WO2020134089A1 - 一种温室内帘幕及控制方法 - Google Patents

一种温室内帘幕及控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020134089A1
WO2020134089A1 PCT/CN2019/099153 CN2019099153W WO2020134089A1 WO 2020134089 A1 WO2020134089 A1 WO 2020134089A1 CN 2019099153 W CN2019099153 W CN 2019099153W WO 2020134089 A1 WO2020134089 A1 WO 2020134089A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
curtain
outdoor
indoor
radiation intensity
greenhouse
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PCT/CN2019/099153
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
齐振宇
周杰
孔德栋
金蓉
洪之奇
吕秉韬
王慧泉
胡卫珍
胡美华
蔡林生
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浙江大学
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Publication of WO2020134089A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020134089A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
    • A01G9/227—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like rolled up during non-use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of greenhouse thermal insulation and shading, in particular to a greenhouse inner curtain and a control method.
  • the design of the inner curtain of the greenhouse is generally driven by a motor and a reduction box, and is rolled by a wire rope or pulled by a gear rack and a rack drive.
  • the wire rope rolling curtain is more flexible and suitable for greenhouses of different sizes and lengths, and the wire rope can pull the curtain of the small greenhouse to the same side, which is beneficial to the lighting and space utilization of the greenhouse.
  • the running stability of the wire rope rolling curtain is poor, and the failure rate is high, so it is generally less used.
  • the gear seat rack and rack drive curtain has better system stability and low failure rate.
  • the thermal insulation or shading function generally only adopts the temperature threshold control or the light intensity threshold control, which often causes the advance or lag in the opening or closing control of the inner curtain, as well as the frequent start and Stopping, affecting the normal operation of the curtain in the greenhouse.
  • the present invention provides a greenhouse inner curtain and a control method.
  • the inner curtain has a function of shading and heat preservation, and the rack and pinion transmission realizes the expansion and contraction of the inner curtain.
  • the upper and lower racks are installed as mirror images of each other, which realizes the reverse transmission of the upper and lower racks, can gather the curtain to the two sides of the greenhouse, and optimizes the design of the traditional inner curtain rack and pinion transmission.
  • the sunshade of the curtain gathered at the central position of the greenhouse is reduced, and the lighting performance and space utilization rate of the greenhouse are improved.
  • the inner curtain is equipped with an infrared ranging sensor module to monitor the position and movement of the curtain in real time, and the distance and speed of the two infrared ranging sensor modules that are mirror images of each other Comparison, to prevent the impact of unexpected conditions on the inner curtain drive, transmission equipment and greenhouse production.
  • the thermal insulation function of the inner curtain adopts feed-forward control, which improves the accuracy of temperature control and reduces heating energy consumption.
  • the shading function adopts feed-forward control and delay control, which improves the accuracy of the control, avoids the impact of frequent system start and stop on the motor and transmission equipment, and improves the stability of the system operation.
  • the inner curtain is particularly suitable for scientific research greenhouses and test greenhouses with small area and high precision of environmental control.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows: An indoor curtain for warming or shading a greenhouse.
  • the inner curtain includes an outdoor radiation sensor, an outdoor air temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor, a first curtain, First reflector, upper rack, lower rack, pressure curtain line, motor, drive shaft, lower gear, upper gear, indoor air temperature sensor, indoor radiation sensor, support curtain line, second reflector, second curtain, first Two guide rods, long connecting rod, lower beam, upper beam, infrared distance sensing module, short connecting rod, first guide rod, controller;
  • the middle position of the greenhouse has an upper beam and a lower beam, the upper beam It is fixedly connected to the lower beam, and several pressure curtain lines and several support curtain lines are connected between one side wall and the other side wall of the greenhouse, and the pressure curtain lines are located above the support curtain line; both ends of the transmission shaft are supported on the upper beam and the lower Between the crossbeams, the lower gear and the upper gear are installed on the transmission shaft, and the motor drives the transmission shaft to rotate; the upper gear meshe
  • the infrared ranging sensor module includes a first infrared ranging sensor and a second infrared ranging sensor, the laser light emitted by the first infrared ranging sensor is reflected by the first reflector, and the laser light emitted by the second infrared ranging sensor The laser light is reflected by the second reflector.
  • the upper gear is installed on the upper gear seat, the upper gear seat is fixed on the upper beam, the lower gear is installed on the lower gear seat, and the lower gear seat is fixed on the lower beam.
  • the power output by the motor is transmitted to the transmission shaft through the reduction gear box.
  • the motor is fixed between the upper beam and the lower beam.
  • the reduction gearbox is installed and fixed between the upper crossbeam and the lower crossbeam.
  • outdoor radiation sensor outdoor air temperature sensor and outdoor wind speed sensor are provided above the outdoor gutter of the greenhouse.
  • the indoor air temperature sensor and the indoor radiation sensor are provided in the center of the greenhouse.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the above-mentioned curtain in a greenhouse, which includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 First set the temperature threshold T h for starting indoor insulation and the radiation threshold R h for starting insulation on the controller; the radiation threshold R s for starting sunshade; the controller receives the outdoor radiation intensity sensor, outdoor air temperature sensor and outdoor wind speed in real time Information transmitted by sensors, indoor air temperature sensors and indoor radiation intensity sensors;
  • Step 2 The outdoor air temperature sensor and the outdoor wind speed sensor transmit the detected air temperature signal and the outdoor solar radiation value detected by the radiation intensity sensor to the controller.
