WO2020138458A1 - 浸炭窒化軸受部品 - Google Patents
浸炭窒化軸受部品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020138458A1 WO2020138458A1 PCT/JP2019/051525 JP2019051525W WO2020138458A1 WO 2020138458 A1 WO2020138458 A1 WO 2020138458A1 JP 2019051525 W JP2019051525 W JP 2019051525W WO 2020138458 A1 WO2020138458 A1 WO 2020138458A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bearing component
- content
- carbonitrided bearing
- carbonitrided
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/58—Oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
- C21D2221/10—Differential treatment of inner with respect to outer regions, e.g. core and periphery, respectively
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a bearing component, and more particularly to a carbonitrided bearing component that is a carbonitrided bearing component.
- Bearings are usually manufactured by the following method. Hot forging and/or cutting is performed on the steel material to produce an intermediate product having a desired shape.
- the intermediate product is heat-treated to adjust the hardness and microstructure of the steel material.
- the heat treatment is, for example, quenching and tempering, carburizing treatment, or carbonitriding treatment.
- the carbonitriding treatment means a treatment for performing carbonitriding quenching and tempering.
- a carbonitriding layer is formed on the surface layer of the steel material and the surface layer of the steel material is hardened.
- a bearing component that has been carbonitrided is referred to as a carbonitrided bearing component.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-8-49057
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-11-12684
- Patent Document 3 International Publication No. 2016/017162
- At least one of the bearing ring and the rolling element has C: 0.1 to 0.7% by weight, Cr: 0.5 to 3.0% by weight, and Mn: 0.3. Up to 1.2% by weight, Si: 0.3 to 1.5% by weight, Mo: 3% by weight or less of a medium low carbon low alloy steel containing V: 0.8 to 2.0% by weight. Use as material. Carburizing or carbonitriding treatment is applied at the time of heat treatment of the product formed by using the material, the carbon concentration of the product surface is 0.8 to 1.5% by weight and the V/C concentration ratio of the surface is 1 to 2.5. Try to satisfy the relationship. Patent Document 1 describes that this rolling bearing can deposit V carbide on the surface to enhance wear resistance.
- Patent Document 2 In the case-hardening steel for cold forging disclosed in Patent Document 2, the area ratio of ferrite+pearlite is 75% or more, the average particle diameter of ferrite is 40 ⁇ m or less, and the average particle diameter of pearlite is 30 ⁇ m or less. .. Patent Document 2 describes that the case hardened steel for cold forging can have improved wear resistance by having the above-described microstructure.
- the carbonitriding bearing steel disclosed in Patent Document 3 is C: 0.22 to 0.45%, Si: 0.50% or less, Mn: 0.40 to 1.50%, and P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Cr: 0.30 to 2.0%, Mo: 0.10 to 0.35%, V: 0.20 to 0.40%, Al: 0 0.005 to 0.10%, N: 0.030% or less, O: 0.0015% or less, B: 0 to 0.0050%, Nb: 0 to 0.10%, and Ti: 0 to 0. It contains 10% and the balance is Fe and impurities, and has a chemical composition satisfying the formulas (1) and (2).
- the formula (1) is 1.20 ⁇ 0.4Cr+0.4Mo+4.5V ⁇ 2.60
- the formula (2) is 2.7C+0.4Si+Mn+0.8Cr+Mo+V>2.20. It is described in Patent Document 3 that this carbonitrided bearing steel is excellent in hardenability, excellent in toughness after heat treatment, excellent in abrasion resistance, and in surface peeling life even if it does not contain Ni.
- JP-A-8-49057 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-12684 International Publication No. 2016/017162
- bearing parts there are medium-sized or large-sized bearing parts used for mining machinery or construction machinery, and small bearing parts used for automobiles.
- the small bearing component is, for example, a bearing component applied in an engine.
- Bearing parts for automobiles are often used in an environment where lubricating oil such as engine oil circulates.
- the viscosity of lubricating oil is reduced to reduce friction resistance and transmission resistance, and the amount of circulating lubricating oil is reduced. Therefore, the lubricating oil in use is decomposed and hydrogen is easily generated.
- hydrogen When hydrogen is generated in the environment in which the bearing component is used, hydrogen will intrude into the bearing component from the outside. The invaded hydrogen causes a structural change in a part of the microstructure of the bearing component. Structural changes during use of the bearing component reduce the debonding life of the bearing component.
- hydrogen generation environment an environment in which hydrogen that causes a structural change is generated is referred to as “hydrogen generation environment”.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 do not consider the peeling life of carbonitrided bearing parts under a hydrogen generation environment.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a carbonitrided bearing component that is excellent in wear resistance, core toughness, and exfoliation life due to a microstructural change in a hydrogen generation environment.
- Carbonitrided bearing components include A carbonitriding layer formed on the surface of the carbonitriding bearing component, A core portion inside the carbonitriding layer,
- the chemical composition of the core is In mass %, C: 0.15 to 0.45%, Si: 0.50% or less, Mn: 0.20-0.60%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Cr: 0.80 to 1.50%, Mo: 0.17 to 0.30%, V: 0.24 to 0.40%, Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, N: 0.0300% or less, O: 0.0015% or less, Cu: 0 to 0.20%, Ni: 0 to 0.20%, B: 0 to 0.0050%, Nb: 0-0.100%, Ti: 0 to 0.100%, Ca: 0 to 0.0010%, and
- the balance consists of Fe and impurities, Satisfying the formulas (1) to (4),
- the carbon concentration on the surface of the carbonitrided bearing component is 0.70 to 1.20% by
- the carbonitrided bearing component according to the present disclosure is excellent in wear resistance, core toughness, and peeling life due to microstructural change in a hydrogen generating environment.
- FIG. 1 shows a bearing component (comparative example) obtained by quenching and tempering a steel material corresponding to SUJ2 defined in JIS G 4805 (2008), and a core part having the chemical composition of this embodiment and a formula ( It is a figure which shows the exfoliation life (Hr) in the hydrogen generation environment in the carbonitriding bearing component which satisfy
- FIG. 2 is an image diagram showing an observation example of V-based precipitates in a transmission electron microscope image (TEM image) of a ferrite (001) plane of a thin film sample taken from the core of the carbonitrided bearing component of the present embodiment. is there.
- TEM image transmission electron microscope image
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing heat patterns of quenching and tempering for test pieces for a hardenability evaluation test and a toughness evaluation test in Examples.
- FIG. 4 is a side view of an intermediate product of a small roller test piece used in the roller pitching test of the example.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of a small roller test piece used in the roller pitching test of the example.
- FIG. 6 is a front view of a large roller used in the roller pitching test of the example.
- the present inventors investigated and examined the wear resistance of carbonitrided bearing parts, the toughness of the core, and the peeling life due to the microstructural change in a hydrogen generating environment.
- the present inventors examined the chemical composition of the steel material that is the raw material of the carbonitrided bearing part, that is, the chemical composition of the core of the carbonitrided bearing part, in order to obtain the above-mentioned characteristics.
- the chemical composition of the core was C: 0.15 to 0.45%, Si: 0.50% or less, Mn: 0.20 to 0.60%, P: 0.015% in mass%.
- S 0.005% or less
- Cr 0.80 to 1.50%
- Mo 0.17 to 0.30%
- V 0.24 to 0.40%
- Al 0.005 to 0 100%
- N 0.0300% or less
- O 0.0015% or less
- Cu 0 to 0.20%
- B 0 to 0.0050%
- Nb 0. ⁇ 0.100%
- Ca 0 ⁇ 0.0010%
- carbonitriding is performed on the steel material having a chemical composition with the balance being Fe and impurities.
- the chemical composition of the core part becomes the above-mentioned chemical composition, and further, in carbonitrided bearing parts, wear resistance, toughness of the core part, and peeling life due to microstructural change under hydrogen generating environment I thought it could be improved.
- V-carbide having a circle equivalent diameter of 150 nm or less In order to increase the peeling life of carbonitrided bearing parts in a hydrogen generation environment, in the carbonitrided bearing parts, V-carbide having a circle equivalent diameter of 150 nm or less, V-carbonitride having a circle equivalent diameter of 150 nm or less, and circle equivalent It is effective to generate a large number of one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of V-composite carbides having a diameter of 150 nm or less and V-composite carbonitrides having a circle equivalent diameter of 150 nm or less.
- the V composite carbide means a carbide containing V and Mo.
- the V composite carbonitride means a carbonitride containing V and Mo.
- V carbides and V carbonitrides are also referred to as “V carbides and the like”, and V composite carbides and V composite carbonitrides are referred to as “V composite carbides and the like”.
- V-based precipitate the precipitate containing V is referred to as "V-based precipitate”.
- the V-based precipitate includes V carbide and the like and V composite carbide and the like.
- a V-based precipitate having an equivalent circle diameter of 150 nm or less is referred to as "small V-based precipitate”.
- the equivalent circle diameter means the diameter of a circle having the same area as the area of V carbide or the like or V composite carbide or the like.
- the small V-based precipitate traps hydrogen. Furthermore, the small V-based precipitates are small in size, and thus are unlikely to be a starting point of cracking. Therefore, if the small V-based precipitates are sufficiently dispersed in the carbonitrided bearing component, the microstructure does not easily change in the hydrogen generating environment, and as a result, the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in the hydrogen generating environment is increased. be able to.
- F1 is an index relating to the amount of small V-based precipitates generated that traps hydrogen and increases the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component under a hydrogen generation environment.
- the formation of small V-based precipitates is promoted by containing Cr and Mo as well as V.
- Cr forms Fe-based carbides such as cementite or Cr carbides in a temperature range lower than the temperature range in which V-based precipitates (V carbides and V composite carbides and the like) are generated.
- Mo produces Mo carbide (Mo 2 C) in a temperature range lower than the temperature range in which V-based precipitates are produced.
- Fe-based carbides, Cr-based carbides, and Mo-carbides form a solid solution to form precipitation nucleation sites for V-based precipitates (V carbides and V compound carbides).
- a V-based precipitate having an equivalent circle diameter of more than 150 nm is also referred to as a “coarse V-based precipitate”. Since the coarse V-based precipitate has a low ability to trap hydrogen, it is likely to cause a structural change. Therefore, the coarse V-based precipitate reduces the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component under the hydrogen generation environment.
- F2 2.7C+0.4Si+Mn+0.45Ni+0.8Cr+Mo+V.
- Each element (C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo and V) in F2 is a main element that enhances the hardenability of steel among the elements in the above chemical composition. Therefore, F2 is an index of the strength of the core of the carbonitrided bearing part and the machinability of the steel material used as the material of the carbonitrided bearing part.
- F2 is 2.20 or less, even if the content of each element in the chemical composition is within the range of the present embodiment and the formulas (1), (3) and (4) are satisfied, the steel material The hardenability of is not sufficient. Therefore, the strength of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component is not sufficient, and the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- F2 is 2.80 or more, the content of each element is within the range of the present embodiment, and the carbonitrided bearing is satisfied even if the formulas (1), (3) and (4) are satisfied.
- the hardenability of steel, which is the material of the parts becomes excessively high. In this case, there is a possibility that the machinability of the steel material used as the material of the carbonitrided bearing component may not be sufficiently obtained.
- F2 is higher than 2.20 and lower than 2.80, the content of each element in the chemical composition is within the range of the present embodiment, and the formula (1), the formula (3), and the formula (4) (4) is satisfied, the strength of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component is sufficiently increased, and the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component is sufficiently increased in a hydrogen generating environment. Further, sufficient machinability can be obtained in the steel material that is the material of the carbonitrided bearing component.
- Mo is an element that promotes the precipitation of small V-based precipitates. Specifically, as described above, when F1 satisfies the formula (1), the total content of V content, Cr content and Mo content necessary for producing small V-based precipitates can be obtained. However, as a result of the study by the present inventors, it was found that the ratio of the V content to the Mo content must be further adjusted in order to sufficiently generate the small V-based precipitates in the carbonitrided bearing component. did. Specifically, if the ratio of the Mo content to the V content is too low, the Mo carbide serving as a precipitation nucleation site is not sufficiently precipitated before the small V-based precipitate is generated. In this case, even if the V content, the Cr content, and the Mo content are within the ranges of the element contents of the present embodiment and the formula (1) is satisfied, a small V-based precipitate is sufficiently formed. do not do.
- F3 Mo/V.
- F3 is less than 0.58, even if the content of each element in the chemical composition is within the range of the present embodiment and the formulas (1), (2) and (4) are satisfied, the size is small. V-type precipitates are not sufficiently generated, and coarse V-type precipitates remain excessively in the core of the carbonitrided bearing component. As a result, the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component cannot be sufficiently obtained in the hydrogen generating environment.
- F3 is 0.58 or more and the formula (3) is satisfied, the content of each element in the chemical composition is within the range of this embodiment, and the formula (1), the formula (2), and the formula (4) ) Is satisfied, small V-type precipitates are sufficiently formed. If small V-based precipitates are sufficiently generated in the carbonitrided bearing component, the amount of coarse V-based precipitates in the core is small. As a result, the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component becomes sufficiently long under the hydrogen generation environment.
- F4 (Mo+V+Cr)/(Mn+20P).
- F4 is 2.40 or more, it is assumed that the content of each element in the chemical composition is within the range of the present embodiment and that the formulas (1) to (3) are satisfied, and the strengthening in the crystal grains is performed. A synergistic effect of the mechanism, the grain boundary strengthening mechanism, and the hydrogen invasion suppressing mechanism can be obtained, and the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component under a hydrogen generating environment can be sufficiently obtained.
- the total area of the V-based precipitates in the core of the carburized steel part is The area ratio of the coarse V-based precipitate is 15.0% or less.
- the area ratio of the coarse V-based precipitates to the total area of the V-based precipitates is referred to as "coarse V-based precipitate area ratio RA".
- FIG. 1 shows a bearing component (comparative example) obtained by quenching and tempering a steel material corresponding to SUJ2 defined in JIS G 4805 (2008), and the above chemical composition, and the formula (1) to the formula It is a figure which shows the peeling life in a hydrogen generation environment in the carbonitriding bearing component (Example of this invention) which satisfy
- the peeling life test under a hydrogen generating environment was carried out by the method described in Examples below.
- the vertical axis of FIG. 1 represents the ratio of the peeling life of each inventive example to the peeling life of the comparative example (hereinafter referred to as the peeling life ratio) when the peeling life of the comparative example is defined as 1.0 (reference). Show.
- the exfoliation life of a bearing component of a conventional chemical composition (comparative example) under the hydrogen generation environment exceeds 2.0 times the exfoliation life of the example of the present invention under the hydrogen evolution environment. Therefore, the peeling life in a hydrogen generating environment is significantly improved compared to the conventional bearing parts.
- the carbonitrided bearing component according to the present embodiment completed based on the above findings has the following configuration.
- Carbonitrided bearing parts A carbonitriding layer formed on the surface of the carbonitriding bearing component, A core portion inside the carbonitriding layer,
- the chemical composition of the core is In mass %, C: 0.15 to 0.45%, Si: 0.50% or less, Mn: 0.20-0.60%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Cr: 0.80 to 1.50%, Mo: 0.17 to 0.30%, V: 0.24 to 0.40%, Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, N: 0.0300% or less, O: 0.0015% or less, Cu: 0 to 0.20%, Ni: 0 to 0.20%, B: 0 to 0.0050%, Nb: 0-0.100%, Ti: 0 to 0.100%, Ca: 0 to 0.0010%, and
- the balance consists of Fe and impurities, Satisfying the formulas (1) to (4),
- the carbon concentration on the surface of the carbonitrided bearing component is 0.70 to 1.20% by mass
- the carbonitrided bearing component according to [1] The chemical composition of the core is Cu: 0.01 to 0.20%, Ni: 0.01 to 0.20%, B: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.100%, and Ti: 0.005 to 0.100%, containing one element or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of: Carbonitrided bearing parts.
