WO2020133648A1 - 直流降压电路及直流降压方法 - Google Patents

直流降压电路及直流降压方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020133648A1
WO2020133648A1 PCT/CN2019/075522 CN2019075522W WO2020133648A1 WO 2020133648 A1 WO2020133648 A1 WO 2020133648A1 CN 2019075522 W CN2019075522 W CN 2019075522W WO 2020133648 A1 WO2020133648 A1 WO 2020133648A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
control
output
terminal
module
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PCT/CN2019/075522
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨勇
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深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2020133648A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020133648A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36Means for starting or stopping converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a DC step-down circuit and a DC step-down method.
  • liquid crystal display Liquid Crystal Display
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • other flat display devices are widely used in mobile phones, TVs, etc. due to their advantages of high image quality, power saving, thin body and wide application range.
  • Various consumer electronic products such as personal digital assistants, digital cameras, notebook computers, and desktop computers have become the mainstream in display devices.
  • liquid crystal display devices which include a liquid crystal display panel, a backlight module (backlight module) and a circuit board.
  • the working principle of the liquid crystal display panel is based on the thin film transistor array substrate (Thin Film Transistor Array Substrate, TFT Array Substrate) and color filter substrate (Color Filter Substrate, CF Substrate) is filled with liquid crystal molecules, and a driving voltage is applied to the two substrates to control the rotation direction of the liquid crystal molecules, so as to refract the light of the backlight module to generate a picture.
  • the voltage required for driving an existing liquid crystal display device is generally a low-voltage DC voltage. Therefore, a DC step-down circuit is generally provided in the liquid crystal display device to convert the high-voltage DC voltage into a low-voltage DC voltage for use by the liquid crystal display device .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing DC buck circuit.
  • the DC buck circuit includes a buck control module 100 and a power conversion module 200 electrically connected to the buck control module 100.
  • the control module 100 is connected to the input voltage VIN and starts to transmit pulse signals to the power conversion module 200 when the input voltage VIN is greater than a starting voltage.
  • the power conversion module 200 is connected to the input voltage VIN and controls the input under the control of the pulse signal
  • the voltage VIN is stepped down to generate the output voltage VOUT and output.
  • the current in the field effect tube (MOS tube) in the DC buck circuit is large, which easily triggers overcurrent protection.
  • the circuit can not work normally, and in the process of the input voltage VIN falling, when the input voltage VIN is very low, and the output load is large, the circuit in the MOS tube in the DC buck circuit is relatively easy to burn out.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a DC step-down circuit, which can avoid excessive current in the MOS tube in the circuit when the input voltage is too low and the load is large.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a DC voltage reduction method, which can avoid excessive current in the MOS tube in the circuit when the input voltage is too low and the load is large.
  • the present invention first provides a DC step-down circuit, including a step-down control module, a power conversion module and a start-up control module;
  • the input terminal of the step-down control module is connected to the input voltage, the control terminal is electrically connected to the input terminal of the startup control module, the first output terminal is electrically connected to the first control terminal of the startup control module, and the second output terminal is electrically connected to the power
  • the control terminal of the conversion module the second control terminal of the startup control module is connected to the input voltage, and the output terminal is grounded; the input terminal of the power conversion module is connected to the input voltage, and the output terminal outputs the output voltage;
  • the first output terminal When the voltage at the input terminal of the buck control module is greater than or equal to the preset start voltage, the first output terminal outputs the reference voltage and the buck control module charges its control terminal, otherwise the first output terminal outputs 0 and the buck control module does not Control terminal charging; when the voltage at the input terminal of the buck control module is greater than or equal to the preset start voltage and the voltage at the control terminal is greater than or equal to the preset soft start voltage, the second output terminal outputs a control signal to control the power conversion module to output the target voltage Output voltage, otherwise the second output terminal outputs 0 to control the power conversion module to output 0; when the voltage of the first control terminal of the startup control module is the reference voltage and the voltage of the second control terminal is less than the preset operating voltage, its input terminal and output Terminal, otherwise disconnect its input terminal from the output terminal; the starting voltage is less than the working voltage.
  • the buck control module includes a control chip; the input terminal of the buck control module is an input pin of the control chip, the control terminal of the buck control module is a soft start pin of the control chip, and the buck control
  • the first output terminal of the module is a reference voltage pin of the control chip, and the second output terminal of the buck control module is a control signal pin of the control chip;
  • the reference voltage pin When the voltage of the input pin of the control chip is greater than or equal to the preset start voltage, the reference voltage pin outputs the reference voltage and the control chip charges the soft start pin, otherwise the reference voltage pin outputs 0 and the control chip does not apply the soft start pin Charging; when the voltage of the input pin of the control chip is greater than or equal to the preset start voltage and the voltage of the soft start pin is greater than or equal to the preset soft start voltage, the control signal pin outputs the control signal to control the power conversion module to output the target voltage Output voltage, otherwise the control signal pin output 0 controls the power conversion module output 0.
  • the starting control module includes a first voltage dividing unit, a second voltage dividing unit, a third voltage dividing unit, a first MOS tube, a first capacitor, a voltage stabilizing diode, and a triode; one end of the first voltage dividing unit is a starting The first control terminal of the control module, the other end is electrically connected to the gate of the first MOS tube; the drain of the first MOS tube is the input terminal of the startup control module, and the source is the output terminal of the startup control module; the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode is Start the second control terminal of the control module, the positive electrode is electrically connected to one end of the second voltage dividing unit; the other end of the second voltage dividing unit is electrically connected to one end of the third voltage dividing unit; the other end of the third voltage dividing unit is grounded; One end of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the gate of the first MOS tube, and the other end is grounded; the base of the triode is electrically connected to the other end of the second voltage dividing unit, the
  • the first voltage dividing unit is a first resistor
  • the second voltage dividing unit is a second resistor
  • the third voltage dividing unit is a third resistor
  • the control signal pins of the control chip include a first control signal pin and a second control signal pin, and the first control signal pin and the second control signal pin are electrically connected to the first control terminal of the power conversion module, respectively And the second control terminal;
  • the first control signal pin and the second control signal pin are output respectively
  • the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal control the output of the power conversion module to be the output voltage of the target voltage, otherwise the first control signal pin and the second control signal pin both output 0, and the power conversion module outputs 0;
  • the power conversion module includes a second MOS tube, a third MOS tube and an inductor; the gate of the second MOS tube is the first control terminal of the power conversion module, the source is electrically connected to the drain of the third MOS tube, and the drain is the power The input terminal of the conversion module; the gate of the third MOS tube is the second control terminal of the power conversion module, the source is grounded, and the drain is electrically connected to one end of the inductor; the other end of the inductor is the output terminal of the power conversion module.
  • the DC voltage reduction circuit further includes an input filter module and an output filter module;
  • the input terminal of the buck control module and the input terminal of the power conversion module are respectively connected to the input voltage through the input filter module; the input filter module is used to filter the input voltage and then transmit it to the input terminal and power of the buck control module The input end of the transformation module;
  • the output filter module is electrically connected to the output end of the power conversion module, and is used to filter the output voltage output by the power conversion module.
  • the input filter module includes a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, and a sixth capacitor, and one end of each of the fourth capacitor, fifth capacitor, and sixth capacitor is connected to the input voltage and electrically connected to the input terminal of the buck control module , The other end of each is grounded;
  • the output filter module includes a seventh capacitor and an eighth capacitor. One end of each of the seventh capacitor and the eighth capacitor is connected to the output end of the power conversion module, and the other end of each is grounded.
  • the DC buck circuit further includes a feedback module; the input end of the feedback module is electrically connected to the output end of the power conversion module, and the output end is electrically connected to the feedback end of the buck control module; the feedback module is used for power conversion The output voltage of the module is detected and the corresponding feedback voltage is generated and transmitted to the feedback terminal of the buck control module;
  • the feedback voltage at the feedback terminal is detected, and the feedback voltage at the feedback terminal is The output control signal at the two output ends is adjusted to control the power conversion module to adjust the output voltage it outputs until the feedback voltage at the feedback end is equal to the standard feedback voltage corresponding to the target voltage.