  • the controller determines the indoor temperature according to the received outdoor air temperature, radiation intensity and wind speed
  • the value calculates the indoor expected temperature, and the indoor expected temperature T q is calculated as follows:
  • T q T S + T o + T r + T w
  • T O k 1 ⁇ (t 1 -t 0 )
  • T r k 2 ⁇ (r 1 -r 0 )
  • T q is the expected indoor air temperature
  • T S is the set standard temperature
  • T o is the effect value of the outdoor temperature on the indoor temperature
  • T r is the effect value of the solar radiation intensity on the indoor temperature
  • T w is the outdoor wind speed on the indoor
  • k 1 is the calculation coefficient of the influence of the outdoor temperature on the indoor temperature
  • t 1 is the current outdoor temperature
  • t 0 is the specified outdoor temperature reference value
  • k 2 is the influence of calculating the indoor temperature influence value of the solar radiation intensity
  • r 1 is the current outdoor radiation intensity
  • r 0 is the specified outdoor radiation intensity reference value
  • k 3 is the influence coefficient for calculating the outdoor wind speed indoor temperature influence value
  • s is the current outdoor wind speed
  • s 0 is the specified outdoor wind speed reference value ;
  • Step 3 The controller performs signal detection every 5 minutes. If the detected real-time outdoor radiation intensity r 1 (n) ⁇ R h , the inner curtain enters the shading mode; in the shading mode, the real-time outdoor radiation intensity r 1 ( n) ⁇ R S , and the outdoor radiation intensity r 1 (n-1) ⁇ R s detected in the first 5 minutes, the system starts the inner curtain deployment; if the detected real-time outdoor radiation intensity r 1 (n) ⁇ R S , And the outdoor radiation intensity r 1 (n-1) ⁇ R S detected in the first 5 minutes, the system starts the inner curtain to gather; the unfolded and folded state of the inner curtain in the controller shading mode is calculated as follows:
  • P S is the expanded or collapsed state of the inner curtain shade mode, +1 is expanded, and -1 is collapsed;
  • R h is the threshold radiation intensity for setting the inner curtain to start heat preservation;
  • R S is the setting inner curtain Threshold radiation intensity for starting sunshade;
  • r 1 (n) is the current outdoor radiation intensity;
  • r 1 (n-1) is the outdoor radiation intensity detected in the first 5 minutes;
  • the controller enters the heat preservation mode according to the detected real-time outdoor radiation intensity r 1 (n) ⁇ R h ; in the heat preservation mode, if the indoor desired temperature is less than the indoor thermal insulation threshold temperature set, that is T q (n) ⁇ T h , the indoor radiation intensity r 2 (n) is less than the set threshold radiation intensity R h of the inner curtain start insulation, the indoor radiation intensity r 2 (n-1) detected in the first 5 minutes is also less than R h , the system starts The inner curtain is unfolded; if the detected real-time indoor temperature t 2 (n) ⁇ T h , the indoor radiation intensity r 2 (n) is greater than or equal to the set threshold radiation intensity R h for starting insulation of the inner curtain, and the first 5 minutes The detected indoor radiation intensity r 2 (n-1) is also greater than or equal to R h , and the controller starts the inner curtain to gather; the unfolded and folded state of the inner curtain in the controller insulation mode is calculated as follows:
  • P h is the unfolded or folded state in the thermal insulation mode of the inner curtain, +1 is unfolded, -1 is folded;
  • t 2 (n) is the real-time indoor temperature detected by the controller;
  • T q (n) is the corresponding time
  • the controller calculates the expected indoor temperature based on the detected meteorological factors;
  • R h is the threshold radiation intensity for setting the inner curtain to start insulation;
  • r 1 (n) is the current outdoor radiation intensity;
  • r 1 (n-1) is the front Outdoor radiation intensity detected in 5 minutes;
  • Step 4 In the state that the curtain in the greenhouse is fully closed or unfolded, set the power-off limit of the motor in the corresponding state respectively; measure the curtain in the greenhouse from the fully unfolded state to the fully closed state, and the running time of the motor c, Measure the running time of the motor in the greenhouse from the fully folded state to the fully deployed state, and set the length of time the motor of the inner curtain is folded and unfolded on the controller; the controller according to the motor running time and The motor limit double controls the stop after the motor is started, and the operation of the inner curtain is stopped;
  • the controller controls the conversion of the inner curtain in the shading and heat preservation functions, and starts the motor to run forward or reverse according to the change of the weather factors inside and outside the greenhouse, so that the inner curtain is gathered or unfolded, so as to meet the shading in the greenhouse 1.
  • the heat preservation meets the set requirements;
  • Step 5 Fault protection of inner curtain operation:
  • the distance between the infrared ranging sensor module and the first reflector and the second reflector are measured in real time by the infrared ranging sensor module, and the controller calculates and judges the system operation under different conditions according to the measured distance according to the following formula Is it normal:
  • W is the normal operation or failure state of the inner curtain
  • 1 is the failure alarm state
  • 0 is the normal operation state
  • d 0 is the set error threshold of the infrared ranging sensor module
  • D is the inner curtain folding situation
  • d f (x) is the real-time between the infrared ranging sensor module and the first reflector during the expansion or folding process Distance
  • d r (x) is the real-time distance between the infrared ranging sensor module and the second reflector in the process of unfolding or collapsing
  • d f (c) is the infrared ranging sensor module and the first reflecting light after the collapsing is completed
  • d r (c) is the real-time distance between the infrared ranging sensor module and the second reflector after the folding is completed
  • d f (s) is the infrared ranging sensor module after the
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the inner curtain of the present invention has functions of shading and heat preservation, and is driven by a motor and a reduction box, and driven by a transmission shaft, a gear seat gear, and a rack to realize the unfolding and folding of the inner curtain.
  • the inner curtain of the present invention adopts a gear seat gear and a rack to drive, has a low operating failure rate, and has higher operating stability.
  • the two sets of gear seats are installed as mirror images of each other, which realizes the reverse transmission of the rack, which can gather the curtain to both sides of the greenhouse, optimizes the design of the traditional inner curtain rack and pinion transmission, and reduces the center of the greenhouse.
  • the sunshade of the curtain is gathered by the position, which improves the lighting performance and space utilization rate of the greenhouse.
  • the inner curtain of the present invention is equipped with an infrared distance-sensing sensor module to monitor the position and movement of the curtain in real time to prevent the impact of unexpected conditions on the inner curtain drive and transmission equipment and the influence of greenhouse production.
  • it is judged whether the system is operating normally according to the distance difference between the infrared distance sensor and the first reflector and the second reflector, which improves the sensitivity of fault judgment.
  • the actual position of the curtain is judged according to the distance between the infrared distance sensor and the first reflector and the second reflector.
  • the system Compared with the traditional motor running time judgment, the system has improved the actual curtain Accuracy of location judgment.
  • feed-forward control is adopted for heat preservation function, which improves the accuracy of temperature control and reduces heating energy consumption.
  • the shading function adopts feed-forward control and delay control, which improves the accuracy of the control, avoids the impact of frequent system start and stop on the motor and transmission equipment, and improves the stability of the system operation.
  • the inner curtain is particularly suitable for scientific research greenhouses and test greenhouses with small area and high precision of environmental control.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the curtain of the present invention gathered
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of the curtain unfolding of the present invention.
  • outdoor radiation sensor 1 outdoor air temperature sensor 2, wind speed sensor 3, first curtain 4, first reflector 5, upper rack 6, lower rack 7, pressure cord 8, motor 9, reduction box 10, Drive shaft 11, lower gear 12, upper gear 13, indoor air temperature sensor 14, indoor radiation sensor 15, support curtain line 16, second reflector 17, second curtain 18, second guide rod 19, long connecting rod 20, lower
  • the cross beam 21 the square tube connector 22, the upper cross beam 23, the infrared distance sensing module 24, the short connecting rod 25, and the first guide rod 26.
  • a greenhouse inner curtain is used for heat preservation and shading of the greenhouse.
  • the inner curtain includes an outdoor radiation sensor 1, an outdoor air temperature sensor 2, an air speed sensor 3, a first curtain 4, and a first reflector 5.
  • the middle of the greenhouse has an upper beam 23 and a lower beam 21, and the upper beam and the lower beam are fixedly connected by a square pipe connector 22, and between one side wall of the greenhouse and the other side wall
  • Connect several pressing curtain wires 8 and several supporting curtain wires 16 are located above the supporting curtain wires 16;
  • the motor 9 and the reduction gearbox 10 are installed and fixed between the upper crossbeam 23 and the lower crossbeam 21, and both ends of the transmission shaft 11 Supporte
  • the upper gear 13 meshes and drives with the upper rack 6, the upper rack 6 is connected with the first guide rod 26 through the short connecting rod 25; the lower gear 12 meshes with the lower rack 7, and the lower rack 7 communicates with the first rack through the long connecting rod 20
  • the two guide bars 19 are connected; the upper rack 6 and the lower rack 7 are mirror images of each other; the first guide bar 26, the first curtain 4, the second guide bar 19 and the second curtain 18 are all placed on the supporting curtain line 16,
  • the curtain wire 8 presses the first curtain 4 and the second curtain 18; one side of the first curtain 4 is fixed on one side wall of the greenhouse, and the other side is fixed on the first guide rod 26, the second One side of the curtain 18 is fixed to the other wall of the greenhouse, and the other side is fixed to the second guide rod 19; the first guide rod 26 is fixed to the first reflector 5, and the second guide rod 19 is fixed to the second
  • the reflective plate 17 and the infrared ranging sensor module 24 are fixed above the upper beam 23.
  • the infrared ranging sensor module 24, the first reflective plate 5 and the second reflective plate 17 are arranged on the same optical axis, and the infrared ranging sensor
  • the module 24 simultaneously emits laser light to the first reflector 5 and the second reflector 17; an outdoor radiation sensor 1, an outdoor air temperature sensor 2 and a wind speed sensor 3 are provided outside the greenhouse, and an indoor air temperature sensor 14 and an indoor radiation sensor 15 are provided in the greenhouse.
