WO2020133637A1 - 并励式直流电机驱动装置以及电动设备 - Google Patents

并励式直流电机驱动装置以及电动设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020133637A1
WO2020133637A1 PCT/CN2019/074395 CN2019074395W WO2020133637A1 WO 2020133637 A1 WO2020133637 A1 WO 2020133637A1 CN 2019074395 W CN2019074395 W CN 2019074395W WO 2020133637 A1 WO2020133637 A1 WO 2020133637A1
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Prior art keywords
switch control
parallel
bridge arm
excited
motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/074395
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金爱娟
李少龙
Original Assignee
上海理工大学
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Publication date
Application filed by 上海理工大学 filed Critical 上海理工大学
Priority to US17/296,242 priority Critical patent/US11394278B2/en
Publication of WO2020133637A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020133637A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/04Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14Stator cores with salient poles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/26Rotor cores with slots for windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/06DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having shunt connection of excitation windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/22Auxiliary parts of casings not covered by groups H02K5/06-H02K5/20, e.g. shaped to form connection boxes or terminal boxes
    • H02K5/225Terminal boxes or connection arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/285Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
    • H02P7/292Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using static converters, e.g. AC to DC

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of DC motor drive devices, and particularly relates to a parallel excitation DC motor drive device and an electric device including the parallel excitation DC motor drive device.
  • the excitation winding of the parallel excitation DC motor and the armature winding are connected in parallel and share the same power supply. It has the advantages of good speed regulation performance, large starting torque and strong overload capacity. It is widely used in rolling mills, electric locomotives, large machine tools Spindle drive systems and ships.
  • the traditional parallel-excited DC motor drive device 200 is composed of a parallel-excited DC motor and a chopper.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor has only a pair of external terminals.
  • the external terminals are electrically connected to the pair of power output terminals of the chopper.
  • the maximum output current of the chopper is generally 2 to 3 times the rated current of the motor.
  • the chopper uses pulse width modulation technology to control the power switch on and off to change the output voltage and output current.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a parallel-excitation DC motor drive device and an electric device including the same.
  • the invention provides a parallel-excited DC motor drive device, which includes: a parallel-excited DC motor having a rated voltage; a DC power supply having a constant voltage corresponding to the rated voltage; and a chopper based on the control signal
  • the constant voltage is converted into a variable voltage and provided to the parallel-excited DC motor, wherein the chopper has m chopper units, each chopper unit has a first power output terminal, a second power output terminal, and w switch control terminals
  • the control signal contains m unit control signals respectively corresponding to m chopper units and formed according to predetermined phase shift rules, and each unit control signal includes corresponding to w switch control terminals in the corresponding chopper unit w switch control signals, w switch control terminals are used to receive w switch control signals correspondingly, m first power output terminals of all chopper units correspond to m second power output terminals of all chopper units respectively Ground to form m pairs of power output terminals, and the excitation DC motor includes:
  • Each pair of brushes contains an S-pole corresponding brush corresponding to the main pole of S polarity and a
  • the N pole corresponding to the N pole main magnetic pole corresponds to the brush
  • the field winding part contains m field winding units, and each field winding unit is on at least a pair of main magnetic poles through an insulated conductor strip composed of a metal wire wrapped with an insulating layer
  • the excitation coils are formed separately.
  • the insulated conductor strips in each excitation winding unit have one end and the other end. The m ends of all the insulated conductor strips are electrically connected to the m S poles of all brushes to form m electrical brushes.
  • the first terminal at the same time, the m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars are electrically connected to the m corresponding N poles of all the brushes to form m second terminals; or, the m ends of all the insulated conductor bars are connected to
  • the m N poles in all the brushes correspond to the electrical connection of the brushes to form m first terminals
  • the m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars and the m S poles in all the brushes correspond to the electrical connections of the brushes to form m
  • Two second terminals, m first terminals and m second terminals respectively corresponding to form m pairs of external terminals, m pairs of external terminals and m pairs of power output terminals are connected in one-to-one correspondence, m is not less than A positive integer of 2, w is 1, 2 or 4.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor driving device may also have such a feature: where w is 1, each chopper unit also has an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm connected in series with each other, the upper bridge arm and the DC power supply The positive pole is connected, the lower bridge arm is connected to the negative pole of the DC power supply, the upper bridge arm contains at least one power switch tube and a switch control terminal, each power switch tube has a control pole, the switch control terminal is formed based on the control pole, the lower bridge The arm includes at least one diode, the first power output end is provided between the upper and lower bridge arms, and the second power output end is provided at the end of the lower bridge arm connected to the DC power supply.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor drive device may also have the following characteristics: wherein the predetermined phase shift rule is that the phases of the m switching control signals are sequentially shifted by one-mth of the switching cycle respectively; or, m is an even number and the predetermined phase
  • the staggering rule is that the phases of the m switching control signals are respectively staggered by two-mth of the switching cycle.
  • each chopper unit also has an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm connected in series, the upper bridge arm and the DC power supply
  • the positive pole is connected
  • the lower bridge arm is connected to the negative pole of the DC power supply
  • the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm respectively include at least one power switch tube, at least one diode connected in reverse parallel with the power switch tube, and the switch control terminal
  • each power The switch tube has a control pole, and the switch control terminal is formed based on the control pole.
  • the switch control terminal in the upper bridge arm serves as the upper bridge switch control terminal
  • the switch control terminal in the lower bridge arm serves as the lower bridge arm switch control terminal for correspondence.
  • the ground receives two switch control signals.
  • the first power output terminal is provided between the upper and lower bridge arms, and the second power output terminal is provided at the end where the lower bridge arm is connected to the DC power source.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor driving device provided by the present invention may also have such a characteristic that the predetermined phase shifting rule is that m phases corresponding to the m unit control signals are respectively shifted as m predetermined phases by one-mth switching cycle,
  • the switch control signal corresponding to the switch end of the upper arm switch is set as the reference switch control signal, and the phase of the reference switch control signal is determined according to the predetermined phase corresponding to the unit control signal.
  • the switch control signal corresponding to the switch control terminal and the reference switch control signal are set to be reciprocal; or, m is an even number, and the predetermined phase shift rule is that the m phases corresponding to the m unit control signals respectively are sequentially shifted as m predetermined phases Two-mth switching cycle, in each chopper unit, the switch control signal corresponding to the upper arm switch control terminal is set as the reference switch control signal, and the phase of the reference switch control signal is based on the predetermined Depending on the phase, the switch control signal corresponding to the switch control end of the lower bridge arm and the reference switch control signal are set to be mutually opposite.
  • each chopper unit also has a first bridge arm and a second bridge arm connected in parallel to each other
  • the first bridge arm includes The first upper bridge arm and the first lower bridge arm connected in series to each other
  • the second bridge arm includes a second upper bridge arm and a second lower bridge arm connected to each other in series
  • the first upper bridge arm and the second upper bridge arm are both
  • the positive pole of the DC power supply is connected
  • the first lower arm and the second lower arm are connected to the negative electrode of the DC power
  • the first upper arm, the first lower arm, the second upper arm and the second lower arm Each includes at least one power switch tube, at least one diode connected in reverse parallel with the power switch tube, and a switch control terminal.
  • Each power switch tube has a control pole.
  • the switch control terminal is formed based on the control pole.
