WO2020151104A1 - 一种组装成型的竹轨枕及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种组装成型的竹轨枕及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020151104A1
WO2020151104A1 PCT/CN2019/083251 CN2019083251W WO2020151104A1 WO 2020151104 A1 WO2020151104 A1 WO 2020151104A1 CN 2019083251 W CN2019083251 W CN 2019083251W WO 2020151104 A1 WO2020151104 A1 WO 2020151104A1
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Prior art keywords
bamboo
sleeper
blank
unit
preparation
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PCT/CN2019/083251
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡进波
彭坚
曾卫红
熊艳辉
刘迪钦
薛志成
李贤军
吴志平
苌姗姗
刘贡钢
李婷
Original Assignee
湖南桃花江竹材科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 湖南桃花江竹材科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 湖南桃花江竹材科技股份有限公司
Priority to US17/425,333 priority Critical patent/US20220098799A1/en
Priority to EP19911265.7A priority patent/EP3904027B1/en
Priority to CA3127661A priority patent/CA3127661C/en
Publication of WO2020151104A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020151104A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like
    • B27J1/003—Joining the cane side by side
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/02—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from wood
    • E01B3/10—Composite sleepers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/32—Mixtures of different inorganic impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/38—Aromatic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K9/00—Chemical or physical treatment of reed, straw, or similar material
    • B27K9/002—Cane, bamboo
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
    • B27M3/0026—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally
    • B27M3/0046—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally by rods or tie wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
    • B27M3/006—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected both laterally and at their ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/02—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/20—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses
    • B27N3/203—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses with heating or cooling means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/02—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/44—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from other materials only if the material is essential
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/46—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
    • B27K2240/20—Removing fungi, molds or insects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of new materials for railways and urban rail transit, in particular to an assembled and formed bamboo sleeper and a preparation method thereof.
  • the new type of bamboo is a characteristic bamboo product that replaces wood with bamboo and uses green building materials outdoors.
  • its production technology has become more and more mature, and the product quality has become more and more stable.
  • it also has better elasticity and is more suitable as a blank for railway sleepers.
  • bamboo is rich in resources, green and sustainable, and solves the shortcomings of insufficient supply of high-quality wood for wooden sleepers, and the disadvantages of chemical products such as creosote oil required for anti-corrosion treatment that harm the environment and human health; it can also make up for the high consumption of concrete sleepers and steel sleepers. Shortcomings such as energy and unsustainable resources.
  • the existing wooden sleepers, concrete sleepers, steel sleepers, and composite sleepers for ballasted railways have the following shortcomings: for example, wooden sleepers have short lifespan, are easy to wear, and the mechanical properties of different wooden sleepers are different, etc.; another example is concrete sleepers. , Poor insulation, high brittleness, poor elasticity, risk of impact damage, low stability, heavy weight, difficult to replace, difficult to recycle, etc.; there are also steel sleepers, which are not insulated, noisy during driving, high rigidity, easy to rust, etc. And so on; There are also composite sleepers, which are light in weight, have poor nail-holding capabilities for fasteners and bolts, and are easily affected by the environment and become brittle.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a green and environmentally friendly bamboo sleeper suitable for assembly and molding of ballast tracks of railways and urban rail transit and a preparation method thereof.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the bamboo sleeper uses bamboo units as raw materials and undergoes drying and modification treatments, dopamine solution coating treatment, dipping, curing molding, assembly gluing, re-curing, and dopamine at 110-180°C.
  • the solution is re-treated, anti-mildew and/or anti-corrosion and/or insect-proof treatment, and obtained after fastening.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing an assembled bamboo sleeper, which includes the following steps:
  • step 2) Spray or immerse the bamboo unit after drying and modification in step 1) in a dopamine solution, and obtain a silk-like bamboo unit coated with polydopamine after drying;
  • step 2) Immerse the silky bamboo unit that has been coated with polydopamine in step 2) in the adhesive I for dipping, drain and dry until the moisture content of the bamboo unit is 10%-16% to obtain a blank;
  • step 4) Assemble and glue the two or more bamboo boards in step 4) according to the preset requirements, assemble the blanks, and solidify to obtain the bamboo sleeper blanks;
  • step 6) Coating the surface of the bamboo sleeper blank in step 5) with a dopamine solution, and then performing anti-mildew and/or anti-corrosion and/or anti-insect treatments to obtain a bamboo sleeper that has undergone anti-mildew and/or anti-corrosion and/or anti-insect treatments;
  • step 6) The bamboo sleepers that have undergone the anti-mildew and/or anti-corrosion and/or insect-proof treatments in step 6) are fastened firmly with fasteners to assemble the formed bamboo sleepers.