  • the feedback module includes a sixth resistor and a seventh resistor, one end of the sixth resistor is the output end of the feedback module, and the other end is grounded; one end of the seventh resistor is electrically connected to one end of the sixth resistor, and the other end is The input of the feedback module.
  • the invention also provides a DC voltage reduction method, including the following steps:
  • Step S1 providing the above-mentioned DC step-down circuit
  • Step S2 the input voltage rises from 0 and is less than the start voltage, the first output terminal of the buck control module outputs 0 and the buck control module does not charge its control terminal, the start control module disconnects its input terminal from the output terminal, The second output of the buck control module outputs 0 to control the power conversion module to output 0;
  • Step S3 the input voltage rises to be greater than or equal to the starting voltage and less than the operating voltage, the first output terminal of the buck control module outputs a reference voltage and the buck control module charges its control terminal, and the start control module outputs its input and output End connection, the second output end of the buck control module outputs 0 to control the power conversion module to output 0;
  • Step S4 The input voltage rises to be greater than or equal to the operating voltage, the first output terminal of the buck control module outputs a reference voltage and the buck control module charges its control terminal, and the startup control module disconnects its input terminal from the output terminal.
  • the voltage of the control terminal of the buck control module continues to rise.
  • the second output terminal of the buck control module outputs a control signal to control the power conversion module to output the output voltage of the target voltage .
  • the input voltage gradually rises from 0, and when the input voltage rises to greater than or equal to the starting voltage and less than the operating voltage, the first output terminal of the buck control module outputs the reference Voltage, the start control module connects its input end to the output end to ground the control end of the buck control module, so that the second output end of the buck control module outputs 0, when the input voltage continues to rise until it is greater than or equal to the operating voltage, start control The module disconnects its input terminal from the output terminal to disconnect the control terminal of the buck control module from the ground terminal.
  • the buck control module charges its control terminal to greater than or equal to the soft start voltage, it is output by its second output terminal
  • the control signal controls the output of the power conversion module to the output voltage of the target voltage, which can prevent the current in the MOS tube in the circuit from being too large when the input voltage is too low and the load is large.
  • the DC voltage reduction method of the present invention can avoid excessive current in the MOS tube in the circuit when the input voltage is too low and the load is large.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing DC buck circuit
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the DC buck circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the DC step-down circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control chip in the DC buck circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the DC voltage reduction method of the present invention.
  • a direct current step-down circuit of the present invention includes a step-down control module 10 ⁇ Power conversion module 20 And start control module 30 .
  • the buck control module 10 The input of the input voltage Vin , The control terminal is electrically connected to start the control module 30 Input terminal, the first output terminal is electrically connected to the startup control module 30 The first control terminal and the second output terminal are electrically connected to the power conversion module 20 Control side.
  • the start control module 30 The second control terminal is connected to the input voltage Vin , The output is grounded.
  • the power conversion module 20 The input of the input voltage Vin , Output voltage output Vout .
  • the buck control module 10 When the voltage at the input terminal is greater than or equal to the preset starting voltage, the first output terminal outputs the reference voltage and the buck control module 10 Charge its control terminal, otherwise the first output terminal outputs 0 And the buck control module 10 The control terminal is not charged.
  • the buck control module 10 When the voltage at the input terminal is greater than or equal to the preset start voltage and the voltage at the control terminal is greater than or equal to the preset soft start voltage, the second output terminal outputs a control signal to control the power conversion module 20 The output voltage is the output voltage of the target voltage Vout , Otherwise the second output will output 0 Control power conversion module 20 Output 0 .
  • the buck control module 10 Including control chip U1 .
  • the buck control module 10 Is the control chip U1 Input pin IN ,
  • the buck control module 10 The control terminal is the control chip U1 Soft start pin SS ,
  • the buck control module 10 The first output is the control chip U1 Reference pin REF ,
  • the buck control module 10 The second output is the control chip U1 Control signal pin.
  • the control chip U1 Input pin IN When the voltage is greater than or equal to the preset start voltage, the reference voltage pin REF Output reference voltage and control chip U1 Soft start pin SS Charging, otherwise the reference voltage pin REF Output 0 And control chip U1 Wrong soft start pin SS Charge.
  • control signal pin When the control chip U1 Input pin IN The voltage is greater than or equal to the preset start voltage and the soft start pin SS When the voltage is greater than or equal to the preset soft start voltage, the control signal pin outputs a control signal to control the power conversion module 20 The output voltage is the output voltage of the target voltage Vout , Otherwise control signal pin output 0 Control power conversion module 20 Output 0 .
  • the start control module 30 Including the first voltage dividing unit 31 ⁇ Second voltage dividing unit 32 ⁇ The third voltage dividing unit 33 ,the first MOS tube Q1 , The first capacitor C1 ,Zener diode D1 Triode T1 .
  • the first voltage dividing unit 31 One end is the start control module 30 The first control terminal, the other end is electrically connected to the first MOS tube Q1 Gate. the first MOS tube Q1
  • the drain is the start control module 30
  • the input terminal of the source is the starting control module 30 Output.
  • Zener diode D1 The negative pole is the start control module 30
  • the second control terminal, the positive electrode is electrically connected to the second voltage dividing unit 32 At the end.
  • Second voltage dividing unit 32 The other end is electrically connected to the third voltage dividing unit 33 At the end.
  • Third voltage dividing unit 33 The other end is grounded.
  • First capacitor C1 One end is electrically connected to the first MOS tube Q1 , The other end is grounded.
  • Triode T1 Of the base is electrically connected to the second voltage dividing unit 32 At the other end, the emitter is grounded and the collector is electrically connected to the first MOS tube Q1 Gate.
  • the working voltage is greater than the voltage stabilizing diode D1 Reverse breakdown voltage when the Zener diode D1 When the voltage of the negative electrode is greater than or equal to the working voltage, the transistor T1 Turn on.
  • the starting voltage is 5.5V
  • the reference voltage is 5V
  • the reverse breakdown voltage is 7.5V .
  • the first voltage dividing unit 31 Is the first resistance R1
  • the second voltage dividing unit 32 Is the second resistor R2
  • the third voltage dividing unit 33 Is the third resistor R3 .
  • the control chip U1 Of the control signal pins include the first control signal pin HG And the second control signal pin LG , The first control signal pin HG And the second control signal pin LG Connect power conversion modules separately 20 The first control terminal and the second control terminal.
  • the control chip U1 Input pin IN The voltage is greater than or equal to the preset start voltage and the soft start pin SS
  • the output voltage is the output voltage of the target voltage Vout , Otherwise the first control signal pin HG And the second control signal pin LG Output 0 Control power conversion module 20 Output 0 .
  • the power conversion module 20 Including second MOS tube Q2 ,third MOS tube Q3 And inductance L1 .
  • second MOS tube Q2 Is the power conversion module 20 The first control terminal, the source is electrically connected to the third MOS tube Q3 The drain of the power conversion module 20 Input.
  • third MOS tube Q3 Is the power conversion module 20 The second control terminal, the source is grounded, the drain is electrically connected to the inductor L1 At the end. inductance 10 The other end is the power conversion module 20 Output.
  • the DC buck circuit also includes an input filter module 40 And output filter module 50 .
  • the buck control module 10 Input end and power conversion module 20 The input terminals of the 40 Input voltage Vin .
  • the input filtering module 40 Used for input voltage Vin After filtering, it is transmitted to the buck control module 10 Input end and power conversion module 20 Input.
  • the output filtering module 50 Electrically connected power conversion module 20 Output of the power conversion module 20 Output voltage Vout Perform filtering.