  • the first upper bridge arm The switch control terminal is used as the first upper arm switch control terminal, the switch control terminal in the first lower arm is used as the first lower arm switch control terminal, and the switch control terminal in the second upper arm is used as the second upper arm
  • the switch control terminal and the switch control terminal in the second lower bridge arm serve as the second lower bridge switch control terminal for correspondingly receiving four switch control signals, and the first power output terminal is provided on the first upper bridge arm and the first lower arm Between the bridge arms, the second power output terminal is provided between the second upper bridge arm and the second lower bridge arm.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor driving device may also have such a characteristic that the predetermined phase shift rule is that m phases corresponding to the m unit control signals are respectively shifted as m predetermined phases by one-mth switching cycle
  • the two switch control signals corresponding to the first upper arm switch control terminal and the second lower arm switch control terminal are set as the reference switch control signal, and the phase of the reference switch control signal is based on Depending on the predetermined phase corresponding to the unit control signal, the two switch control signals corresponding to the first lower arm switch control terminal and the second upper arm switch control terminal are set to be opposite to the reference switch control signal; or, m It is an even number, and the predetermined phase shift rule is that the m phases corresponding to the m unit control signals are respectively shifted by m divided by two-mth switching cycles as the m predetermined phases.
  • the first upper arm switch control terminal The two switch control signals corresponding to the control end of the second lower arm switch are set as reference switch control signals, and the phase of the reference switch control signal is determined according to the predetermined phase corresponding to the unit control signal.
  • the first lower arm switch The two switch control signals corresponding to the control terminal and the second upper arm switch control terminal and the reference switch control signal are set to be mutually opposite.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor drive device provided by the present invention may also have such a feature that the DC power supply has m pairs of power supply output terminals connected to the m chopper units, respectively.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor driving device provided by the present invention may also have such a feature: wherein the DC power supply is composed of m independent DC power supply units, and each DC power supply unit has a pair of power supply output terminals.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor driving device may also have the following features: a control unit, including a controller and an amplifier, wherein the controller generates m unit control signals according to a predetermined phase shift rule, and the amplifier controls each The w switch control signals in the unit control signal are amplified and provided to the corresponding w switch control terminals in the chopper unit.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor driving device may also have the following characteristics: where w is 1, the amplifier is composed of m mutually independent amplification units, and the m amplification units respectively correspond to the m chopper units, Each amplifier unit has an amplifier signal output terminal corresponding to the switch control terminal.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor driving device may also have the following characteristics: where w is 2 or 4, and the amplifier is composed of m mutually independent amplification units, which are respectively connected to m chopper units Correspondingly, each amplifying unit is provided with an amplifying signal output part, which is composed of w amplifying signal output ends.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor driving device may also have such a feature: wherein, the controller also generates m enabling signals corresponding to the m amplifying units respectively, and each enabling signal is used to control the corresponding amplification The working state of the unit.
  • the parallel excitation DC motor drive device provided by the present invention may also have such a feature that m excitation winding units correspond to m pairs of main magnetic poles respectively, and the insulated conductor strips in each excitation winding unit are formed in a corresponding one On the main pole.
  • the parallel excitation DC motor drive device provided by the present invention may also have such a characteristic that the number of turns of the excitation coil on each main pole is the same, and each pair of main poles corresponds to the spatial position of a corresponding pair of brushes
  • the connection relationship of the two excitation coils is any one of series and parallel connection, and the connection relationship of the two excitation coils in each excitation winding unit is the same.
  • the parallel excitation DC motor driving device provided by the present invention may also have such a characteristic that the insulated conductor strip in each excitation winding unit is formed on m pairs of main magnetic poles.
  • the parallel excitation DC motor driving device provided by the present invention may also have such a characteristic that the winding direction and the number of turns of the m excitation coils on each main magnetic pole are the same, and in each excitation winding unit, 2m excitation coils
  • the connection relationship is any one of series, parallel and series-parallel connection, and the connection relationship of the 2m excitation coils in each excitation winding unit is the same.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor driving device provided by the present invention may also have such a characteristic that the predetermined connection mode is any one of single-stack, cascade, and complex wave.
  • the invention also provides an electric device, which is characterized by comprising: a parallel excitation DC motor drive device, wherein the parallel excitation DC motor drive device is a ⁇ structure one> parallel excitation DC motor drive device.
  • the electric equipment provided by the present invention may also have such characteristics: wherein, the electric equipment is any one of a rolling mill, an electric locomotive, a main machine tool spindle drive system, and a ship.
  • each chopper unit has a first power output terminal, a second The power supply output terminal and w switch control terminals
  • the control signal includes m unit control signals corresponding to m chopper units respectively and formed according to a predetermined phase shift rule
  • each unit control signal includes the corresponding chopper unit W switch control signals corresponding to w switch control terminals
  • w switch control terminals are used to receive w switch control signals correspondingly, m first power output terminals of all chopper units and m of all chopper units
  • the second power output terminals respectively form m pairs of power output terminals
  • the field winding part contains m field winding units.
  • Each field winding unit is composed of at least one pair of insulated conductor strips composed of metal wires wrapped with an insulation layer.
  • the main magnetic poles are formed with excitation coils respectively.
  • the insulated conductor strips in each excitation winding unit have one end and the other end.
  • the m ends of all the insulated conductor strips are electrically connected to the corresponding M brushes of all the brushes.
  • connection forms m second terminals
  • the m first terminals correspond to the m second terminals respectively to form m pairs of external terminals
  • the m pairs of external terminals correspond to the m pairs of power output terminals in one-to-one correspondence
  • each pair of external terminals is connected to one excitation winding unit and a pair of brushes connected in parallel to each other, so each branch formed by each excitation winding unit and the corresponding connected pair of brushes is independent of each other,
  • the current of each branch is also independent.
  • Each branch can work independently and be independently powered by a corresponding pair of power output terminals, that is: each pair of power output terminals only needs to work on one branch, and only the motor is rated. One-mth of the input current.
  • control signal includes m switching control signals respectively corresponding to the m chopper units and formed according to a predetermined phase shift rule, the phases of the current ripple of each pair of power output terminals are different from each other, so that m The peak-to-peak value of the ripple after the superposition of the current ripples is reduced, thereby reducing the peak-to-peak value of the ripple of the output torque and speed, and improving the performance and life of the DC motor.
  • the parallel excitation DC motor drive device of the present invention has a simple structure, short connecting wires, simple production process, easy manufacturing, easy maintenance, low production cost and maintenance cost, and has the advantages of reasonable structural design, simple, high reliability and safety, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel-excited DC motor driving device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a parallel-excited DC motor in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional circuit connection diagram of a parallel-excited DC motor in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic development view of a single-stack connection of armature windings of a parallel-excited DC motor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of circuit connection of a conventional parallel-excited DC motor drive device
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of input current waveforms of three pairs of brushes of a parallel-excited DC motor in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a comparison diagram of the armature current of the parallel-excited DC motor and the armature current of the conventional parallel-excited DC motor in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 10 is a comparison diagram of the excitation current of the parallel-excitation DC motor and the excitation current of the conventional parallel-excitation DC motor in an embodiment of the present invention
  • 11 is a comparison diagram of the torque of the parallel-excited DC motor and the torque of the conventional parallel-excited DC motor in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel-excited DC motor driving device in Modification 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel-excited DC motor driving device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel-excited DC motor driving device in Modification 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel-excited DC motor driving device in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel-excited DC motor driving device in Modification 3 of the present invention.
  • 20 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel excitation DC motor driving device in a modification of the present invention
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal cross-section circuit connection of a parallel-excited DC motor in a modification of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel-type DC motor drive device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • the parallel excitation DC motor drive device 100 in the first embodiment is installed in electric equipment such as a rolling mill, an electric locomotive, a main machine tool spindle drive system, and a ship, and is used to drive the electric equipment.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor drive device 100 includes a parallel-excited DC motor 10, a chopper 20, a DC power supply 30, a sensor unit 40, and a control unit 50.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a parallel-excited DC motor in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional circuit connection diagram of a parallel-excited DC motor in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the shunt DC motor 10 has a rated voltage and a rated current, including a casing 11, a stator 12, a brush 13, a rotor 14 and a junction box (not shown).