  • the surface of the bamboo slats is flat, zigzag, or tenon.
  • the step 5) is specifically: finger-joining two or more bamboo boards in step 4) according to preset requirements, coating adhesive II on the upper and lower surfaces of the bamboo boards, forming a blank, and after the adhesive is cured, bamboo sleeper body.
  • the method of assembling blanks is assembling blanks in the direction of bamboo fibers and/or in crisscrossing the direction of bamboo fibers.
  • the adhesive II is one of polyurethane adhesive, epoxy resin adhesive and thermosetting reactive polyurethane resin.
  • the bamboo board needs to be cut and sanded before the finger joint; the cutting method is along the direction of the bamboo fiber and/or perpendicular to the direction of the bamboo fiber.
  • the anti-mold and/or anti-corrosion and/or anti-insect treatment in step 6) specifically includes: coating the surface of the bamboo sleeper body with a dopamine solution and then drying, first coating a titanyl sulfate solution, drying, and then coating a silver nitrate solution , Dry, get bamboo sleepers.
  • the step 4) is specifically: after the blank in step 3) is laid and assembled, it is solidified and formed by a hot pressing process to obtain a bamboo board; the pressure of the hot pressing process is 15-30 MPa and the temperature is 120-160°C .
  • the hot pressing time is t
  • the thickness of the bamboo board is D
  • t D ⁇ 2400
  • the unit of t is second
  • the unit of D is millimeter.
  • the pretreatment in the step 1) specifically includes: removing the bamboo green and bamboo yellow from the bamboo unit, steaming and softening it, washing and rubbing, to obtain the pretreated bamboo unit.
  • the adhesive I is a phenol resin or modified urea resin solution with a solid content of 20%-30%.
  • the dipping treatment is ultrasonic pulse-assisted normal pressure treatment, and the time is 15-30 minutes.
  • the pressure during the dipping treatment is 0.2-0.8 MPa, and the time is 10-20 minutes.
  • the length of the bamboo board is 800-1600mm, the width is more than 180mm, and the thickness is more than 120mm.
  • the length of the bamboo board is 700-1200mm, the width is more than 180mm, and the thickness is more than 120mm.
  • the concentration of the dopamine solution in step 2) or step 6) is 0.01-1 mg/mL, and the pH value of the dopamine solution is 7-9.
  • the concentration of the titanyl sulfate solution is 0.001 to 1 mol/L, and the pH is 7 to 10; the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is 0.001 to 0.1 mol/L.
  • the coating times of the dopamine solution, the titanyl sulfate solution and the silver nitrate solution are all 2 to 4 times.
  • the cooking solution pretreated in step 1) is ammonia water or sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with a pH of 8-9, and the cooking time is 1 to 2 hours.
  • the fastener is a stainless steel hoop
  • the thickness of the fastener is 2 to 4 mm
  • the width is 50 to 60 mm.
  • the assembled bamboo sleeper of the present invention and the preparation method thereof, the bamboo unit is coated with polydopamine to improve its elasticity and waterproofing, glued and assembled together, and then treated with polydopamine to be treated with mildew, antiseptic and insect proof (weather resistance treatment) ,
  • High-temperature hydrothermal drying is modified to degrade starch and other sugars required for the nutrition of molds. High temperature causes its mechanical strength to drop.
  • the improved treatment of polydopamine can be applied in industrialization, with simple manufacturing process and low manufacturing cost.
  • the assembled bamboo sleeper of the present invention has high density, moderate elastic modulus, mildew-proof, anti-corrosion, anti-cracking, and repeated high-strength rolling.
  • the invention of this technology provides new ideas for the construction of ballasted tracks in railways and urban rail transit.