- the chemical composition of the core is Ca: contains 0.0001 to 0.0010%, Carbonitrided bearing parts.
- the carbonitrided bearing component of the present embodiment means a carbonitrided bearing component.
- the carbonitriding treatment means a treatment for performing carbonitriding quenching and tempering.
- Bearing parts mean parts of rolling bearings.
- the bearing component is, for example, a bearing ring, a bearing washer, a rolling element, or the like.
- the bearing ring may be an inner ring or an outer ring, and the bearing washer may be an axial bearing washer, a housing bearing washer, a central bearing washer, or a centering housing bearing washer.
- the bearing ring and the bearing washer are not particularly limited as long as they are members having a raceway surface.
- the rolling elements may be balls or rollers.
- the rollers are, for example, cylindrical rollers, rod rollers, needle rollers, tapered rollers, convex rollers and the like.
- the carbonitrided bearing component includes a carbonitriding layer formed by carbonitriding a steel material that is a raw material of the carbonitriding bearing component, and a core portion inside the carbonitriding layer.
- the depth of the carbonitriding layer is not particularly limited, but the depth from the surface of the carbonitriding layer is, for example, 0.2 mm to 5.0 mm.
- the chemical composition of the core is the same as the chemical composition of the steel material that is the raw material for the carbonitrided bearing component. It is well known to those skilled in the art that the carbonitrided layer and the core can be distinguished by performing a well-known microstructure observation.
- the chemical composition of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component contains the following elements.
- the chemical composition described below corresponds to the chemical composition of the steel material that is the raw material of the carbonitrided bearing component.
- C 0.15 to 0.45% Carbon (C) enhances the hardenability of steel. Therefore, the strength of the core and the toughness of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component are increased. C further forms fine carbides and carbonitrides by carbonitriding to enhance the wear resistance of carbonitrided bearing components. Furthermore, C mainly forms small V carbides and small V composite carbides during carbonitriding. Small V carbides and small V composite carbides trap hydrogen in steel during use of carburized steel parts in a hydrogen generating environment. Therefore, the small V carbide and the small V composite carbide increase the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component under the hydrogen generating environment.
- the C content is less than 0.15%, the above effects cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements in the chemical composition is within the range of this embodiment.
- the C content exceeds 0.45%, even if the content of other elements in the chemical composition is within the range of the present embodiment, in the manufacturing process of the steel material that is the raw material of the carbonitrided bearing component, V Carbides, etc. and V-composite carbides, etc. remain as a solid solution. The remaining V carbides and V composite carbides do not form a solid solution sufficiently in the manufacturing process of carbonitrided bearing parts.
- the V carbides and V composite carbides and the like remaining in the steel material grow during the manufacturing process of the carbonitrided bearing component and remain as coarse V carbides and V composite carbides and the like in the carbonitrided bearing component.
- coarse V carbides and coarse V composite carbides in the carbonitrided bearing part have a low ability to trap hydrogen, which causes a structural change.
- the coarse V carbide and the like and the coarse V composite carbide and the like in the carbonitrided bearing component also become a starting point of cracking. Therefore, the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment is shortened. Therefore, the C content is 0.15 to 0.45%.
- the preferable lower limit of the C content is 0.16%, more preferably 0.17%, and further preferably 0.18%.
- the preferable upper limit of the C content is 0.40%, more preferably 0.35%, and further preferably 0.32%.
- Si Silicon (Si) is inevitably contained. That is, the Si content is more than 0%. Si enhances the hardenability of the steel material that is the material of the carbonitrided bearing component, and further solid-dissolves in the ferrite of the steel material to strengthen the ferrite. This increases the strength of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component. However, if the Si content exceeds 0.50%, even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment, the hardness of the steel material as the material of the carbonitrided bearing component becomes too high, and Machinability is reduced. Therefore, the Si content is 0.50% or less.
- the preferable lower limit of the Si content is 0.01%, more preferably 0.02%, and further preferably 0.05%.
- the preferable upper limit of the Si content is 0.40%, more preferably 0.35%, further preferably 0.32%, and further preferably 0.30%.
- Mn 0.20-0.60%
- Manganese (Mn) enhances the hardenability of steel materials. As a result, the strength of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component is increased, and the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment is increased. If the Mn content is less than 0.20%, the above effects cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment. On the other hand, if the Mn content exceeds 0.60%, the hardness of the steel material that is the raw material of the carbonitrided bearing component becomes too high, and the content of the steel material is Machinability is reduced.
- the Mn content is 0.20 to 0.60%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Mn content is 0.22%, more preferably 0.24%, and further preferably 0.26%.
- the preferable upper limit of the Mn content is 0.55%, more preferably 0.50%, and further preferably 0.45%.
- Phosphorus (P) is an unavoidable impurity. That is, the P content is more than 0%. P segregates at the grain boundaries and reduces the grain boundary strength. If the P content exceeds 0.015%, even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment, P is excessively segregated at the grain boundaries to lower the grain boundary strength. As a result, the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment is reduced. Therefore, the P content is 0.015% or less.
- the upper limit of the P content is preferably 0.013%, more preferably 0.010%. It is preferable that the P content is as low as possible. However, excessive reduction of P content raises manufacturing cost. Therefore, in consideration of normal industrial production, the lower limit of the P content is preferably 0.001%, and more preferably 0.002%.
- S 0.005% or less Sulfur (S) is an unavoidable impurity. That is, the S content is more than 0%. S produces sulfide-based inclusions. Coarse sulfide-based inclusions are likely to be the starting point of cracking during the use of carbonitrided bearing parts in a hydrogen generating environment. If the S content exceeds 0.005%, even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment, the sulfide-based inclusions become coarse, and the carbonitrided bearing component peels off in a hydrogen generating environment. The life is shortened. Therefore, the S content is 0.005% or less.
- the preferable upper limit of the S content is 0.004%, and more preferably 0.003%. It is preferable that the S content is as low as possible. However, excessive reduction of S content raises manufacturing cost. Therefore, in consideration of ordinary industrial production, the lower limit of the S content is preferably 0.001%, more preferably 0.002%.
- Chromium (Cr) enhances the hardenability of steel materials. This increases the strength of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component. Cr is further contained in combination with V and Mo to promote generation of small V-based precipitates (V carbide and the like and V composite carbide and the like) during carbonitriding. As a result, not only the wear resistance of the carbonitrided bearing component but also the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment is increased. If the Cr content is less than 0.80%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- the Cr content is 0.80 to 1.50%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Cr content is 0.85%, more preferably 0.88%, and further preferably 0.90%.
- the preferable upper limit of the Cr content is 1.45%, more preferably 1.40%, and further preferably 1.35%.
- Mo 0.17 to 0.30% Molybdenum (Mo), like Cr, enhances the hardenability of steel materials. This increases the strength of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component. Mo is further contained in combination with V and Cr to promote the formation of small V-based precipitates during carbonitriding. As a result, not only the wear resistance of the carbonitrided bearing component but also the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment is increased. If the Mo content is less than 0.17%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if the Mo content exceeds 0.30%, the strength of the steel material, which is the material of the carbonitrided bearing component, becomes too high.
- the Mo content is 0.17 to 0.30%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Mo content is 0.18%, more preferably 0.19%, and further preferably 0.20%.
- the preferable upper limit of the Mo content is 0.29%, more preferably 0.28%, and further preferably 0.27%.
- V 0.24 to 0.40% Vanadium (V) produces small V-based precipitates having an equivalent circle diameter of 150 nm or less in the process of manufacturing carbonitrided bearing components.
- the small V-based precipitate traps hydrogen that has entered the carbonitrided bearing component during use of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen environment.
- the equivalent circle diameter of small V-based precipitates in carbonitrided bearing parts is as small as 150 nm or less. Therefore, even if the small V-based precipitate traps hydrogen, it does not easily become the starting point of the microstructural change. Therefore, the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment is increased.
- V further enhances the wear resistance of carbonitrided bearing components by forming small V-based precipitates in the process of manufacturing carbonitrided bearing components. If the V content is less than 0.24%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if the V content exceeds 0.40%, even if the content of other elements is within the range of the present embodiment, in the manufacturing process of the steel material, V-based precipitates (V carbide and the like and V composite carbide and the like) ) Remains as a solid solution. The remaining V-based precipitates did not form a solid solution sufficiently in the carbonitriding bearing part manufacturing process, and grew during the carbonitriding bearing part manufacturing process to become coarse V-based precipitates having an equivalent circle diameter of more than 150 nm.
- Coarse V-based precipitates reduce the toughness of the core of carbonitrided bearing components. Furthermore, the coarse V-based precipitates in carbonitrided bearing components have a low ability to trap hydrogen. Therefore, the coarse V-carbide and the coarse V-composite carbide are likely to cause a structural change during the use of the carbonitrided bearing component under the hydrogen generation environment.
- the coarse V-based precipitate also serves as a starting point of cracking. Therefore, the coarse V-based precipitate reduces the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component under a hydrogen generating environment. Therefore, the V content is 0.24 to 0.40%.
- the preferable lower limit of the V content is 0.25%, more preferably 0.26%, and further preferably 0.27%.
- the preferable upper limit of the V content is 0.39%, more preferably 0.38%, and further preferably 0.36%.
- Al 0.005 to 0.100%
- Aluminum (Al) deoxidizes steel. If the Al content is less than 0.005%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment. On the other hand, if the Al content exceeds 0.100%, coarse oxide-based inclusions are generated even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment. Coarse oxide-based inclusions are the starting point for fatigue failure of carbonitrided bearing parts under hydrogen generation environment. Therefore, the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment is shortened. Therefore, the Al content is 0.005 to 0.100%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Al content is 0.008%, more preferably 0.010%.
- the preferable upper limit of the Al content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%, further preferably 0.060%.
- the Al content as used herein means the content of total Al (Total Al).
- N 0.0300% or less Nitrogen (N) is an unavoidable impurity. That is, the N content is more than 0%. N forms a solid solution in the steel material and reduces the hot workability of the steel material. If the N content exceeds 0.0300%, the hot workability of the steel material is significantly reduced. Therefore, the N content is 0.0300% or less.
- the preferable upper limit of the N content is 0.0250%, more preferably 0.0200%, further preferably 0.0150%, further preferably 0.0130%.
- the N content is preferably as low as possible. However, excessive reduction of N content raises manufacturing costs. Therefore, in consideration of ordinary industrial production, the lower limit of the N content is preferably 0.0001%, and more preferably 0.0002%.
- Oxygen (O) is an impurity that is inevitably contained. That is, the O content is more than 0%. O combines with other elements in the steel to form coarse oxide-based inclusions. Coarse oxide-based inclusions are the starting point for fatigue failure of carbonitrided bearing parts under hydrogen generation environment. Therefore, the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment is shortened. When the O content exceeds 0.0015%, the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment is significantly reduced even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment. Therefore, the O content is 0.0015% or less.
- the preferable upper limit of the O content is 0.0013%, and more preferably 0.0012%.
- the O content is preferably as low as possible. However, excessive reduction of O content raises manufacturing cost. Therefore, in consideration of ordinary industrial production, the lower limit of the O content is preferably 0.0001%, and more preferably 0.0002%.
- the balance of the chemical composition of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component according to the present embodiment is Fe and impurities.
- the impurities are those that are mixed from ore as a raw material, scrap, or a manufacturing environment when industrially manufacturing a steel material that is a raw material of a carbonitrided bearing component, and the steel material of the present embodiment.
- Carbo-nitrided bearing product means that it is permissible as long as it does not adversely affect it.
- the chemical composition of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component of the present embodiment further contains, in place of part of Fe, one or more selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, B, Nb, and Ti. May be. These elements are optional elements, and all increase the strength of the carbonitrided bearing component.
- Cu 0 to 0.20%
- Copper (Cu) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Cu content may be 0%. When contained, Cu enhances the hardenability of the steel material. This increases the strength of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component. If Cu is contained even a little, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Cu content exceeds 0.20%, the strength of the steel material excessively increases and the machinability of the steel material deteriorates even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment. Therefore, the Cu content is 0 to 0.20%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Cu content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.01%, further preferably 0.02%, further preferably 0.03%, further preferably 0.05%. Is.
- the preferable upper limit of the Cu content is 0.18%, more preferably 0.16%, and further preferably 0.15%.
- Nickel (Ni) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Ni content may be 0%. When contained, Ni enhances the hardenability of the steel material. This increases the strength of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component. If Ni is contained even a little, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Ni content exceeds 0.20%, the strength of the steel material excessively increases and the machinability of the steel material deteriorates even if the content of other elements is within the range of this embodiment. Therefore, the Ni content is 0 to 0.20%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Ni content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.01%, further preferably 0.02%, further preferably 0.03%, further preferably 0.05%. Is.
- the preferable upper limit of the Ni content is 0.18%, more preferably 0.16%, and further preferably 0.15%.
- B 0 to 0.0050%
- Boron (B) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the B content may be 0%. When contained, B enhances the hardenability of the steel material. This increases the strength of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component. B further suppresses P from segregating at the grain boundaries. If B is contained in even a small amount, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the B content exceeds 0.0050%, B nitride (BN) is generated and the toughness of the core portion of the carbonitrided bearing component is reduced. Therefore, the B content is 0 to 0.0050%.
- the preferable lower limit of the B content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.0001%, further preferably 0.0003%, further preferably 0.0005%, further preferably 0.0010%. Is.
- the preferable upper limit of the B content is 0.0030%, more preferably 0.0025%, and further preferably 0.0020%.
- Niobium (Nb) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Nb content may be 0%. When contained, Nb combines with C and N in steel to form carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. These precipitates enhance the strength of carbonitrided bearing parts by precipitation strengthening. If Nb is contained even a little, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Nb content exceeds 0.100%, the toughness of the core portion of the carbonitrided bearing component decreases. Therefore, the Nb content is 0 to 0.100%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Nb content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.005%, further preferably 0.010%.
- the preferable upper limit of the Nb content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%, further preferably 0.050%, further preferably 0.040%.
- Titanium (Ti) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Ti content may be 0%. When included, Ti forms carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides similar to Nb, increasing the strength of carbonitrided bearing components. If Ti is contained even a little, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Ti content exceeds 0.100%, the toughness of the core portion of the carbonitrided bearing component decreases. Therefore, the Ti content is 0 to 0.100%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Ti content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.005%, further preferably 0.010%.
- the preferable upper limit of the Ti content is 0.080%, more preferably 0.070%, further preferably 0.050%, further preferably 0.040%.
- the chemical composition of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component of the present embodiment may further contain Ca instead of part of Fe.
- Ca 0 to 0.0010%
- Calcium (Ca) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Ca content may be 0%. When contained, Ca forms a solid solution with the inclusions in the steel material to make the sulfide fine and spherical. In this case, the hot workability of the steel material is enhanced. If Ca is contained even in a small amount, the above effect can be obtained to some extent. However, if the Ca content exceeds 0.0010%, coarse oxide inclusions are formed in the steel material. During the use of carbonitrided bearing parts in a hydrogen generation environment, if coarse oxide-based inclusions trap hydrogen, a microstructure change easily occurs. The occurrence of structural change shortens the peeling life of carbonitrided bearing parts.
- the Ca content is 0 to 0.0010%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Ca content is more than 0%, more preferably 0.0001%, and further preferably 0.0003%.
- the preferable upper limit of the Ca content is 0.0009%, more preferably 0.0008%.
- F1 is an index related to the generation of small V-based precipitates (V carbides and V compound carbides) that trap hydrogen and increase the peeling life of carbonitrided bearing components under a hydrogen generating environment.