  • the logarithm of the brush 13 is set to m according to the value of the rated current, and m is an integer not less than 2.
  • m is set to 3 in the first embodiment.
  • the stator 12 is provided in the casing 11 and includes three pairs of six main magnetic poles 121 and an excitation winding portion 122; each main magnetic pole 121 includes three excitation coils 12211, each of which The coil 12211 is formed by separately winding an insulated conductor composed of a conductor wrapped with an insulating layer on the main magnetic pole 121.
  • the insulated conductor bar is any one of an enameled wire and an insulated copper conductor bar. In this embodiment, the insulated conductor bar is Enameled wire.
  • the three exciting coils 12211 on each main magnetic pole 121 have the same winding direction and the same number of turns.
  • one excitation coil 12211 is extracted from each main magnetic pole 121, and a total of six excitation coils 12211 are connected to form an excitation winding unit 1221.
  • the excitation winding unit 122 includes three excitation winding units 1221, each of which is The insulated conductor strip in the winding unit 1221 has one end and the other end distinguished according to the preset current direction of the exciting coil 12211, and each pair of main poles contains a winding direction of the exciting coil 12211 and a preset current direction of the exciting coil 12211
  • connection relationship of the six field coils 12211 is any one of series, parallel, and series-parallel connection, and the connection relationship of the six field coils 12211 in each field winding unit 1221 is the same.
  • connection relationship of the six excitation coils 12211 is in series.
  • each pair of brushes 13 includes an S-pole corresponding brush 131 corresponding to the S-polarity main magnetic pole 1211 and a The N pole corresponding to the N polarity main magnetic pole 1212 corresponds to the brush 132.
  • the brush 13 is either a narrow brush or a wide brush.
  • the brush 13 is a narrow brush.
  • Each brush 13 includes one brush body or at least two separately formed brush bodies arranged along the axis of the motor and electrically connected in parallel; when the brush 13 includes at least two brush bodies, each brush can be made The actual contact area between the brush and the commutator is increased, thereby improving the commutation performance of the brush.
  • the brush 13 includes a brush body.
  • the m ends of the insulated conductor strips of all the excitation winding units 1221 are electrically connected to the m N-pole corresponding brushes 132 of all the brushes 13 to form m first terminals 1511, and at the same time, all the excitation windings
  • the m other ends of the insulated conductor strips of the unit 1221 are electrically connected to the m S pole corresponding brushes 131 of all the brushes 13 to form m second terminals 1512, and the m first terminals 1511 are connected to the m second wires
  • the terminals 1512 respectively form m pairs of external terminals.
  • the first terminal 1511 and the second terminal 1512 form a pair of external terminals 151, and the first terminal 1521 corresponds to the second terminal 1522
  • a pair of external terminals 152 are formed on the ground, and a pair of terminals 153 are formed corresponding to the first terminals 1531 and the second terminals 1532.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic development view of a single-stack connection of armature windings of a parallel-excited DC motor in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the rotor 14 is provided in the stator 12 and includes a plurality of armature windings 141 that are mutually connected by a predetermined connection method.
  • the number of armature windings 141 is set to 2 m ⁇ q, and the predetermined connection
  • the mode is any one of single-stack, cascade, and complex wave.
  • the connection mode of the multiple armature windings 141 is a single stack, and two adjacent brushes 13 are connected to an armature winding branch, and each armature winding branch contains q pieces Armature winding 141.
  • a junction box (not shown) is fixed to the cabinet 11, and as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, three pairs of external connection terminals 151, 152, and 153 are provided in the junction box.
  • the chopper 20 converts the constant voltage of the DC power supply 30 into a variable voltage with a controllable average voltage based on a control signal from the control unit 50 and supplies it to the DC motor 10 for parallel excitation.
  • the chopper 20 includes m chopper units 21 corresponding to the m pairs of brushes 13, respectively.
  • the chopper 20 includes three chopper units 21.
  • Each chopper unit 21 includes an upper bridge arm 211 and a lower bridge arm 212 connected to each other in series, and a first power output terminal 2211 and a second power output terminal 2212.
  • the upper bridge arm 211 includes a power switch tube 2111 and a switch control terminal 2110, and the lower bridge arm 212 includes a freewheeling diode 2121.
  • the power switch tube 2111 has a control pole, which forms a switch control terminal 2110.
  • all the power switch tubes are semi-controlled or fully controlled devices
  • the semi-controlled devices are ordinary thyristors
  • the fully controlled devices are power field effect transistors
  • the gate can turn off the thyristor
  • the integrated gate switch Any one of a thyristor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor, and a power bipolar transistor.
  • the first power output terminal 2211 is provided between the upper bridge arm 211 and the lower bridge arm 212, and the second power output terminal 2212 is provided at the end of the lower bridge arm 211 connected to the DC power source 30.
  • the m first power output terminals 2211 of all the chopper units 21 correspond to the m second power output terminals 2212 of all the chopper units 21 respectively to form m pairs of power output terminals 221, and the m pairs of power output terminals 221 and m
  • the external terminals 151 are connected in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the first power output terminal 2211 and the second power output terminal 2212 form a pair of power output terminals 221, and the first power output terminal 2221 and the second power output terminal 2222 are in phase with each other.
  • a pair of power output terminals 222 is formed, the first power output 2231 and the second power output 2232 form a pair of power output terminals 223, three pairs of power output terminals 221, 222 and 223, and three pairs of external wiring terminals 151, 152 and 153 are connected one-to-one.
  • the DC power supply 30 has a constant voltage corresponding to the rated voltage of the parallel-excited DC motor 10, and has m pairs of power supply output terminals connected in one-to-one correspondence with the m chopper units 21.
  • Each pair of power supply output terminals includes a positive electrode 311 and a negative electrode 312.
  • the positive electrode 311 is connected to the corresponding upper arm 211 of the chopper unit 21, and the negative electrode 312 is connected to the corresponding lower arm 212 of the chopper unit 21.
  • control unit 50 receives an external command signal corresponding to the displacement, rotation speed, or torque output by the parallel-excited DC motor 10.
  • the sensor unit 40 is used to detect the physical quantity of the shunt DC motor 10 and output a feedback signal to the control unit 50.
  • the sensor unit 40 includes an output sensor 41 and a current sensor 42.
  • the output sensor 41 detects the displacement, rotation speed, or torque output by the parallel-excited DC motor 10 and outputs a corresponding output feedback signal to the control unit 50.
  • the current sensor 42 detects the line current value of the brush lead wire in the parallel excitation DC motor 10 and outputs a corresponding current feedback signal to the control unit 50.
  • the control section 50 includes a controller 51 and an amplifier 52.
  • the controller 51 calculates and generates the control signal 511 and the enable signal 512 to the amplifier 52 based on the external command signal and the output feedback signal and current feedback signal of the sensor unit 40.
  • the control signal 511 includes m switch control signals respectively corresponding to the m chopper units 21 and formed according to a predetermined phase shift rule, and the enable signal 512 is used to control the operating state of the amplifier 52.
  • the amplifier 52 enters the working state under the control of the enable signal 512, and amplifies the m switch control signals and provides the m switch control terminals 2110 accordingly.
  • the amplifier 52 has m amplified signal output terminals 521 corresponding to the m chopper units 21 respectively.
  • the m amplified signal output terminals 521 are connected to the m switch control terminals 2110 in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the predetermined phase shift rule is that the phases of the m switching control signals are sequentially shifted by one-mth of the switching cycle, respectively, so that the current ripple of the output current of the power output terminal of the m chopper units is superimposed on the ripple Peak-to-peak value is reduced, thereby reducing the peak-to-peak value of the output torque and speed ripple, thereby improving the performance and life of the DC motor.