  • the material is especially suitable for sleepers in urban rail transit. It is green and environmentally friendly, which further expands the application range of new bamboo materials.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of finger joints along the direction of bamboo fibers.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of finger joints with bamboo fibers crisscrossed in the direction.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the bamboo sleeper track along the bamboo fiber direction.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of bamboo sleeper rails criss-crossed in the direction of bamboo fibers.
  • Figure 6 is a graph of the test results of the bamboo board.
  • Example 1 Take a 2000mm long, 200mm wide, 160mm thick multi-piece bamboo board assembly type sleeper as an example
  • the method for preparing an assembled bamboo sleeper of this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • the filamentous bamboo unit is dried and multi-effected under superheated steam with a superheat of 30°C at 150°C to a moisture content of about 15%, and the filamentous bamboo unit after drying and hydrothermal treatment is obtained.
  • the filamentous bamboo unit was sprayed with 0.05 mg/mL dopamine solution (Tris buffer solution was added to adjust the pH to 8), and it was naturally dried for 7 hours to obtain the polydopamine-treated filamentous bamboo unit.
  • the dipping treatment can be performed under the condition of a pressure of 0.2 to 0.8 MPa for 10 to 20 minutes, and the same or similar technical effects can also be achieved.
  • the blank is passed through the pavement assembly, and the phenolic resin adhesive is cured and formed by a hot pressing process to obtain a bamboo board.
  • the hot pressing process parameters are: pressure 22MPa, temperature 130°C, hot pressing time is set thickness of 2400s, the size of bamboo board after hot pressing is 1900 ⁇ 1200 ⁇ 42mm 3 .
  • the bamboo board is mechanically sanded, and then cut into flat slats I and flat slats II.
  • the flat slats I follow the direction of the bamboo fiber.
  • the flat slats I have two parts, and the length of one part is 1200mm, the other part has a length of 800mm, a width of 200mm, and a thickness of 40mm; the plane slat II is perpendicular to the bamboo fiber direction.
  • the plane slat II has two parts, one is 1100mm in length, and the other is 900mm in length and 200mm in width , The thickness is 40mm, and the two parts of the plane slat I and the slat II are respectively finger-joined into the required specification length of 2000mm, and the finger-joined bamboo slats are required.
  • the surface of the bamboo slats is flat. In other embodiments, it can be flat, zigzag, or mortise, and the same or similar technical effects can also be achieved.
  • the two parts of the flat panel I and the flat panel II are connected and assembled along the length direction. In other embodiments, the two parts of the flat panel I and the flat panel II can be connected and assembled along the width direction.
  • the flat slat I and the flat slat II are composed of two parts.
  • the number of parts of the flat slat I or the flat slat II can be selected as 1, 3, 4, etc. according to actual needs. quantity.
  • Type A Evenly coat the wide surface of the finger-joined bamboo slats (that is, the upper and lower surfaces) with a reactive polyurethane adhesive that is hot-melt at 85°C, according to Type A (in other embodiments, Type B can be used instead of Type A). , And then press to fix, wait for the adhesive to solidify and glue, then get the bamboo sleeper body.
  • type A along the direction of the bamboo fiber
  • type B the direction of the bamboo fiber crisscrossed, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively.
  • an outdoor long-term high-efficiency polyurethane adhesive is used.
  • an epoxy resin adhesive or a thermosetting reactive polyurethane resin can also achieve the same or similar technical effects.
  • the surface is repeatedly sprayed with a 0.05 mg/mL dopamine solution with a Tris buffer solution to adjust the pH to about 8, and each time the coating is not sticky, it is dried at 70°C for 40 minutes , Get the bamboo sleeper blank covered with polydopamine film.
  • (10) Fasten multiple pieces (4 pieces in this embodiment) of the anti-mold bamboo sleeper with 4 steel hoops with a thickness of 2mm and a width of 50mm.
  • the bamboo sleeper can be assembled at one time, as shown in Figure 4 (when the B-type assembly is used, the bamboo sleeper assembled at one time is shown in Figure 5) .