- V carbides and V compound carbides small V-based precipitates
- the formation of small V-based precipitates having an equivalent circle diameter of 150 nm or less is promoted by containing not only V but also Cr and Mo.
- Cr forms Fe-based carbides such as cementite or Cr carbides in a temperature range lower than the temperature range in which V-based precipitates are formed.
- Mo produces Mo carbide (Mo 2 C) in a temperature range lower than the temperature range in which V-based precipitates are produced.
- Fe-based carbides, Cr-based carbides, and Mo-carbides form a solid solution to serve as precipitation nucleation sites for V-based precipitates.
- the equivalent circle diameter is Coarse V-based precipitates with a size of more than 150 nm are formed.
- the V-based precipitate does not sufficiently form a solid solution and remains in the steel material. Therefore, in the manufacturing process of carbonitrided bearing parts, the V-based precipitates remaining in the steel material grow to become coarse V-based precipitates. The coarse V-based precipitate has a low ability to trap hydrogen.
- the coarse V-based precipitate is likely to cause a structural change during the use of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment.
- the coarse V-based precipitate also serves as a starting point of cracking. Therefore, the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment is shortened.
- the preferable lower limit of F1 is 1.51, more preferably 1.52, further preferably 1.54, further preferably 1.55, and further preferably 1.56.
- the preferable upper limit of F1 is 2.44, more preferably 2.43, and further preferably 2.42.
- the value of F1 shall be the value obtained by rounding off the third decimal place.
- F2 is an index of the strength of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component.
- F2 is higher than 2.20 and lower than 2.80, the content of each element in the chemical composition is within the range of the present embodiment, and the formula (1), the formula (3), and the formula (4) (4) is satisfied, the strength of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component is sufficiently increased, and the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component is sufficiently increased in a hydrogen generating environment. Further, the machinability of the steel material used as the material of the carbonitrided bearing component is enhanced.
- the preferable lower limit of F2 is 2.23, more preferably 2.25, further preferably 2.30, further preferably 2.35, and further preferably 2.45.
- the preferable upper limit of F2 is 2.78, more preferably 2.75, further preferably 2.73, and further preferably 2.70.
- the value of F2 shall be the value obtained by rounding off the third decimal place.
- F3 Mo/V.
- the V content necessary for producing a small V-based precipitate having an equivalent circle diameter of 150 nm or less is contained.
- the total content of content, Cr content and Mo content is obtained.
- the V content relative to the Mo content must be adjusted. Specifically, if the ratio of the Mo content to the V content is too low, the Mo carbide serving as a precipitation nucleation site will not be sufficiently precipitated before the V-based precipitate is formed.
- F3 is 0.58 or more and the formula (3) is satisfied, the content of each element in the chemical composition is within the range of this embodiment, and the formula (1), the formula (2), and the formula (4) ) Is satisfied, small V-type precipitates are sufficiently generated in the carbonitrided bearing component, and as a result, the area ratio of the coarse V-type precipitates is reduced in the core portion. Therefore, the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in the hydrogen generating environment is sufficiently long.
- the preferable lower limit of F3 is 0.60, more preferably 0.65, further preferably 0.68, further preferably 0.70, further preferably 0.73, and further preferably It is 0.76.
- the value of F3 shall be the value obtained by rounding off the third decimal place.
- F4 is 2.40 or more, it is assumed that the content of each element in the chemical composition is within the range of the present embodiment and that the formulas (1) to (3) are satisfied, and the strengthening in the crystal grains is performed. A synergistic effect of the mechanism, the grain boundary strengthening mechanism, and the hydrogen invasion suppressing mechanism can be obtained, and the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component under a hydrogen generating environment can be sufficiently obtained.
- the preferable lower limit of F4 is 2.42, more preferably 2.45, further preferably 2.47, further preferably 2.50, and further preferably 2.52.
- the value of F4 shall be the value obtained by rounding off the third decimal place.
- the content of each element in the chemical composition is within the above range, and also satisfies the formulas (1) to (4). Further, in the carbonitrided bearing component of the present embodiment, the area ratio RA of the coarse V-based precipitates having an equivalent circle diameter of more than 150 nm to the total area of the V-based precipitates is 15.0% or less in the core portion.
- V is almost entirely formed as a precipitate. Therefore, when the coarse V-based precipitate area ratio RA is low, it means that many small V-based precipitates are generated.
- the coarse V-based precipitate area ratio RA is 15.0% or less in the core portion.
- small V-based deposits are sufficiently deposited in the carbonitrided bearing component. Therefore, the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in the hydrogen generating environment is sufficiently long.
- the V-based precipitate is a precipitate containing V.
- the V-based precipitate is, for example, V carbide, V carbonitride, V composite carbide containing V and Mo, V composite carbonitride containing V and Mo, and the like.
- the V content in the V-based precipitate is not particularly limited when the mass of the V-based precipitate is 100%, it is, for example, 50% by mass or more.
- the V-based precipitate is formed in a plate shape along the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of ferrite (bcc). Therefore, in a transmission electron microscope image (TEM image) of the ferrite (001) plane, it is observed as a line segment (edge portion) linearly extending in the [100] direction or the [010] direction. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a line segment linearly extending in the [100] orientation or the [010] orientation in a TEM image of the (001) plane of ferrite, which will be described later, is defined as a “V-based precipitate”.
- the coarse V-based precipitate area ratio RA in the core portion of the carbonitrided bearing component can be obtained by the following method using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- a disk having a thickness of 0.5 mm is sampled from the core of the carbonitrided bearing component. Grinding and polishing are performed from both sides of the disk using emery paper so that the disk has a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
- a sample with a diameter of 3 mm is taken from the disc after grinding and polishing. The sample is immersed in a 10% perchloric acid-glacial acetic acid solution and electropolished. Through the above steps, a thin film sample with a thickness of 200 nm or less is manufactured.
- the Kikuchi pattern is analyzed for the thin film sample to specify the crystal orientation of the thin film sample.
- the thin film sample is tilted based on the specified crystal orientation, and the thin film sample is arranged so that the (001) plane of ferrite (bcc) can be observed.
- the observing magnification is 10,000 times and the accelerating voltage is 200 kV, and TEM observation is performed.
- the area of each visual field is 2.00 ⁇ m ⁇ 2.00 ⁇ m.
- V-based precipitates are formed in a plate shape along the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of ferrite. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the V-based precipitate 10 is observed as a line segment linearly extending in the [100] orientation or the [010] orientation in the TEM image of the (001) plane of the ferrite. In addition, in the TEM image, the V precipitate is observed with a black contrast having a low lightness as compared with the matrix. Therefore, in the TEM image of the (001) plane of the ferrite, the line segment linearly extending in the [100] direction or the [010] direction is regarded as the V-based precipitate 10.
- the length of each V-based precipitate (line segment) observed in each field of view is regarded as the equivalent circle diameter of the V-based precipitate.
- a V-based precipitate having a circle equivalent diameter that is, a length of a line segment
- the total area of V-based precipitates having an equivalent diameter of less than 5 nm is so small that it can be ignored. Therefore, in the present specification, a V-based precipitate having a circle equivalent diameter (line segment) of 5 nm or more is specified. Then, the area of each specified V-based precipitate is obtained.
- the V-based precipitate is observed as a line segment. Therefore, the square of the line segment length of the V-based precipitate is defined as the area of the V-based precipitate.
- the microstructure of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component is substantially a martensite structure.
- the martensite structure here means a structure in which the area ratio of martensite is 90.0% or more.
- the martensite here includes tempered martensite, bainite, and tempered bainite. Since the carbonitriding layer is formed on the surface layer of the carbonitrided bearing component, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the core microstructure of the carbonitrided bearing component becomes the above-mentioned martensite structure.
- phases other than martensite are, for example, ferrite and pearlite.
- the area ratio (%) of martensite in the microstructure of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component of the present embodiment is measured by the following method.
- a sample is taken from the core of the carbonitrided bearing part.
- the observation surface is etched with 2% nitric acid alcohol (nital etchant).
- the etched observation surface is observed using a 500 ⁇ optical microscope, and a photographic image of arbitrary 20 fields of view is generated. The size of each visual field is 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
- each phase is specified based on the contrast.
- the total area ([mu] m 2) of the ferrite in each field and determines the total area of perlite ( ⁇ m 2).
- the ratio of the total area of the total area of ferrite and the total area of pearlite in all the visual fields to the total area of all the visual fields is defined as the total area ratio (%) of ferrite and pearlite.
- C concentration, N concentration and Rockwell C hardness on the surface of carbonitrided bearing parts The C concentration, N concentration, and Rockwell C hardness HRC on the surface of the carbonitrided bearing component are as follows.
- the carbon concentration on the surface of the carbonitrided bearing component is 0.70 to 1.20%. If the C concentration on the surface is too low, the surface hardness will be too low, and the wear resistance of the carbonitrided bearing component will be reduced. On the other hand, if the C concentration on the surface is too high, coarse carbonitrides and the like are generated, and the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment is reduced. When the C concentration on the surface is 0.70 to 1.20%, the abrasion resistance and the peeling life in a hydrogen generating environment are excellent.
- the preferable lower limit of the C concentration on the surface is 0.72%, more preferably 0.75%, further preferably 0.78%, further preferably 0.80%.
- the preferable upper limit of the C concentration on the surface is 1.10%, more preferably 1.05%, and further preferably 1.00%.
- the N concentration on the surface of the carbonitrided bearing component is 0.15 to 0.60%. If the N concentration on the surface is too low, the generation of fine carbonitrides is suppressed, so that the wear resistance of the carbonitrided bearing component is reduced. On the other hand, if the N concentration on the surface is too high, an excessive amount of retained austenite is produced. In this case, the hardness of the surface of the carbonitrided bearing component is reduced, and the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment is reduced. When the N concentration on the surface is 0.15 to 0.60%, the carbonitrided bearing component is excellent in wear resistance and peeling life under a hydrogen generating environment.
- the preferable lower limit of the N concentration on the surface is 0.18%, more preferably 0.20%, further preferably 0.23%, further preferably 0.25%.
- the preferable upper limit of the N concentration on the surface is 0.58%, more preferably 0.56%, further preferably 0.54%, further preferably 0.50%.
- the C concentration and N concentration on the surface are measured by the following methods.
- An electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA) is used to measure the C and N concentrations at an arbitrary surface position of the carbonitrided bearing component up to a depth of 100 ⁇ m at a pitch of 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the arithmetic mean value of the measured C concentration is defined as the surface C concentration (mass %).
- the arithmetic mean value of the measured N concentrations is defined as the surface N concentration (mass %).
- the surface of the carbonitrided bearing component has a Rockwell C hardness HRC of 58 to 65.
- the Rockwell C hardness HRC of the surface is less than 58, the wear resistance of the carbonitrided bearing component is deteriorated.
- the Rockwell C hardness of the surface exceeds 65, the generation and propagation of fine cracks are facilitated, and the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment is shortened.
- the Rockwell C hardness of the surface is 58 to 65, excellent abrasion resistance and excellent peeling life under hydrogen generating environment can be obtained.
- the preferable lower limit of the Rockwell C hardness of the surface is 59.
- the preferable upper limit of the Rockwell C hardness of the surface is 64.
- the Rockwell C hardness HRC of carbonitrided bearing parts is measured by the following method. Arbitrary four measurement positions are specified on the surface of the carbonitrided bearing component. A Rockwell hardness test using a C scale is carried out at the four specified measurement positions in accordance with JIS Z 2245 (2011). The arithmetic mean value of the four obtained Rockwell C hardness HRC is defined as the Rockwell C hardness HRC on the surface.
- the content of each element in the core portion is within the range of the present embodiment described above, and F1 to F4 are formulas (1) to (4).
- the C concentration on the surface is 0.70 to 1.20% by mass%
- the N concentration on the surface is 0.15 to 0.60% by mass%
- the Rockwell hardness HRC on the surface is 58 to 65. Therefore, excellent wear resistance and excellent toughness of the core portion are obtained, and further, excellent peeling life is obtained in a hydrogen generating environment.
- Method for manufacturing carbonitrided bearing parts An example of the method for manufacturing the carbonitrided bearing component of the present embodiment will be described.
- the method for manufacturing the carbonitrided bearing component described below is an example for manufacturing the carbonitrided bearing component of the present embodiment. Therefore, the carbonitrided bearing component having the above configuration may be manufactured by a manufacturing method other than the manufacturing method described below.
- the manufacturing method described below is a preferred example of the method for manufacturing the carbonitrided bearing component of the present embodiment.
- the chemical composition of the steel material which is the raw material of the carbonitrided bearing component of the present embodiment, in mass% is C: 0.15 to 0.45%, Si: 0.50% or less, Mn: 0.20 to 0. 60%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.005% or less, Cr: 0.80 to 1.50%, Mo: 0.17 to 0.30%, V: 0.24 to 0.40 %, Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, N: 0.0300% or less, O: 0.0015% or less, Cu: 0 to 0.20%, Ni: 0 to 0.20%, B:0.
- the total area ratio of ferrite and pearlite in the microstructure is 10.0% or more, the balance consists of bainite, and the V content in the electrolytic extraction residue with respect to the V content (mass %) in the chemical composition
- the ratio of the amount (mass %) is 10.0% or less.
- the chemical composition of the steel material described above corresponds to the chemical composition of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component of the present embodiment.
- the V-based precipitates (V carbide and V compound carbide) are sufficiently solid-solved, and the residual amount of the V-based precipitate is sufficiently low.
- the ratio of the V content (mass %) in the electrolytic extraction residue to the V content (mass %) in the chemical composition (hereinafter referred to as the V content ratio RA V in the residue) is 10.0% or less. Is.
- the V content in the electrolytic extraction residue of the steel material is defined as [V] R and the V content in the chemical composition of the steel material is defined as [V] C
- the V content in the electrolytic extraction residue of the steel material is [V].
- V-based precipitates V carbides and V composite carbides
- the V-based precipitate remaining in the steel material grows to become a coarse V-based precipitate having an equivalent circle diameter of more than 150 nm. Since the coarse V-based precipitate has a low ability to trap hydrogen, it is likely to cause a structural change during the use of the carbonitrided bearing component in a hydrogen generating environment. If the microstructure is changed, the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing part in a hydrogen generating environment is shortened.
- residue V amount ratio RA V steel as a carbonitriding bearing part of the material is less than 10.0%, in steel, V based precipitates are sufficiently dissolved. Therefore, coarse V-based precipitates having a circle equivalent diameter exceeding 150 nm are unlikely to be generated in the carbonitrided bearing component. As a result, the reduction of the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component under the hydrogen generating environment due to the coarse V-based precipitate is suppressed.
- the preferable upper limit of the residue V amount ratio RA V is 9.5%, more preferably 9.2%, more preferably 9.0%, more preferably 8.5%, more preferably Is 8.3%, more preferably 8.0%, further preferably 7.5%, further preferably 7.0%, further preferably 6.5%, and further preferably Is 6.0%.
- the V content in the electrolytic extraction residue of the steel material used as the material of the carbonitrided bearing component can be measured by the following method.
- a cylindrical test piece having a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 50 mm is taken from the steel material.
- three above-mentioned columnar test pieces are sampled from the R/2 position of the cross section (hereinafter referred to as the cross section) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (axial direction) of the steel material.
- the surface of the sampled cylindrical test piece is polished by preliminary electrolytic polishing to about 50 ⁇ m to obtain a new surface.
- the electrolytically polished cylindrical test piece is electrolyzed with an electrolytic solution (10% acetylacetone+1% tetraammonium+methanol).
- the electrolytic solution after electrolysis is filtered through a 0.2 ⁇ m filter to capture the residue.
