WO2020140558A1 - 一种低成本电致变色器件及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低成本电致变色器件及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020140558A1
WO2020140558A1 PCT/CN2019/111351 CN2019111351W WO2020140558A1 WO 2020140558 A1 WO2020140558 A1 WO 2020140558A1 CN 2019111351 W CN2019111351 W CN 2019111351W WO 2020140558 A1 WO2020140558 A1 WO 2020140558A1
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electrochromic
low
electrochromic device
cost
preparing
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French (fr)
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姚日晖
史沐杨
宁洪龙
李志航
袁炜健
张观广
张旭
梁志豪
梁宏富
彭俊彪
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
    • G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material

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  • the invention belongs to the field of optoelectronic devices, and particularly relates to a low-cost electrochromic device and a preparation method thereof.
  • Electrochromic devices as a widely used semiconductor device, its main purpose is to control the intensity of visible light and solar radiation transmitted through the device by adjusting the optical transmittance.
  • Smart windows made of traditional windows with electrochromic interlayers are widely used in the construction field. Such windows can be actively adjusted by people to adjust the light input to achieve room temperature adjustment and reduce energy consumption.
  • the development of smart windows meets the requirements of green and low-carbon environmental protection. With the development of technology, it will become more popular and the market is broad.
  • the electrochromic layers of the existing electrochromic devices are mostly used for electroplating and various vacuum methods (magnetron sputtering, laser pulse deposition, etc.). These methods are complicated in process, high in cost, and limit the electrochromic to a certain extent.
  • Industrial production and popularization of devices At the same time, the traditional electrochromic device is a glass substrate with a five-layer structure (electrochromic layer, ion storage layer, electrolyte layer and two transparent conductive layers), the processing process is relatively complex. Therefore, if a lower-cost electrochromic device and preparation method can be provided, the production application of the electrochromic device can be further promoted.
  • the primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a low-cost electrochromic device.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic device prepared by the above method.
  • a method for preparing a low-cost electrochromic device includes the following preparation steps:
  • step (2) Spin-coat the precursor solution obtained in step (1) on the cleaned glass substrate with transparent conductive electrodes, let it stand in the air for 30 to 60 minutes, and then anneal at a temperature of 100 to 300°C for 1 to 2h, get WO 3 electrochromic film;
  • step (3) Add the WO 3 electrochromic film obtained in step (2) to the lithium ion electrolyte, and color it under the condition of an external electric field, so that the lithium ions are stored in the electrochromic film, taken out, and dried to obtain a lithiated Electrochromic layer;
  • the time for centrifugation in step (1) is 1 to 2 hours, and the rotation speed is 3000 r/min.
  • the concentration of tungsten in the precursor solution in step (1) is 0.25 to 0.5 mol/L, more preferably 0.5 mol/L.
  • the process conditions of the spin coating in step (2) are: rotation speed 3000 rpm, spin coating times 1 to 2 times, and each spin coating time is 30 to 40 s.
  • the standing time in step (2) is 30 min; the annealing temperature is 100° C. and the time is 1 h.
  • the glass substrate with transparent conductive electrodes in step (2) and step (4) is ITO glass.
  • the lithium ion electrolyte in step (3) is a lithium perchlorate-propylene carbonate solution with a concentration of 1 mol/L.
  • the voltage of the applied electric field in step (3) is 1.5 to 2.5V, and the coloring time under the conditions of the applied electric field is 1 to 3 min.
  • the drying in step (3) refers to drying in a vacuum drying oven at a temperature of 70 to 100°C for 1 to 2 hours.
  • the heating temperature of PEO in step (4) is 150-200° C., and the heating time is 5-10 min.
  • the process conditions of the spin coating in step (4) are: rotation speed 2000 rpm, spin coating frequency 1 time, spin coating time 15-20 s.
  • An electrochromic device is prepared by the above method.
  • FIG. 1 The schematic diagram of the stacking structure of the electrochromic device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. It is composed of a glass substrate, a transparent conductive electrode, an electrochromic layer, an ion storage layer, a transparent conductive electrode, and a glass substrate stacked in this order.
  • the principle of the invention is that a tungsten oxide electrochromic thin film is prepared by using a tungsten chloride (WCl 6 ) as a raw material at a low temperature through a solution method with simple process and low cost. Then, by applying an electric field, the lithium ions in the electrolyte are injected into the electrochromic film to obtain a lithiated electrochromic film, and then PEO is spin-coated as an ion storage layer, and another layer with electrodes is added.