  • the input filter module 40 Including the fourth capacitor C4 5th capacitor C5 And the sixth capacitor C6 , The fourth capacitor C4 5th capacitor C5 And the sixth capacitor C6 Each end is connected to the input voltage Vin Parallel connection to buck control module 10 , The other end of each is grounded.
  • the output filtering module 50 Including the seventh capacitor C7 And the eighth capacitor C8 , The seventh capacitor C7 And the eighth capacitor C8 Each end is connected to a power conversion module 20 , The other end of each is grounded.
  • the DC buck circuit also includes a feedback module 60 .
  • the feedback module 60 The input of the is electrically connected to the power conversion module 20 Output terminal, the output terminal is electrically connected to the buck control module 10 Feedback side.
  • the feedback module 60 Used for power conversion module 20 The output voltage of the sensor is detected and the corresponding feedback voltage is generated and transmitted to the buck control module 10 Feedback side.
  • the buck control module 10 When the voltage of the input terminal is greater than or equal to the preset start voltage and the voltage of the control terminal is greater than or equal to the preset soft start voltage, the feedback voltage of the feedback terminal is detected, and the second output terminal is output controlled according to the feedback voltage of the feedback terminal The signal is adjusted to control the power conversion module 20 Output voltage Vout Adjust until the feedback voltage at the feedback terminal is equal to the standard feedback voltage corresponding to the target voltage.
  • the feedback module 60 Including the sixth resistor R6 And the seventh resistor R7 ,
  • the sixth resistor R6 One end is the feedback module 60 , The other end is grounded.
  • the seventh resistor R7 One end is electrically connected to the sixth resistor R6 At one end and the feedback module at the other end 60 Input.
  • the control chip U1 Includes reference voltage generating unit 11 Logic unit 12 And drive unit 13 .
  • the reference voltage generating unit 11 Is the control chip U1 Input pin IN ,
  • the output is the control chip U1 Reference pin REF Parallel connection to logic unit 12 And drive unit 13 Input.
  • Logical unit 12 The output end is electrically connected to the drive unit 13 Control side.
  • Drive unit 13 The control terminal is the control chip U1 Soft start pin SS ,
  • the first output is the control chip U1 The first control signal pin HG ,
  • the second output is the control chip U1 Second control signal pin LG .
  • the output terminal output reference voltage is a logic unit 12 And drive unit 13 Power supply, otherwise output output 0 .
  • Logical unit 12 When the input of the input is connected to the reference voltage 13 The control terminal is charged, otherwise the drive unit is not 13 The control terminal is charged.
  • the drive unit 13 When the input of the input is connected to the reference voltage and the voltage of the control terminal is greater than or equal to the soft start voltage, the first output terminal and the second output terminal respectively output the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal to control the power conversion module 20 The output voltage is the output voltage of the target voltage Vout , Otherwise both the first output and the second output 0 Control power conversion module 20 Output 0 .
  • the buck control module 10 also includes the second capacitor C2 , The third capacitor C3 4th resistance R4 5th resistance R5 .
  • the second capacitor C2 One end is electrically connected to the control chip U1 Soft start pin SS , The other end is grounded.
  • the third capacitor C3 One end is electrically connected to the control chip U1 Reference pin REF , The other end is grounded.
  • the fourth resistor R4 One end is electrically connected to the control chip U1 The first control signal pin HG , The other end is electrically connected to the power conversion module 20 The first control terminal, and thus the first control signal pin HG Via the fourth resistor R4 Electrically connected power conversion module 20 The first control terminal.
  • the fifth resistor R5 One end is electrically connected to the control chip U1 Second control signal pin LG , The other end is electrically connected to the power conversion module 20 The second control terminal, and thus the second control signal pin LG After the fifth resistor R5 Electrically connected power conversion module 20 The second control terminal.
  • the buck control module 10 also includes the ninth capacitor C9 10th capacitor C10 And the eighth resistor R8 .
  • Ninth capacitor C9 One end is electrically connected to the control chip U1 Current limit threshold adjustment pin ILIM , The other end is electrically connected to the control chip U1 Input pin IN .
  • Tenth capacitor C10 One end is electrically connected to the control chip U1 Bootstrap pin BST , The other end is electrically connected to the second MOS tube Q2 The source.
  • Eighth resistance R8 And the ninth capacitor C9 The two ends are electrically connected.
  • the second capacitor C2 With the control chip U1 Ground pin GND Electrical connection.
  • the tenth capacitor C10 With the control chip U1 Conversion pin SW Electrical connection.
  • the input voltage Vin by 0 Gradually rise in the input voltage Vin Transistor less than the starting voltage, transistor T1 Cut-off, control chip U1 Input pin IN Voltage is less than the starting voltage, at this time control chip U1 Reference pin REF Output 0 ,the first MOS tube Q1 Cut-off, control chip U1 Control signal pin output 0 , Power conversion module 20 The output is 0 Output voltage Vout .
  • the present invention also provides a DC voltage reduction method, including the following steps:
  • step S1 Please refer to the picture 2 To figure 4 To provide the above-mentioned DC step-down circuit, the structure of the DC step-down circuit will not be described repeatedly here.
  • step S2 The input voltage Vin by 0 Rise and less than the starting voltage, buck control module 10 Output of the first output 0 And the buck control module 10 Start the control module without charging its control terminal 30 Disconnect its input and output to make the buck control module 10 The control terminal and the ground terminal are disconnected, the buck control module 10 Output of the second output 0 Control power conversion module 20 Output 0 .
  • step S3 The input voltage Vin Rise to greater than or equal to the starting voltage and less than the operating voltage, the buck control module 10
  • the first output end of the output of the reference voltage and the buck control module 10 Charge its control terminal and start the control module 30 Connect its input and output to make the buck control module 10
  • the control terminal is grounded and the buck control module 10 Output of the second output 0 Control power conversion module 20 Output 0 .
  • the steps S3 Medium and triode T1 Due to the control chip U1 Input pin IN The voltage is greater than or equal to the starting voltage, the control chip U1 Reference pin REF Output reference voltage, first MOS tube Q1 On, soft start pin SS Ground.
  • step S4 The input voltage Vin Rise to greater than or equal to working voltage, buck control module 10
  • the first output end of the output of the reference voltage and the buck control module 10 Charge its control terminal and start the control module 30 Disconnect its input end from output end, step-down control module 10
  • the control terminal voltage continues to rise, when the buck control module 10
  • the buck control module 10 The second output terminal outputs a control signal to control the power conversion module 20
  • the output voltage is the output voltage of the target voltage Vout .
  • the steps S4 Medium voltage regulator diode D1 Reverse breakdown T1 Turn on, first MOS tube Q1 Gate is grounded and cut off, control chip U1 Soft start pin SS Charge to make its voltage rise, when the soft start pin SS When the voltage is greater than or equal to the soft start voltage, the control chip U1 Make the control signal pin output pulse signal to control the power conversion module 20
  • the output voltage is the output voltage of the target voltage Vout , At this time the input voltage Vin
  • the voltage value of is already large, so even if the load is large, the power conversion module in the DC buck circuit 20 Chinese second MOS tube Q2 And third MOS tube Q3
  • the current in will also be very small, will not trigger overcurrent protection, to ensure that the circuit can work normally, through the voltage regulator diode D1 Reverse breakdown voltage, second voltage divider unit 32 Second resistance R2 Resistance value, third voltage divider unit 33 Third resistance R3
  • the resistance value can be selected to be able to set the transistor T1 Corresponding input voltage when conducting Vin
  • the voltage value of
  • the input voltage is 0 Gradually rising, when the input voltage rises to greater than or equal to the starting voltage and less than the operating voltage, the first output terminal of the buck control module outputs the reference voltage, and the start control module connects its input terminal to the output terminal to control the buck control module The terminal is grounded, so that the second output terminal of the buck control module outputs 0
  • the startup control module disconnects its input and output terminals to disconnect the control terminal of the buck control module from the ground terminal, and then when the buck control module charges its control terminal
  • the soft start voltage is greater than or equal to the soft start voltage
  • the output signal of the second output terminal controls the output voltage of the power conversion module to the target voltage, which can avoid the input voltage is too low and the load is large.