- the obtained residue is acid-decomposed, and the V content is quantified in mass% unit when the steel material (base material) is 100 mass% by ICP (inductively coupled plasma) emission analysis.
- the arithmetic mean value of V content in the electrolytic extraction residue of each columnar test piece (that is, the arithmetic mean value of three V contents) is defined as V content [V] R in the electrolytic extraction residue of steel.
- V content [V] R in the electrolytic extraction residue is a value obtained by rounding off the second decimal place of the arithmetic mean value.
- Residue V amount ratio RA V is a value obtained by rounding off to one decimal place.
- RA V [V] R / [V] C ⁇ 100 (A)
- An example of a method of manufacturing a steel material as a material of the carbonitrided bearing component of the present embodiment having the above configuration is a steelmaking process of refining molten steel and casting to manufacture a material (cast slab), and hot working of the material. And a hot working step of manufacturing a steel material.
- a steelmaking process of refining molten steel and casting to manufacture a material (cast slab), and hot working of the material is a hot working step of manufacturing a steel material.
- Step making process In the steelmaking process, molten steel having the above chemical composition in which the content of each element is within the range of this embodiment and F1 to F4 satisfy the formulas (1) to (4) is manufactured.
- the refining method is not particularly limited, and a known method may be used.
- refining (primary refining) in a converter is performed on the hot metal produced by a known method.
- the well-known secondary refining is performed on the molten steel tapped from the converter.
- addition of alloying elements for component adjustment is performed, and the content of each element is within the range of this embodiment, and F1 to F4 are chemical compositions satisfying formulas (1) to (4).
- the raw material is manufactured by the well-known casting method using the molten steel manufactured by the above refining method.
- molten steel is used to produce an ingot by the ingot making method.
- bloom or billet may be manufactured by continuous casting method using molten steel.
- the material (bloom, ingot) is manufactured by the above method.
- Hot working process hot working is performed on the raw material (bloom or ingot) prepared in the raw material preparing step to manufacture a steel material that is a raw material of the carbonitrided bearing component.
- the steel material is a steel bar or a wire rod.
- the hot working process includes a rough rolling process and a finish rolling process.
- the material is hot worked to produce a billet.
- the rough rolling process uses, for example, a slab mill.
- the slab is rolled by a slab to produce a billet.
- a continuous rolling mill is installed downstream of the slab, the bilge-rolled billet is further hot-rolled using a continuous rolling mill to produce a smaller billet. May be.
- a horizontal stand having a pair of horizontal rolls and a vertical stand having a pair of vertical rolls are alternately arranged in a line.
- the heating temperature and holding time in the heating furnace in the rough rolling process are as follows. Heating temperature: 1150 to 1300°C Holding time at the heating temperature: 1.5 to 10.0 hours
- the heating temperature is the furnace temperature (° C.) of the heating furnace.
- the holding time is the holding time (hour) when the furnace temperature of the heating furnace is 1150 to 1300°C.
- the heating temperature is less than 1150° C. or the holding time at the heating temperature of 1150 to 1300° C. is less than 1.5 hours, the V carbides and V composite carbides in the raw material will not be sufficiently dissolved. Therefore, the residue V amount ratio RA V exceeds 10.0%.
- the heating temperature exceeds 1300° C. or the holding time at 1150 to 1300° C. exceeds 10.0 hours, the unit consumption becomes excessively high and the manufacturing cost becomes high.
- the heating temperature in the rough rolling step is 1150 to 1300°C and the holding time at 1150 to 1300°C is 1.5 to 10.0 hours, the V carbides and V composite carbides in the material are sufficient. Dissolve in.
- the billet is first heated using a heating furnace.
- the billet after heating is hot-rolled using a continuous rolling mill to manufacture a steel bar or a wire rod.
- the heating temperature and holding time in the heating furnace in the finish rolling process are as follows. Heating temperature: 1150 to 1300°C Holding time at the heating temperature: 1.5 to 5.0 hours
- the heating temperature is the furnace temperature (° C.) of the heating furnace.
- the holding time is the holding time (hour) when the furnace temperature of the heating furnace is 1150 to 1300°C.
- the heating temperature in the heating furnace in the finish rolling process is less than 1150°C or the holding time at 1150 to 1300°C is less than 1.5 hours, the load applied to the rolling mill during finish rolling becomes excessively large. .. On the other hand, if the heating temperature exceeds 1300° C. or the holding time at 1150 to 1300° C. exceeds 5.0 hours, the unit consumption becomes excessively high and the manufacturing cost becomes high.
- the heating temperature in the finish rolling step is 1150 to 1300° C. and the holding time at 1150 to 1300° C. is 1.5 to 5.0 hours, V carbides and V composite carbides in the material Dissolve sufficiently.
- the steel material after finish rolling is cooled at a cooling rate equal to or lower than cooling to manufacture a steel material that is a raw material for the carbonitrided bearing part of the present embodiment.
- the average cooling rate CR in the temperature range where the steel material temperature is 800°C to 500°C is 0.1 to 5.0°C/sec.
- a phase transformation from austenite to ferrite, pearlite, or bainite occurs.
- the average cooling rate CR in the temperature range where the steel material temperature is 800° C. to 500° C. is 0.1 to 5.0° C./sec, it is possible to suppress the formation of martensite in the microstructure,
- the structure is such that the total area ratio of ferrite and pearlite is 10.0% or more and the balance is bainite.
- the average cooling rate CR is measured by the following method.
- the steel material after finish rolling is conveyed downstream in the conveying line.
- a plurality of thermometers are arranged along the transfer line, and the steel material temperature at each position of the transfer line can be measured. Based on a plurality of thermometers arranged along the transfer line, the time until the temperature of the steel material reaches 800°C to 500°C is obtained, and the average cooling rate CR (°C/sec) is obtained.
- the average cooling rate CR can be adjusted by disposing a plurality of slow cooling covers at intervals on the transfer line.
- the steel material having the above configuration can be manufactured.
- An example of the method for manufacturing the carbonitrided bearing component having the above-described configuration is as follows. First, an intermediate product is manufactured by processing the steel material of the present embodiment, which is a raw material for carbonitrided bearing parts, into a predetermined shape.
- the processing method is, for example, hot forging or machining.
- the machining is, for example, cutting. It suffices to carry out the hot forging under known conditions.
- the heating temperature of the steel material in the hot forging step is, for example, 1000 to 1300°C.
- the intermediate product after hot forging is allowed to cool. In addition, you may implement a machining process after hot forging.
- a well-known spheroidizing annealing treatment may be performed on the steel material or the intermediate product before performing the machining process.
- machining it is preferable that the machinability of the steel material (intermediate product) is high.
- the steel material used as the material for the carbonitrided bearing component described above has excellent machinability. Therefore, the steel material of the present embodiment is suitable for the machining process.
- Carbonitriding is performed on the manufactured intermediate product to manufacture a carbonitrided bearing component.
- the carbonitriding treatment includes carbonitriding and quenching and tempering as described above.
- carbonitriding and quenching an intermediate product is heated and held at a carbonitriding temperature of Ac 3 transformation point or higher in a known atmosphere gas containing ammonia gas in a known carburization conversion gas, and then rapidly cooled.
- the tempering treatment the carbonitrided intermediate product is held at a tempering temperature of 100 to 500° C. for a predetermined time.
- the carburizing shift gas means a well-known endothermic shift gas (RX gas).
- the RX gas is a gas obtained by mixing a hydrocarbon gas such as butane and propane with air and allowing the mixture to pass through a heated Ni catalyst to cause a reaction, and is a mixed gas containing CO, H 2 , N 2, and the like.
- the surface C concentration, surface N concentration, and surface hardness of carbonitrided bearing parts can be adjusted by controlling the conditions of carbonitriding and quenching and tempering. Specifically, the surface C concentration and the surface N concentration are adjusted by controlling the carbon potential and the ammonia concentration in the atmosphere gas during carbonitriding and quenching.
- the surface C concentration of carbonitrided bearing parts is mainly adjusted by the carbon potential of carbonitriding and quenching, the carbonitriding temperature, and the holding time at the carbonitriding temperature.
- the lower the carbon potential, the lower carbonitriding temperature, and the shorter the holding time at the carbonitriding temperature the lower the surface C concentration becomes.
- the surface N concentration is mainly adjusted by the ammonia concentration during carbonitriding and quenching, the carbonitriding temperature, and the holding time at the carbonitriding temperature.
- the lower the ammonia concentration, the higher the carbonitriding temperature, and the shorter the holding time at the carbonitriding temperature the lower the surface N concentration.
- Surface hardness is related to surface C concentration and surface N concentration. Specifically, the higher the surface C concentration and the surface N concentration, the higher the surface hardness. On the other hand, when the surface C concentration and the surface N concentration decrease, the surface hardness also decreases.
- the surface hardness increased by carbonitriding and quenching can be reduced by tempering. If the tempering temperature is high and the holding time at the tempering temperature is long, the surface hardness of the carbonitrided bearing component is lowered. If the tempering temperature is low and the holding time at the tempering temperature is short, the surface hardness of the carbonitrided bearing component can be maintained high.
- Carbon potential in atmosphere CP 0.70 to 1.40
- the carbon potential CP in the atmospheric gas is 0.70 or more
- the C concentration on the surface of the carbonitrided bearing component is sufficiently increased, and for example, the surface C concentration is 0.70% or more by mass %.
- the carbonitriding treatment produces a sufficient amount of carbonitrides, and the wear resistance is remarkably enhanced.
- the carbon potential CP is 1.40 or less
- the surface C concentration becomes 1.20% or less, and the generation of coarse carbonitride can be sufficiently suppressed. Therefore, the preferable carbon potential CP is 0.70 to 1.40.
- Ammonia concentration with respect to carburizing shift gas flow rate in the atmosphere 1.00 to 6.00%
- the ammonia concentration with respect to the flow rate of the carburizing shift gas in the atmosphere means the ammonia concentration (mass %) when the flow rate of the carburizing shift gas is 100%.
- the ammonia concentration with respect to the flow rate of the carburized and transformed gas is 1.00% or more
- the surface N concentration of the carbonitrided bearing component is sufficiently increased and the surface N concentration is 0.15% or more. In this case, the carbonitriding treatment produces a sufficient amount of carbonitrides, and the wear resistance is remarkably enhanced.
- the ammonia concentration is 6% or less with respect to the carburizing shift gas flow rate
- the surface N concentration of the carbonitrided bearing component is 0.60% or less. In this case, the formation of coarse carbonitride is sufficiently suppressed. Therefore, the ammonia concentration is 1.00 to 6.00% with respect to the flow rate of the carburizing shift gas in the atmosphere.
- Holding temperature during carbonitriding (carbonitriding temperature): 830 to 930°C Holding time at carbonitriding temperature: 30 to 100 minutes If the carbonitriding temperature is too low, the diffusion rate of C and N becomes slow. In this case, the processing time required to obtain a predetermined heat treatment property becomes long and the manufacturing cost becomes high. On the other hand, if the carbonitriding temperature is too high, ammonia in the atmosphere is decomposed, and the amount of N penetrating into the steel material decreases. Furthermore, the amount of invaded C and N in solid solution in the steel material matrix increases. Therefore, a sufficient amount of carbonitride is not generated, and the wear resistance of the carbonitrided bearing part is reduced. Therefore, the carbonitriding temperature is 830 to 930°C.
- the holding time at the carbonitriding temperature is not particularly limited as long as a sufficient C concentration and N concentration can be secured on the surface of the steel material.
- the holding time is, for example, 30 to 100 minutes.
- Quenching temperature 830-930°C If the quenching temperature is too low, sufficient C cannot be solid-dissolved in the steel, and the hardness of the steel will decrease. On the other hand, if the quenching temperature is too high, the crystal grains become coarse, and coarse carbonitrides along the grain boundaries are likely to precipitate. Therefore, the quenching temperature is 830 to 930°C.
- the carbonitriding temperature may also serve as the carburizing and quenching temperature.
- Tempering temperature 150 ⁇ 200°C Holding time at tempering temperature: 30 to 240 minutes If the tempering temperature is too low, sufficient toughness of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the tempering temperature is too high, the surface hardness of the carbonitrided bearing component decreases, and the wear resistance of the carbonitrided bearing component decreases. Therefore, the tempering temperature is 150 to 200°C.
- the holding time at the tempering temperature is 30 to 240 minutes.
- the carbonitrided bearing component of this embodiment is manufactured by the above manufacturing process.
- the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples.
- Molten steel having various chemical compositions shown in Table 1 was manufactured using a converter.
- Blank in Table 1 means that the content of the corresponding element was below the detection limit.
- the steel type Y had a chemical composition equivalent to SUJ2 defined in JIS G 4805 (2008) which is a conventional steel material.
- the steel type Y is referred to as a comparative reference steel material. Blooms were manufactured by continuously casting the molten steels shown in Table 1. A rough rolling process was performed on the bloom. Specifically, bloom was heated at the heating temperature (° C.) shown in Table 2. The holding time at the heating temperature was 3.0 to 3.5 hours in all cases.
- the heated bloom was slab-rolled to produce a billet having a rectangular cross section of 160 mm x 160 mm. Further, the billet was subjected to a finish rolling process. In the finish rolling step, the billet was heated at the heating temperature (°C) shown in Table 2. The holding time at the heating temperature was 2.5 to 3.0 hours in all cases. The heated billet was hot rolled to produce a steel bar having a diameter of 60 mm. The manufactured billet was cooled at the average cooling rate CR (°C/sec) shown in Table 2.
- a steel bar which is a steel material, was manufactured. A steel bar having a diameter of 60 mm was manufactured under the same manufacturing conditions for the comparative reference steel material.
- the heating temperature in the rough rolling process of the comparative reference steel was 1250° C., and the holding time was 3.0 hours.
- the heating temperature in the finish rolling step was 1250°C, and the holding time was 2.5 hours.
- the average cooling rate CR was 1.0° C./second.
- [Microstructure observation test] A sample was taken from the R/2 position in the cross section (transverse cross section) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (axial direction) of the steel material (bar steel) of each test number. Of the surfaces of the collected samples, the surface corresponding to the above-mentioned cross section was used as the observation surface. After mirror-polishing the observation surface, the observation surface was etched with 2% nitric acid alcohol (nital etchant). The etched observation surface was observed using a 500 ⁇ optical microscope, and a photographic image of arbitrary 20 fields of view was generated. The size of each visual field was 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
- each phase (ferrite, pearlite, bainite) was specified based on the contrast.
- the total area of the ferrite in the field of view [mu] m 2), and to determine the total area of perlite ( ⁇ m 2).
- the ratio of the total area of the total area of ferrite and the total area of pearlite in all the visual fields to the total area of all the visual fields was defined as the total area ratio (%) of ferrite and pearlite.
- the total area ratio (%) of ferrite and pearlite was a value obtained by rounding the second decimal place.
- the microstructure other than ferrite and pearlite was bainite (excluding inclusions and precipitates).
- the total area ratio of ferrite and pearlite of each test number is shown in the "F+P total area ratio" column in Table 2.
- the obtained residue was acid-decomposed and the V content was quantified in mass% unit by ICP (inductively coupled plasma) emission analysis when the steel material (base material) was 100 mass %.
- the arithmetic mean value of V content in the electrolytic extraction residue of each columnar test piece (that is, the arithmetic mean value of three V contents) was defined as the V content in the electrolytic extraction residue of steel as [V] R. ..
- the V content [V] R in the electrolytic extraction residue was a value obtained by rounding off the second decimal place of the arithmetic mean value.
- V content ratio RA V in the residue according to the formula (A) (%) was calculated.
- Residue V amount ratio RA V is a value obtained by rounding off to one decimal place.
- RA V [V] R / [V] C ⁇ 100 (A)
- the V amount ratio RA V (%) in the obtained residue is shown in the “RA V ” column in Table 2.