  • the thickness of the bamboo sleeper produced is 50mm. In other embodiments, compared to the production of extra-thick bamboo material of more than 100mm, it can be assembled by splicing and then gluing multiple layers of thicker bamboo material together, and then using stainless steel hoops or other The material fasteners are locked and connected together.
  • the manufactured bamboo sleepers were tested in the laboratory for density, UV resistance, water absorption thickness expansion, non-slip performance, flexural elastic modulus, and horizontal shear strength. The results are shown in Figure 6 to illustrate the preparation of this embodiment
  • the bamboo sleepers meet the demand for high-value, green sleepers in track construction.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种组装成型的竹轨枕，以竹单元为原料，经过在110～180℃进行干燥和改性处理、多巴胺溶液包覆处理、浸胶、固化成型、组装胶合、再次固化、多巴胺溶液再次处理、防霉和/或防腐和/或防虫处理、紧固后得到，还提供一种组装成型的竹轨枕的制备方法。该竹轨枕绿色环保，适用于铁路、城市轨道交通、有砟轨道。

Description

一种组装成型的竹轨枕及其制备方法 【技术领域】
本发明涉及铁路、城市轨道交通用新材料领域，尤其涉及一种组装成型的竹轨枕及其制备方法。
【背景技术】
新型竹材是我国以竹代木、户外应用绿色建材的特色竹材产品。近年来通过技术革新，其生产技术越来越成熟，产品质量越来越稳定，除了户外高度耐自然气候和生物侵蚀外，还具有较好的弹性，是比较适合用来作为铁道轨枕的坯料。竹材资源丰富、绿色、可持续，解决了木轨枕优质木材供给不足的缺点、防腐处理所需的杂酚油等化学制品危害环境及人体健康等缺点；也能弥补混凝土轨枕和钢轨枕生产高耗能、资源不可持续等缺点。
现有铁路中有砟轨道用的木轨枕、混凝土轨枕、钢轨枕、复合材料轨枕具有以下缺点：比如，木轨枕寿命短、易磨损、不同木轨枕力学性能存在差异，等等；再如混凝土轨枕，绝缘不良，脆性大，弹性差，存在冲击损坏的风险，稳定性低，重量大，难更换，回收困难等等；还有钢轨枕，不绝缘、行车噪音大、刚度较大、易锈蚀等等；还有复合材料轨枕，质量轻，扣件和螺栓握钉能力差，易受环境影响而变脆等等。
【发明内容】
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种绿色环保且适用于铁路、城市轨道交通有砟轨道的组装成型的竹轨枕及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种组装成型的竹轨枕，所述竹轨枕以竹单元为原料，经过在110～180℃进行干燥和改性处理、多巴胺溶液包覆处理、浸胶、固化成型、组装胶合、再次固化、多巴胺溶液再次处理、防霉和/或防腐和/或防虫处理、紧固后得到。
作为一个总的发明构思，本发明还提供一种组装成型的竹轨枕的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)采用过热度为10～80度的水蒸汽对经过预处理的竹单元进行干燥和改性处理，直至竹单元的含水率为8～20％，得经过干燥和改性处理后的竹单元；