  • MOS The current in the tube is too large.
  • the DC voltage reduction method of the present invention can avoid the circuit in the circuit when the input voltage is too low and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种直流降压电路及直流降压方法。本发明的直流降压电路在工作时,输入电压由0逐渐上升,当输入电压上升至大于等于启动电压且小于工作电压时,降压控制模块的第一输出端输出基准电压,启动控制模块将其输入端与输出端连接从而将降压控制模块的控制端接地,使得降压控制模块的第二输出端输出0,当输入电压继续上升直至大于等于工作电压,启动控制模块将其输入端与输出端断开从而将降压控制模块的控制端与接地端断开,此后当降压控制模块将其控制端充电至大于等于软启动电压时由其第二输出端输出控制信号控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压,能够避免输入电压过低且负载较大时电路中的MOS管中电流过大。

Description

直流降压电路及直流降压方法 技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域,尤其涉及一种直流降压电路及直流降压方法。
背景技术
随着显示技术的发展,液晶显示装置(Liquid Crystal Display,LCD)等平面显示装置因具有高画质、省电、机身薄及应用范围广等优点,而被广泛地应用于手机、电视、个人数字助理、数字相机、笔记本电脑、台式计算机等各种消费性电子产品,成为显示装置中的主流。
现有市场上的液晶显示装置大部分为背光型液晶显示装置,其包括液晶显示面板、背光模组(backlight module)及电路板。液晶显示面板的工作原理是在薄膜晶体管阵列基板(Thin Film Transistor Array Substrate,TFT Array Substrate)与彩色滤光片基板(Color Filter Substrate,CF Substrate)之间灌入液晶分子,并在两片基板上施加驱动电压来控制液晶分子的旋转方向,以将背光模组的光线折射出来产生画面。
现有的液晶显示装置驱动所需求的电压一般为低压的直流电压,因此,一般会在液晶显示装置中设置直流降压电路以将高压的直流电压转换为低压的直流电压以供液晶显示装置使用。
请参阅图1,为一种现有的直流降压电路的结构示意图,该直流降压电路包括降压控制模块100及与降压控制模块100电性连接的功率变换模块200,所述降压控制模块100接入输入电压VIN,并在输入电压VIN大于一启动电压时开始向功率变换模块200传输脉冲信号,所述功率变换模块200接入输入电压VIN,并在脉冲信号的控制下对输入电压VIN进行降压处理产生输出电压VOUT并输出。在输入电压VIN上升的过程中,当输入电压VIN很低,而输出负载较大的情况下,直流降压电路中的场效应管(MOS管)中的电流较大,容易触发过电流保护导致电路无法正常工作,而在输入电压VIN下降的过程中,当输入电压VIN很低,而输出负载较大的情况下,直流降压电路中的MOS管中的电路较大容易发生烧毁的问题。
技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种直流降压电路,能够避免输入电压过低且负载较大时电路中MOS管中电流过大。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种直流降压方法,能够避免输入电压过低且负载较大时电路中MOS管中电流过大。
技术解决方案
为实现上述目的,本发明首先提供一种直流降压电路,包括降压控制模块、功率变换模块及启动控制模块;
所述降压控制模块的输入端接入输入电压,控制端电性连接启动控制模块的输入端,第一输出端电性连接启动控制模块的第一控制端,第二输出端电性连接功率变换模块的控制端;所述启动控制模块的第二控制端接入输入电压,输出端接地;所述功率变换模块的输入端接入输入电压,输出端输出输出电压;
当降压控制模块的输入端的电压大于等于预设的启动电压时,第一输出端输出基准电压并且降压控制模块对其控制端充电,否则第一输出端输出0并且降压控制模块不对其控制端充电;当降压控制模块的输入端的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且其控制端的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,第二输出端输出控制信号控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压,否则第二输出端输出0控制功率变换模块输出0;当启动控制模块的第一控制端的电压为基准电压且第二控制端的电压小于预设的工作电压时将其输入端与输出端连接,否则将其输入端与输出端断开;所述启动电压小于工作电压。
所述降压控制模块包括控制芯片;所述降压控制模块的输入端为控制芯片的输入引脚,所述降压控制模块的控制端为控制芯片的软启动引脚,所述降压控制模块的第一输出端为控制芯片的基准电压引脚,所述降压控制模块的第二输出端为控制芯片的控制信号引脚;
当控制芯片的输入引脚的电压大于等于预设的启动电压时,基准电压引脚输出基准电压并且控制芯片对软启动引脚充电,否则基准电压引脚输出0并且控制芯片不对软启动引脚充电;当控制芯片的输入引脚的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且软启动引脚的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,控制信号引脚输出控制信号控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压,否则控制信号引脚输出0控制功率变换模块输出0。
所述启动控制模块包括第一分压单元、第二分压单元、第三分压单元、第一MOS管、第一电容、稳压二极管、三极管;所述第一分压单元的一端为启动控制模块的第一控制端,另一端电性连接第一MOS管的栅极;第一MOS管的漏极为启动控制模块的输入端,源极为启动控制模块的输出端;稳压二极管的负极为启动控制模块的第二控制端,正极电性连接第二分压单元的一端;第二分压单元的另一端电性连接第三分压单元的一端;第三分压单元的另一端接地;第一电容的一端电性连接第一MOS管的栅极,另一端接地;三极管的基极电性连接第二分压单元的另一端,发射极接地,集电极电性连接第一MOS管的栅极;所述工作电压大于稳压二极管的反向击穿电压,当稳压二极管的负极的电压大于等于工作电压时,三极管导通。
所述第一分压单元为第一电阻,所述第二分压单元为第二电阻,所述第三分压单元为第三电阻。
所述控制芯片的控制信号引脚包括第一控制信号引脚及第二控制信号引脚,该第一控制信号引脚及第二控制信号引脚分别电性连接功率变换模块的第一控制端及第二控制端;
当所述控制芯片的输入引脚的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且软启动引脚的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,第一控制信号引脚及第二控制信号引脚分别输出第一脉冲信号及第二脉冲信号,控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压,否则第一控制信号引脚及第二控制信号引脚均输出0控制功率变换模块输出0;
所述功率变换模块包括第二MOS管、第三MOS管及电感;第二MOS管的栅极为功率变换模块的第一控制端,源极电性连接第三MOS管的漏极,漏极为功率变换模块的输入端;第三MOS管的栅极为功率变换模块的第二控制端,源极接地,漏极电性连接电感的一端;电感的另一端为功率变换模块的输出端。
所述直流降压电路,还包括输入滤波模块及输出滤波模块;
所述降压控制模块的输入端及功率变换模块的输入端分别经输入滤波模块接入输入电压;所述输入滤波模块用于对输入电压进行滤波后传输至降压控制模块的输入端及功率变换模块的输入端;
所述输出滤波模块电性连接功率变换模块的输出端,用于对功率变换模块输出的输出电压进行滤波。
所述输入滤波模块包括第四电容、第五电容及第六电容,所述第四电容、第五电容及第六电容各自的一端均接入输入电压并电性连接降压控制模块的输入端,各自的另一端均接地;
所述输出滤波模块包括第七电容及第八电容,所述第七电容及第八电容各自的一端均连接功率变换模块的输出端,各自的另一端均接地。