- the toughness evaluation test was carried out by the following method.
- the steel bar of each test number was subjected to machining (peripheral turning) to obtain an intermediate product (bar steel) having a diameter of 40 mm.
- Carbonitriding was simulated for the intermediate product after machining, and quenching and tempering (simulated carbonitriding) of the heat pattern shown in FIG. 3 were performed.
- the quenching temperature was 900° C. and the holding time was 60 minutes.
- the intermediate product (bar steel) after the holding time had elapsed was oil-cooled (described as "OQ" in the figure).
- the tempering temperature was 180° C.
- the intermediate product (bar steel) after the holding time had elapsed was air-cooled (described as "AC" in the figure).
- the steel bar subjected to the above-mentioned simulated carbonitriding treatment corresponded to the core of the carbonitrided bearing component.
- the manufactured steel bar is referred to as a simulated carbonitrided bearing component.
- a Charpy test piece having a V notch was taken from the R/2 position of the simulated carbonitrided bearing part.
- a Charpy test piece Using a Charpy test piece, a Charpy test according to JIS Z 2242 (2009) was performed at room temperature (20° C. ⁇ 15° C.). The absorbed energy obtained by the test was divided by the original cross-sectional area of the notch (the cross-sectional area of the notch of the test piece before the test) to obtain the impact value vE 20 (J/cm 2 ). The obtained impact value vE 20 is shown in the “vE 20 ”column in Table 2.
- a rod-shaped No. 4 tensile test piece conforming to JIS Z 2241 (2011) was taken from the above-mentioned simulated carbonitrided bearing part.
- a tensile test according to JIS Z 2241 (2011) was carried out in the atmosphere at room temperature (20°C ⁇ 15°C), and 0.2% offset proof stress ⁇ y was obtained from the obtained stress strain curve. (MPa) was determined.
- the obtained 0.2% offset proof stress ⁇ y is shown in the column “ ⁇ y” in Table 2.
- the obtained Index is shown in the "Index" column of Table 2.
- the index of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component is required to be 950 or more. Therefore, in the toughness evaluation test, when the Index was 950 or more, it was determined that the core of the carbonitrided bearing component had excellent toughness (indicated by "E” mark in the toughness evaluation column in Table 2). On the other hand, when the index was less than 950, the toughness was determined to be low (indicated by the "B” mark in the toughness evaluation column in Table 2).
- FIG. 4 is a side view of the intermediate product.
- the numerical values in FIG. 4 indicate the dimensions (mm) of each part of the intermediate product.
- the numerical value next to “ ⁇ ” in FIG. 4 indicates the diameter (mm).
- Carbo-nitriding quenching and tempering were performed on the intermediate product, and multiple small roller test pieces that were carbonitriding bearing parts were made with each test number. At this time, the conditions of carbonitriding and quenching and tempering were set so that the surface C concentration of the small roller test piece was 0.80%, the surface N concentration was 0.30%, and the surface hardness was 60 in Rockwell C hardness HRC. Was adjusted.
- the tempering treatment was carried out at the tempering temperature and the holding time shown in Table 3, and after the holding time, air cooling was performed.
- the intermediate product after carbonitriding and quenching and tempering was subjected to finishing (cutting) to obtain a small roller test piece (carbonitriding bearing part) having a shape shown in FIG.
- the numerical values in FIG. 5 indicate the dimensions (mm) of each part of the test piece.
- the numerical value next to “ ⁇ ” in FIG. 4 indicates the diameter (mm).
- a roller pitching test (2-cylinder rolling fatigue test) was performed on small roller test pieces of each test number.
- the material of the large roller had the chemical composition of steel type Y, which is the comparative reference steel material in Table 1.
- Quenching treatment and tempering treatment were performed on the material of the large roller.
- the quenching temperature in the quenching treatment was 860° C., and the holding time at the quenching temperature was 60 minutes. After the holding time, the material was oil-cooled with oil at 80°C.
- a tempering treatment was performed on the material after the quenching treatment.
- the tempering temperature in the tempering treatment was 180° C., and the holding time at the tempering temperature was 120 minutes.
- the contact stress between the small roller test piece and the large roller during the test was set to 3.0 GPa.
- a lubricant commercial automatic transmission oil: ATF
- ATF commercial automatic transmission oil
- the average wear depth ( ⁇ m), surface hardness (HRC), and surface C concentration (mass %) were determined by the following methods.
- the roughness of the sliding portion of the test piece after the test was measured. Specifically, the roughness profile was measured at four positions at 90° pitch in the circumferential direction on the peripheral surface of the small roller test piece. The maximum depth of the roughness profile at the above four locations was defined as the wear depth, and the average of the wear depths at these four locations was defined as the average wear depth ( ⁇ m). The average wear depth is shown in the "Average wear depth" column in Table 2. When the average wear depth was 10 ⁇ m or less, it was judged that the wear resistance was excellent (indicated by “E” in the wear resistance evaluation in Table 2). On the other hand, when the average wear depth exceeds 10 ⁇ m, it was judged that the wear resistance was low (indicated by “B” in the wear resistance evaluation in Table 2).
- TEM observation was performed on the thin film sample. Specifically, first, the Kikuchi pattern was analyzed for the thin film sample to identify the crystal orientation of the thin film sample. Next, the thin film sample was tilted based on the characterized crystal orientation, and the thin film sample was arranged so that the (001) plane of ferrite (bcc) could be observed. After placement, any 10 fields of view of the thin film sample were identified. For each specified visual field, observing magnification was 10,000 times, accelerating voltage was 200 kV, and TEM observation was performed. The area of each visual field was 2.00 ⁇ m ⁇ 2.00 ⁇ m.
- V-based precipitates are formed in a plate shape along the ⁇ 001 ⁇ plane of ferrite. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the V-based precipitate 10 is observed as a line segment linearly extending in the [100] direction or the [010] direction in the TEM image of the (001) plane of the ferrite. In addition, in the TEM image, the V precipitate is observed with a black contrast having a low lightness as compared with the matrix. Therefore, in the TEM image of the (001) plane of the ferrite, a line segment linearly extending in the [100] direction or the [010] direction was regarded as the V-based precipitate 10.
- each V-based precipitate (line segment) observed in each field was regarded as the equivalent circle diameter of the V-based precipitate.
- a V-based precipitate having a circle equivalent diameter (line segment) of 5 nm or more was specified. Then, the area of each specified V-based precipitate was determined. As described above, the V-based precipitate is observed as a line segment. Therefore, the square of the line segment length of the V-based precipitate was defined as the area of the V-based precipitate.
- the total area (total length of line segments) of the specified V-based precipitate was determined in the observed 10 fields of view. Further, a V-based precipitate (coarse V-based precipitate) having an equivalent circle diameter (line segment length) of more than 150 nm was specified. Then, the total area of the specified coarse V-based precipitates (sum of squares of length of line segment) was obtained. Based on the total area of the V-based precipitates and the total area of the coarse V-based precipitates, the coarse V-based precipitate area ratio RA (%) was calculated by the following formula.
- Coarse V-based precipitate area ratio RA Total area of coarse V-based precipitate/Total area of V-based precipitate ⁇ 100
- the obtained coarse V-based precipitate area ratio RA is shown in the column of "Coarse V-based precipitate area ratio RA" in Table 2.
- each phase (martensite, ferrite, pearlite) was specified based on the contrast.
- the total area of the ferrite in the field of view [mu] m 2), and to determine the total area of perlite ( ⁇ m 2).
- the ratio of the total area of the total area of ferrite and the total area of pearlite in all the visual fields to the total area of all the visual fields was defined as the total area ratio (%) of ferrite and pearlite.
- the martensite area ratio was 90.0% or more in any test number.
- a disk-shaped intermediate product having a diameter of 60 mm and a thickness of 5.5 mm was created from the steel material (bar steel having a diameter of 60 mm) of each test number by machining.
- the thickness of the intermediate product (5.5 mm) corresponded to the longitudinal direction of the steel bar.
- the intermediate product was subjected to carbonitriding treatment (carbonitriding quenching and tempering) to manufacture a carbonitriding bearing component. At this time, carbonitriding quenching and tempering are performed so that the surface C concentration of each carbonitrided bearing component is 0.80%, the surface N concentration is 0.30%, and the surface Rockwell C hardness HRC is 60. did.
- the tempering treatment was carried out at the tempering temperature and the holding time shown in Table 3, and after the holding time, air cooling was performed. The surface of the carbonitrided bearing component thus obtained was lapped to obtain a rolling fatigue test piece.
- the atmosphere in the heat treatment furnace used for the quenching treatment was adjusted so that decarburization did not occur in the intermediate product after the quenching treatment.
- a tempering process was performed on the intermediate product after the quenching process.
- the tempering temperature in the tempering treatment was 180° C., and the holding time at the tempering temperature was 120 minutes.
- the surface of the carbonitrided bearing component thus obtained was lapped to obtain a rolling fatigue test piece.
- the following peel life test was implemented using the rolling fatigue test piece of each test number and the rolling fatigue test piece of the comparative reference steel material (steel type Y). Specifically, in order to simulate a hydrogen generation environment, a rolling fatigue test piece was immersed in a 20% ammonium thiocyanate (NH 4 SCN) aqueous solution to carry out a hydrogen charge treatment. Specifically, hydrogen charge treatment was performed at an aqueous solution temperature of 50° C. and an immersion time of 24 hours.
- NH 4 SCN ammonium thiocyanate
- a rolling fatigue test was carried out on a rolling test piece subjected to hydrogen charging using a thrust type rolling fatigue tester.
- the maximum contact surface pressure during the test was 3.0 GPa, and the repetition rate was 1800 cpm (cycle per minute).
- the lubricating oil used during the test was turbine oil, and the steel balls used during the test were the refining material of SUJ2 specified in JIS G 4805 (2008).
- peel life ratio Peel life of each test number / Peel life of steel type Y
- the obtained peeling life ratio is shown in the "Peeling life ratio" column of Table 2. If the obtained peeling life ratio was 2.0 or more, it was judged that the peeling life in a hydrogen generating environment was excellent (indicated by "E” in the “Evaluation” column of "Peeling life ratio” in Table 2). .. On the other hand, if the stripping life ratio was less than 2.0, it was determined that the stripping life in the hydrogen generating environment was low (indicated by "B” in the “Evaluation” column of "Stripping life ratio” in Table 2).
- Table 2 shows the test results.
- the content of each element was appropriate, and F1 to F4 satisfied formulas (1) to (4).
- the manufacturing conditions were also appropriate. Therefore, in the steel material used as the material of the carbonitrided bearing component, the total area ratio of ferrite and pearlite in the microstructure is 10.0% or more, the balance consists of bainite, and the V content ratio RA V in the residue is 10.0%. It was below. As a result, the tool life ratio of the steel material used for the carbonitrided bearing component was 0.8 or more, and excellent machinability was obtained for the steel material used for the carbonitrided bearing component.
- the Index was 950 or more, and it could be expected that excellent toughness could be obtained in the core of the carbonitrided bearing component.
- the surface C concentration of the carbonitrided bearing component is 0.70 to 1.20%, the surface N concentration is 0.15 to 0.60%, and the Rockwell C hardness HRC of the surface is 58 to 65. there were.
- the coarse V-based precipitate area ratio RA at the core of the carbonitrided bearing component was 15.0% or less.
- the average wear depth was 10 ⁇ m or less, and the carbonitrided bearing component was excellent in wear resistance.
- the carbonitrided bearing component had a peeling life ratio of 2.0 or more, which was excellent in the peeling life under a hydrogen generating environment.
- test number 14 the Mo content was too high. Therefore, the tool life ratio of the steel material as the material of the carbonitrided bearing component was less than 0.8, and the machinability was low.
- test number 15 the V content was too low. Therefore, in the wear resistance evaluation test, the average wear depth exceeded 10 ⁇ m, and the wear resistance of the carbonitrided bearing component was low. Further, the peeling life ratio was less than 2.0, and the peeling life of the carbonitrided bearing component in the hydrogen generating environment was low.