  • a tungsten oxide electrochromic thin film is prepared by using a tungsten chloride (WCl 6 ) as a raw material at a low temperature through a solution method with simple process and low cost. Then, by applying an electric field, the lithium ions in the electrolyte are injected into the electrochromic film to obtain a lithiated electrochromic film, and then PEO is spin-coated as an ion storage layer, and another layer with electrodes is added.
  • the glass substrate package constitutes a device
  • the solution method adopted by the present invention obtains a tungsten oxide electrochromic thin film at a low temperature.
  • the process flow and required equipment conditions are relatively simple, which greatly saves production costs.
  • the part of the electrolyte layer is eliminated by the lithiation method, which simplifies the structure of the electrochromic device, reduces the processing difficulty, and at the same time can save the production cost and is beneficial to large-scale industrial production.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the laminated structure of the electrochromic device of the present invention.
  • Example 2 is a graph of the transmittance of the WO 3 electrochromic film obtained in Example 1 in the initial state, the colored state, and the faded state.
  • step (3) The precursor solution obtained in step (1) is spin-coated on an ITO glass substrate, the rotation speed is 3000 r/min, and the spin-coating time is 30 s.
  • the wet film was allowed to stand in the air for 30 minutes, and then annealed at a temperature of 100°C for 1 hour to obtain a WO 3 electrochromic film.
  • step (3) Color the WO 3 electrochromic film obtained in step (3) in a 1 mol/L lithium perchlorate-propylene carbonate solution with a voltage of 2 V for 2 min to make lithium ions enter the electrochromic film. , Take out the film and dry in a vacuum oven at 80 °C for 1h to obtain a lithiated electrochromic layer.
  • step (4) PEO (polyethylene oxide) is heated and melted at 180° C., and quickly spin-coated on the lithiated electrochromic layer obtained in step (4), rotating speed is 2000 rpm, the number of times of spin coating is 1 time, spin coating time 15s and covered with another layer of ITO conductive glass for encapsulation to obtain the electrochromic device of this embodiment.
  • PEO polyethylene oxide
  • the transmittance curves of the WO 3 electrochromic thin film obtained in this example in the initial state (not colored by the lithium ion electrolyte), the colored state and the faded state (with a reverse voltage of 2V for 2 min for fading) are shown in FIG. 2. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that at a wavelength of 700 nm, the modulation ability of the film transmittance is 72%, and it has a good modulation ability in the near infrared band.
  • step (3) The precursor solution obtained in step (1) is spin-coated on an ITO glass substrate, the rotation speed is 3000 r/min, and the spin-coating time is 40 s.
  • the wet film was allowed to stand in the air for 60 minutes, and then annealed at 300°C for 2 hours to obtain a WO 3 electrochromic film.
  • step (3) Color the WO 3 electrochromic film obtained in step (3) in a 1 mol/L lithium perchlorate-propylene carbonate solution with a voltage of 2.5 V for 1 min to make lithium ions enter the electrochromic film.
  • the film was taken out and dried in a vacuum oven at 100°C for 1 hour to obtain a lithiated electrochromic layer.
  • step (4) PEO (polyethylene oxide) is heated and melted at 180° C., and quickly spin-coated on the lithiated electrochromic layer obtained in step (4), rotating speed is 2000 rpm, the number of times of spin coating is 1 time, spin coating time 20s, and covered with another layer of ITO conductive glass for encapsulation, to obtain the electrochromic device of this embodiment.