所述直流降压电路还包括反馈模块;所述反馈模块的输入端电性连接功率变换模块的输出端,输出端电性连接降压控制模块的反馈端;所述反馈模块用于对功率变换模块的输出端电压进行侦测并产生对应的反馈电压传输至降压控制模块的反馈端;
当降压控制模块的输入端的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且其控制端的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,对其反馈端的反馈电压进行侦测,依据其反馈端的反馈电压对其第二输出端输出控制信号进行调整以控制功率变换模块对其输出的输出电压进行调整,直至反馈端的反馈电压等于与目标电压对应的标准反馈电压。
所述反馈模块包括第六电阻及第七电阻,所述第六电阻的一端为反馈模块的输出端,另一端接地;所述第七电阻的一端电性连接第六电阻的一端,另一端为反馈模块的输入端。
本发明还提供一种直流降压方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤S1、提供上述的直流降压电路;
步骤S2、所述输入电压由0上升且小于启动电压,降压控制模块的第一输出端输出0并且降压控制模块不对其控制端充电,启动控制模块将其输入端与输出端断开,降压控制模块的第二输出端输出0控制功率变换模块输出0;
步骤S3、所述输入电压上升至大于等于启动电压且小于工作电压,降压控制模块的第一输出端输出基准电压并且降压控制模块对其控制端充电,启动控制模块将其输入端与输出端连接,降压控制模块的第二输出端输出0控制功率变换模块输出0;
步骤S4、所述输入电压上升至大于等于工作电压,降压控制模块的第一输出端输出基准电压并且降压控制模块对其控制端充电,启动控制模块将其输入端与输出端断开,降压控制模块的控制端电压不断上升,当降压控制模块的控制端电压大于等于软启动电压时,降压控制模块的第二输出端输出控制信号控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压。
有益效果
本发明的有益效果:本发明的直流降压电路在工作时,输入电压由0逐渐上升,当输入电压上升至大于等于启动电压且小于工作电压时,降压控制模块的第一输出端输出基准电压,启动控制模块将其输入端与输出端连接从而将降压控制模块的控制端接地,使得降压控制模块的第二输出端输出0,当输入电压继续上升直至大于等于工作电压,启动控制模块将其输入端与输出端断开从而将降压控制模块的控制端与接地端断开,此后当降压控制模块将其控制端充电至大于等于软启动电压时由其第二输出端输出控制信号控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压,能够避免输入电压过低且负载较大时电路中的MOS管中电流过大。本发明的直流降压方法能够避免输入电压过低且负载较大时电路中MOS管中电流过大。
附图说明
为了能更进一步了解本发明的特征以及技术内容,请参阅以下有关本发明的详细说明与附图,然而附图仅提供参考与说明用,并非用来对本发明加以限制。
附图中,
图1为现有的直流降压电路的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的直流降压电路的结构示意图;
图3为本发明的直流降压电路的电路图;
图4为本发明的直流降压电路中控制芯片的结构示意图;
图5为本发明的直流降压方法的流程图。
本发明的实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明所采取的技术手段及其效果,以下结合本发明的优选实施例及其附图进行详细描述。
请参阅图 2 及图 3 ,本发明一种直流降压电路,包括降压控制模块 10 、功率变换模块 20 及启动控制模块 30
所述降压控制模块 10 的输入端接入输入电压 Vin ,控制端电性连接启动控制模块 30 的输入端,第一输出端电性连接启动控制模块 30 的第一控制端,第二输出端电性连接功率变换模块 20 的控制端。所述启动控制模块 30 的第二控制端接入输入电压 Vin ,输出端接地。所述功率变换模块 20 的输入端接入输入电压 Vin ,输出端输出输出电压 Vout
当降压控制模块 10 的输入端的电压大于等于预设的启动电压时,第一输出端输出基准电压并且降压控制模块 10 对其控制端充电,否则第一输出端输出 0 并且降压控制模块 10 不对其控制端充电。当降压控制模块 10 的输入端的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且其控制端的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,第二输出端输出控制信号控制功率变换模块 20 输出为目标电压的输出电压 Vout ,否则第二输出端输出 0 控制功率变换模块 20 输出 0 。当启动控制模块 30 的第一控制端的电压为基准电压且第二控制端的电压小于预设的工作电压时将其输入端与输出端连接,否则将其输入端与输出端断开。所述启动电压小于工作电压。
具体地,请参阅图 3 ,所述降压控制模块 10 包括控制芯片 U1 。所述降压控制模块 10 的输入端为控制芯片 U1 的输入引脚 IN ,所述降压控制模块 10 的控制端为控制芯片 U1 的软启动引脚 SS ,所述降压控制模块 10 的第一输出端为控制芯片 U1 的基准电压引脚 REF ,所述降压控制模块 10 的第二输出端为控制芯片 U1 的控制信号引脚。当控制芯片 U1 的输入引脚 IN 的电压大于等于预设的启动电压时,基准电压引脚 REF 输出基准电压并且控制芯片 U1 对软启动引脚 SS 充电,否则基准电压引脚 REF 输出 0 并且控制芯片 U1 不对软启动引脚 SS 充电。当控制芯片 U1 的输入引脚 IN 的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且软启动引脚 SS 的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,控制信号引脚输出控制信号控制功率变换模块 20 输出为目标电压的输出电压 Vout ,否则控制信号引脚输出 0 控制功率变换模块 20 输出 0
具体地,请参阅图 3 ,所述启动控制模块 30 包括第一分压单元 31 、第二分压单元 32 、第三分压单元 33 、第一 MOS Q1 、第一电容 C1 、稳压二极管 D1 、三极管 T1 。所述第一分压单元 31 的一端为启动控制模块 30 的第一控制端,另一端电性连接第一 MOS Q1 的栅极。第一 MOS Q1 的漏极为启动控制模块 30 的输入端,源极为启动控制模块 30 的输出端。稳压二极管 D1 的负极为启动控制模块 30 的第二控制端,正极电性连接第二分压单元 32 的一端。第二分压单元 32 的另一端电性连接第三分压单元 33 的一端。第三分压单元 33 的另一端接地。第一电容 C1 的一端电性连接第一 MOS Q1 的栅极,另一端接地。三极管 T1 的基极电性连接第二分压单元 32 的另一端,发射极接地,集电极电性连接第一 MOS Q1 的栅极。所述工作电压大于稳压二极管 D1 的反向击穿电压,当稳压二极管 D1 的负极的电压大于等于工作电压时,三极管 T1 导通。
优选地,所述启动电压为 5.5V ,基准电压为 5V ,稳压二极管 D1 的反向击穿电压为 7.5V
优选地,所述第一分压单元 31 为第一电阻 R1 ,所述第二分压单元 32 为第二电阻 R2 ,所述第三分压单元 33 为第三电阻 R3
具体地,请参阅图 3 ,所述控制芯片 U1 的控制信号引脚包括第一控制信号引脚 HG 及第二控制信号引脚 LG ,该第一控制信号引脚 HG 及第二控制信号引脚 LG 分别电性连接功率变换模块 20 的第一控制端及第二控制端。当所述控制芯片 U1 的输入引脚 IN 的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且软启动引脚 SS 的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,第一控制信号引脚 HG 及第二控制信号引脚 LG 分别输出第一脉冲信号及第二脉冲信号,控制功率变换模块 20 输出为目标电压的输出电压 Vout ,否则第一控制信号引脚 HG 及第二控制信号引脚 LG 均输出 0 控制功率变换模块 20 输出 0
具体地,请参阅图 3 ,所述功率变换模块 20 包括第二 MOS Q2 、第三 MOS Q3 及电感 L1 。第二 MOS Q2 的栅极为功率变换模块 20 的第一控制端,源极电性连接第三 MOS Q3 的漏极,漏极为功率变换模块 20 的输入端。第三 MOS Q3 的栅极为功率变换模块 20 的第二控制端,源极接地,漏极电性连接电感 L1 的一端。电感 10 的另一端为功率变换模块 20 的输出端。