- the V content was too high. Therefore, the coarse V-based precipitate area ratio RA at the core of the carbonitrided bearing component exceeded 15.0%. As a result, the index was less than 950 after the simulated carbonitriding treatment, and the toughness of the core of the carbonitrided bearing component was low. Further, the carbonitrided bearing component had a peeling life ratio of less than 2.0, and the peeling life in a hydrogen generating environment was low.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
前記浸炭窒化軸受部品の表層に形成されている浸炭窒化層と、
前記浸炭窒化層よりも内部の芯部とを備え、
前記芯部の化学組成が、
質量%で、
C:0.15~0.45%、
Si:0.50%以下、
Mn:0.20~0.60%、
P:0.015%以下、
S:0.005%以下、
Cr:0.80~1.50%、
Mo:0.17~0.30%、
V:0.24~0.40%、
Al:0.005~0.100%、
N:0.0300%以下、
O:0.0015%以下、
Cu:0~0.20%、
Ni:0~0.20%、
B:0~0.0050%、
Nb:0~0.100%、
Ti:0~0.100%、
Ca:0~0.0010%、及び、
残部がFe及び不純物からなり、
式(1)~式(4)を満たし、
前記浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面におけるC濃度は質量%で0.70~1.20%であり、
前記浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面におけるN濃度は質量%で0.15~0.60%であり、
前記浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面におけるロックウェル硬さHRCは58.0~65.0であり、
前記芯部において、Vを含有する析出物をV系析出物と定義し、円相当径が150nm超の前記V系析出物を粗大V系析出物と定義したとき、V系析出物の総面積に対する粗大V系析出物の面積比率は15.0%以下である。
1.50<0.4Cr+0.4Mo+4.5V<2.45 (1)
2.20<2.7C+0.4Si+Mn+0.45Ni+0.8Cr+Mo+V<2.80 (2)
Mo/V≧0.58 (3)
(Mo+V+Cr)/(Mn+20P)≧2.40 (4)
ここで、式(1)~式(4)中の各元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。
1.50<0.4Cr+0.4Mo+4.5V<2.45 (1)
2.20<2.7C+0.4Si+Mn+0.45Ni+0.8Cr+Mo+V<2.80 (2)
Mo/V≧0.58 (3)
(Mo+V+Cr)/(Mn+20P)≧2.40 (4)
ここで、式(1)~式(4)中の各元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。
水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命を高めるためには、浸炭窒化軸受部品内において、円相当径が150nm以下のV炭化物、円相当径が150nm以下のV炭窒化物、円相当径が150nm以下のV複合炭化物、及び、円相当径が150nm以下のV複合炭窒化物からなる群から選択される1種以上を多数生成させることが有効である。ここで、V複合炭化物とは、V及びMoを含む炭化物を意味する。V複合炭窒化物とは、V及びMoを含有する炭窒化物を意味する。以降の説明では、V炭化物及びV炭窒化物を「V炭化物等」とも称し、V複合炭化物及びV複合炭窒化物を「V複合炭化物等」と称する。さらに、Vを含有する析出物を、「V系析出物」と称する。V系析出物は、V炭化物等及びV複合炭化物等を含む。また、円相当径が150nm以下のV系析出物を、「小型V系析出物」と称する。ここで、円相当径とは、V炭化物等、又は、V複合炭化物等の面積と同じ面積の円の直径を意味する。
浸炭窒化軸受部品の水素発生環境下での剥離寿命を高めるためにはさらに、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の強度を高めることが有効である。浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の強度を高めるためには、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材の焼入れ性を高めることが有効である。しかしながら、鋼材の焼入れ性を過剰に高めれば、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材の被削性が低下してしまう。本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品の特性を確保するためには、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材の被削性が確保できる方が好ましい。
Moは小型V系析出物の析出を促進する元素である。具体的には、上述のとおり、F1が式(1)を満たすことにより、小型V系析出物の生成に必要なV含有量、Cr含有量及びMo含有量の総含有量が得られる。しかしながら、本発明者らの検討の結果、浸炭窒化軸受部品中に小型V系析出物を十分に生成するためにはさらに、Mo含有量に対するV含有量の割合を調整しなければならないことが判明した。具体的には、Mo含有量のV含有量に対する割合が低すぎれば、小型V系析出物が生成する前に、析出核生成サイトとなるMo炭化物が十分に析出しない。この場合、V含有量、Cr含有量及びMo含有量が本実施形態の各元素含有量の範囲内であり、かつ、式(1)を満たしていても、小型V系析出物が十分に生成しない。
上述の小型V系析出物は、水素をトラップするだけでなく、析出強化により結晶粒内を強化する。一方で、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の粒界も強化でき、さらに、水素の侵入を抑えることができれば、(a)結晶粒内強化、(b)結晶粒界強化、(c)水素侵入抑制、の3つの相乗効果により、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命がさらに高まる。(a)の結晶粒内強化については、上述のとおり、Mo含有量、V含有量、Cr含有量の総含有量に依存する。一方、(b)の結晶粒界強化については、上述の化学組成のうち、特に結晶粒界に偏析しやすいPの含有量を低減することが有効である。さらに、(c)の水素侵入抑制については、鋼材中のMn含有量を低減することが極めて有効であることが本発明者らの調査により判明した。
浸炭窒化軸受部品であって、
前記浸炭窒化軸受部品の表層に形成されている浸炭窒化層と、
前記浸炭窒化層よりも内部の芯部とを備え、
前記芯部の化学組成が、
質量%で、
C:0.15~0.45%、
Si:0.50%以下、
Mn:0.20~0.60%、
P:0.015%以下、
S:0.005%以下、
Cr:0.80~1.50%、
Mo:0.17~0.30%、
V:0.24~0.40%、
Al:0.005~0.100%、
N:0.0300%以下、
O:0.0015%以下、
Cu:0~0.20%、
Ni:0~0.20%、
B:0~0.0050%、
Nb:0~0.100%、
Ti:0~0.100%、
Ca:0~0.0010%、及び、
残部がFe及び不純物からなり、
式(1)~式(4)を満たし、
前記浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面におけるC濃度は質量%で0.70~1.20%であり、
前記浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面におけるN濃度は質量%で0.15~0.60%であり、
前記浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面におけるロックウェル硬さHRCは58.0~65.0であり、
前記芯部において、Vを含有する析出物をV系析出物と定義し、円相当径が150nm超の前記V系析出物を粗大V系析出物と定義したとき、V系析出物の総面積に対する粗大V系析出物の面積比率は15.0%以下である、
浸炭窒化軸受部品。
1.50<0.4Cr+0.4Mo+4.5V<2.45 (1)
2.20<2.7C+0.4Si+Mn+0.45Ni+0.8Cr+Mo+V<2.80 (2)
Mo/V≧0.58 (3)
(Mo+V+Cr)/(Mn+20P)≧2.40 (4)
ここで、式(1)~式(4)中の各元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。
[1]に記載の浸炭窒化軸受部品であって、
前記芯部の化学組成は、
Cu:0.01~0.20%、
Ni:0.01~0.20%、
B:0.0001~0.0050%、
Nb:0.005~0.100%、及び、
Ti:0.005~0.100%、からなる群から選択される1元素又は2元素以上を含有する、
浸炭窒化軸受部品。
[1]又は[2]に記載の浸炭窒化軸受部品であって、
前記芯部の化学組成は、
Ca:0.0001~0.0010%を含有する、
浸炭窒化軸受部品。
本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品は、浸炭窒化処理された軸受部品を意味する。本明細書において、浸炭窒化処理とは、浸炭窒化焼入れ及び焼戻しを実施する処理を意味する。
浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の化学組成は、次の元素を含有する。なお、以下に説明する化学組成は、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材の化学組成に相当する。
炭素(C)は、鋼の焼入れ性を高める。そのため、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の強度及び芯部の靭性を高める。Cはさらに、浸炭窒化処理により微細な炭化物及び炭窒化物を形成して、浸炭窒化軸受部品の耐摩耗性を高める。Cはさらに、主として浸炭窒化処理時において、小型V炭化物等及び小型V複合炭化物等を形成する。小型V炭化物等及び小型V複合炭化物等は、水素発生環境下での浸炭鋼部品の使用中に、鋼材中の水素をトラップする。そのため、小型V炭化物等及び小型V複合炭化物等は、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命を高める。C含有量が0.15%未満であれば、化学組成中の他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、C含有量が0.45%を超えれば、化学組成中の他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材の製造工程において、V炭化物等及びV複合炭化物等が固溶しきらずに残存する。残存したV炭化物等及びV複合炭化物等は、浸炭窒化軸受部品の製造工程においても十分に固溶しない。そして、鋼材中に残存したV炭化物等及びV複合炭化物等は、浸炭窒化軸受部品の製造工程中で成長して、浸炭窒化軸受部品中において、粗大V炭化物等及びV複合炭化物等として残存する。この場合、水素発生環境下で浸炭窒化軸受部品を使用中に、浸炭窒化軸受部品内の粗大V炭化物等及び粗大V複合炭化物等は水素をトラップする能力が低いため、組織変化を引き起こす。浸炭窒化軸受部品内の粗大V炭化物等及び粗大V複合炭化物等はさらに、割れの起点ともなる。そのため、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命が低下する。したがって、C含有量は0.15~0.45%である。C含有量の好ましい下限は0.16%であり、さらに好ましくは0.17%であり、さらに好ましくは0.18%である。C含有量の好ましい上限は0.40%であり、さらに好ましくは0.35%であり、さらに好ましくは0.32%である。
シリコン(Si)は、不可避的に含有される。つまり、Si含有量は0%超である。Siは、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材の焼入れ性を高め、さらに、鋼材のフェライトに固溶してフェライトを強化する。これにより、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の強度が高まる。しかしながら、Si含有量が0.50%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材の硬さが高くなりすぎ、鋼材の被削性が低下する。したがって、Si含有量は0.50%以下である。Si含有量の好ましい下限は0.01%であり、さらに好ましくは0.02%であり、さらに好ましくは0.05%である。Si含有量の好ましい上限は0.40%であり、さらに好ましくは0.35%であり、さらに好ましくは0.32%であり、さらに好ましくは0.30%である。
マンガン(Mn)は、鋼材の焼入れ性を高める。これにより、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の強度が高まり、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命が高まる。Mn含有量が0.20%未満であれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Mn含有量が0.60%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材の硬さが高くなりすぎ、鋼材の被削性が低下する。Mn含有量が0.60%を超えればさらに、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の使用中に、浸炭窒化軸受部品に水素が侵入しやすくなり、浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命が低下する。したがって、Mn含有量が0.20~0.60%である。Mn含有量の好ましい下限は0.22%であり、さらに好ましくは0.24%であり、さらに好ましくは0.26%である。Mn含有量の好ましい上限は0.55%であり、さらに好ましくは0.50%であり、さらに好ましくは0.45%である。
リン(P)は、不可避に含有される不純物である。つまり、P含有量は0%超である。Pは粒界に偏析して粒界強度を低下する。P含有量が0.015%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、Pが粒界に過剰に偏析して粒界強度を低下する。その結果、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命を低下する。したがって、P含有量は0.015%以下である。好ましいP含有量の上限は0.013%であり、さらに好ましくは0.010%である。P含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。しかしながら、P含有量の過剰な低減は製造コストを引き上げる。したがって、通常の工業生産を考慮した場合、P含有量の好ましい下限は0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%である。
硫黄(S)は不可避に含有される不純物である。つまり、S含有量は0%超である。Sは、硫化物系介在物を生成する。粗大な硫化物系介在物は、水素発生環境下で浸炭窒化軸受部品の使用中に、割れの起点となりやすい。S含有量が0.005%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、硫化物系介在物が粗大となり、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命が低下する。したがって、S含有量は0.005%以下である。S含有量の好ましい上限は0.004%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%である。S含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。しかしながら、S含有量の過剰な低減は製造コストを引き上げる。したがって、通常の工業生産を考慮した場合、S含有量の好ましい下限は0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.002%である。
クロム(Cr)は、鋼材の焼入性を高める。これにより、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の強度が高まる。Crはさらに、V及びMoと複合して含有されることにより、浸炭窒化処理時において小型V系析出物(V炭化物等及びV複合炭化物等)の生成を促進する。これにより、浸炭窒化軸受部品の耐摩耗性だけでなく、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命が高まる。Cr含有量が0.80%未満であれば、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Cr含有量が1.50%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、浸炭窒化処理時の浸炭性が低下する。この場合、浸炭窒化軸受部品の耐摩耗性が十分に得られなくなる。したがって、Cr含有量は0.80~1.50%である。Cr含有量の好ましい下限は0.85%であり、さらに好ましくは0.88%であり、さらに好ましくは0.90%である。Cr含有量の好ましい上限は1.45%であり、さらに好ましくは1.40%であり、さらに好ましくは1.35%である。
モリブデン(Mo)は、Crと同様に、鋼材の焼入性を高める。これにより、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の強度が高まる。Moはさらに、V及びCrと複合して含有されることにより、浸炭窒化処理時において小型V系析出物の生成を促進する。これにより、浸炭窒化軸受部品の耐摩耗性だけでなく、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命が高まる。Mo含有量が0.17%未満であれば、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Mo含有量が0.30%を超えれば、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材である鋼材の強度が高くなりすぎる。この場合、鋼材の被削性が低下する。したがって、Mo含有量は0.17~0.30%である。Mo含有量の好ましい下限は0.18%であり、さらに好ましくは0.19%であり、さらに好ましくは0.20%である。Mo含有量の好ましい上限は0.29%であり、さらに好ましくは0.28%であり、さらに好ましくは0.27%である。
バナジウム(V)は、浸炭窒化軸受部品の製造工程において、円相当径が150nm以下の小型V系析出物を生成する。小型V系析出物は、水素環境での浸炭窒化軸受部品の使用中に、浸炭窒化軸受部品に侵入した水素をトラップする。浸炭窒化軸受部品中の小型V系析出物の円相当径は150nm以下と小さい。そのため、小型V系析出物が水素をトラップしても、組織変化の起点とはなりにくい。そのため、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命が高まる。Vはさらに、浸炭窒化軸受部品の製造工程において、小型V系析出物を形成して、浸炭窒化軸受部品の耐摩耗性を高める。V含有量が0.24%未満であれば、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、V含有量が0.40%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の製造工程において、V系析出物(V炭化物等及びV複合炭化物等)が固溶しきらずに残存する。残存したV系析出物は、浸炭窒化軸受部品の製造工程においても十分に固溶しきらず、浸炭窒化軸受部品の製造工程中において成長して、円相当径が150nm超の粗大V系析出物となる場合がある。粗大V系析出物は、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の靱性を低下する。さらに、浸炭窒化軸受部品内の粗大V系析出物は水素をトラップする能力が低い。そのため、粗大V炭化物等及び粗大V複合炭化物等は、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の使用中に、組織変化を引き起こしやすい。粗大V系析出物はさらに、割れの起点にもなる。そのため、粗大V系析出物は、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命を低下する。したがって、V含有量は0.24~0.40%である。V含有量の好ましい下限は0.25%であり、さらに好ましくは0.26%であり、さらに好ましくは0.27%である。V含有量の好ましい上限は0.39%であり、さらに好ましくは0.38%であり、さらに好ましくは0.36%である。
アルミニウム(Al)は、鋼を脱酸する。Al含有量が0.005%未満であれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Al含有量が0.100%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、粗大な酸化物系介在物が生成する。粗大な酸化物系介在物は、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の疲労破壊の起点となる。そのため、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命を低下する。したがって、Al含有量は0.005~0.100%である。Al含有量の好ましい下限は0.008%であり、さらに好ましくは0.010%である。Al含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、さらに好ましくは0.070%であり、さらに好ましくは0.060%である。本明細書にいうAl含有量は、全Al(Total Al)の含有量を意味する。
窒素(N)は不可避に含有される不純物である。つまり、N含有量は0%超である。Nは鋼材中に固溶して、鋼材の熱間加工性を低下する。N含有量が0.0300%を超えれば、鋼材の熱間加工性が顕著に低下する。したがって、N含有量は0.0300%以下である。N含有量の好ましい上限は0.0250%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0200%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0150%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0130%である。N含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。しかしながら、N含有量の過剰な低減は、製造コストを引き上げる。したがって、通常の工業生産を考慮した場合、N含有量の好ましい下限は0.0001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0002%である。
酸素(O)は不可避に含有される不純物である。つまり、O含有量は0%超である。Oは鋼中の他の元素と結合して粗大な酸化物系介在物を生成する。粗大な酸化物系介在物は、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の疲労破壊の起点となる。そのため、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命が低下する。O含有量が0.0015%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命が顕著に低下する。したがって、O含有量は0.0015%以下である。O含有量の好ましい上限は0.0013%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0012%である。O含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。しかしながら、O含有量の過剰な低減は、製造コストを引き上げる。したがって、通常の工業生産を考慮した場合、O含有量の好ましい下限は0.0001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0002%である。
本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の化学組成はさらに、Feの一部に代えて、Cu、Ni、B、Nb、Tiからなる群から選択される1種又は2種以上を含有してもよい。これらの元素は任意元素であり、いずれも、浸炭窒化軸受部品の強度を高める。