  • the predetermined phase shift rule is that the phases of the m switching control signals are respectively shifted by two-mth of the switching cycle in turn, so that every two pairs of brushes that are spatially opposite correspond to every two
  • the current ripple of the output current of the power output terminal of the chopper unit is the same, so that a torque moment is generated in the motor, to avoid the friction torque between the shaft and the bearing caused by the motor output torque ripple can not form a torque moment, reduce The wear between the shaft and the bearing improves the performance and service life of the motor.
  • FIG. 7 is an input current waveform diagram of three pairs of brushes of a parallel-excited DC motor in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is an input current waveform diagram of three excitation winding units of a parallel-excited DC motor in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is Comparison diagram of the armature current of the parallel-excited DC motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the armature current of the conventional parallel-excited DC motor
  • FIG. 10 is the excitation current of the parallel-excited DC motor in the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional parallel-excited DC A comparison diagram of the excitation current of the motor
  • FIG. 11 is a comparison diagram of the torque of the parallel excitation DC motor in the embodiment of the present invention and that of the conventional parallel excitation DC motor
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram of the parallel excitation DC motor in the embodiment of the invention Comparison chart of the speed and the speed of the traditional shunt DC motor.
  • the peak-to-peak value of the current ripple is the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value
  • the ripple coefficient is the percentage of the peak-to-peak value and the average value.
  • the average value of the armature current of the parallel-excited DC motor in this embodiment and the conventional parallel-excited DC motor is the same, the armature current ripple and ripple coefficient of the parallel-excited DC motor in this embodiment are only the conventional motors One-ninth.
  • the excitation current ripple and ripple coefficient of the parallel-excited DC motor in this embodiment are only those of the conventional motor. One in nine.
  • T em is the electromagnetic torque
  • C T is the torque constant
  • is the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field
  • Laf is the mutual inductance of the excitation winding and the armature winding, which is a constant
  • I f is the excitation current
  • I a is the electricity Armature current
  • T load is the load torque
  • J is the load's rotational inertia, which is a constant
  • is the output angular velocity.
  • the input current of the parallel excitation DC motor is equal to the sum of the armature current and the excitation current, and the rated input current of the parallel excitation DC motor is the maximum input current of the motor in the rated working state.
  • the electromagnetic torque T em is proportional to the product of the armature current I a and the magnetic flux ⁇ of the main magnetic field, and the main magnetic field of the DC motor is excited by the excitation winding part supplied by the chopper, according to the equation ( 1) It can be seen that the electromagnetic torque T em is proportional to the product of the armature current I a and the excitation current I f , and the ripple coefficient of the excitation current I f and the ripple coefficient of the armature current I a will cause the electromagnetic torque T em
  • the ripple or ripple that produces a larger ripple coefficient, output angular velocity ⁇ is greater, and the performance of the drive device and the electric equipment is worse.
  • Laf is taken as 1.
  • the peak-to-peak and ripple coefficients of the speed ripple of the parallel-excited DC motor 10 in this embodiment 1 are the same as those of the conventional The ratio of the parallel-excited DC motor is 1/26.7.
  • the parallel DC motor 10 in the first embodiment is basically the same as the average torque value of the conventional parallel DC motor
  • the ripple of the torque of the parallel DC motor 10 in the first embodiment The peak-to-peak and ripple coefficients are only one-ninth of the traditional parallel-excited DC motor, reducing the peak-to-peak and ripple coefficients of the output torque ripple of the motor, thereby reducing the peak-to-peak ripple of the motor output speed And ripple coefficient
  • the speed ripple coefficient of the parallel-excited DC motor in this example one is only one-sixteenth that of the traditional parallel-excited DC motor, which ultimately reduces the electromagnetic interference, vibration and noise of the motor and improves the parallel excitation The purpose of the performance of DC motors and drives.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel-excited DC motor driving device in Modification 1 of the present invention.
  • the parallel-excited DC motor drive device 100 ′ in the first modification includes a parallel-excited DC motor 10, a chopper 20 ′, a DC power supply 30 ′, a sensor unit 40, and a control unit 50 ′.
  • the chopper 20 ′ is composed of m chopper units 21 ′ corresponding to the m pairs of brushes 13 respectively.
  • Each chopper unit 21' includes an upper bridge arm 211' and a lower bridge arm 212' connected in series with each other, and a first power output 2211' and a second power output 2212'.
  • the upper bridge arm 211' includes p power switch tubes 2111' and switch control terminals 2110' connected in parallel with each other, p is a positive integer not less than 2, and the lower bridge arm 212' includes a freewheeling diode 2121'.
  • Each power switch tube 2111' has a control pole, and all control poles in each upper arm 211' form a switch control terminal 2110'.
  • p is 2-4, and the technology of parallel connection is mature and reliable, which can appropriately reduce the number of m, reduce the workload and complexity in manufacturing, and improve the cost performance of the product.
  • the first power output terminal 2211' is disposed between the upper bridge arm 211' and the lower bridge arm 212', and the second power output terminal 2212' is disposed at the end of the lower bridge arm 211' connected to the DC power source 30'.
  • the m first power output terminals 2211′ of all the chopper units 21′ form m pairs of power output terminals 221′ corresponding to the m second power output terminals 2212′ of all the chopper units 21′, respectively.
  • the output terminals 221' and m are connected in one-to-one correspondence with the external terminal 151.
  • the DC power supply 30 ′ has m DC power supply units 31 ′ independent from each other and m pairs of power supply output terminals derived from each DC power supply unit 31 ′, the m pairs of power supply output terminals and m choppers Units 21' are connected in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • Each pair of power supply output terminals includes a positive electrode 311' and a negative electrode 312', the positive electrode 311' is connected to the upper bridge arm 211' in the corresponding chopper unit 21', and the negative electrode 312' is connected to the lower electrode in the corresponding chopper unit 21'
  • the bridge arms 212' are connected.
  • control section 50' includes a controller 51' and an amplifier 52'.
  • the controller 51' calculates, generates and outputs a control signal 511' and an enable signal 512' to the amplifier 52' based on the external command signal and the output feedback signal and current feedback signal of the sensor unit 40.
  • the control signal 511' includes m switch control signals respectively corresponding to the m chopper units 21' and formed according to predetermined phase shift rules, and the enable signal 512' is used to control the operating state of the amplifier 52'.
  • the amplifier 52' enters the working state under the control of the enable signal 512', and amplifies the m switch control signals and provides correspondingly to the m switch control terminals 2110'.
  • the amplifier 52' is composed of m independent amplifying units 521', the m amplifying units 521' correspond to the m chopper units 21' respectively, each amplifying unit 521' has an amplified signal output terminal 5211', The m amplified signal output terminals 5211′ are connected to the m switch control terminals 2110′ in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel excitation DC motor driving device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • the parallel-excited DC motor drive device 100a in the second embodiment includes a parallel-excited DC motor 10, a chopper 20a, a DC power supply 30, a sensor unit 40, and a control unit 50a.
  • the chopper 20 a converts the constant voltage of the DC power supply 30 into a variable voltage with a controllable average voltage based on the control signal sent by the control unit 50 a, and supplies it to the DC motor 10 for parallel excitation.
  • the chopper 20a includes m chopper units 21a corresponding to the m pairs of brushes 13, respectively.
  • the chopper 20a includes three chopper units 21a.
  • Each chopper unit 21a includes an upper bridge arm 211a and a lower bridge arm 212a connected in series with each other, and a first power output terminal 2211a and a second power output terminal 2212a.