具体地,请参阅图 2 及图 3 ,所述直流降压电路还包括输入滤波模块 40 及输出滤波模块 50 。所述降压控制模块 10 的输入端及功率变换模块 20 的输入端分别经输入滤波模块 40 接入输入电压 Vin 。所述输入滤波模块 40 用于对输入电压 Vin 进行滤波后传输至降压控制模块 10 的输入端及功率变换模块 20 的输入端。所述输出滤波模块 50 电性连接功率变换模块 20 的输出端,用于对功率变换模块 20 输出的输出电压 Vout 进行滤波。
进一步地,请参阅图 3 ,所述输入滤波模块 40 包括第四电容 C4 、第五电容 C5 及第六电容 C6 ,所述第四电容 C4 、第五电容 C5 及第六电容 C6 各自的一端均接入输入电压 Vin 并电性连接降压控制模块 10 的输入端,各自的另一端均接地。所述输出滤波模块 50 包括第七电容 C7 及第八电容 C8 ,所述第七电容 C7 及第八电容 C8 各自的一端均连接功率变换模块 20 的输出端,各自的另一端均接地。
具体地,请参阅图 2 及图 3 ,所述直流降压电路还包括反馈模块 60 。所述反馈模块 60 的输入端电性连接功率变换模块 20 的输出端,输出端电性连接降压控制模块 10 的反馈端。所述反馈模块 60 用于对功率变换模块 20 的输出端电压进行侦测并产生对应的反馈电压传输至降压控制模块 10 的反馈端。当降压控制模块 10 的输入端的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且其控制端的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,对其反馈端的反馈电压进行侦测,依据其反馈端的反馈电压对其第二输出端输出控制信号进行调整以控制功率变换模块 20 对其输出的输出电压 Vout 进行调整,直至反馈端的反馈电压等于与目标电压对应的标准反馈电压。
进一步地,请参阅图 3 ,所述反馈模块 60 包括第六电阻 R6 及第七电阻 R7 ,所述第六电阻 R6 的一端为反馈模块 60 的输出端,另一端接地。所述第七电阻 R7 的一端电性连接第六电阻 R6 的一端,另一端为反馈模块 60 的输入端。
具体地,请参阅图 4 ,所述控制芯片 U1 包括基准电压产生单元 11 、逻辑单元 12 及驱动单元 13 。所述基准电压产生单元 11 的输入端为控制芯片 U1 的输入引脚 IN ,输出端为控制芯片 U1 的基准电压引脚 REF 并电性连接逻辑单元 12 及驱动单元 13 的输入端。逻辑单元 12 的输出端电性连接驱动单元 13 的控制端。驱动单元 13 的控制端为控制芯片 U1 的软启动引脚 SS ,第一输出端为控制芯片 U1 的第一控制信号引脚 HG ,第二输出端为控制芯片 U1 的第二控制信号引脚 LG 。当基准电压产生单元 11 的输入端的电压大于等于预设的启动电压时,输出端输出基准电压为逻辑单元 12 及驱动单元 13 进行供电,否则输出端输出 0 。当逻辑单元 12 的输入端接入基准电压时对驱动单元 13 的控制端充电,否则不对驱动单元 13 的控制端充电。当驱动单元 13 的输入端接入基准电压且其控制端的电压大于等于软启动电压时,第一输出端及第二输出端分别输出第一脉冲信号及第二脉冲信号控制功率变换模块 20 输出为目标电压的输出电压 Vout ,否则第一输出端及第二输出端均输出 0 控制功率变换模块 20 输出 0
具体地,请参阅图 3 ,所述降压控制模块 10 还包括第二电容 C2 、第三电容 C3 、第四电阻 R4 、第五电阻 R5 。所述第二电容 C2 的一端电性连接控制芯片 U1 的软启动引脚 SS ,另一端接地。所述第三电容 C3 的一端电性连接控制芯片 U1 的基准电压引脚 REF ,另一端接地。所述第四电阻 R4 的一端电性连接控制芯片 U1 的第一控制信号引脚 HG ,另一端电性连接功率变换模块 20 的第一控制端,从而第一控制信号引脚 HG 经第四电阻 R4 电性连接功率变换模块 20 的第一控制端。所述第五电阻 R5 的一端电性连接控制芯片 U1 的第二控制信号引脚 LG ,另一端电性连接功率变换模块 20 的第二控制端,从而第二控制信号引脚 LG 经第五电阻 R5 电性连接功率变换模块 20 的第二控制端。
具体地,请参阅图 3 ,所述降压控制模块 10 还包括第九电容 C9 、第十电容 C10 及第八电阻 R8 。第九电容 C9 的一端电性连接控制芯片 U1 的电流限制门限调整引脚 ILIM ,另一端电性连接控制芯片 U1 的输入引脚 IN 。第十电容 C10 的一端电性连接控制芯片 U1 的自举引脚 BST ,另一端电性连接第二 MOS Q2 的源极。第八电阻 R8 的两端分别与第九电容 C9 的两端电性连接。所述第二电容 C2 的另一端还与控制芯片 U1 的接地引脚 GND 电性连接。所述第十电容 C10 的另一端还与控制芯片 U1 的转换引脚 SW 电性连接。
需要说明的是,本发明的直流降压电路在开始工作时,输入电压 Vin 0 逐渐上升,在输入电压 Vin 小于启动电压的阶段,三极管 T1 截止,控制芯片 U1 的输入引脚 IN 的电压小于启动电压,此时控制芯片 U1 的基准电压引脚 REF 输出 0 ,第一 MOS Q1 截止,控制芯片 U1 的控制信号引脚输出 0 ,功率变换模块 20 输出为 0 的输出电压 Vout 。当输入电压 Vin 上升至启动电压,三极管 T1 截止,控制芯片 U1 的基准电压引脚 REF 输出基准电压,第一 MOS Q1 导通,软启动引脚 SS 接地,虽然控制芯片 U1 开始对软启动引脚 SS 充电,但由于软启动引脚 SS 接地,始终为接地端电压,此时控制芯片 U1 的控制信号引脚输出 0 ,功率变换模块 20 输出为 0 的输出电压 Vout ,当所述输入电压 Vin 继续上升至工作电压,稳压二极管 D1 反向击穿使三极管 T1 导通,第一 MOS Q1 的栅极接地而截止,控制芯片 U1 对软启动引脚 SS 进行充电使其电压上升,当软启动引脚 SS 的电压大于等于软启动电压时,控制芯片 U1 使其控制信号引脚输出脉冲信号控制功率变换模块 20 输出为目标电压的输出电压 Vout ,此时输入电压 Vin 的电压值已经很大,因此即使负载较大,直流降压电路中功率变换模块 20 中第二 MOS Q2 及第三 MOS Q3 中的电流也会很小,不会触发过电流保护,保证该电路可以正常工作,通过对稳压二极管 D1 的反向击穿电压、第二分压单元 32 也即第二电阻 R2 的电阻值、第三分压单元 33 也即第三电阻 R3 的电阻值进行选择,能够设置三极管 T1 导通时对应的输入电压 Vin 的电压值也即工作电压,通过对第一电容 C1 的电容值进行选择,能够对控制芯片 U1 使其控制信号引脚输出脉冲信号的时刻进行设置。另外,当输入电压 Vin 的电压下降时,三极管 T1 会首先关闭,从而使得软启动引脚 SS 再次接地,导致控制芯片 U1 的控制信号引脚输出 0 ,能够防止输入电压 Vin 掉电过程中由于输入电压 Vin 过低导致的电流过大使得功率变换模块 20 中第二 MOS Q2 及第三 MOS Q3 烧毁,提升电路的可靠性。
请参阅图 5 ,基于同一发明构思,本发明还提供一种直流降压方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤 S1 、请参阅图 2 至图 4 ,提供上述的直流降压电路,在此不再对直流降压电路的结构进行重复性描述。
步骤 S2 、所述输入电压 Vin 0 上升且小于启动电压,降压控制模块 10 的第一输出端输出 0 并且降压控制模块 10 不对其控制端充电,启动控制模块 30 将其输入端与输出端断开,使得降压控制模块 10 的控制端与接地端之间断开,降压控制模块 10 的第二输出端输出 0 控制功率变换模块 20 输出 0
具体地,所述步骤 S2 中,三极管 T1 截止,控制芯片 U1 的基准电压引脚 REF 输出 0 ,第一 MOS Q1 截止。
步骤 S3 、所述输入电压 Vin 上升至大于等于启动电压且小于工作电压,降压控制模块 10 的第一输出端输出基准电压并且降压控制模块 10 对其控制端充电,启动控制模块 30 将其输入端与输出端连接,使得降压控制模块 10 的控制端接地,降压控制模块 10 的第二输出端输出 0 控制功率变换模块 20 输出 0
具体地,所述步骤 S3 中,三极管 T1 截止,由于控制芯片 U1 的输入引脚 IN 的电压大于等于启动电压,控制芯片 U1 的基准电压引脚 REF 输出基准电压,第一 MOS Q1 导通,软启动引脚 SS 接地。