  • the motor 9, the outdoor radiation sensor 1, the outdoor air temperature sensor 2, the wind speed sensor 3, the indoor air temperature sensor 14, the indoor radiation sensor 15 and the infrared ranging sensor module 24 are all connected to the controller.
  • the controller may use the ZJU-AES-07 model of Zhejiang University, but it is not limited thereto.
  • the outdoor and outdoor radiation sensor 1, the outdoor air temperature sensor 2 and the wind speed sensor 3 are arranged above the greenhouse gutter.
  • the indoor air temperature sensor 14 and the indoor radiation sensor 15 are arranged in the center of the greenhouse.
  • the upper gear 13 is installed on the upper gear seat, the upper gear seat is fixed to the upper beam 23 by screws, the lower gear 12 is installed on the lower gear seat, and the lower gear seat is fixed to the lower beam 21 by screws.
  • the motor and gearbox may use RW series motors and gearboxes produced by Ridder, but it is not limited thereto.
  • the upper gear 13 and the upper gear base as an integral part, and the lower gear 12 and the upper gear base as an integral part, can use the left and right ear symmetrical pull screen gear RSD-500201 produced by Ridder, but not limited to this;
  • Both the upper rack 6 and the lower rack 7 may use a curtain rack produced by Ridder, but it is not limited thereto.
  • the infrared ranging sensor module 24 includes a first infrared ranging sensor and a second infrared ranging sensor, the laser light emitted by the first infrared ranging sensor is reflected by the first reflector 5, and the laser light emitted by the second infrared ranging sensor The laser light is reflected by the second reflective plate 17.
  • the inner curtain is folded.
  • the controller starts the inner curtain to enter the gathering process according to the changes of the setting and environmental factors.
  • the motor 9 and the reduction gearbox 10 drive the transmission shaft 11 to rotate in the collapsing direction, and the gears of the lower gear 12 and the upper gear 13 rotate with the rotation of the transmission shaft 11 and mesh with the upper rack 6 and the lower rack 7, respectively.
  • the upper rack 6 and the lower rack 7 are moved away from the correspondingly pulled first curtain 4 and second curtain 18 to realize the folding of the inner curtain.
  • the motor 9 performs the power supply operation with a length of time c , Power off and stop running, the limit of the motor 9 in the folded state reaches the set position, and the inner curtain reaches the fully folded state.
  • the infrared ranging sensor module 24 monitors the distance between the sensor and the first reflector 5 and the second reflector 17 in real time, and monitors the speed at which the first curtain 4 and the second curtain 18 move away (leave The distance of the infrared ranging sensor module 24) is within the set error range. If the range is exceeded, the controller immediately stops the motor operation and alarms the inner curtain to close the running failure. When the inner curtain reaches the fully closed state, the distance between the infrared distance sensor module 24 and the first reflector 5 and the second reflector 17 is monitored to reach the maximum, and they are all within the set error range. If the range is exceeded, the controller immediately alarms The inner curtain is in a collapsed state.
  • the inner curtain is unfolded.
  • the controller activates the inner curtain to enter the unfolding process according to the changes of settings and environmental factors.
  • the motor 9 and the reduction gearbox 10 drive the transmission shaft 11 to rotate in the unfolding direction, and the gears of the lower gear 12 and the upper gear 13 rotate with the rotation of the transmission shaft 11 and mesh with the upper rack 6 and the lower rack 7 respectively to drive the upper rack 6.
  • the lower rack 7 moves relative to the correspondingly pulled first curtain 4 and second curtain 18 to realize the unfolding of the inner curtain.
  • the power is turned off and the operation is stopped.
  • the limit of the motor 9 in the expanded state reaches the set position, and the inner curtain reaches the fully expanded state.
  • the infrared ranging sensor module 24 monitors the distance between the sensor and the first reflector 5 and the second reflector 17 in real time, and monitors the moving speed of the first curtain 4 and the second curtain 18 (leaving the infrared The distance of the ranging sensor module 24) is within the error range. If the range is exceeded, the controller stops the motor and alarms the inner curtain to unfold. The inner curtain reaches the fully expanded state, and the distance between the infrared distance sensing module 24 and the first reflector 5 and the second reflector 17 is minimized, and they are all within the set error range. If the range is exceeded, the controller alarms Curtain unfolding state failure.
  • the method for controlling a curtain in a greenhouse includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 First set the temperature threshold T h for starting indoor insulation and the radiation threshold R h for starting insulation on the controller; the radiation threshold R s for starting sunshade; the controller receives the outdoor radiation intensity sensor, outdoor air temperature sensor and outdoor wind speed in real time Information transmitted by sensors, indoor air temperature sensors and indoor radiation intensity sensors.
  • Step 2 The outdoor air temperature sensor and the outdoor wind speed sensor transmit the detected air temperature signal and the outdoor solar radiation value detected by the radiation intensity sensor to the controller.
  • the controller determines the indoor temperature according to the received outdoor air temperature, radiation intensity and wind speed
  • the value calculates the indoor expected temperature, and the indoor expected temperature T q is calculated as follows:
  • T q T S + T o + T r + T w
  • T O k 1 ⁇ (t 1 -t 0 )
  • T r k 2 ⁇ (r 1 -r 0 )
  • T q is the expected indoor air temperature
  • T S is the set standard temperature
  • T o is the effect value of the outdoor temperature on the indoor temperature
  • T r is the effect value of the solar radiation intensity on the indoor temperature
  • T w is the outdoor wind speed on the indoor
  • k 1 is the calculation coefficient of the influence of the outdoor temperature on the indoor temperature
  • t 1 is the current outdoor temperature
  • t 0 is the specified outdoor temperature reference value
  • k 2 is the influence of calculating the indoor temperature influence value of the solar radiation intensity
  • r 1 is the current outdoor radiation intensity
  • r 0 is the specified outdoor radiation intensity reference value
  • k 3 is the calculation coefficient of the outdoor wind speed indoor temperature influence value
  • s is the current outdoor wind speed
  • s 0 is the specified outdoor wind speed reference value .
  • Step 3 The controller performs signal detection every 5 minutes. If the detected real-time outdoor radiation intensity r 1 (n) ⁇ R h , the inner curtain enters the shading mode. In shading mode, the real-time outdoor radiation intensity r 1 (n) ⁇ R S , and the outdoor radiation intensity r 1 (n-1) ⁇ R s detected in the first 5 minutes, the system starts the inner curtain deployment; if detected Real-time outdoor radiation intensity r 1 (n) ⁇ R S , and the outdoor radiation intensity r 1 (n-1) ⁇ R S detected in the first 5 minutes, the system starts the inner curtain to gather.
  • the unfolded and folded state of the inner curtain in the shade mode of the controller is calculated as follows:
  • P S is the expanded or collapsed state of the inner curtain shade mode, +1 is expanded, and -1 is collapsed;
  • R h is the threshold radiation intensity for setting the inner curtain to start heat preservation;
  • R S is the setting inner curtain Threshold radiation intensity for starting sunshade;
  • r 1 (n) is the current outdoor radiation intensity;
  • r 1 (n-1) is the outdoor radiation intensity detected in the first 5 minutes.
  • the controller enters the heat preservation mode according to the detected real-time outdoor radiation intensity r 1 (n) ⁇ R h .