2)将步骤1)中经过干燥和改性处理后的竹单元喷洒或浸渍于多巴胺溶液中，干燥后得得经过聚多巴胺包覆处理的丝状竹单元；
3)将步骤2)经过聚多巴胺包覆处理的丝状竹单元浸渍于胶黏剂I中进行浸胶处理，沥干，干燥直至竹单元的含水率为10％～16％，得坯料；
4)将步骤3)中坯料进行固化成型，得竹板材；
5)将步骤4)中两个以上竹板材按预设要求组装胶合，组坯，固化后，得竹轨枕坯体；
6)将步骤5)竹轨枕坯体表面涂覆多巴胺溶液，再进行防霉和/或防腐和/或防虫处理，得经过防霉和/或防腐和/或防虫处理的竹轨枕；
7)将步骤6)中经过防霉和/或防腐和/或防虫处理的竹轨枕用紧固件锁紧牢固，得组装成型的竹轨枕。
作为对上述技术方案的进一步改进：
优选地，竹板条的表面为平面或锯齿状或榫接状的一种。
所述步骤5)具体为：将步骤4)中两个以上竹板材按预设要求指接，在竹板材的上下表面上涂覆胶黏剂II，组坯，待胶黏剂固化后，得竹轨枕坯体。
所述步骤5)中，所述组坯方式为顺竹纤维方向组坯和/或竹纤维方向纵横交错组坯。
所述胶黏剂II为聚氨酯胶粘剂、环氧树脂胶粘剂和热固反应性聚氨酯树脂中的一种。
所述步骤5)中，指接前还需将竹板材进行裁切和砂光；所述裁切方式为顺竹纤维方向和/或垂直竹纤维方向。
所述步骤6)中进行防霉和/或防腐和/或防虫处理具体为：将竹轨枕坯体表面涂覆多巴胺溶液后干燥，先涂覆硫酸氧钛溶液，干燥，再涂覆硝酸银溶液，干燥，得竹轨枕。
所述步骤4)具体为：将步骤3)中坯料铺装组坯后，通过热压工艺进行固化成型，得竹板材；所述热压工艺的压力为15～30MPa，温度为120～160℃。
所述热压的时间为t，竹板材的厚度为D，t＝D×2400，t的单位为秒，D的单位为毫米。
所述步骤1)中的预处理具体为：将竹单元去除竹青和竹黄，蒸煮软化，水洗后碾搓，得经过预处理后的竹单元。
优选地，所述胶黏剂I为固含量20％～30％酚醛树脂或改性脲醛树脂溶液。
优选地，所述浸胶处理为超声脉动辅助常压处理，时间为15～30分钟。
优选地，所述浸胶处理时的压力为0.2～0.8MPa，时间为10～20分钟。
优选地，顺竹纤维方向裁切时，竹板材的长度为800-1600mm，宽度在180mm以上，厚度在120mm以上。
优选地，垂直竹纤维方向裁切时，竹板材的长度为700-1200mm，宽度在180mm以上，厚度在120mm以上。
优选地，所述步骤2)中或步骤6)中的多巴胺溶液的浓度为0.01～1mg/mL，所述多巴胺溶液的pH值为7～9。
优选地，所述步骤6)中，所述硫酸氧钛溶液的浓度为0.001～1mol/L，pH值为7～10；所述硝酸银溶液的浓度为0.001～0.1mol/L。
优选地，所述步骤6)中，多巴胺溶液、硫酸氧钛溶液和硝酸银溶液的涂覆次数均为2～4次。
所述步骤1)中预处理的蒸煮溶液为pH值为8～9的氨水或氢氧化钠水溶液，蒸煮时间为1～2h。
优选地，所述紧固件为不锈钢箍，所述紧固件的厚度为2～4mm，宽度为50～60mm。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
本发明组装成型的竹轨枕及其制备方法，将竹单元进行聚多巴胺包覆来改善其弹性和防水，胶合组装在一起，再聚多巴胺处理后进行防霉、防腐、防虫处理(耐候性处理)，制造出完全可以满足轨道建设中对高值、绿色轨枕需求的组装成型的竹轨枕，高温水热干燥改性处理降解霉菌的营养所需的淀粉等糖类物质，高温致其力学强度下降通过聚多巴胺处理改善，可以在工业化中应用，制造工艺简单、制造成本较低。
本发明的组装成型的竹轨枕密度高、弹性模量适中、防霉、防腐、防开裂、耐反复高强度碾压，该技术的发明对于铁路、城市轨道交通中有砟轨道建设中提供了新材料，尤其适合城市轨道交通中的轨枕需要，绿色、环保，进一步拓展了竹质新材料的应用范围。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明工艺示意图。
图2是顺竹纤维方向的指接示意图。
图3是竹纤维方向纵横交错的指接示意图。
图4是顺竹纤维方向的竹枕轨示意图。
图5是竹纤维方向纵横交错的竹枕轨示意图。
图6是竹板材的测试结果图。
【具体实施方式】
以下将结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1(以一根2000mm长、200mm宽、160mm厚的多片竹板材组装型轨枕为例)