  • the upper bridge arm 211a includes a power switch tube 2111a, a diode 210a connected in reverse parallel with the power switch tube 2111a, and an upper bridge switch control terminal 2110a.
  • the lower bridge arm 212a includes a power switch tube 2121a and a power switch tube 2121a The diode 210a connected in anti-parallel and the lower arm switch control terminal 2120a.
  • all power switch tubes are semi-controlled or fully controlled devices
  • the semi-controlled devices are ordinary thyristors
  • the fully controlled devices are power field effect transistors
  • the gate can turn off the thyristor
  • the integrated gate switch Any one of a thyristor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor, and a power bipolar transistor.
  • the first power output terminal 2211a is provided between the upper bridge arm 211a and the lower bridge arm 212a, and the second power output terminal 2212a is provided at the end of the lower bridge arm 212a connected to the DC power supply 30.
  • the m first power output terminals 2211a of all the chopper units 21a and the m second power output terminals 2212a of all the chopper units 21a respectively form m pairs of power output terminals 221a, and the m pairs of power output terminals 221a and m
  • the external terminals 151 are connected in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the first power output terminal 2211a and the second power output terminal 2212a form a pair of power output terminals 221a
  • a pair of power output terminals 222a is formed.
  • the first power output terminal 2231a and the second power output terminal 2232a form a pair of power output terminals 223a, three pairs of power output terminals 221a, 222a, and 223a and three pairs of external wiring terminals.
  • 151, 152 and 153 are connected one-to-one.
  • the DC power supply 30 has m pairs of power supply output terminals connected in one-to-one correspondence with the m chopper units 21a.
  • the positive electrode 311 in each pair of power supply output terminals is connected to the upper bridge arm 211a in the corresponding chopper unit 21a, and the negative electrode 312 is connected to the lower bridge arm 212a in the corresponding chopper unit 21a.
  • control section 50a includes a controller 51a and an amplifier 52a.
  • the controller 51a calculates, generates and outputs the control signal 511a and the enable signal 512a to the amplifier 52a based on the external command signal, the output feedback signal and the current feedback signal of the sensor unit 40.
  • the control signal 511a includes m unit control signals respectively corresponding to the m chopper units 21a and formed according to predetermined phase shift rules, and each unit control signal includes two switch control terminals 2110a corresponding to the corresponding chopper unit 21a , 2120a corresponding to two switch control signals 521a, 522a.
  • the enable signal 512a is used to control the operating state of the amplifier 52a.
  • the amplifier 52a enters the working state under the control of the enable signal 512a, amplifies the two switch control signals in each unit control signal and provides them to the two switch control terminals 2110a and 2120a.
  • the amplifier 52a has m amplified signal output sections corresponding to the m chopper units 21a, respectively, and each amplified signal output section is composed of two amplified signal output terminals 521a, 522a.
  • the two amplified signal output terminals 521a and 522a of each amplified signal output unit are respectively connected to the two switch control terminals 2110a and 2120a in the corresponding chopper unit 21a, specifically: the amplified signal output terminal 521a and the upper arm switch
  • the control terminal 2110a is connected, and the amplified signal output terminal 522a is connected to the lower arm switch control terminal 2120a.
  • the predetermined phase shifting rule is that the m phases corresponding to the m unit control signals are respectively shifted by one-mth of the switching cycle as the m predetermined phases.
  • the upper arm switch control terminal The corresponding switch control signal is set as the reference switch control signal
  • the phase of the reference switch control signal is determined according to the predetermined phase corresponding to the unit control signal
  • the switch control signal corresponding to the lower arm switch control terminal and the reference switch control signal Set to reciprocal, so that the peak-to-peak value of the ripple after the superposition of the current ripple of the output current of the power output terminals of the m chopper units is reduced, thereby reducing the peak-to-peak value of the ripple of the output torque and speed, and Improve the performance and life of DC motors.
  • the predetermined phase shift rule is that the m phases corresponding to the m unit control signals are respectively shifted by two m-th switching cycles as the m predetermined phases, so that The current ripple of the output current of the power output terminals of each of the two chopper units corresponding to the brush is the same, thereby generating a force couple moment in the motor, to avoid the shaft and the torque caused by the motor output torque ripple can not form a force couple moment
  • the friction torque between the bearings reduces the wear between the shaft and the bearings, and improves the performance and service life of the motor.
  • the following uses three pairs of brushes A1B1, A2B2, and A3B3 whose output currents have the same frequency of the current ripple but the phase is sequentially shifted by 1/3 of the switching cycle, and the switching frequency of the chopper is 1 kHz as an example.
  • the average value of the armature current of the parallel-excited DC motor and the conventional parallel-excited DC motor in the second embodiment is the same, the armature current ripple and ripple coefficient of the parallel-excited DC motor in the second embodiment are only the traditional One-ninth of the motor.
  • the excitation current ripple and ripple coefficient of the parallel-excited DC motor in the second embodiment are only those of the conventional motor. One in nine.
  • the peak-to-peak and ripple coefficients of the speed ripple of the parallel-excited DC motor 10 in the second embodiment are the same as the conventional ones.
  • the ratio of the parallel-excited DC motor is 1/26.7.
  • the parallel DC motor 10 in the second embodiment is basically the same as the average torque value of the conventional parallel DC motor
  • the ripple of the torque of the parallel DC motor 10 in the second embodiment The peak-to-peak and ripple coefficients are only one-ninth of the traditional parallel-excited DC motor, reducing the peak-to-peak and ripple coefficients of the output torque ripple of the motor, thereby reducing the peak-to-peak ripple of the motor output speed And ripple coefficient
  • the speed ripple coefficient of the parallel-excited DC motor in this second embodiment is only one-sixteenth that of the traditional parallel-excited DC motor, which ultimately reduces the electromagnetic interference, vibration and noise of the motor and improves the parallel excitation The purpose of the performance of DC motors and drives.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel-excited DC motor driving device in Modification 2 of the present invention.
  • the parallel excitation DC motor drive device 100 a ′ in this modification includes a parallel excitation DC motor 10, a chopper 20 a ′, a DC power source 30 ′, a sensor unit 40, and a control unit 50 a ′.
  • the chopper 20 a ′ is composed of m chopper units 21 a ′ corresponding to the m pairs of brushes 13 respectively.
  • Each chopper unit 21a' includes an upper bridge arm 211a' and a lower bridge arm 212a' connected in series with each other, and a first power output terminal 2211a' and a second power output terminal 2212a'.
  • the upper bridge arm 211a′ includes p power switch tubes 2111a′ connected in parallel to each other, the diode 210a′ connected in antiparallel with the power switch tube 2111a′, and the upper bridge arm switch control terminal 2110a′, and the lower bridge arm 212a′ includes parallel connections
  • the connected p power switch tubes 2121a′, the diode 210a′ connected in antiparallel with the power switch tube 2121a′, and the lower arm switch control terminal 2120a′, p is an integer not less than 2.
  • Each power switch tube has a control pole, all the control poles in each upper bridge arm 211a' form the upper bridge arm switch control terminal 2110a', and all the control poles in each lower bridge arm 212a' form the lower bridge arm switch Control terminal 2120a'.
  • p is 2-4, and the parallel technology is mature and reliable, which can appropriately reduce the number of m, reduce the workload and complexity in manufacturing, and improve the cost performance of the product.
  • the first power output 2211a' is provided between the upper arm 211a' and the lower arm 212a', and the second power output 2212a' is provided at the end where the lower arm 211a' is connected to the DC power source 30'.
  • the m first power output terminals 2211a′ of all the chopper units 21a′ form m pairs of power output terminals 221a′ corresponding to the m second power output terminals 2212a′ of all the chopper units 21a′, respectively.