  • the indoor desired temperature is less than the heat preservation threshold temperature set indoors, that is, T q (n) ⁇ T h
  • the indoor radiation intensity r 2 (n) is less than the set threshold radiation intensity R h
  • the indoor radiation intensity r 2 (n-1) detected in the first 5 minutes is also less than R h
  • the system starts the inner curtain to unfold; if the detected real-time indoor temperature t 2 (n) ⁇ T h , the indoor radiation intensity r 2 (n) greater than or equal to the set threshold radiation intensity R h of the inner curtain starting insulation, and the indoor radiation intensity r 2 (n-1) detected in the first 5 minutes is also greater than or equal to R h , the controller activates the inner curtain Collapse;
  • the unfolding and collapsing state of the inner curtain in the controller insulation mode is calculated as follows:
  • P h is the unfolded or folded state in the thermal insulation mode of the inner curtain, +1 is unfolded, -1 is folded; t 2 (n) is the real-time indoor temperature detected by the controller; T q (n) is the corresponding time
  • the controller calculates the expected indoor temperature based on the detected meteorological factors; R h is the threshold radiation intensity for setting the inner curtain to start insulation; r 1 (n) is the current outdoor radiation intensity; r 1 (n-1) is the front Outdoor radiation intensity detected in 5 minutes.
  • Step 4 When the curtain in the greenhouse is fully closed or unfolded, set the power-off limit of the motor in the corresponding state. Measure the running time of the motor in the greenhouse from the fully expanded state to the fully retracted state, and measure the running time of the motor in the greenhouse from the fully retracted state to the fully expanded state, and separately on the controller Set the length of time that the inner curtain gathers and unfolds the motor. The controller controls the stop of the motor after starting according to the running time of the motor and the limit of the motor to realize the stop of the inner curtain.
  • Step 5 Fault protection of inner curtain operation.
  • the distance between the distance-measuring sensor and the first reflector and the second reflector are measured in real time by the infrared distance-sensing module.
  • the controller calculates and judges whether the system operates normally under different conditions based on the measured distance.
  • the inner curtain In the process of unfolding or collapsing, the distance difference between the sensor and the first reflector and the second reflector is determined so that the strokes of the upper and lower racks refer to each other. As long as a slight stroke failure occurs in any rack, detect All devices can be judged sensitively. When a fault occurs, the controller stops the motor and alarms that the inner curtain is unfolding or collapsing.
  • the actual position of the curtain is judged according to the distance between the infrared ranging sensor module and the first reflector and the second reflector, compared with the traditional motor running time judgment, the curtain can be accurately judged
  • the actual position of the controller when a fault occurs, the controller alarms that the inner curtain is unfolded or collapsed.
  • W is the state of normal operation or failure of the inner curtain
  • 1 is the failure alarm state
  • 0 is the normal operation state
  • d 0 is the set error threshold of the ranging error of the infrared ranging sensor module
  • D is the folding situation of the inner curtain
  • d f (x) is the real-time between the infrared ranging sensor module and the first reflector during the expansion or folding process Distance
  • d r (x) is the real-time distance between the infrared ranging sensor module and the second reflector in the process of unfolding or collapsing