步骤 S4 、所述输入电压 Vin 上升至大于等于工作电压,降压控制模块 10 的第一输出端输出基准电压并且降压控制模块 10 对其控制端充电,启动控制模块 30 将其输入端与输出端断开,降压控制模块 10 的控制端电压不断上升,当降压控制模块 10 的控制端电压大于等于软启动电压时,降压控制模块 10 的第二输出端输出控制信号控制功率变换模块 20 输出为目标电压的输出电压 Vout
具体地,所述步骤 S4 中,稳压二极管 D1 反向击穿使三极管 T1 导通,第一 MOS Q1 的栅极接地而截止,控制芯片 U1 对软启动引脚 SS 进行充电使其电压上升,当软启动引脚 SS 的电压大于等于软启动电压时,控制芯片 U1 使其控制信号引脚输出脉冲信号控制功率变换模块 20 输出为目标电压的输出电压 Vout ,此时输入电压 Vin 的电压值已经很大,因此即使负载较大,直流降压电路中功率变换模块 20 中第二 MOS Q2 及第三 MOS Q3 中的电流也会很小,不会触发过电流保护,保证该电路可以正常工作,通过对稳压二极管 D1 的反向击穿电压、第二分压单元 32 也即第二电阻 R2 的电阻值、第三分压单元 33 也即第三电阻 R3 的电阻值进行选择,能够设置三极管 T1 导通时对应的输入电压 Vin 的电压值也即工作电压,通过对第一电容 C1 的电容值进行选择,能够对控制芯片 U1 使其控制信号引脚输出脉冲信号的时刻进行设置。另外,当输入电压 Vin 的电压下降时,三极管 T1 会首先关闭,从而使得软启动引脚 SS 再次接地,导致控制芯片 U1 的控制信号引脚输出 0 ,能够防止输入电压 Vin 掉电过程中由于输入电压 Vin 过低导致的电流过大使得功率变换模块 20 中第二 MOS Q2 及第三 MOS Q3 烧毁,提升电路的可靠性。
综上所述,本发明的直流降压电路在工作时,输入电压由 0 逐渐上升,当输入电压上升至大于等于启动电压且小于工作电压时,降压控制模块的第一输出端输出基准电压,启动控制模块将其输入端与输出端连接从而将降压控制模块的控制端接地,使得降压控制模块的第二输出端输出 0 ,当输入电压继续上升直至大于等于工作电压,启动控制模块将其输入端与输出端断开从而将降压控制模块的控制端与接地端断开,此后当降压控制模块将其控制端充电至大于等于软启动电压时由其第二输出端输出控制信号控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压,能够避免输入电压过低且负载较大时电路中的 MOS 管中电流过大。本发明的直流降压方法能够避免输入电压过低且负载较大时电路中 MOS 管中电流过大。
以上所述,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,可以根据本发明的技术方案和技术构思作出其他各种相应的改变和变形,而所有这些改变和变形都应属于本发明权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种直流降压电路,包括降压控制模块、功率变换模块及启动控制模块;
    所述降压控制模块的输入端接入输入电压,控制端电性连接启动控制模块的输入端,第一输出端电性连接启动控制模块的第一控制端,第二输出端电性连接功率变换模块的控制端;所述启动控制模块的第二控制端接入输入电压,输出端接地;所述功率变换模块的输入端接入输入电压,输出端输出输出电压;
    当降压控制模块的输入端的电压大于等于预设的启动电压时,第一输出端输出基准电压并且降压控制模块对其控制端充电,否则第一输出端输出0并且降压控制模块不对其控制端充电;当降压控制模块的输入端的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且其控制端的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,第二输出端输出控制信号控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压,否则第二输出端输出0控制功率变换模块输出0;当启动控制模块的第一控制端的电压为基准电压且第二控制端的电压小于预设的工作电压时将其输入端与输出端连接,否则将其输入端与输出端断开;所述启动电压小于工作电压。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的直流降压电路,其中,所述降压控制模块包括控制芯片;所述降压控制模块的输入端为控制芯片的输入引脚,所述降压控制模块的控制端为控制芯片的软启动引脚,所述降压控制模块的第一输出端为控制芯片的基准电压引脚,所述降压控制模块的第二输出端为控制芯片的控制信号引脚;
    当控制芯片的输入引脚的电压大于等于预设的启动电压时,基准电压引脚输出基准电压并且控制芯片对软启动引脚充电,否则基准电压引脚输出0并且控制芯片不对软启动引脚充电;当控制芯片的输入引脚的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且软启动引脚的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,控制信号引脚输出控制信号控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压,否则控制信号引脚输出0控制功率变换模块输出0。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的直流降压电路,其中,所述启动控制模块包括第一分压单元、第二分压单元、第三分压单元、第一MOS管、第一电容、稳压二极管、三极管;所述第一分压单元的一端为启动控制模块的第一控制端,另一端电性连接第一MOS管的栅极;第一MOS管的漏极为启动控制模块的输入端,源极为启动控制模块的输出端;稳压二极管的负极为启动控制模块的第二控制端,正极电性连接第二分压单元的一端;第二分压单元的另一端电性连接第三分压单元的一端;第三分压单元的另一端接地;第一电容的一端电性连接第一MOS管的栅极,另一端接地;三极管的基极电性连接第二分压单元的另一端,发射极接地,集电极电性连接第一MOS管的栅极;所述工作电压大于稳压二极管的反向击穿电压,当稳压二极管的负极的电压大于等于工作电压时,三极管导通。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的直流降压电路,其中,所述第一分压单元为第一电阻,所述第二分压单元为第二电阻,所述第三分压单元为第三电阻。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的直流降压电路,其中,所述控制芯片的控制信号引脚包括第一控制信号引脚及第二控制信号引脚,该第一控制信号引脚及第二控制信号引脚分别电性连接功率变换模块的第一控制端及第二控制端;
    当所述控制芯片的输入引脚的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且软启动引脚的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,第一控制信号引脚及第二控制信号引脚分别输出第一脉冲信号及第二脉冲信号,控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压,否则第一控制信号引脚及第二控制信号引脚均输出0控制功率变换模块输出0;
    所述功率变换模块包括第二MOS管、第三MOS管及电感;第二MOS管的栅极为功率变换模块的第一控制端,源极电性连接第三MOS管的漏极,漏极为功率变换模块的输入端;第三MOS管的栅极为功率变换模块的第二控制端,源极接地,漏极电性连接电感的一端;电感的另一端为功率变换模块的输出端。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的直流降压电路,还包括输入滤波模块及输出滤波模块;
    所述降压控制模块的输入端及功率变换模块的输入端分别经输入滤波模块接入输入电压;所述输入滤波模块用于对输入电压进行滤波后传输至降压控制模块的输入端及功率变换模块的输入端;
    所述输出滤波模块电性连接功率变换模块的输出端,用于对功率变换模块输出的输出电压进行滤波。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的直流降压电路,其中,所述输入滤波模块包括第四电容、第五电容及第六电容,所述第四电容、第五电容及第六电容各自的一端均接入输入电压并电性连接降压控制模块的输入端,各自的另一端均接地;
    所述输出滤波模块包括第七电容及第八电容,所述第七电容及第八电容各自的一端均连接功率变换模块的输出端,各自的另一端均接地。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的直流降压电路,还包括反馈模块;所述反馈模块的输入端电性连接功率变换模块的输出端,输出端电性连接降压控制模块的反馈端;所述反馈模块用于对功率变换模块的输出端电压进行侦测并产生对应的反馈电压传输至降压控制模块的反馈端;
