有一定阻值得涂层，短路电流熔融电阻涂层并释放部分能量，短路外部回路变成纯金属回路，阻值远低于电池1000回路，电池1000无法继续充电，保证电池1000充电过程安全。
由此，通过设置与电池1000内部气体相连通的气腔223，当电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，电池1000内的气体可以进入气腔223内，进入气腔223内的气体可以产生推动可变形件222的作用力，以使可变形件222沿第二电极22的径向方向发生形变，以使可变形件222并与盖板主体10或第二电极22接触连接部110电连接，实现电池1000的第一电极21和第二电极22的短路连接，从而使电池1000释放能量并断开对电池1000的充电。通过上述设置，使得电池1000在异常状态下具有良好的安全性，而且电池盖板100的整体结构紧凑、合理。
实施例二：
如图9-图12所示，与实施例一不同的是，在该实施例中，电池盖板100还包括：防护罩90，盖板主体10设有装配孔103，装配孔103位于第一电极21和第二电极22之间，气腔223设在装配孔103内。如图11和图12所示，防护罩90与盖板主体10连接并罩设于可变形件222的外侧，防护罩90设有与外部气体连通的气孔。
如图11和图12所示，气腔223具有沿上下方向延伸的第一轴线，气腔223包括围绕第一轴线旋转延伸形成的侧壁，侧壁为可变形件222。侧壁在可变形件222未变形时与装配孔103间隙配合。也就是说，侧壁在可变形件222未变形时，可变形件222与连接部110之间不接触，此时，第一电极21与第二电极22不发生电连接。当电池1000处于异常状态，如过充状态时，气腔223内的气压增大，气压可以驱使可变形件222与连接部110发生电连接，以使第一电极21和第二电极22电连接而对电池1000进行短路保护。
由此，通过将气腔223设在第一电极21和第二电极22之间，便于气腔223的布局设计。通过设置防护罩90，防护罩90可以对可变形件222和气腔223起到遮挡保护的作用，避免可变形件222被撞击损坏而影响电池1000的正常运行，提高了电池1000 运行的稳定性和可靠性。
而且，通过在防护罩90设置与外部气体连通的气孔，可以使防护罩90与气腔223外壁之间的空间内的气体从气孔排出，避免了防护罩90与气腔223外壁之间的空间内的气压增大而影响可变形件222发生形变，从而提高了可变形件222运动的顺畅性和可靠性。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池盖板，其特征在于，包括：
    盖板主体，所述盖板主体具有连接部；
    第一电极和第二电极，所述第一电极和所述第二电极分别设在所述盖板主体上，所述第一电极与所述连接部电连接；以及
    与电池内部的气体相连通的气腔，所述气腔包括沿上下方向设置的侧壁，至少部分所述侧壁为可变形件，所述可变形件与所述第二电极电连接，所述气腔内的气体在压力增大时驱使所述可变形件发生形变，以使所述可变形件与所述连接部电连接，以实现所述第一电极与所述第二电极之间的电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述盖板主体设有装配孔，所述装配孔位于所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间，所述气腔设在所述装配孔内，所述气腔具有沿上下方向延伸的第一轴线，所述气腔包括围绕所述第一轴线旋转延伸形成的侧壁，至少部分所述侧壁为所述可变形件，所述侧壁在所述可变形件未变形时与所述装配孔间隙配合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，还包括：防护罩，所述防护罩与所述盖板主体连接并罩设于所述可变形件的外侧。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述防护罩设有与外部气体连通的气孔。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述可变形件位于所述第二电极的径向外侧，所述可变形件与所述第二电极配合限定出所述气腔。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述气腔形成为沿所述第二电极的周向方向延伸的一个；或所述气腔为多个，多个所述气腔沿所述第二电极的周向方向间隔设置。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述第二电极设有用于连通所述气腔和所述电池内部的气体通道。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述气体通道包括：
    第一通气段，所述第一通气段沿所述第二电极的轴向延伸；
    第二通气段，所述第二通气段与所述第一通气段连通，所述第二通气段沿所述第二电极的径向方向延伸。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述第一通气段的中心线与所述第二电极的轴线重合。
  10. 根据权利要求5至9中任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述第二电极的与所述可变形件相对的外周壁局部沿径向方向向内凹陷以形成凹陷部，所述可变形件的上下两端分别与所述第二电极连接，且所述可变形件与所述凹陷部共同限定出沿所述气腔。
  11. 根据权利要求5至10中任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述可变形件的纵截面形成为朝向所述第二电极凸起的弧形形状。
  12. 根据权利要求5至11中任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述电池盖板设有沉槽，所述沉槽的底壁设有贯通的通孔，所述第二电极穿设于所述沉槽和所述通孔。
  13. 根据权利要求5至12中任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，还包括第一绝缘件，所述连接部包括：
    第一延伸段，所述第一延伸段与所述盖板主体的其余部分电连接；
    第二延伸段，所述第二延伸段与所述第一延伸段之间具有夹角；
    第三延伸段，所述第三延伸段与所述第一延伸段平行，所述第一延伸段和所述第三延伸段分别与所述第二延伸段的两端相连，所述可变形件变形可与所述第三延伸段接触，所述第三延伸段上设有容纳槽，所述第一绝缘件设于所述容纳槽内。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，还包括第二绝缘件，所述第二电极设有周向延伸的支撑部，所述第二绝缘件位于所述第三延伸段与所述支撑部之间。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述第二电极与所述盖板主体中的至少一个设有涂层，所述涂层的电阻为1毫欧-3毫欧。
  16. 根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述第二电极包括：上极柱和下极柱，所述上极柱和所述下极柱中的一个设有凸台，另一个设有与所述凸台相适配的凹槽。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述第一电极与所述盖板主体绝缘配合，所述第二电极与所述盖板主体绝缘配合，所述第一电极通过接线片与所述连接部电连接。
  18. 根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述第一电极与所述盖板主体电连接，所述第二电极与所述盖板主体绝缘配合。
  19. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体；
    电池盖板，所述电池盖板为根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的电池盖板，所述盖板主体与所述壳体连接以限定出封闭的腔室；
    电芯，所述电芯设于所述腔室内。
  20. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括：电池，所述电池为根据权利要求19所述的电池。
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