銅(Cu)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。つまり、Cu含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Cuは鋼材の焼入れ性を高める。これにより、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の強度が高まる。Cuが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Cu含有量が0.20%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が過剰に高まり、鋼材の被削性が低下する。したがって、Cu含有量は0~0.20%である。Cu含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.01%であり、さらに好ましくは0.02%であり、さらに好ましくは0.03%であり、さらに好ましくは0.05%である。Cu含有量の好ましい上限は0.18%であり、さらに好ましくは0.16%であり、さらに好ましくは0.15%である。
ニッケル(Ni)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。つまり、Ni含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Niは鋼材の焼入れ性を高める。これにより、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の強度が高まる。Niが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Ni含有量が0.20%を超えれば、他の元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であっても、鋼材の強度が過剰に高まり、鋼材の被削性が低下する。したがって、Ni含有量は0~0.20%である。Ni含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.01%であり、さらに好ましくは0.02%であり、さらに好ましくは0.03%であり、さらに好ましくは0.05%である。Ni含有量の好ましい上限は0.18%であり、さらに好ましくは0.16%であり、さらに好ましくは0.15%である。
ボロン(B)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。つまり、B含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Bは鋼材の焼入れ性を高める。これにより、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の強度が高まる。Bはさらに、結晶粒界にPが偏析するのを抑制する。Bが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、B含有量が0.0050%を超えれば、B窒化物(BN)が生成して浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の靱性が低下する。したがって、B含有量は0~0.0050%である。B含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.0001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0003%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0010%である。B含有量の好ましい上限は0.0030%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0025%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0020%である。
ニオブ(Nb)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。つまり、Nb含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Nbは鋼中のC及びNと結合して炭化物、窒化物、及び、炭窒化物を生成する。これらの析出物は析出強化により浸炭窒化軸受部品の強度を高める。Nbが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Nb含有量が0.100%を超えれば、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の靱性が低下する。したがって、Nb含有量は0~0.100%である。Nb含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.010%である。Nb含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、さらに好ましくは0.070%であり、さらに好ましくは0.050%であり、さらに好ましくは0.040%である。
チタン(Ti)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。つまり、Ti含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、TiはNbと同様に、炭化物、窒化物、及び、炭窒化物を生成して、浸炭窒化軸受部品の強度を高める。Tiが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Ti含有量が0.100%を超えれば、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の靱性が低下する。したがって、Ti含有量は0~0.100%である。Ti含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.010%である。Ti含有量の好ましい上限は0.080%であり、さらに好ましくは0.070%であり、さらに好ましくは0.050%であり、さらに好ましくは0.040%である。
カルシウム(Ca)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。つまり、Ca含有量は0%であってもよい。含有される場合、Caは、鋼材中の介在物に固溶して、硫化物を微細化かつ球状化する。この場合、鋼材の熱間加工性が高まる。Caが少しでも含有されれば、上記効果がある程度得られる。しかしながら、Ca含有量が0.0010%を超えれば、鋼材中に粗大な酸化物系介在物が生成する。水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の使用中に、粗大な酸化物系介在物が水素をトラップすると、組織変化が発生しやすくなる。組織変化の発生は、浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命を低下する。したがって、Ca含有量は0~0.0010%である。Ca含有量の好ましい下限は0%超であり、さらに好ましくは0.0001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0003%である。Ca含有量の好ましい上限は、0.0009%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0008%である。
本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の化学組成はさらに、次の式(1)~式(4)を満たす。
1.50<0.4Cr+0.4Mo+4.5V<2.45 (1)
2.20<2.7C+0.4Si+Mn+0.45Ni+0.8Cr+Mo+V<2.80 (2)
Mo/V≧0.58 (3)
(Mo+V+Cr)/(Mn+20P)≧2.40 (4)
ここで、式(1)~式(4)中の各元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。
本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の化学組成は、式(1)を満たす。
1.50<0.4Cr+0.4Mo+4.5V<2.45 (1)
ここで、式(1)中の元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。
本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の化学組成はさらに、式(2)を満たす。
2.20<2.7C+0.4Si+Mn+0.45Ni+0.8Cr+Mo+V<2.80 (2)
ここで、式(2)中の元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。
本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の化学組成はさらに、式(3)を満たす。
Mo/V≧0.58 (3)
ここで、式(3)中の元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。
本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の化学組成はさらに、式(4)を満たす。
(Mo+V+Cr)/(Mn+20P)≧2.40 (4)
ここで、式(4)中の元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。
本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品では、化学組成中の各元素含有量が上述の範囲内であり、かつ、式(1)~式(4)を満たす。本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品ではさらに、芯部において、V系析出物の総面積に対する、円相当径が150nm超の粗大V系析出物の面積比率RAが15.0%以下である。
浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部における粗大V系析出物面積比率RAは、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM:Transmission Electron Microscope)を用いて、次の方法で求めることができる。浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部から、厚さが0.5mmの円板を採取する。エメリー紙を用いて円板の両側から研削研磨を実施して、円板の厚さを50μmにする。研削研磨後の円板から直径3mmのサンプルを採取する。サンプルを10%過塩素酸-氷酢酸溶液中に浸漬して電解研磨を実施する。以上の工程により厚さ200nm以下の薄膜試料を作製する。
粗大V系析出物面積比率RA=粗大V系析出物の総面積/V系析出物の総面積×100
浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部のミクロ組織は、実質的にマルテンサイト組織である。ここでいうマルテンサイト組織とは、マルテンサイトの面積率が90.0%以上の組織を意味する。ここでいうマルテンサイトは、焼戻しマルテンサイト、ベイナイト、及び、焼戻しベイナイトも含む。浸炭窒化軸受部品の表層に浸炭窒化層が形成されているため、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部のミクロ組織が上述のマルテンサイト組織となるのは当業者に自明である。芯部のミクロ組織において、マルテンサイト以外の相はたとえば、フェライト、パーライトである。
本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部のミクロ組織中のマルテンサイトの面積率(%)は、次の方法で測定される。浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部からサンプルを採取する。採取されたサンプルの表面を鏡面研磨した後、2%硝酸アルコール(ナイタール腐食液)を用いて観察面をエッチングする。エッチングされた観察面を、500倍の光学顕微鏡を用いて観察し、任意の20視野の写真画像を生成する。各視野のサイズは、100μm×100μmとする。
マルテンサイト面積率=100.0-フェライト及びパーライトの総面積率
浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面でのC濃度、N濃度及びロックウェルC硬さHRCは次のとおりである。
浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面のC濃度は0.70~1.20%である。表面のC濃度が低すぎれば、表面硬さが低くなりすぎ、浸炭窒化軸受部品の耐摩耗性が低下する。一方、表面のC濃度が高すぎれば、粗大な炭窒化物等が生成して、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命が低下する。表面のC濃度が0.70~1.20%であれば、耐摩耗性及び水素発生環境下での剥離寿命に優れる。表面のC濃度の好ましい下限は0.72%であり、さらに好ましくは0.75%であり、さらに好ましくは0.78%であり、さらに好ましくは0.80%である。表面のC濃度の好ましい上限は1.10%であり、さらに好ましくは1.05%であり、より好ましくは1.00%である。
浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面のN濃度は0.15~0.60%である。表面のN濃度が低すぎれば、微細な炭窒化物の生成が抑制されるため、浸炭窒化軸受部品の耐摩耗性が低下する。一方、表面のN濃度が高すぎれば、残留オーステナイトが過剰に多く生成される。この場合、浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面の硬さが低下してしまい、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命が低下する。表面のN濃度が0.15~0.60%であれば、浸炭窒化軸受部品は、耐摩耗性及び水素発生環境下での剥離寿命に優れる。表面のN濃度の好ましい下限は0.18%であり、さらに好ましくは0.20%であり、さらに好ましくは0.23%であり、さらに好ましくは0.25%である。表面のN濃度の好ましい上限は0.58%であり、さらに好ましくは0.56%であり、さらに好ましくは0.54%であり、さらに好ましくは0.50%である。
浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面のロックウェルC硬さHRCは58~65である。表面のロックウェルC硬さHRCが58未満であれば、浸炭窒化軸受部品の耐摩耗性が低下する。一方、表面のロックウェルC硬さが65を超えれば、微細なき裂の発生及び進展が容易になり、水素発生環境下での浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命が低下する。表面のロックウェルC硬さは58~65であれば、優れた耐摩耗性及び水素発生環境下での優れた剥離寿命が得られる。表面のロックウェルC硬さの好ましい下限は59である。表面のロックウェルC硬さの好ましい上限は64である。
本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品の製造方法の一例を説明する。以降に説明する浸炭窒化軸受部品の製造方法は、本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品を製造するための一例である。したがって、上述の構成を有する浸炭窒化軸受部品は、以降に説明する製造方法以外の他の製造方法により製造されてもよい。しかしながら、以降に説明する製造方法は、本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品の製造方法の好ましい一例である。
本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材は、化学組成が、質量%で、C:0.15~0.45%、Si:0.50%以下、Mn:0.20~0.60%、P:0.015%以下、S:0.005%以下、Cr:0.80~1.50%、Mo:0.17~0.30%、V:0.24~0.40%、Al:0.005~0.100%、N:0.0300%以下、O:0.0015%以下、Cu:0~0.20%、Ni:0~0.20%、B:0~0.0050%、Nb:0~0.100%、Ti:0~0.100%、Ca:0~0.0010%、及び、残部がFe及び不純物からなり、式(1)~式(4)を満たし、ミクロ組織におけるフェライト及びパーライトの総面積率が10.0%以上であり、残部がベイナイトからなり、化学組成中のV含有量(質量%)に対する、電解抽出残渣中のV含有量(質量%)の割合が10.0%以下である。上述の鋼材の化学組成は、本実施形態の浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の化学組成に相当する。
RAV=[V]R/[V]C×100 (A)
RAV=[V]R/[V]C×100 (A)
製鋼工程では、各元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であり、かつ、F1~F4が式(1)~式(4)を満たす上記化学組成を有する溶鋼を製造する。精錬方法は特に限定されず、周知の方法を用いればよい。たとえば、周知の方法で製造された溶銑に対して転炉での精錬(一次精錬)を実施する。転炉から出鋼した溶鋼に対して、周知の二次精錬を実施する。二次精錬において、成分調整の合金元素の添加を実施して、各元素含有量が本実施形態の範囲内であり、かつ、F1~F4が式(1)~式(4)を満たす化学組成を有する溶鋼を製造する。
熱間加工工程では、素材準備工程にて準備された素材(ブルーム又はインゴット)に対して、熱間加工を実施して、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材を製造する。鋼材は、棒鋼又は線材である。
加熱温度:1150~1300℃
上記加熱温度での保持時間:1.5~10.0時間
ここで、加熱温度は、加熱炉の炉温(℃)である。また、保持時間は、加熱炉の炉温が1150~1300℃での保持時間(時間)である。
加熱温度:1150~1300℃
上記加熱温度での保持時間:1.5~5.0時間
ここで、加熱温度は、加熱炉の炉温(℃)である。また、保持時間は、加熱炉の炉温が1150~1300℃での保持時間(時間)である。
上述の構成を有する浸炭窒化軸受部品の製造方法の一例は次のとおりである。初めに、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる本実施形態の鋼材を所定の形状に加工して中間品を製造する。加工方法はたとえば、熱間鍛造や機械加工である。機械加工はたとえば、切削加工である。熱間鍛造は、周知の条件で実施すれば足りる。熱間鍛造工程での鋼材の加熱温度はたとえば、1000~1300℃である。熱間鍛造後の中間品を放冷する。なお、熱間鍛造後に機械加工工程を実施してもよい。機械加工工程を実施する前の鋼材又は中間品に対して、周知の球状化焼鈍処理を実施してもよい。機械加工では鋼材(中間品)の被削性が高い方が好ましい。上述の浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材は被削性に優れる。したがって、本実施形態の鋼材は、機械加工工程に適する。
雰囲気ガス中のカーボンポテンシャルCPが0.70以上であれば、浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面のC濃度が十分に高まり、たとえば、表面C濃度が質量%で0.70%以上になる。この場合、浸炭窒化処理により十分な量の炭窒化物が生成して、耐摩耗性が顕著に高まる。また、カーボンポテンシャルCPが1.40以下であれば、表面C濃度が1.20%以下となり、粗大な炭窒化物の生成が十分に抑えられる。したがって、好ましいカーボンポテンシャルCPは0.70~1.40である。
雰囲気中の浸炭変成ガス流量に対するアンモニア濃度とは、浸炭変成ガス流量を100%とした場合のアンモニア濃度(質量%)を意味する。浸炭変成ガス流量に対するアンモニア濃度が1.00%以上であれば、浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面N濃度が十分に高まり、表面N濃度が0.15%以上となる。この場合、浸炭窒化処理により十分な量の炭窒化物が生成して、耐摩耗性が顕著に高まる。また、浸炭変成ガス流量に対するアンモニア濃度が6%以下であれば、浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面N濃度が0.60%以下となる。この場合、粗大な炭窒化物の生成が十分に抑えられる。したがって、雰囲気中の浸炭変成ガス流量に対するアンモニア濃度は1.00~6.00%である。
浸炭窒化温度での保持時間:30~100分
浸炭窒化温度が低すぎれば、C及びNの拡散速度が遅くなる。この場合、所定の熱処理性状を得るために必要な処理時間が長くなり、製造コストが高くなる。一方、浸炭窒化温度が高すぎれば、雰囲気中のアンモニアが分解し、鋼材に侵入するN量が減少する。さらに、侵入したC及びNの鋼材マトリクス中への固溶量が増加する。そのため、十分な量の炭窒化物が生成せず、浸炭窒化軸受部品の耐摩耗性が低下する。したがって、浸炭窒化温度は830~930℃である。
焼入れ温度は低すぎれば、鋼中に十分なCを固溶させることができず、鋼の硬さが低下する。一方、焼入れ温度が高すぎれば、結晶粒が粗大化し、結晶粒界に沿った粗大な炭窒化物が析出しやすくなる。したがって、焼入れ温度は830~930℃である。なお、浸炭窒化温度が、浸炭焼入れ温度を兼用していてもよい。
焼戻し温度での保持時間:30~240分
焼戻し温度が低すぎれば、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部の靱性が十分に得られない。一方、焼戻し温度が高すぎれば、浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面硬さが低下し、浸炭窒化軸受部品の耐摩耗性が低下する。したがって、焼戻し温度は150~200℃である。
製造された鋼材(棒鋼)に対して、ミクロ組織観察試験、残渣中V量割合RAV測定試験、被削性評価試験、靭性評価試験、耐摩耗性評価試験、及び、水素発生環境下での剥離寿命評価試験を実施した。
各試験番号の鋼材(棒鋼)の長手方向(軸方向)に垂直な断面(横断面)のうち、R/2位置からサンプルを採取した。採取したサンプルの表面のうち、上記横断面に相当する表面を観察面とした。観察面を鏡面研磨した後、2%硝酸アルコール(ナイタール腐食液)を用いて観察面をエッチングした。エッチングされた観察面を、500倍の光学顕微鏡を用いて観察し、任意の20視野の写真画像を生成した。各視野のサイズは、100μm×100μmとした。
各試験番号の鋼材(棒鋼)の長手方向(軸方向)に垂直な断面(横断面)のうち、R/2位置から、直径6mmで長さ50mmの円柱試験片を3個を採取した。採取した円柱試験片の表面を、予備の電解研磨にて50μm程度研磨して新生面を得た。電解研磨した試験片を、電解液(10%アセチルアセトン+1%テトラアンモニウム+メタノール)で電解した。電解後の電解液を0.2μmのフィルターを通して残渣を捕捉した。得られた残渣を酸分解し、ICP(誘導結合プラズマ)発光分析にて鋼材(母材)を100質量%とした場合のV含有量を質量%単位で定量した。各円柱試験片の電解抽出残渣中のV含有量の算術平均値(つまり、3つのV含有量の算術平均値)を、鋼材の電解抽出残渣中のV含有量を[V]Rと定義した。電解抽出残渣中のV含有量[V]Rは、上述の算術平均値の小数第2位を四捨五入して得られた値とした。鋼材の化学組成中のV含有量[V]Cと、上記測定により得られた電解抽出残渣中のV含有量[V]Rとを用いて、式(A)により残渣中V量割合RAV(%)を求めた。残渣中V量割合RAVは小数第2位を四捨五入して得られた値とした。
RAV=[V]R/[V]C×100 (A)
得られた残渣中V量割合RAV(%)を表2中の「RAV」欄に示す。
各試験番号の鋼材(直径60mmの棒鋼)に対して、外周旋削加工を実施して、工具寿命を評価した。具体的には、各試験番号の棒鋼に対して、次の条件で外周旋削加工を実施した。使用した切削工具は、JIS B 4053(2013)に規定のP10に相当する超硬合金とした。切削速度を150m/分とし、送り速度を0.15mm/revとし、切込み量を1.0mmとした。なお、旋削時には潤滑剤を使用しなかった。
工具寿命比=各試験番号の工具寿命(Hr)/比較基準鋼材の工具寿命(Hr)
靭性評価試験を次の方法で実施した。各試験番号の棒鋼に対して、機械加工(外周旋削加工)を実施して、直径40mmの中間品(棒鋼)とした。機械加工後の中間品に対して浸炭窒化処理を模擬して、図3に示すヒートパターンの焼入れ及び焼戻し(模擬浸炭窒化処理)を実施した。図3を参照して、模擬浸炭窒化処理での焼入れ処理では、焼入れ温度は900℃とし、保持時間を60分とした。保持時間経過後の中間品(棒鋼)を油冷した(図中「OQ」と記載)。焼戻し処理では、焼戻し温度を180℃とし、保持時間を120分とした。保持時間経過後の中間品(棒鋼)を空冷した(図中「AC」と記載)。以上の模擬浸炭窒化処理を実施した棒鋼は、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部に相当した。以下、製造された棒鋼を、模擬浸炭窒化軸受部品と称する。
Index=σy×(vE20)0.1
耐摩耗性評価試験を次の方法で実施した。直径60mmの棒鋼から機械加工により図3に示す中間品を作製した。図4は、中間品の側面図である。図4中の数値は、中間品の各部位の寸法(mm)を示す。図4中の「φ」の横の数値は、直径(mm)を示す。
すべり率=(V2-V1)/V2×100