  • d f (c) is the infrared ranging sensor module and the first reflecting light after the collapsing is completed
  • d r (c) is the real-time distance between the infrared ranging sensor module and the second reflector after the folding is completed
  • d f (s) is the inf
  • the controller controls the conversion of the inner curtain in the shading and heat preservation functions, and starts the motor to run forward or reverse according to the change of the weather factors inside and outside the greenhouse, so that the inner curtain is gathered or unfolded, so as to meet the shading in the greenhouse 3.
  • the heat preservation meets the set requirements.
  • the controller measures the distance between the distance measuring sensor and the first reflector and the second reflector according to the infrared ranging sensor module in real time, and calculates and judges whether the inner curtain operates normally under different conditions and is in a fault state Stop the motor running immediately to protect and alarm to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system.

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种温室内帘幕及控制方法，内帘幕具有遮阳与保温功能，通过齿轮齿条实现内帘幕的展开与收拢。在传动上，将上齿条（6）、下齿条（7）互为镜像安装，实现了齿条的反向传动，能够将幕布收拢到温室的两侧，内帘幕配置红外测距传感模块（24），实时监测幕布的位置与移动情况；在控制方法上，保温功能采用前馈式控制，提高了温度控制的精确性并减少了加热能耗，遮阳功能采用前馈控制与延时控制，提高了控制的准确性和系统运行的稳定性。

Description

一种温室内帘幕及控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及温室保温与遮阳技术领域，尤其涉及一种温室内帘幕及控制方法。
背景技术
目前，温室的内帘幕的设计上，一般采用电机与减速箱驱动，使用钢丝绳卷动或齿轮座齿轮与齿条传动拉幕。钢丝绳卷动拉幕比较灵活，适用于不同大小、长度的温室，并且钢丝绳能够将小间温室的幕布拉到同一侧，有利于温室的采光与空间利用。但是钢丝绳卷动拉幕运行稳定性较差，故障率较高，所以一般较少采用。齿轮座齿轮与齿条传动拉幕有着较好的系统运行稳定性，故障率低，但是，因传动齿条长度的限制与影响，特别是采用齿轮座齿轮与齿条传动拉幕收拢时，部分幕布会停留在温室的中央，导致温室中央遮阳严重，从而影响温室的采光性与空间利用率，这也使得齿轮座齿轮与齿条传动拉幕在小开间、小面积的温室较少采用。
在温室内帘幕运行的安全监控上，一般只是采用根据拉幕行程设定的电机限位控制和电机运行时间控制，这些控制都不能准确反映内帘幕的实时运行状态与幕布的实时位置，且在内帘幕运行发生故障时，不能进行检测、停止与报警，造成过载引起的内帘幕驱动电机损坏或传动设备与部件的变形，而这些破坏一般都很难进行修复。同时，因为自动控制不能检测幕布的实时位置，还会导致内帘幕实时位置的误判，引起高光强对生产植物的灼烧等严重生产事故，带来较大的损失。
在温室内帘幕的控制方法上，保温或遮阳功能一般只是采用温度阈值控制或光照强度阈值控制，往往造成内帘幕展开或收拢控制上的提前或滞后，以及电机和传动设备的频繁启动与停止，影响温室内帘幕的正常运行。
发明内容
为了克服现有的温室内帘幕的不足，本发明提供了一种温室内帘幕及控制方法，该内帘幕具有遮阳与保温功能，齿轮齿条传动实现内帘幕的展开与收拢。在传动上，将上、下齿条互为镜像安装，实现了上、下齿条的反向传动，能够将幕布收拢到温室的两侧，优化了传统内帘幕齿轮齿条传动的设计，减少了温室中央位置收拢幕布的遮阳，提高了温室的采光性与空间利用率。在温室内帘幕运行的安全监控上，该内帘幕配置红外测距传感模块，实时监测幕布的位置与移动情况，并通过互为镜像的两组红外测距传感模块的距离与速度的比较，防止意外情况对内帘幕驱动、传动设备的影响以及温室生产的影响。
在控制方法上，该内帘幕保温功能采用前馈式控制，提高了温度控制的精确性并减少了加热能耗。遮阳功能采用前馈控制与延时控制，提高了控制的准确性，避免了系统频繁启动与停止对电机和传动设备的影响，并提高了系统运行的稳定性。该内帘幕特别适合于面积小、对环境控制精度高的科研温室和试验温室。
为了达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：一种温室内帘幕，用于给温室进行保温或遮阳，该内帘幕包括室外辐射传感器、室外气温传感器、风速传感器、第一幕布、第一反光板、上齿条、下齿条、压幕线、电机、传动轴、下齿轮、上齿轮、室内气温传感器、室内辐射传感器、托幕线、第二反光板、第二幕布、第二导杆、长连接杆、下横梁、上横梁、红外测距传感模块、短连接杆、第一导杆、控制器；所述温室的中间位置有上横梁和下横梁，所述上横梁与下横梁固定连接，温室的一侧墙与另一侧墙之间连接若干压幕线和若干托幕线，压幕线位于托幕线的上方；传动轴的两端支承在上横梁和下横梁之间，下齿轮和上齿轮均安装在传动轴上，电机驱动传动轴转动；上齿轮与上齿条啮合传动，上齿条通过短连接杆与第一导杆连接；下齿轮与下齿条啮合传动，下齿条通过长连接杆与第二导杆连接；上齿条和下齿条互为镜像安装；第一导杆、第一幕布、第二导杆和第二幕布均搁置于托幕线上，压幕线压住第一幕布和第二幕布；所述第一幕布的一个侧边固定在温室的一侧墙上，另一个侧边固定在第一导杆上，第二幕布的一个侧边固定温室的另一侧墙上，另一个侧边固定在第二导杆上；所述第一导杆上固定第一反光板，第二导杆上固定第二反光板，红外测距传感模块固定在上横梁的上方，红外测距传感模块、第一反光板以及第二反光板布置在同一光轴上，红外测距传感模块同时给第一反光板和第二反光板发射激光；所述温室外设有室外辐射传感器、室外气温传感器和风速传感器，温室内设有室内气温传感器和室内辐射传感器；所述电机、室外辐射传感器、室外气温传感器、风速传感器、室内气温传感器、室内辐射传感器和红外测距传感模块均与控制器相连。
进一步的，所述红外测距传感模块包括第一红外测距传感器和第二红外测距传感器，第一红外测距传感器发出的激光通过第一反光板反射，第二红外测距传感器发出的激光通过第二反光板反射。
进一步的，所述上齿轮安装在上齿轮座上，上齿轮座固定于上横梁，下齿轮安装在下齿轮座上，下齿轮座固定于下横梁。
进一步的，所述电机输出的动力通过减速箱传递到传动轴上。
进一步的，所述电机固定于上横梁与下横梁之间。
进一步的，所述减速箱安装固定于上横梁与下横梁之间。
进一步的，所述室外辐射传感器、室外气温传感器、室外风速传感器设置在温室室外天 沟的上方。
进一步的，所述室内气温传感器、室内辐射传感器设置在温室的中央。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述的温室内帘幕的控制方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一、首先在控制器上设定室内启动保温的温度阈值T h、启动保温的辐射阈值R h；启动遮阳的辐射阈值R s；控制器实时接收室外辐射强度传感器、室外气温传感器、室外风速传感器、室内气温传感器以及室内辐射强度传感器传递来的信息；