  • the output terminals 221a' and m are connected in one-to-one correspondence with the external terminal 151.
  • the DC power supply 30 ′ has m DC power supply units 31 ′ independent from each other and m pairs of power supply output terminals derived from each DC power supply unit 31 ′.
  • the m pairs of power supply output terminals and m choppers The units 21a' are connected in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • Each pair of power supply output terminals includes a positive electrode 311' and a negative electrode 312'.
  • the positive electrode 311' is connected to the upper bridge arm 211a' in the corresponding chopper unit 21a', and the negative electrode 312' is connected to the lower arm in the corresponding chopper unit 21a'
  • the bridge arms 212a' are connected.
  • control section 50a' includes a controller 51a' and an amplifier 52a'.
  • the controller 51a' calculates, generates and outputs the control signal 511a' and the enable signal 512a' to the amplifier 52a' based on the external command signal and the output feedback signal and current feedback signal of the sensor unit 40.
  • the control signal 511a′ includes m unit control signals respectively corresponding to the m chopper units 21a′ and formed according to a predetermined phase shift rule, and each unit control signal includes two switches in the corresponding chopper unit 21a′ Two switch control signals 5211a′ and 5212a′ corresponding to the control terminals 2110a′ and 2120a′.
  • the enable signal 512a' is used to control the operating state of the amplifier 52a'.
  • the amplifier 52a' enters the working state under the control of the enable signal 512a', amplifies the two switch control signals in each unit control signal and provides them to the two switch control terminals 2110a' and 2120a'.
  • the amplifier 52a' is composed of m mutually independent amplifying units 521a', the m amplifying units 521a' correspond to the m chopper units 21a' respectively, and each amplifying unit 521a' has an amplified signal output section, each The amplified signal output unit is composed of two amplified signal output terminals 5211a′ and 5212a′.
  • the two amplified signal output terminals 5211a′ and 5212a′ of each amplified signal output unit are respectively connected to the two switch control terminals 2110a′ and 2120a′ in the corresponding chopper unit 21a′, specifically: the amplified signal output terminal 5211a 'Is connected to the upper bridge arm switch control terminal 2110a', and the amplified signal output terminal 5212a' is connected to the lower bridge arm switch control terminal 2120a'.
  • the same structure as that of the first embodiment is given the same symbol and the same description is omitted.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel-type DC motor drive device in Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • the parallel-excited DC motor drive device 100b in the third embodiment includes a parallel-excited DC motor 10, a chopper 20b, a DC power supply 30, a sensor unit 40, and a control unit 50b.
  • the chopper 20 b converts the constant voltage of the DC power supply 30 into a variable voltage with a controllable average voltage based on the control signal from the control unit 50 b, and supplies it to the DC motor 10 for parallel excitation.
  • the chopper 20b includes m chopper units 21b corresponding to the m pairs of brushes 13, respectively.
  • the chopper 20b includes three chopper units 21b.
  • Each chopper unit 21b includes a first bridge arm 211b and a second bridge arm 212b, and a first power output 2211b and a second power output 2212b.
  • the first bridge arm 211b includes a first upper bridge connected in series 2111b and the first lower arm 2112b
  • the second arm 212b includes a second upper arm 2121b and a second lower arm 2122b connected in series
  • the first arm 211b and the second arm 212b are connected in parallel to each other.
  • the first upper bridge arm 2111b includes a power switch tube 21111b, a diode 210b connected in reverse parallel with the power switch tube, and a switch control terminal 21110b
  • the first lower bridge arm 2112b includes a power switch tube 21121b, connected in reverse parallel with the power switch tube
  • the second upper arm 2121b includes a power switch 21211b, the diode 210b and the switch control terminal 21210b connected in anti-parallel to the power switch
  • the second lower arm 2122b includes a power switch The tube 21221b, the diode 210b connected in reverse parallel with the power switch tube, and the switch control terminal 21220b.
  • all power switch tubes are semi-controlled or fully-controlled devices
  • the semi-controlled devices are ordinary thyristors
  • the fully-controlled devices are power field effect transistors, gate-off thyristors, and integrated gate switching Any one of a thyristor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor, and a power bipolar transistor.
  • the first power output terminal 2211b is disposed between the first upper arm 2111b and the first lower bridge arm 2112b
  • the second power output terminal 2212b is disposed between the second upper arm 2121b and the second lower bridge arm Between 2122b.
  • the m first power output terminals 2211b of all the chopper units 21b correspond to the m second power output terminals 2212b of all the chopper units 21b respectively to form m pairs of power output terminals 221b, the m pairs of power output terminals 221b and m
  • the external terminals 151 are connected in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the first power output terminal 2211b and the second power output terminal 2212b form a pair of power output terminals 221b
  • the first power output terminal 2221b corresponds to the second power output terminal 2222b
  • a pair of power output terminals 222b is formed
  • a pair of first power output terminals 2231b and a second power output terminal 2232b are formed correspondingly to form a pair of power output terminals 223b
  • three pairs of power output terminals 221b, 222b and 223b and three pairs of external wiring terminals 151 , 152 and 153 are connected in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the DC power supply 30 has a constant voltage corresponding to the rated voltage of the parallel-excited DC motor 10, and has m pairs of power supply output terminals connected in one-to-one correspondence with the m chopper units 21b.
  • Each pair of power supply output terminals includes a positive electrode 311 and a negative electrode 312, the positive electrode 311 is connected to the first upper bridge arm 2111b and the second upper bridge arm 2121b in the corresponding chopper unit 21b, and the negative electrode 312 is connected to the corresponding chopper unit 21b
  • the first lower bridge arm 2112b and the second lower bridge arm 2122b are connected.
  • control section 50b includes a controller 51b and an amplifier 52b.
  • the controller 51b calculates, generates and outputs the control signal 511b and the enable signal 512b to the amplifier 52b based on the external command signal and the output feedback signal and current feedback signal of the sensor unit 40.
  • the control signal 511b includes m unit control signals respectively corresponding to the m chopper units 21b and formed according to predetermined phase shift rules, and each unit control signal includes four switch control terminals 21110b in the corresponding chopper unit 21b , 21120b, 21210b, 21220b corresponding to the four switch control signals 5211b, 5212b, 5221b, 5222b.
  • the enable signal 512b is used to control the operating state of the amplifier 52b.
  • the amplifier 52b enters the working state under the control of the enable signal 512b, amplifies the four switch control signals in each unit control signal and provides them to the four switch control terminals 21110b, 21120b, 21210b, 21220b.
  • the amplifier 52b has m amplified signal output sections corresponding to the m chopper units 21b, respectively, and each amplified signal output section is composed of four amplified signal output terminals.
  • the four amplified signal output terminals 5211b, 5212b, 5221b, and 5222b of each amplified signal output section are respectively connected to the four switch control terminals 21110b, 21120b, 21210b, and 21220b in the corresponding chopper unit 21b, specifically: amplified signal output
  • the terminal 5211b is connected to the first upper arm switch control terminal 21110b
  • the amplified signal output terminal 5212b is connected to the first lower arm switch control terminal 21120b
  • the amplified signal output terminal 5221b is connected to the second upper arm switch control terminal 21210b
  • the amplified signal output terminal 5222b is connected to the second lower arm switch control terminal 21220b.
  • the predetermined phase shifting rule is that the m phases corresponding to the m unit control signals are respectively shifted by one-mth of the switching cycle as the m predetermined phases.