試験後の試験片の摺動部分の粗さを測定した。具体的には、小ローラ試験片の周面において、円周方向に90°ピッチで4箇所の位置で、粗さプロファイルを測定した。上記4箇所での粗さプロファイルの最大深さを摩耗深さと定義し、これら4箇所の摩耗深さの平均を、平均摩耗深さ(μm)と定義した。平均摩耗深さを表2中の「平均摩耗深さ」欄に示す。平均摩耗深さが10μm以下であれば、耐摩耗性に優れると判断した(表2中の耐摩耗性評価において「E」で表記)。一方、平均摩耗深さが10μmを超えた場合、耐摩耗性が低いと判断した(表2中の耐摩耗性評価において「B」で表記)。
試験後の小ローラ試験片の試験部の表面のうち、摺動部分以外の領域(以下、未摺動部分という)において、円周方向に対して90°ピッチで4箇所の測定位置を特定した。特定された4箇所の測定位置において、JIS Z 2245(2011)に準拠して、Cスケールを用いたロックウェル硬さ試験を実施した。各測定箇所のロックウェルC硬さHRCの算術平均値を、表面でのロックウェルC硬さHRCと定義した。得られたロックウェルC硬さを表2中の「HRC」欄に示す。
小ローラ試験片の試験部の未摺動部分を軸方向に対して垂直に切断した。未摺動部の表面(周面)を含む切断面を含む試験片を採取した。切断面に対して埋め込み研磨仕上げを行った。その後、電子線マイクロアナライザ(EPMA)を用いて、未摺動部分の表面から10μm深さまで、0.1μmピッチでC濃度及びN濃度を測定した。測定された値の算術平均値を、表面C濃度(質量%)及び表面N濃度(質量%)と定義した。得られたC表面C濃度(%)及び表面N濃度(%)を表2に示す。
耐摩耗性評価試験を実施していない小ローラ試験片(浸炭窒化軸受部品)を用いて、次の方法で芯部での粗大V系析出物面積比率を測定した。小ローラ試験片を、小ローラ試験片の長手方向の中央位置で切断した。切断面の中心軸位置から厚さが0.5mmの円板を採取した。エメリー紙を用いて円板の両側から研削研磨を実施して、円板の厚さを50μmにした。研削研磨後の円板から直径3mmのサンプルを採取した。サンプルを10%過塩素酸-氷酢酸溶液中に浸漬して電解研磨を実施した。以上の工程により厚さ200nm以下の薄膜試料を作製した。
粗大V系析出物面積比率RA=粗大V系析出物の総面積/V系析出物の総面積×100
得られた粗大V系析出物面積比率RAを表2中の「粗大V系析出物面積比率RA」欄に示す。
耐摩耗性評価試験を実施していない小ローラ試験片を用いて、次の方法で芯部のミクロ組織でのマルテンサイト面積率を測定した。小ローラ試験片を、小ローラ試験片の長手方向の中央位置で切断した。切断面の中心軸位置からミクロ組織観察用のサンプルを採取した。採取されたサンブルの表面を鏡面研磨した後、2%硝酸アルコール(ナイタール腐食液)を用いて観察面をエッチングした。エッチングされた観察面を、500倍の光学顕微鏡を用いて観察し、任意の20視野の写真画像を生成した。各視野のサイズは、100μm×100μmとした。各視野において、コントラストに基づいて、各相(マルテンサイト、フェライト、パーライト)を特定した。特定された相のうち、各視野でのフェライトの総面積(μm2)、及び、パーライトの総面積(μm2)を求めた。全ての視野の総面積に対する、全ての視野におけるフェライトの総面積とパーライトの総面積との合計面積の割合を、フェライト及びパーライトの総面積率(%)と定義した。フェライト及びパーライトの総面積率を用いて、マルテンサイト面積率(%)を次の方法で求めた。
マルテンサイト面積率=100.0-フェライト及びパーライトの総面積率
各試験番号の鋼材(直径60mmの棒鋼)から、機械加工により、直径60mm、厚さ5.5mmの円板状の中間品を作成した。中間品の厚さ(5.5mm)は、棒鋼の長手方向に相当した。中間品に対して、浸炭窒化処理(浸炭窒化焼入れ及び焼戻し)を実施して、浸炭窒化軸受部品を製造した。このとき、各浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面C濃度が0.80%、表面N濃度が0.30%、及び、表面ロックウェルC硬さHRCが60となるように、浸炭窒化焼入れ及び焼戻しを実施した。具体的には、浸炭窒化焼入れ処理は、表3に示すカーボンポテンシャルCP、雰囲気中の浸炭変成ガスに対するアンモニア濃度、加熱温度(本実施例では加熱温度=浸炭窒化処理温度=焼入れ温度)及び保持時間(=浸炭窒化処理温度での保持時間+焼入れ温度での保持時間)で実施し、冷却方法は油冷とした。焼戻し処理は、表3に示す焼戻し温度及び保持時間で実施し、保持時間経過後は空冷した。得られた浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面をラッピング加工して、転動疲労試験片とした。
剥離寿命比=各試験番号の剥離寿命/鋼種Yの剥離寿命
表2に試験結果を示す。表2を参照して、試験番号1~10の化学組成において、各元素含有量は適切であり、F1~F4が式(1)~式(4)を満たした。さらに、製造条件も適切であった。そのため、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材では、ミクロ組織におけるフェライト及びパーライトの総面積率が10.0%以上であり、残部がベイナイトからなり、残渣中V量割合RAVが10.0%以下であった。その結果、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材の工具寿命比は0.8以上であり、浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材において、優れた被削性が得られた。さらに、模擬浸炭窒化処理後において、Indexはいずれも950以上であり、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部において優れた靱性が得られることが予想できた。さらに、浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面C濃度は0.70~1.20%であり、表面N濃度は0.15~0.60%であり、表面のロックウェルC硬さHRCは58~65であった。さらに、浸炭窒化軸受部品の芯部での粗大V系析出物面積比率RAは15.0%以下であった。その結果、耐摩耗性評価試験において、平均摩耗深さは10μm以下であり、浸炭窒化軸受部品は耐摩耗性に優れた。さらに、耐水素発生環境下での剥離寿命試験において、浸炭窒化軸受部品の剥離寿命比は2.0以上であり、水素発生環境下での剥離寿命に優れた。
Claims (3)
- 浸炭窒化軸受部品であって、
前記浸炭窒化軸受部品の表層に形成されている浸炭窒化層と、
前記浸炭窒化層よりも内部の芯部とを備え、
前記芯部の化学組成が、
質量%で、
C:0.15~0.45%、
Si:0.50%以下、
Mn:0.20~0.60%、
P:0.015%以下、
S:0.005%以下、
Cr:0.80~1.50%、
Mo:0.17~0.30%、
V:0.24~0.40%、
Al:0.005~0.100%、
N:0.0300%以下、
O:0.0015%以下、
Cu:0~0.20%、
Ni:0~0.20%、
B:0~0.0050%、
Nb:0~0.100%、
Ti:0~0.100%、
Ca:0~0.0010%、及び、
残部がFe及び不純物からなり、
式(1)~式(4)を満たし、
前記浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面におけるC濃度は質量%で0.70~1.20%であり、
前記浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面におけるN濃度は質量%で0.15~0.60%であり、
前記浸炭窒化軸受部品の表面におけるロックウェル硬さHRCは58.0~65.0であり、
前記芯部において、Vを含有する析出物をV系析出物と定義し、円相当径が150nm超の前記V系析出物を粗大V系析出物と定義したとき、V系析出物の総面積に対する粗大V系析出物の面積比率は15.0%以下である、
浸炭窒化軸受部品。
1.50<0.4Cr+0.4Mo+4.5V<2.45 (1)
2.20<2.7C+0.4Si+Mn+0.45Ni+0.8Cr+Mo+V<2.80 (2)
Mo/V≧0.58 (3)
(Mo+V+Cr)/(Mn+20P)≧2.40 (4)
ここで、式(1)~式(4)中の各元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。 - 請求項1に記載の浸炭窒化軸受部品であって、
前記芯部の化学組成は、
Cu:0.01~0.20%、
Ni:0.01~0.20%、
B:0.0001~0.0050%、
Nb:0.005~0.100%、及び、
Ti:0.005~0.100%、からなる群から選択される1元素又は2元素以上を含有する、
浸炭窒化軸受部品。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の浸炭窒化軸受部品であって、
前記芯部の化学組成は、
Ca:0.0001~0.0010%を含有する、
浸炭窒化軸受部品。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112019006482.7T DE112019006482T5 (de) | 2018-12-27 | 2019-12-27 | Karbonitrierte lagerkomponente |
| CN201980086486.6A CN113260728B (zh) | 2018-12-27 | 2019-12-27 | 渗碳氮化轴承部件 |
| US17/413,613 US12359268B2 (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2019-12-27 | Carbonitrided bearing component |
| JP2020562523A JP7095117B2 (ja) | 2018-12-27 | 2019-12-27 | 浸炭窒化軸受部品 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018-246098 | 2018-12-27 | ||
| JP2018246098 | 2018-12-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2020138458A1 true WO2020138458A1 (ja) | 2020-07-02 |
Family
ID=71129098
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2019/051525 Ceased WO2020138458A1 (ja) | 2018-12-27 | 2019-12-27 | 浸炭窒化軸受部品 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12359268B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7095117B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN113260728B (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112019006482T5 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2020138458A1 (ja) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021201159A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-07 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
| WO2021201157A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-07 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 浸炭軸受部品 |
| JP2021161462A (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-11 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
| WO2022224849A1 (ja) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-10-27 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | 浸炭窒化処理用鋼材および浸炭窒化鋼材 |
| JP2023089730A (ja) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-28 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 鋼材、鋼部品、および鋼部品の製造方法 |
| CN119351935A (zh) * | 2024-10-17 | 2025-01-24 | 常熟天地煤机装备有限公司 | 一种Nb-V微合金化重载齿轮用钢及其制备方法 |
| WO2026023681A1 (ja) * | 2024-07-26 | 2026-01-29 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | オーステナイト系耐熱鋼 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114962460A (zh) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-08-30 | 斯凯孚公司 | 经热处理的滚子轴承圈 |
| CN119663113B (zh) * | 2024-12-16 | 2025-06-24 | 张家港海锅新能源装备股份有限公司 | 一种超大功率风力发电机组轴承外圈用钢及其制造工艺 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008280583A (ja) * | 2007-05-10 | 2008-11-20 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 水素脆性型の面疲労強度に優れた肌焼鋼 |
| WO2016017162A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-04 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 浸炭窒化軸受用鋼 |
| WO2019039610A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-02-28 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 浸炭軸受部品用鋼材 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5245641A (en) * | 1981-12-22 | 1993-09-14 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Spent fuel storage rack |
| JPH05148535A (ja) | 1991-06-07 | 1993-06-15 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 熱処理歪が少なく曲げ疲労強度の優れた表面硬化部品の製造方法 |
| JP3413975B2 (ja) | 1994-08-08 | 2003-06-09 | 日本精工株式会社 | 耐摩耗性に優れた転がり軸受 |
| JPH1112684A (ja) | 1997-06-19 | 1999-01-19 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 冷間鍛造用肌焼鋼 |
| US6660105B1 (en) | 1997-07-22 | 2003-12-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Case hardened steel excellent in the prevention of coarsening of particles during carburizing thereof, method of manufacturing the same, and raw shaped material for carburized parts |
| US20040094238A1 (en) | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-20 | Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. | Bearing steel excellent in corrosion resistance |
| JP2005068453A (ja) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 耐高面圧部品及びその製造方法 |
| JP2014074212A (ja) * | 2012-10-05 | 2014-04-24 | Jtekt Corp | 転がり摺動部材及びその製造方法並びに転がり軸受 |
| CN103255342B (zh) * | 2013-05-28 | 2015-09-23 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种600MPa级高强度热连轧结构钢及其制造方法 |
| WO2020138450A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-02 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材 |
-
2019
- 2019-12-27 CN CN201980086486.6A patent/CN113260728B/zh active Active
- 2019-12-27 DE DE112019006482.7T patent/DE112019006482T5/de active Pending
- 2019-12-27 WO PCT/JP2019/051525 patent/WO2020138458A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2019-12-27 US US17/413,613 patent/US12359268B2/en active Active
- 2019-12-27 JP JP2020562523A patent/JP7095117B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008280583A (ja) * | 2007-05-10 | 2008-11-20 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 水素脆性型の面疲労強度に優れた肌焼鋼 |
| WO2016017162A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-04 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 浸炭窒化軸受用鋼 |
| WO2016017160A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-04 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 浸炭窒化軸受部品 |
| WO2019039610A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-02-28 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 浸炭軸受部品用鋼材 |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2021201159A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-07 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
| WO2021201157A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-07 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 浸炭軸受部品 |
| JP2021161462A (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-11 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
| JP7417093B2 (ja) | 2020-03-31 | 2024-01-18 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
| WO2022224849A1 (ja) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-10-27 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | 浸炭窒化処理用鋼材および浸炭窒化鋼材 |
| JP2022165628A (ja) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-11-01 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | 浸炭窒化処理用鋼材および浸炭窒化鋼材 |
| JP2023089730A (ja) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-28 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 鋼材、鋼部品、および鋼部品の製造方法 |
| JP7545949B2 (ja) | 2021-12-16 | 2024-09-05 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 鋼材、鋼部品、および鋼部品の製造方法 |
| WO2026023681A1 (ja) * | 2024-07-26 | 2026-01-29 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | オーステナイト系耐熱鋼 |
| CN119351935A (zh) * | 2024-10-17 | 2025-01-24 | 常熟天地煤机装备有限公司 | 一种Nb-V微合金化重载齿轮用钢及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2020138458A1 (ja) | 2021-10-28 |
| CN113260728B (zh) | 2022-09-16 |
| JP7095117B2 (ja) | 2022-07-04 |
| US20220042545A1 (en) | 2022-02-10 |
| CN113260728A (zh) | 2021-08-13 |
| DE112019006482T5 (de) | 2021-11-04 |
| US12359268B2 (en) | 2025-07-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP7095117B2 (ja) | 浸炭窒化軸受部品 | |
| JP6205061B2 (ja) | 浸炭窒化軸受用鋼 | |
| US10202677B2 (en) | Production method of carburized steel component and carburized steel component | |
| JP7095116B2 (ja) | 浸炭窒化軸受部品の素材となる鋼材 | |
| WO2018101451A1 (ja) | 軟窒化用鋼および部品 | |
| JP7542609B2 (ja) | 浸炭軸受部品 | |
| JP7542610B2 (ja) | 鋼材 | |
| JP2024034952A (ja) | 窒化高周波焼入れ用鋼材及び鋼部品 | |
| JP7417093B2 (ja) | 鋼材 | |
| JP7360060B2 (ja) | 鋼及び軸受 | |
| JP7460884B2 (ja) | 軸受用鋼 | |
| JP2024034953A (ja) | 鋼材及び鋼部品 | |
| JP2023097583A (ja) | 鋼、および、浸炭焼入れ部品 | |
| JP2023069388A (ja) | 鋼、および、浸炭焼入れ部品 | |
| JP2020105603A (ja) | 浸炭鋼部品用鋼材 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 19906346 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2020562523 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 19906346 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 17413613 Country of ref document: US |