如图1所述，本实施例的一种组装成型的竹轨枕的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)选取4年生毛竹，截断，每一段为1900mm±10mm，得竹圆段。
(2)将竹圆段破开成竹单元，100％完全去掉竹青和竹黄，pH值为8.5氨水蒸煮30 分钟，然后机打散成丝状竹单元。
(3)将丝状竹单元在150℃、过热度为30度的过热水蒸汽下进行干燥多效处理至含水率为15％左右，得经过干燥和水热处理后的丝状竹单元。
(4)将经过干燥和水热处理后丝状竹单元喷洒0.05mg/mL多巴胺溶液(加入Tris缓冲液调节pH为8)，自然干燥7小时，得经过聚多巴胺处理的丝状竹单元。
(5)将经过聚多巴胺处理的丝状竹单元在固含量25％酚醛树脂溶液中浸泡，采用超声脉动辅助常压处理20分钟，沥干，然后进行干燥处理直至含水率控制在15％，得坯料。
在其他实施例中，浸胶处理可采用在压力为0.2～0.8MPa的条件下处理10～20分钟，也可取得相同或相似技术效果。
(6)将坯料经过铺装组坯，通过热压工艺将酚醛树脂胶黏剂固化成型，得竹板材。热压工艺参数为：压力22MPa，温度130℃，热压时间为设定板厚2400s，热压成型后竹板材尺寸为1900×1200×42mm 3。
(7)将竹板材经过机械砂光，然后裁切成平面板条I和平面板条II，平面板条I为顺着竹纤维方向，本实施例中平面板条I为两部分，一部分长度为1200mm，另一部分长度为800mm，宽度200mm，厚度40mm；平面板条II为垂直竹纤维方向，本实施例中，平面板条II为两部分，一部分长度为1100mm，另一部分长度为900mm，宽度200mm，厚度40mm，分别将平面板条I和平面板条II两部分指接成需要的规格长度2000mm，得指接的竹板条。
本实施例中，竹板条的表面为平面状，在其他实施例中，可以为平面或锯齿状或榫接状，也可取得相同或相似的技术效果。
本实施例中，平面板条I和平面板条II的两部分沿长度方向连接组装，在其他实施例中，平面板条I和平面板条II的两部分可沿宽度方向连接组装。
本实施例中，平面板条I和平面板条II由两部分组成，在其他实施例中，平面板条I或平面板条II的部分数量可依据实际需要选择为1、3、4等其他适宜的数量。
(8)将指接的竹板条宽面(即上、下表面)均匀涂布85℃热溶的反应聚氨酯胶粘剂，按照A型(在其他实施例中，可用B型替代A型)组坯，然后加压固定，等待胶粘剂固化胶合，便得到竹轨枕坯体。其中，A型：顺竹纤维方向，B型：竹纤维方向纵横交错，分别如图2和图3所示。
本实施例中采用户外长期高效粘合的聚氨酯胶粘剂，在其他实施例中，环氧树脂胶粘剂或热固反应性聚氨酯树脂也可取得相同或相似的技术效果。
(9)将竹轨枕坯体表面经过多巴胺溶液喷涂3遍，再3遍喷涂防霉(Ag/TiO 2掺杂)、 防腐、防虫涂覆处理，得经过防霉处理的竹轨枕。具体步骤如下：
(9.1)将竹轨枕坯料经过机械加工后在表面反复喷涂用Tris缓冲溶液调节pH值约8的0.05mg/mL多巴胺溶液后，每次等待涂层不粘手后，于70℃烘干40分钟，得覆盖聚多巴胺薄膜的竹轨枕坯料。
(9.2)将覆盖聚多巴胺薄膜的竹轨枕坯料的表面涂覆0.01mol/L硫酸氧钛溶液后，再涂覆氨水(在其他实施例中，可采用氢氧化钠溶液)，并使用pH试纸检测竹轨枕坯料表面涂覆混合液体至pH值为9，待涂层不粘手后，于70℃烘干60分钟，得负载TiO 2的竹轨枕坯料。
(9.3)将负载TiO 2的竹轨枕坯料涂覆3遍0.001mol/L的硝酸银溶液后，待涂层不粘手后，于80℃烘干至其含水率为10％左右，得经过防霉处理的竹轨枕。
(10)将多片(本实施例为4片)经过防霉处理的竹轨枕用4根厚度2mm、宽度50mm的钢箍紧固，竹轨枕左右两端钢箍边部至竹轨枕端部距离为150mm，中间的钢箍边部距离竹轨枕中心线350mm，得一次组装成型的竹轨枕，如图4所示(当采用B型组坯时，一次组装成型的竹轨枕如图5所示)。
本实施例中，生产出的竹轨枕厚度为50mm，在其他实施例中，生产相对100mm以上超厚竹材来说，可以通过拼接组装然后把多层较厚竹材胶合组装，再通过不锈钢箍或者其他材质紧固件锁牢连接在一起。
本实施例的具体工艺流程如下：