  • the first upper arm switch The two switch control signals corresponding to the control terminal and the second lower arm switch control terminal are set as the reference switch control signal, the phase of the reference switch control signal is determined according to the predetermined phase corresponding to the unit control signal, the first lower bridge The two switch control signals corresponding to the arm switch control terminal and the second upper bridge arm switch control terminal and the reference switch control signal are set to be opposite to each other, so that the current ripples of the output currents of the power output terminals of the m chopper units are superimposed The peak-to-peak value of the subsequent ripple is reduced, thereby reducing the peak-to-peak value of the ripple of the output torque and speed, thereby improving the performance and life of the DC motor.
  • the predetermined phase shift rule is that the m phases corresponding to the m unit control signals are respectively shifted by two m-th switching cycles as the m predetermined phases, so that The current ripple of the output current of the power output terminals of each of the two chopper units corresponding to the brush is the same, thereby generating a force couple moment in the motor, to avoid the shaft and the torque caused by the motor output torque ripple can not form a force couple moment
  • the friction torque between the bearings reduces the wear between the shaft and the bearings, and improves the performance and service life of the motor.
  • the following uses three pairs of brushes A1B1, A2B2, and A3B3 whose output currents have the same frequency of the current ripple but the phase is sequentially shifted by 1/3 of the switching cycle, and the switching frequency of the chopper is 1 kHz as an example.
  • the average value of the armature current of the parallel-excited DC motor in this embodiment 3 is the same as that of the conventional parallel-excited DC motor, the armature current ripple and ripple coefficient of the parallel-excited DC motor in this embodiment 3 are only traditional. One-ninth of the motor.
  • the excitation current ripple and ripple coefficient of the parallel-excited DC motor in this embodiment 3 are only those of the conventional motor. One in nine.
  • the peak-to-peak value and the ripple coefficient of the speed ripple of the parallel-excited DC motor 10 in the third embodiment are the same as the conventional ones.
  • the ratio of the parallel-excited DC motor is 1/26.7.
  • the parallel DC motor 10 in the third embodiment is basically the same as the average torque value of the conventional parallel DC motor
  • the ripple of the torque of the parallel DC motor 10 in the third embodiment The peak-to-peak and ripple coefficients are only one-ninth of the traditional parallel-excited DC motor, reducing the peak-to-peak and ripple coefficients of the output torque ripple of the motor, thereby reducing the peak-to-peak ripple of the motor output speed And ripple coefficient
  • the speed ripple coefficient of the parallel-excited DC motor in this third embodiment is only one-sixteenth of that of the traditional parallel-excited DC motor, which ultimately reduces the electromagnetic interference, vibration and noise of the motor and improves the parallel excitation The purpose of the performance of DC motors and drives.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel-excited DC motor driving device in Modification 3 of the present invention.
  • the parallel excitation DC motor drive device 100b' in the third modification includes a parallel excitation DC motor 10, a chopper 20b', a DC power supply 30', a sensor section 40, and a control section 50b'.
  • the chopper 20b' is composed of m chopper units 21b' corresponding to the m pairs of brushes 13, respectively.
  • Each chopper unit 21b' includes a first bridge arm 211b' and a second bridge arm 212b', and a first power output 2211b' and a second power output 2222b'.
  • the first upper bridge arm 2111b' includes p power switch tubes 21111b' connected in parallel to each other, the diode 210b' connected in reverse parallel with the power switch tube and the switch control terminal 21110b', and the first lower bridge arm 2112b' includes parallel connection to each other P power switch tubes 21121′, diode 210b′ connected in reverse parallel with the power switch tube and the switch control terminal 21120b′, the second upper bridge arm 2121b′ includes p power switch tubes 21211b′ connected in parallel with each other The diode 210b' and the switch control terminal 21210b' connected in anti-parallel to the switch, the second lower arm 2122b' includes p power switch 21212b' connected in parallel to each other, and the diode 210b' connected in anti-parallel to the power switch The switch control terminal 21220b', p is an integer not less than 2.
  • Each power switch tube has a control pole, all the control poles in each first upper arm 2111b' form the first upper arm switch control terminal 21110b', and all the controls in each first lower arm 2112b'
  • the poles form the first lower arm switch control terminal 21120b'
  • all the control poles in each second upper arm 2121b' form the second upper arm switch control terminal 21210b'
  • the second lower arm 2122b' All the control poles form the second lower arm switch control terminal 21220b'.
  • the power switch 21221b' of the bridge arm 2122b' has the same maximum output current I 1 , and the maximum current of the excited DC motor is I max , m satisfies the following conditions: m>I max ⁇ (k ⁇ p ⁇ I 1 ), k is the parallel coefficient, 1/p ⁇ k ⁇ 1.
  • p is 2-4, and the parallel technology is mature and reliable, which can appropriately reduce the number of m, reduce the workload and complexity in manufacturing, and improve the cost performance of the product.
  • the first power output terminal 2211b' is disposed between the first upper bridge arm 2111b' and the first lower bridge arm 2112b', and the second power output terminal 2212b' is disposed between the second upper bridge arm 2121b' and the second lower bridge arm 2122b 'between.
  • the m first power output terminals 2211b′ of all the chopper units 21b′ form m pairs of power output terminals 221b′ corresponding to the m second power output terminals 2212b′ of all the chopper units 21b′, respectively.
  • the output terminals 221b' and m are connected in one-to-one correspondence with the external terminal 151.
  • the DC power supply 30′ has m DC power supply units 31′ independent of each other and m pairs of power supply output terminals derived from each DC power supply unit 31′, the m pairs of power supply output terminals and m choppers Units 21b' are connected in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • Each pair of power supply output terminals includes a positive electrode 311' and a negative electrode 312', the positive electrode 311' is connected to the first upper bridge arm 2111b' and the second upper bridge arm 2121b' in the corresponding chopper unit 21b', and the negative electrode 312' is connected to The first lower bridge arm 2112b' and the second lower bridge arm 2122b' in the corresponding chopper unit 21b' are connected.
  • control section 50b' includes a controller 51b' and an amplifier 52b'.
  • the controller 51b' calculates, generates and outputs a control signal 511b' and an enable signal 512b' to the amplifier 52b' based on the external command signal and the output feedback signal and current feedback signal of the sensor unit 40.
  • the control signal 511b′ includes m unit control signals respectively corresponding to the m chopper units 21b′ and formed according to predetermined phase shift rules, and each unit control signal includes four switches in the corresponding chopper unit 21b′
  • the four switch control signals 5211b', 5212b', 5221b', 5222b' corresponding to the control terminals 21110b', 21120b', 21210b', 21220b'.
  • the enable signal 512b' is used to control the operating state of the amplifier 52b'.
  • the amplifier 52b' enters the working state under the control of the enable signal 512b', amplifies the four switch control signals in each unit control signal and provides them to the four switch control terminals 21110b', 21120b', 21210b', 21220b' .
  • the amplifier 52b' has m amplified signal output sections respectively corresponding to the m chopper units 21b', and each amplified signal output section is composed of four amplified signal output terminals 5211b', 5212b', 5221b', 5222b'.
  • the four amplified signal output terminals 5211b′, 5212b′, 5221b′, 5222b′ of each amplified signal output part are respectively connected to the four switch control terminals 21110b′, 21120b′, 21210b′, 21220b in the corresponding chopper unit 21b′ 'Corresponding connection, specifically: the amplified signal output terminal 5211b' is connected to the first upper arm switch control terminal 21110b', the amplified signal output terminal 5212b' is connected to the first lower bridge arm switch control terminal 21120b', and the amplified signal output The terminal 5221b' is connected to the second upper arm switch control terminal 21210b', and the amplified signal output terminal 5222b' is connected to the second lower arm switch control terminal 21220b'.