  • the resulting electrochromic device has good modulation capability in the near infrared band.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

一种低成本电致变色器件及其制备方法，属于光电器件领域。将氯化钨溶于无水乙醇中得到前驱体溶液，然后旋涂在带有透明导电电极的玻璃衬底上，静置30～60min后在100～300℃的温度下退火处理，得到WO 3电致变色薄膜，然后加入到锂离子电解液中，在外加电场条件下着色，取出后干燥，得到锂化的电致变色层，然后旋涂加热熔化后的PEO，盖上另一层带有透明导电电极的玻璃衬底进行封装，得到低成本电致变色器件。通过溶液法得到氧化钨电致变色薄膜，并通过锂化法省去电解质层这一部分，简化了电致变色器件的结构，降低了加工难度，同时也能节约生产成本，有利于大规模的工业生产。

Description

一种低成本电致变色器件及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于光电器件领域，具体涉及一种低成本电致变色器件及其制备方法。
背景技术
电致变色器件(Electrochromic devices，简称ECD)，作为一种用途广泛的半导体器件，其主要用途是通过调节光学透过率来控制透过器件的可见光和太阳辐射强度。传统窗户加上电致变色夹层后制成的智能窗被广泛应用于建筑领域，这种窗户可以由人们主动的调节光线输入，实现了调节室温，降低能耗。智能窗的发展符合绿色低碳的环保要求，随着技术发展其将会的到更大的普及，市场广阔。
目前，由于多种原因，电致变色器件在市场上的应用还比较少，其中一个原因便是成本问题。目前已有的电致变色器件的电致变色层多用电镀以及各类真空法(磁控溅射、激光脉冲沉积等)，这些方法工艺复杂，成本较高、在一定程度上限制了电致变色器件的工业生产及普及应用。同时，传统的电致变色器件为玻璃基板加上五层结构(电致变色层、离子储存层、电解质层和两层透明导电层)，加工过程较为复杂。因此，如果能够提供一种更为低成本的电致变色器件及制备方法，则可以进一步推动电致变色器件的生产应用。
发明内容
针对以上现有技术存在的缺点和不足之处，本发明的首要目的在于提供一种低成本电致变色器件的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种通过上述方法制备得到的电致变色器件。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案实现：
一种低成本电致变色器件的制备方法，包括如下制备步骤：
(1)将氯化钨(WCl 6)溶于无水乙醇(C 2H 5OH)中，离心搅拌后，得到前驱体溶液；
(2)在清洗完成的带有透明导电电极的玻璃衬底上旋涂步骤(1)所得前驱体溶液，在空气中静置30～60min，然后在100～300℃的温度下退火处理1～2h，得到WO 3电致变色薄膜；
(3)将步骤(2)所得WO 3电致变色薄膜加入到锂离子电解液中，在外加电场条件下着色，使锂离子进入保存在电致变色薄膜中，取出后干燥，得到锂化的电致变色层；
(4)将PEO(聚氧化乙烯)加热熔化后旋涂在步骤(3)所得锂化的电致变色层上，并盖上另一层带有透明导电电极的玻璃衬底进行封装，得到所述低成本电致变色器件。
优选地，步骤(1)中离心的时间为1～2h，转速为3000r/min。
优选地，步骤(1)中所述前驱体溶液中钨的浓度为0.25～0.5mol/L，更优选为0.5mol/L。
优选地，步骤(2)中所述旋涂的工艺条件为：转速3000rpm，旋涂次数1～2次，每次旋涂时间30～40s。
优选地，步骤(2)中所述静置的时间为30min；退火温度为100℃，时间为1h。
优选地，步骤(2)以及步骤(4)中所述带有透明导电电极的玻璃衬底为ITO玻璃。
优选地，步骤(3)中锂离子电解液为高氯酸锂-碳酸丙烯酯溶液，浓度为1mol/L。
优选地，步骤(3)中所述外加电场的电压为1.5～2.5V，在外加电场条件下 着色的时间为1～3min。
优选地，步骤(3)中所述干燥是指在温度为70～100℃的真空干燥箱中干燥1～2h。
优选地，步骤(4)中PEO的加热温度为150～200℃，加热时间为5～10min。
优选地，步骤(4)中所述旋涂的工艺条件为：转速2000rpm，旋涂次数1次，旋涂时间为15～20s。
一种电致变色器件，通过上述方法制备得到。
本发明电致变色器件的层叠结构示意图如图1所示。由依次层叠的玻璃衬底、透明导电电极、电致变色层、离子存储层、透明导电电极、玻璃衬底构成。
本发明的原理为：通过工艺简单、成本较低的溶液法，以氯化钨(WCl 6)为原料低温制备了氧化钨电致变色薄膜。然后通过外加电场，将电解液中的锂离子注入电致变色薄膜中，从而得到锂化的电致变色薄膜，然后在之上旋涂PEO作为离子储存层，并加上另一层带电极的玻璃衬底封装组成无需电解质层即可运转的器件，节约了成本。
本发明的制备方法及所得到的电致变色器件具有如下优点及有益效果：
本发明通过的溶液法，在低温下得到氧化钨电致变色薄膜，相对于目前常用的的真空法及电镀来说，工艺流程和所需的设备条件相对简单，大大节约了生产成本。同时通过锂化法省去电解质层这一部分，简化了电致变色器件的结构，降低了加工难度，同时也能节约生产成本，有利于大规模的工业生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明电致变色器件的层叠结构示意图。
图2是实施例1中所得WO 3电致变色薄膜初始态、着色态和褪色态的透射率曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
(1)将2g WCl 6(氯化钨)粉末溶于10ml无水乙醇(C 2H 5OH)中，在离心机中以3000r/min的速度离心搅拌1h后，得到前驱体溶液。
(2)将裁切好的ITO导电玻璃先后用洗涤剂，去离子水，异丙醇超声清洗，每次持续15min，洗净后置于烘箱烘干以待使用。