原竹截断→破解→去青去黄→碱液辅助蒸煮软化→水洗→机械碾搓→高温水热干燥多效处理→聚多巴胺包覆→酚醛树脂浸渍→干燥→组坯铺装→热压成型→机械砂光→裁切→胶粘剂涂布→组坯→冷固化成型→聚多巴胺基Ag/TiO 2掺杂处理→紧固件锁牢→竹轨枕。
将制造出来的竹轨枕在实验室进行密度、UV抗紫外线、吸水厚度膨胀率、防滑性能、抗弯弹性模量、水平剪切强度进行测试，结果如图6所示，说明本实施例制得的竹轨枕满足轨道建设中对高值、绿色轨枕的需求。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围的情况下，都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均应落在本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种组装成型的竹轨枕，其特征在于：所述竹轨枕以竹单元为原料，经过在110～180℃进行干燥和改性处理、多巴胺溶液包覆处理、浸胶、固化成型、组装胶合、再次固化、多巴胺溶液再次处理、防霉和/或防腐和/或防虫处理、紧固后得到。
  2. 一种组装成型的竹轨枕的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    1)采用过热度为10～80度的水蒸汽对经过预处理的竹单元进行干燥和改性处理，直至竹单元的含水率为8～20％，得经过干燥和改性处理后的竹单元；
    2)将步骤1)中经过干燥和改性处理后的竹单元喷洒或浸渍于多巴胺溶液中，干燥后得得经过聚多巴胺包覆处理的丝状竹单元；
    3)将步骤2)经过聚多巴胺包覆处理的丝状竹单元浸渍于胶黏剂I中进行浸胶处理，沥干，干燥直至竹单元的含水率为10％～16％，得坯料；
    4)将步骤3)中坯料进行固化成型，得竹板材；
    5)将步骤4)中两个以上竹板材按预设要求组装胶合，组坯，固化后，得竹轨枕坯体；
    6)将步骤5)竹轨枕坯体表面涂覆多巴胺溶液，再进行防霉和/或防腐和/或防虫处理，得经过防霉和/或防腐和/或防虫处理的竹轨枕；
    7)将步骤6)中经过防霉和/或防腐和/或防虫处理的竹轨枕用紧固件锁紧牢固，得组装成型的竹轨枕。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤5)具体为：将步骤4)中两个以上竹板材按预设要求指接，在竹板材的上下表面上涂覆胶黏剂II，组坯，待胶黏剂固化后，得竹轨枕坯体。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤5)中，所述组坯方式为顺竹纤维方向组坯和/或竹纤维方向纵横交错组坯。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述胶黏剂II为聚氨酯胶粘剂、环氧树脂胶粘剂和热固反应性聚氨酯树脂中的一种。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤5)中，指接前还需将竹板材进行裁切和砂光；所述裁切方式为顺竹纤维方向和/或垂直竹纤维方向。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤6)中进行防霉和/或防腐和/或防虫处理具体为：将竹轨枕坯体表面涂覆多巴胺溶液后干燥，先涂覆硫酸氧钛溶液，干燥，再涂覆硝酸银溶液，干燥，得竹轨枕。
  8. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤4)具体为： 将步骤3)中坯料铺装组坯后，通过热压工艺进行固化成型，得竹板材；所述热压工艺的压力为15～30MPa，温度为120～160℃。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述热压的时间为t，竹板材的厚度为D，t＝D×2400，t的单位为秒，D的单位为毫米。
  10. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤1)中的预处理具体为：将竹单元去除竹青和竹黄，蒸煮软化，水洗后碾搓，得经过预处理后的竹单元。
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