    当降压控制模块的输入端的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且其控制端的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,对其反馈端的反馈电压进行侦测,依据其反馈端的反馈电压对其第二输出端输出控制信号进行调整以控制功率变换模块对其输出的输出电压进行调整,直至反馈端的反馈电压等于与目标电压对应的标准反馈电压。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的直流降压电路,其中,所述反馈模块包括第六电阻及第七电阻,所述第六电阻的一端为反馈模块的输出端,另一端接地;所述第七电阻的一端电性连接第六电阻的一端,另一端为反馈模块的输入端。
  10. 一种直流降压方法,包括如下步骤:
    步骤S1、提供直流降压电路;
    步骤S2、所述输入电压由0上升且小于启动电压,降压控制模块的第一输出端输出0并且降压控制模块不对其控制端充电,启动控制模块将其输入端与输出端断开,降压控制模块的第二输出端输出0控制功率变换模块输出0;
    步骤S3、所述输入电压上升至大于等于启动电压且小于工作电压,降压控制模块的第一输出端输出基准电压并且降压控制模块对其控制端充电,启动控制模块将其输入端与输出端连接,降压控制模块的第二输出端输出0控制功率变换模块输出0;
    步骤S4、所述输入电压上升至大于等于工作电压,降压控制模块的第一输出端输出基准电压并且降压控制模块对其控制端充电,启动控制模块将其输入端与输出端断开,降压控制模块的控制端电压不断上升,当降压控制模块的控制端电压大于等于软启动电压时,降压控制模块的第二输出端输出控制信号控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压;
    所述直流降压电路包括降压控制模块、功率变换模块及启动控制模块;
    所述降压控制模块的输入端接入输入电压,控制端电性连接启动控制模块的输入端,第一输出端电性连接启动控制模块的第一控制端,第二输出端电性连接功率变换模块的控制端;所述启动控制模块的第二控制端接入输入电压,输出端接地;所述功率变换模块的输入端接入输入电压,输出端输出输出电压;
    当降压控制模块的输入端的电压大于等于预设的启动电压时,第一输出端输出基准电压并且降压控制模块对其控制端充电,否则第一输出端输出0并且降压控制模块不对其控制端充电;当降压控制模块的输入端的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且其控制端的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,第二输出端输出控制信号控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压,否则第二输出端输出0控制功率变换模块输出0;当启动控制模块的第一控制端的电压为基准电压且第二控制端的电压小于预设的工作电压时将其输入端与输出端连接,否则将其输入端与输出端断开;所述启动电压小于工作电压。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的直流降压方法,其中,所述降压控制模块包括控制芯片;所述降压控制模块的输入端为控制芯片的输入引脚,所述降压控制模块的控制端为控制芯片的软启动引脚,所述降压控制模块的第一输出端为控制芯片的基准电压引脚,所述降压控制模块的第二输出端为控制芯片的控制信号引脚;
    当控制芯片的输入引脚的电压大于等于预设的启动电压时,基准电压引脚输出基准电压并且控制芯片对软启动引脚充电,否则基准电压引脚输出0并且控制芯片不对软启动引脚充电;当控制芯片的输入引脚的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且软启动引脚的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,控制信号引脚输出控制信号控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压,否则控制信号引脚输出0控制功率变换模块输出0。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的直流降压方法,其中,所述启动控制模块包括第一分压单元、第二分压单元、第三分压单元、第一MOS管、第一电容、稳压二极管、三极管;所述第一分压单元的一端为启动控制模块的第一控制端,另一端电性连接第一MOS管的栅极;第一MOS管的漏极为启动控制模块的输入端,源极为启动控制模块的输出端;稳压二极管的负极为启动控制模块的第二控制端,正极电性连接第二分压单元的一端;第二分压单元的另一端电性连接第三分压单元的一端;第三分压单元的另一端接地;第一电容的一端电性连接第一MOS管的栅极,另一端接地;三极管的基极电性连接第二分压单元的另一端,发射极接地,集电极电性连接第一MOS管的栅极;所述工作电压大于稳压二极管的反向击穿电压,当稳压二极管的负极的电压大于等于工作电压时,三极管导通。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的直流降压方法,其中,所述第一分压单元为第一电阻,所述第二分压单元为第二电阻,所述第三分压单元为第三电阻。
  14. 如权利要求11所述的直流降压方法,其中,所述控制芯片的控制信号引脚包括第一控制信号引脚及第二控制信号引脚,该第一控制信号引脚及第二控制信号引脚分别电性连接功率变换模块的第一控制端及第二控制端;
    当所述控制芯片的输入引脚的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且软启动引脚的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,第一控制信号引脚及第二控制信号引脚分别输出第一脉冲信号及第二脉冲信号,控制功率变换模块输出为目标电压的输出电压,否则第一控制信号引脚及第二控制信号引脚均输出0控制功率变换模块输出0;
    所述功率变换模块包括第二MOS管、第三MOS管及电感;第二MOS管的栅极为功率变换模块的第一控制端,源极电性连接第三MOS管的漏极,漏极为功率变换模块的输入端;第三MOS管的栅极为功率变换模块的第二控制端,源极接地,漏极电性连接电感的一端;电感的另一端为功率变换模块的输出端。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的直流降压方法,其中,所述直流降压电路还包括输入滤波模块及输出滤波模块;
    所述降压控制模块的输入端及功率变换模块的输入端分别经输入滤波模块接入输入电压;所述输入滤波模块用于对输入电压进行滤波后传输至降压控制模块的输入端及功率变换模块的输入端;
    所述输出滤波模块电性连接功率变换模块的输出端,用于对功率变换模块输出的输出电压进行滤波。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的直流降压方法,其中,所述输入滤波模块包括第四电容、第五电容及第六电容,所述第四电容、第五电容及第六电容各自的一端均接入输入电压并电性连接降压控制模块的输入端,各自的另一端均接地;
    所述输出滤波模块包括第七电容及第八电容,所述第七电容及第八电容各自的一端均连接功率变换模块的输出端,各自的另一端均接地。
  17. 如权利要求10所述的直流降压方法,其中,所述直流降压电路还包括反馈模块;所述反馈模块的输入端电性连接功率变换模块的输出端,输出端电性连接降压控制模块的反馈端;所述反馈模块用于对功率变换模块的输出端电压进行侦测并产生对应的反馈电压传输至降压控制模块的反馈端;
    当降压控制模块的输入端的电压大于等于预设的启动电压且其控制端的电压大于等于预设的软启动电压时,对其反馈端的反馈电压进行侦测,依据其反馈端的反馈电压对其第二输出端输出控制信号进行调整以控制功率变换模块对其输出的输出电压进行调整,直至反馈端的反馈电压等于与目标电压对应的标准反馈电压。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的直流降压方法,其中,所述反馈模块包括第六电阻及第七电阻,所述第六电阻的一端为反馈模块的输出端,另一端接地;所述第七电阻的一端电性连接第六电阻的一端,另一端为反馈模块的输入端。
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