(3)在ITO玻璃衬底上旋涂步骤(1)所得的前驱体溶液，转速为3000r/min，旋涂时间为30s。将湿膜在空气中静置30min，然后在100℃的温度下退火处理1h，得到WO 3电致变色薄膜。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的WO 3电致变色薄膜在1mol/L高氯酸锂-碳酸丙烯酯溶液中外加2V的电压2min进行作色，使锂离子进入保存在电致变色薄膜中，取出薄膜并在真空干燥箱中在80℃下干燥1h，得到锂化的电致变色层。
(5)将PEO(聚氧化乙烯)在180℃下加热熔化，并迅速在步骤(4)得到的已锂化的电致变色层上旋涂，转速2000rpm，旋涂次数1次，旋涂时间为15s，并盖上另一层ITO导电玻璃进行封装，得到本实施例的电致变色器件。
本实施例所得WO 3电致变色薄膜初始态(未进行锂离子电解液着色)、着色态和褪色态(加上2V的反向电压2min进行褪色)的透射率曲线图如图2所示。由图2可见在波长700nm处，薄膜透射率的调制能力为72％，其在近红外波段有着良好的调制能力。
实施例2
(1)将1g WCl 6(氯化钨)粉末溶于10ml无水乙醇(C 2H 5OH)中，在离心机中以3000r/min的速度离心搅拌1h后，得到前驱体溶液。
(2)将裁切好的ITO导电玻璃先后用洗涤剂，去离子水，异丙醇超声清洗，每次持续15min，洗净后置于烘箱烘干以待使用。
(3)在ITO玻璃衬底上旋涂步骤(1)所得的前驱体溶液，转速为3000r/min，旋涂时间为40s。将湿膜在空气中静置60min，然后在300℃的温度下退火处理2h，得到WO 3电致变色薄膜。
(4)将步骤(3)得到的WO 3电致变色薄膜在1mol/L高氯酸锂-碳酸丙烯酯溶液中外加2.5V的电压1min进行作色，使锂离子进入保存在电致变色薄膜中，取出薄膜并在真空干燥箱中在100℃下干燥1h，得到锂化的电致变色层。
(5)将PEO(聚氧化乙烯)在180℃下加热熔化，并迅速在步骤(4)得到的已锂化的电致变色层上旋涂，转速2000rpm，旋涂次数1次，旋涂时间为20s，并盖上另一层ITO导电玻璃进行封装，得到本实施例的电致变色器件。所得电致变色器件在近红外波段有着良好的调制能力。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其它的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种低成本电致变色器件的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下制备步骤：
    (1)将氯化钨溶于无水乙醇中，离心搅拌后，得到前驱体溶液；
    (2)在清洗完成的带有透明导电电极的玻璃衬底上旋涂步骤(1)所得前驱体溶液，在空气中静置30～60min，然后在100～300℃的温度下退火处理1～2h，得到WO 3电致变色薄膜；
    (3)将步骤(2)所得WO 3电致变色薄膜加入到锂离子电解液中，在外加电场条件下着色，使锂离子进入保存在电致变色薄膜中，取出后干燥，得到锂化的电致变色层；
    (4)将PEO加热熔化后旋涂在步骤(3)所得锂化的电致变色层上，并盖上另一层带有透明导电电极的玻璃衬底进行封装，得到所述低成本电致变色器件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本电致变色器件的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中离心的时间为1～2h，转速为3000r/min。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本电致变色器件的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中所述前驱体溶液中钨的浓度为0.25～0.5mol/L。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本电致变色器件的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(2)中所述旋涂的工艺条件为：转速3000rpm，旋涂次数1～2次，每次旋涂时间30～40s；所述静置的时间为30min；所述退火温度为100℃，时间为1h。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本电致变色器件的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)以及步骤(4)中所述带有透明导电电极的玻璃衬底为ITO玻璃。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本电致变色器件的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中锂离子电解液为高氯酸锂-碳酸丙烯酯溶液，浓度为1mol/L。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本电致变色器件的制备方法，其特征在 于：步骤(3)中所述外加电场的电压为1.5～2.5V，在外加电场条件下着色的时间为1～3min。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本电致变色器件的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中所述干燥是指在温度为70～100℃的真空干燥箱中干燥1～2h。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低成本电致变色器件的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中PEO的加热温度为150～200℃，加热时间为5～10min；所述旋涂的工艺条件为：转速2000rpm，旋涂次数1次，旋涂时间为15～20s。
  10. 一种电致变色器件，其特征在于：通过权利要求1～9任一项所述的方法制备得到。
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