步骤二、室外气温传感器、室外风速传感器将检测到的气温信号以及辐射强度传感器检测到的室外太阳辐射值传递给控制器，控制器根据接收到的室外气温以及辐射强度和风速对室内温度的影响值计算室内期望气温，室内期望气温T q计算如下：
T q＝T S+T o+T r+T w
T O＝k 1×(t 1-t 0)
T r＝k 2×(r 1-r 0)
T w＝k 3×(s-s 0)
式中T q为室内期望气温；T S为设定的标准温度；T o为室外温度对室内温度的影响值；T r为太阳辐射强度对室内温度的影响值；T w为室外风速对室内温度的影响值；k 1为计算室外温度对室内温度影响值的影响系数，t 1为当前室外温度，t 0为指定的室外温度参考值，k 2为计算太阳辐射强度室内温度影响值的影响系数，r 1为当前室外辐射强度，r 0为指定的室外辐射强度参考值；k 3为计算室外风速室内温度影响值的影响系数，s为当前室外风速，s 0为指定的室外风速参考值；
步骤三、控制器每隔5分钟进行一次信号检测，如检测到的实时室外辐射强度r 1(n)≥R h，内帘幕进入遮阳模式；在遮阳模式下，实时室外辐射强度r 1(n)≥R S，且前5分钟检测到的室外辐射强度r 1(n-1)≥R s，系统启动内帘幕展开；如检测到的实时室外辐射强度r 1(n)<R S，且前5分钟检测到的室外辐射强度r 1(n-1)<R S，系统启动内帘幕收拢；控制器遮阳模式下内帘幕的展开与收拢状态计算如下：
Figure PCTCN2019099153-appb-000001
式中P S为内帘幕遮阳模式下的展开或收拢状态，+1为展开，-1为收拢；R h为设定内帘幕启动保温的阈值辐射强度；R S为设定内帘幕启动遮阳的阈值辐射强度；r 1(n)为当前室外辐射强度；r 1(n-1)为前5分钟检测到的室外辐射强度；
控制器根据检测到的实时室外辐射强度r 1(n)<R h，内帘幕进入保温模式；在保温模式下，如室内期望温度小于室内设定的保温阈值温度，即T q(n)≤T h,室内辐射强度r 2(n)小于设定内帘幕启动保温的阈值辐射强度R h，前5分钟检测到的室内辐射强度r 2(n-1)也小于R h，系统启动内帘幕展开；如检测到的室内实时温度t 2(n)≥T h，室内辐射强度r 2(n)大于或等于设定内帘幕启动保温的阈值辐射强度R h，且前5分钟检测到的室内辐射强度r 2(n-1)也大于或等于R h，控制器启动内帘幕收拢；控制器保温模式下内帘幕的展开与收拢状态计算如下：
Figure PCTCN2019099153-appb-000002
式中P h为内帘幕保温模式下的展开或收拢状态，+1为展开，-1为收拢；t 2(n)为控制器检测到的实时室内温度；T q(n)为对应时刻控制器根据检测到的气象因子计算出的室内期望温度；R h为设定内帘幕启动保温的阈值辐射强度；r 1(n)为当前室外辐射强度；r 1(n-1)为前5分钟检测到的室外辐射强度；
步骤四、在温室内帘幕完全收拢或展开的状态下，分别设置相应状态下的电机断电限位；测定温室内帘幕从完全展开的状态到完全收拢的状态，电机的运行时间c，测定温室内帘幕从完全收拢的状态到完全展开的状态，电机的运行时间s，并在控制器上分别设定内帘幕收拢与展开的电机运行的时间长度；控制器根据电机运行时间与电机限位双重控制电机启动后的停止，实现内帘幕的运行停止；
通过步骤一至步骤四，控制器控制内帘幕在遮阳和保温功能的转换，根据温室内外气 象因子变化情况，启动电机正向或反向运行，使得内帘幕收拢或展开，从而满足温室内遮阳、保温达到设置的要求；
步骤五、内帘幕运行的故障保护：
通过红外测距传感模块实时测得红外测距传感模块分别与第一反光板、第二反光板之间的距离，控制器根据测得距离，通过下式计算并判断不同情况下系统运行是否正常：
Figure PCTCN2019099153-appb-000003
式中W为内帘幕运行正常或故障的状态，1为故障报警状态，0为正常运行状态；d 0为设定的红外测距传感模块测距误差阈值；D为内帘幕收拢情况下，红外测距传感模块与第一反光板、第二反光板之间的实际距离；d f(x)为展开或收拢过程中红外测距传感模块与第一反光板之间的实时距离；d r(x)为展开或收拢过程中红外测距传感模块与第二反光板之间的实时距离；d f(c)为收拢完成后，红外测距传感模块与第一反光板之间的实时距离；d r(c)为收拢完成后，红外测距传感模块与第二反光板之间的实时距离；d f(s)为展开完成后，红外测距传感模块与第一反光板之间的实时距离；d r(s)为展开完成后，红外测距传感模块与第二反光板之间的实时距离。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明内帘幕具有遮阳与保温功能，通过电机与减速箱驱动，传动轴、齿轮座齿轮与齿条传动，实现内帘幕的展开与收拢。与钢丝绳卷动拉幕相比，本发明内帘幕采用齿轮座齿轮与齿条传动，运行故障率低，具有较高的运行稳定性。在传动上，将两组齿轮座互为镜像安装，实现了齿条的反向传动，能够将幕布收拢到温室的两侧，优化了传统内帘幕齿轮齿条传动的设计，减少了温室中央位置收拢幕布的遮阳，提高了温室的采光性与空间利用率。本发明内帘幕配置红外测距传感模块，实时监测幕布的位置与移动情况，防止意外情况对内帘幕驱动、传动设备的影响以及温室生产的影响。同时，内帘幕展开或收拢过程中，根据红外测距传感器分别与第一反光板、第二反光板之间的距离差判断系统运行是否正常，提高了故障判断的灵敏性。内帘幕展开或收拢完成后，根据红外测距传感器与第 一反光板、第二反光板之间的距离和进行判断幕布实际位置，相比传统的电机运行时间判断，提高了系统对幕布实际位置判断的准确性。在控制方法上，保温功能采用前馈式控制，提高了温度控制的精确性并减少了加热能耗。遮阳功能采用前馈控制与延时控制，提高了控制的准确性，避免了系统频繁启动与停止对电机和传动设备的影响，并提高了系统运行的稳定性。该内帘幕特别适合于面积小、对环境控制精度高的科研温室和试验温室。
附图说明
图1是本发明的原理图；
图2是本发明幕布收拢的侧面图；
图3是本发明幕布展开的侧面图；
图4是本发明传动系统侧面图；
图中，室外辐射传感器1、室外气温传感器2、风速传感器3、第一幕布4、第一反光板5、上齿条6、下齿条7、压幕线8、电机9、减速箱10、传动轴11、下齿轮12、上齿轮13、室内气温传感器14、室内辐射传感器15、托幕线16、第二反光板17、第二幕布18、第二导杆19、长连接杆20、下横梁21、方管连接件22、上横梁23、红外测距传感模块24、短连接杆25、第一导杆26。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步的说明；
如图1所示，一种温室内帘幕，用于给温室进行保温和遮阳，该内帘幕包括室外辐射传感器1、室外气温传感器2、风速传感器3、第一幕布4、第一反光板5、上齿条6、下齿条7、压幕线8、电机9、减速箱10、传动轴11、下齿轮12、上齿轮13、室内气温传感器14、室内辐射传感器15、托幕线16、第二反光板17、第二幕布18、第二导杆19、长连接杆20、下横梁21、方管连接件22、上横梁23、红外测距传感模块24、短连接杆25、第一导杆26、控制器；温室的开间中间有上横梁23、下横梁21，上横梁与下横梁之间采用方管连接件22固定连接，温室的一侧墙与另一侧墙之间连接若干压幕线8和若干托幕线16，压幕线8位于托幕线16的上方；电机9和减速箱10安装固定于上横梁23与下横梁21之间，传动轴11的两端支承在上横梁23和下横梁21之间，下齿轮12和上齿轮13均安装在传动轴11上，所述电机9输出的动力通过减速箱10传递到传动轴11上。上齿轮13与上齿条6啮合传动，上齿条6通过短连接杆25与第一导杆26连接；下齿轮12与下齿条7啮合传动，下齿条7通过长连接杆20与第二导杆19连接；上齿条6和下齿条7互为镜像安装；第一导杆26、第一幕布4、第二导杆19和第二幕布18均搁置于托幕线16上，压幕线8压住第一幕布4和第二幕布18；所述第一幕布4的一个侧边固定在温室的一侧墙上，另一个侧边固定在第一导杆26上，第二幕布18的一个侧边固定温室的另一侧墙上，另一个侧 边固定在第二导杆19上；第一导杆26上固定第一反光板5，第二导杆19上固定第二反光板17，红外测距传感模块24固定在上横梁23的上方，红外测距传感模块24、第一反光板5以及第二反光板17布置在同一光轴上，红外测距传感模块24同时给第一反光板5和第二反光板17发射激光；温室外设有室外辐射传感器1、室外气温传感器2和风速传感器3，温室内设有室内气温传感器14和室内辐射传感器15。所述电机9、室外辐射传感器1、室外气温传感器2、风速传感器3、室内气温传感器14、室内辐射传感器15和红外测距传感模块24均与控制器相连。所述控制器可以采用浙江大学ZJU-AES-07型号的产品，但不限于此。
进一步的，温室外室外辐射传感器1、室外气温传感器2和风速传感器3设置在温室天沟上方。
进一步的，所述室内气温传感器14和室内辐射传感器15设置在温室的中央。
进一步的，所述上齿轮13安装在上齿轮座上，上齿轮座通过螺钉固定于上横梁23，下齿轮12安装在下齿轮座上，下齿轮座通过螺钉固定于下横梁21。所述电机与减速箱可采用Ridder公司生产的RW系列电机与减速箱，但不限于此。所述上齿轮13与上齿轮座作为一个整体部件以及下齿轮12与上齿轮座作为一个整体部件，均可以采用Ridder公司生产的左右耳对称的拉幕齿轮RSD-500201产品，但不限于此；上齿条6和下齿条7均可以采用Ridder公司生产的拉幕齿条，但不限于此。
进一步的，红外测距传感模块24包括第一红外测距传感器和第二红外测距传感器，第一红外测距传感器发出的激光通过第一反光板5反射，第二红外测距传感器发出的激光通过第二反光板17反射。
如图2所示，内帘幕收拢状态。控制器根据设定与环境因子的变化，启动内帘幕进入收拢过程。电机9和减速箱10按收拢方向驱动传动轴11旋转，下齿轮12、上齿轮13齿轮随传动轴11旋转而旋转，并分别与上齿条6、下齿条7啮合传动。使得上齿条6、下齿条7与对应拉动的第一幕布4、第二幕布18相离移动，实现内帘幕的收拢，收拢过程中，通过电机9进行时间长度为c的供电运行后，断电停止运行，电机9收拢状态限位达到设定位置，内帘幕达到完全收拢状态。收拢的过程中，红外测距传感模块24实时监测传感器分别与第一反光板5、第二反光板17之间的距离，监测第一幕布4、第二幕布18相离移动的速度(离开红外测距传感模块24的距离)在设定误差范围内，超出范围，控制器立即停止电机运行并报警内帘幕收拢运行故障。内帘幕达到完全收拢状态，监测红外测距传感模块24距离第一反光板5、第二反光板17的距离达到最大，并都在设定的误差范围内，超出范围，控制器立即报警内帘幕收拢状态故障。
如图3所示，内帘幕展开状态。控制器根据设定与环境因子的变化，启动内帘幕进入展开过程。电机9和减速箱10按展开方向驱动传动轴11旋转，下齿轮12、上齿轮13齿轮随传动轴11 旋转而旋转，并分别与上齿条6、下齿条7啮合传动，使得上齿条6、下齿条7与对应拉动的第一幕布4、第二幕布18相向移动，实现内帘幕的展开，展开过程中，通过电机9进行时间长度为s的供电运行后，断电停止运行，电机9展开状态限位达到设定位置，内帘幕达到完全展开状态。展开的过程中，红外测距传感模块24实时监测传感器分别与第一反光板5、第二反光板17之间的距离，监测第一幕布4、第二幕布18相向移动的速度(离开红外测距传感模块24的距离)在误差范围内，超出范围，控制器停止电机运行并报警内帘幕展开运行故障。内帘幕达到完全展开状态，监测红外测距传感模块24距离第一反光板5、第二反光板17的距离达到最小，并都在设定的误差范围内，超出范围，控制器报警内帘幕展开状态故障。
本发明所提供的温室内帘幕控制方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤一、首先在控制器上设定室内启动保温的温度阈值T h、启动保温的辐射阈值R h；启动遮阳的辐射阈值R s；控制器实时接收室外辐射强度传感器、室外气温传感器、室外风速传感器、室内气温传感器以及室内辐射强度传感器传递来的信息。
步骤二、室外气温传感器、室外风速传感器将检测到的气温信号以及辐射强度传感器检测到的室外太阳辐射值传递给控制器，控制器根据接收到的室外气温以及辐射强度和风速对室内温度的影响值计算室内期望气温，室内期望气温T q计算如下：
T q＝T S+T o+T r+T w
T O＝k 1×(t 1-t 0)
T r＝k 2×(r 1-r 0)
T w＝k 3×(s-s 0)
式中T q为室内期望气温；T S为设定的标准温度；T o为室外温度对室内温度的影响值；T r为太阳辐射强度对室内温度的影响值；T w为室外风速对室内温度的影响值；k 1为计算室外温度对室内温度影响值的影响系数，t 1为当前室外温度，t 0为指定的室外温度参考值，k 2为计算太阳辐射强度室内温度影响值的影响系数，r 1为当前室外辐射强度，r 0为指定的室外辐射强度参考值；k 3为计算室外风速室内温度影响值的影响系数，s为当前室外风速，s 0为指定的室外风速参考值。
步骤三、控制器每隔5分钟进行一次信号检测，如检测到的实时室外辐射强度r 1(n)≥R h， 内帘幕进入遮阳模式。在遮阳模式下，实时室外辐射强度r 1(n)≥R S，且前5分钟检测到的室外辐射强度r 1(n-1)≥R s，系统启动内帘幕展开；如检测到的实时室外辐射强度r 1(n)<R S，且前5分钟检测到的室外辐射强度r 1(n-1)<R S，系统启动内帘幕收拢。控制器遮阳模式下内帘幕的展开与收拢状态计算如下：
Figure PCTCN2019099153-appb-000004
式中P S为内帘幕遮阳模式下的展开或收拢状态，+1为展开，-1为收拢；R h为设定内帘幕启动保温的阈值辐射强度；R S为设定内帘幕启动遮阳的阈值辐射强度；r 1(n)为当前室外辐射强度；r 1(n-1)为前5分钟检测到的室外辐射强度。
控制器根据检测到的实时室外辐射强度r 1(n)<R h，内帘幕进入保温模式。在保温模式下，如室内期望温度小于室内设定的保温阈值温度，即T q(n)≤T h,室内辐射强度r 2(n)小于设定内帘幕启动保温的阈值辐射强度R h，前5分钟检测到的室内辐射强度r 2(n-1)也小于R h，系统启动内帘幕展开；如检测到的室内实时温度t 2(n)≥T h，室内辐射强度r 2(n)大于或等于设定内帘幕启动保温的阈值辐射强度R h，且前5分钟检测到的室内辐射强度r 2(n-1)也大于或等于R h，控制器启动内帘幕收拢；控制器保温模式下内帘幕的展开与收拢状态计算如下：
Figure PCTCN2019099153-appb-000005
式中P h为内帘幕保温模式下的展开或收拢状态，+1为展开，-1为收拢；t 2(n)为控制器检测到的实时室内温度；T q(n)为对应时刻控制器根据检测到的气象因子计算出的室内期望温度；R h为设定内帘幕启动保温的阈值辐射强度；r 1(n)为当前室外辐射强度；r 1(n-1)为前5分钟检测到的室外辐射强度。
步骤四、在温室内帘幕完全收拢或展开的状态下，分别设置相应状态下的电机断电限位。测定温室内帘幕从完全展开的状态到完全收拢的状态，电机的运行时间c，测定温室内帘幕 从完全收拢的状态到完全展开的状态，电机的运行时间s，并在控制器上分别设定内帘幕收拢与展开的电机运行的时间长度。控制器根据电机运行时间与电机限位双重控制电机启动后的停止，实现内帘幕的运行停止。
步骤五、内帘幕运行的故障保护。通过红外测距传感模块实时测得测距传感器分别与第一反光板、第二反光板之间的距离，控制器根据测得距离，计算并判断不同情况下系统运行是否正常，内帘幕展开或收拢过程中，根据传感器与第一反光板、第二反光板之间的距离差判断，使得上、下齿条的行程互为参照对象，只要任一齿条发生微小的行程故障，探测器都可以灵敏地进行判断。发生故障时，控制器停止电机运行并报警内帘幕展开或收拢运行故障。内帘幕展开或收拢完成后，根据红外测距传感模块与第一反光板、第二反光板之间的距离和进行判断幕布实际位置，相比传统的电机运行时间判断，能够准确判断幕布的实际位置，发生故障时，控制器报警内帘幕展开或收拢状态故障。
Figure PCTCN2019099153-appb-000006
式中W为内帘幕运行正常或故障的状态，1为故障报警状态，0为正常运行状态；d 0为设定的红外测距传感模块测距误差阈值；D为内帘幕收拢情况下，红外测距传感模块与第一反光板、第二反光板之间的实际距离；d f(x)为展开或收拢过程中红外测距传感模块与第一反光板之间的实时距离；d r(x)为展开或收拢过程中红外测距传感模块与第二反光板之间的实时距离；d f(c)为收拢完成后，红外测距传感模块与第一反光板之间的实时距离；d r(c)为收拢完成后，红外测距传感模块与第二反光板之间的实时距离；d f(s)为展开完成后，红外测距传感模块与第一反光板之间的实时距离；d r(s)为展开完成后，红外测距传感模块与第二反光板之间的实时距离。
通过步骤一至步骤四，控制器控制内帘幕在遮阳和保温功能的转换，根据温室内外气象因子变化情况，启动电机正向或反向运行，使得内帘幕收拢或展开，从而满足温室内遮阳、保温达到设置的要求。通过步骤五，控制器根据红外测距传感模块实时测得测距传感器与第 一反光板、第二反光板之间的距离，计算并判断不同情况下内帘幕运行是否正常，在故障状态下立即停止电机运行，进行保护与报警，确保系统的安全与稳定运行。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种温室内帘幕，用于给温室进行保温或遮阳，其特征在于，该内帘幕包括室外辐射传感器(1)、室外气温传感器(2)、风速传感器(3)、第一幕布(4)、第一反光板(5)、上齿条(6)、下齿条(7)、压幕线(8)、电机(9)、传动轴(11)、下齿轮(12)、上齿轮(13)、室内气温传感器(14)、室内辐射传感器(15)、托幕线(16)、第二反光板(17)、第二幕布(18)、第二导杆(19)、长连接杆(20)、下横梁(21)、上横梁(23)、红外测距传感模块(24)、短连接杆(25)、第一导杆(26)、控制器等；所述温室的中间位置有上横梁(23)和下横梁(21)，所述上横梁(23)与下横梁(21)固定连接，温室的一侧墙与另一侧墙之间连接若干压幕线(8)和若干托幕线(16)，压幕线(8)位于托幕线(16)的上方；传动轴(11)的两端支承在上横梁(23)和下横梁(21)之间，下齿轮(12)和上齿轮(13)均安装在传动轴(11)上，电机(9)驱动传动轴(11)转动；上齿轮(13)与上齿条(6)啮合传动，上齿条(6)通过短连接杆(25)与第一导杆(26)连接；下齿轮(12)与下齿条(7)啮合传动，下齿条(7)通过长连接杆(20)与第二导杆(19)连接；上齿条(6)和下齿条(7)互为镜像安装；第一导杆(26)、第一幕布(4)、第二导杆(19)和第二幕布(18)均搁置于托幕线(16)上，压幕线(8)压住第一幕布(4)和第二幕布(18)；所述第一幕布(4)的一个侧边固定在温室的一侧墙上，另一个侧边固定在第一导杆(26)上，第二幕布(18)的一个侧边固定温室的另一侧墙上，另一个侧边固定在第二导杆(19)上；所述第一导杆(26)上固定第一反光板(5)，第二导杆(19)上固定第二反光板(17)，红外测距传感模块(24)固定在上横梁(23)的上方，红外测距传感模块(24)、第一反光板(5)以及第二反光板(17)布置在同一光轴上，红外测距传感模块(24)同时给第一反光板(5)和第二反光板(17)发射激光；所述温室外设有室外辐射传感器(1)、室外气温传感器(2)和风速传感器(3)，温室内设有室内气温传感器(14)和室内辐射传感器(15)；所述电机(9)、室外辐射传感器(1)、室外气温传感器(2)、风速传感器(3)、室内气温传感器(14)、室内辐射传感器(15)和红外测距传感模块(24)均与控制器相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种温室内帘幕，其特征在于，所述红外测距传感模块(24)包括第一红外测距传感器和第二红外测距传感器，第一红外测距传感器发出的激光通过第一反光板(5)反射，第二红外测距传感器发出的激光通过第二反光板(17)反射。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种温室内帘幕，其特征在于，所述上齿轮(13)安装在上齿轮座上，上齿轮座固定于上横梁(23)，下齿轮(12)安装在下齿轮座上，下齿轮座固定于下横梁(21)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种温室内帘幕，其特征在于，所述电机(9)输出的动力通过减速箱(10)传递到传动轴(11)上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种温室内帘幕，其特征在于，所述电机(9)固定于上横梁(23)与下横梁(21)之间。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种温室内帘幕，其特征在于，所述减速箱(10)安装固定于上横梁(23)与下横梁(21)之间。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种温室内帘幕，其特征在于，所述室外辐射传感器(1)、室外气温传感器(2)、室外风速传感器(3)设置在温室室外天沟的上方。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的一种加湿与降温风机湿帘装置，其特征在于，所述室内气温传感器(14)、室内辐射传感器(15)设置在温室的中央。
  9. 一种权利要求1-8任一项所述的温室内帘幕的控制方法，其特征在于，该方法包括如下步骤：
    步骤一、首先在控制器上设定室内启动保温的温度阈值T h、启动保温的辐射阈值R h；启动遮阳的辐射阈值R s；控制器实时接收室外辐射强度传感器、室外气温传感器、室外风速传感器、室内气温传感器以及室内辐射强度传感器传递来的信息；
    步骤二、室外气温传感器、室外风速传感器将检测到的气温信号以及辐射强度传感器检测到的室外太阳辐射值传递给控制器，控制器根据接收到的室外气温以及辐射强度和风速对室内温度的影响值计算室内期望气温，室内期望气温T q计算如下：
    T q＝T S+T o+T r+T w
    T O＝k 1×(t 1-t 0)
    T r＝k 2×(r 1-r 0)
    T w＝k 3×(s-s 0)
    式中T q为室内期望气温；T S为设定的标准温度；T o为室外温度对室内温度的影响值；T r为太阳辐射强度对室内温度的影响值；T w为室外风速对室内温度的影响值；k 1为计算室外温度对室内温度影响值的影响系数，t 1为当前室外温度，t 0为指定的室外温度参考值，k 2为计算太阳辐射强度室内温度影响值的影响系数，r 1为当前室外辐射强度，r 0为指定的室外辐射强度参考值；k 3为计算室外风速室内温度影响值的影响系数，s为当前室外风速，s 0为指 定的室外风速参考值；
    步骤三、控制器每隔5分钟进行一次信号检测，如检测到的实时室外辐射强度r 1(n)≥R h，内帘幕进入遮阳模式；在遮阳模式下，实时室外辐射强度r 1(n)≥R S，且前5分钟检测到的室外辐射强度r 1(n-1)≥R s，系统启动内帘幕展开；如检测到的实时室外辐射强度r 1(n)<R S，且前5分钟检测到的室外辐射强度r 1(n-1)<R S，系统启动内帘幕收拢；控制器遮阳模式下内帘幕的展开与收拢状态计算如下：
    Figure PCTCN2019099153-appb-100001
    式中P S为内帘幕遮阳模式下的展开或收拢状态，+1为展开，-1为收拢；R h为设定内帘幕启动保温的阈值辐射强度；R S为设定内帘幕启动遮阳的阈值辐射强度；r 1(n)为当前室外辐射强度；r 1(n-1)为前5分钟检测到的室外辐射强度；
    控制器根据检测到的实时室外辐射强度r 1(n)<R h，内帘幕进入保温模式；在保温模式下，如室内期望温度小于室内设定的保温阈值温度，即T q(n)≤T h,室内辐射强度r 2(n)小于设定内帘幕启动保温的阈值辐射强度R h，前5分钟检测到的室内辐射强度r 2(n-1)也小于R h，系统启动内帘幕展开；如检测到的室内实时温度t 2(n)≥T h，室内辐射强度r 2(n)大于或等于设定内帘幕启动保温的阈值辐射强度R h，且前5分钟检测到的室内辐射强度r 2(n-1)也大于或等于R h，控制器启动内帘幕收拢；控制器保温模式下内帘幕的展开与收拢状态计算如下：
    Figure PCTCN2019099153-appb-100002
    式中P h为内帘幕保温模式下的展开或收拢状态，+1为展开，-1为收拢；t 2(n)为控制器检测到的实时室内温度；T q(n)为对应时刻控制器根据检测到的气象因子计算出的室内期望温度；R h为设定内帘幕启动保温的阈值辐射强度；r 1(n)为当前室外辐射强度；r 1(n-1)为 前5分钟检测到的室外辐射强度；
    步骤四、在温室内帘幕完全收拢或展开的状态下，分别设置相应状态下的电机断电限位；测定温室内帘幕从完全展开的状态到完全收拢的状态，电机的运行时间c，测定温室内帘幕从完全收拢的状态到完全展开的状态，电机的运行时间s，并在控制器上分别设定内帘幕收拢与展开的电机运行的时间长度；控制器根据电机运行时间与电机限位双重控制电机启动后的停止，实现内帘幕的运行停止；
    通过步骤一至步骤四，控制器控制内帘幕在遮阳和保温功能的转换，根据温室内外气象因子变化情况，启动电机正向或反向运行，使得内帘幕收拢或展开，从而满足温室内遮阳、保温达到设置的要求；
    步骤五、内帘幕运行的故障保护：
    通过红外测距传感模块实时测得红外测距传感模块分别与第一反光板、第二反光板之间的距离，控制器根据测得距离，通过下式计算并判断不同情况下系统运行是否正常：
    Figure PCTCN2019099153-appb-100003
    式中W为内帘幕运行正常或故障的状态，1为故障报警状态，0为正常运行状态；d 0为设定的红外测距传感模块测距误差阈值；D为内帘幕收拢情况下，红外测距传感模块与第一反光板、第二反光板之间的实际距离；d f(x)为展开或收拢过程中红外测距传感模块与第一反光板之间的实时距离；d r(x)为展开或收拢过程中红外测距传感模块与第二反光板之间的实时距离；d f(c)为收拢完成后，红外测距传感模块与第一反光板之间的实时距离；d r(c)为收拢完成后，红外测距传感模块与第二反光板之间的实时距离；d f(s)为展开完成后，红外测距传感模块与第一反光板之间的实时距离；d r(s)为展开完成后，红外测距传感模块与第二反光板之间的实时距离。
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