  • each chopper unit has a first power output terminal ,
  • the second power output terminal and w switch control terminals the control signal includes m unit control signals corresponding to m chopper units and formed according to a predetermined phase shift rule, each unit control signal includes a corresponding chopper W switch control signals corresponding to the w switch control terminals in the wave unit, the w switch control terminals are used to receive the w switch control signals correspondingly, and the m first power output terminals of all the chopper units are connected to all the choppers
  • the m second power output terminals of the unit respectively form m pairs of power output terminals, and the excitation winding part contains m excitation winding units.
  • Each excitation winding unit is formed by an insulated conductor strip composed of a metal wire wrapped with an insulation layer. Excitation coils are formed on at least one pair of main magnetic poles respectively.
  • the insulated conductor strips in each excitation winding unit have one end and the other end. The m ends of all the insulated conductor strips correspond to the m S poles in all brushes.
  • the brushes are electrically connected to form m first terminals, and at the same time, the m other ends of all insulated conductor bars are electrically connected to the m N poles of all brushes to form m second terminals; or, all insulated conductors
  • the m ends of the bar are electrically connected to the m N poles of all the brushes to form m first terminals, and at the same time, the m other ends of all the insulated conductor bars correspond to the m S poles of all the brushes
  • the brushes are electrically connected to form m second terminals, and the m first terminals correspond to the m second terminals respectively to form m pairs of external terminals, and m pairs of external terminals correspond to m pairs of power output terminals.
  • each pair of external terminals connects an excitation winding unit and a pair of brushes connected to each other in parallel excitation, so each excitation winding unit and the correspondingly connected pair of brushes are mutually connected
  • the current of each branch is also independent
  • each branch can work independently and is independently powered by a corresponding pair of power output terminals, that is: each pair of power output terminals only needs to bear the working current of one branch, Only one-mth of the rated input current of the motor.
  • control signal includes m switching control signals respectively corresponding to the m chopper units and formed according to a predetermined phase shift rule, the phases of the current ripple of each pair of power output terminals are different from each other, so that m The peak-to-peak value of the ripple after the superposition of the current ripples is reduced, thereby reducing the peak-to-peak value of the ripple of the output torque and speed, and improving the performance and life of the DC motor.
  • the parallel excitation DC motor drive device of the present invention has a simple structure, short connecting wires, simple production process, easy manufacturing, easy maintenance, low production cost and maintenance cost, and has the advantages of reasonable structural design, simple, high reliability and safety, etc.
  • each excitation winding unit is formed on the m pairs of main poles, when the brushes, excitation winding units, and connecting wires in the motor fail, you only need to shield the part where the failure occurs. Other normal parts can still work, avoiding the sudden loss of control of the traditional shunt DC motor, and improving the reliability and safety of the system.
  • the upper bridge arm in Embodiment 1 includes a power switch tube and the lower bridge arm includes a diode
  • the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm in Example 2 include only one power switch tube and are connected in antiparallel with the power switch tube
  • the first upper bridge arm, the first lower bridge arm, the second upper bridge arm, and the second lower bridge arm in Embodiment 3 all contain only one power switch tube and a diode connected in antiparallel with the power switch tube Therefore, the choppers in the first to third embodiments have a simple structure, reliability, high safety, easy control, and low cost.
  • the upper bridge arm in Modification 1 includes p power switch tubes connected in parallel to each other
  • the upper and lower bridge arms in Modification 2 each include p power switch tubes connected in parallel to each other.
  • the first upper bridge arm, the first lower bridge arm, the second upper bridge arm and the second lower bridge arm respectively include p power switch tubes connected in parallel with each other
  • p is a positive integer not less than 2, so, in the motor
  • the technology is relatively reliable and stable, it can increase the output current of each chopper unit to a certain extent, and can
  • reducing the value of m can not only reduce the number of brushes, reduce the number of power lines of the motor and the number of output lines of the chopper unit, reduce the difficulty of repair and maintenance, but also appropriately reduce production costs. It can also increase the heat dissipation area, reduce temperature rise, and improve reliability and life.
  • each DC power supply unit leads to a pair of power supply output terminals, so when the power supply output terminal or connection line of a certain DC power supply unit fails At the time, you only need to shield the part where the fault is located, and the other normal parts can still work. Not only can you avoid the sudden runaway of the traditional shunt DC motor in the case of a fault, improve the reliability and safety of the system, but also in the fault, The parallel-excited DC motor can also output a large effective torque to keep it in working condition.
  • a single large-capacity DC power supply is replaced by multiple independent and relatively small-capacity DC power supply units. Compared with the traditional parallel battery pack, the power supply is reduced due to the parallel connection when the number of power supply units is the same. The resulting overall performance degradation improves energy density, power, performance, durability and safety, and can provide better protection for the endurance and performance of electric equipment.
  • each amplifying unit is correspondingly connected to a chopper unit, an excitation winding unit, and a pair of brushes. Therefore, when any amplifying unit, When the chopper unit, the brush, and the excitation winding are faulty, the parallel excitation DC motor drive device of the present invention calculates the current value detected by the current sensor and determines the faulty amplifier unit, chopper unit, brush, and excitation winding , The control unit outputs an enable signal to stop the corresponding amplifier unit, so as to shield and isolate the damaged amplifier unit, chopper unit, brush, and excitation winding to avoid further expansion of the fault and ensure that the electric drive device and electric equipment can continue Normal operation or light-load operation greatly reduces the probability of safety accidents in electric equipment, especially high-speed electric equipment.
  • the field winding unit in the parallel-excitation DC motor is formed by separately forming field coils on the m pairs of main magnetic poles by the insulated conductor strips, however, the field winding unit may also be formed by the insulated conductor strips in a Excitation coils are formed on the main magnetic poles, respectively.
  • the following describes the modification of the field winding portion in the first embodiment as an example.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection of a parallel excitation DC motor drive device in a modification of the invention
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional circuit connection of a parallel-excited DC motor in a modification of the invention.
  • the stator 12c in the parallel excitation DC motor drive device 100c includes m pairs of main magnetic poles 121 and includes one excitation winding portion 122c.
  • Each pair of main magnetic poles 121 contains an S polar main magnetic pole 1211 and an N polar main magnetic pole 1212. Among all the main magnetic poles 121, the polarities of two adjacent main magnetic poles 121 are opposite.
  • the field winding portion 122c includes m field winding units 1221c, and the m field winding units 1221c respectively correspond to m pairs of main magnetic poles 121.
  • Each excitation winding unit 1221c is formed by forming an excitation coil 12211c on a corresponding pair of main magnetic poles 121 by an insulated conductor strip composed of a metal wire wrapped with an insulation layer.
  • the insulated conductor bar is any one of enameled wire and insulated copper conductor bar, and the insulated conductor bar is enameled wire.
  • the number of turns of the excitation coil 12211c on each main pole 121 is the same, so that the magnetic field of the motor during normal operation is uniform and the torque is constant.
  • the insulated conductor bar in each excitation winding unit 1221c has one end and the other end distinguished along the preset current direction of the excitation coil 12211c, and the S polarity main magnetic pole 1211 and the N polarity main magnetic pole 1212 in each pair of main magnetic poles 121 It corresponds to the winding direction of the exciting coil 12211c and the preset current direction of the exciting coil 12211c.
  • the current winding directions of the excitation coils 12211c of two adjacent main magnetic poles 121 are opposite.
  • connection relationship between the two field coils 12211c is either one of series and parallel, and the connection relationship between the two field coils 12211c in each field winding unit 1221c is the same.
  • connection relationship between the two excitation coils 12211c is in series.
  • Each pair of brushes 13 corresponds to the corresponding spatial position of each pair of main poles 121, so that the strength of the magnetic field in the armature winding can be kept maximum when other non-corresponding excitation winding units fail, so that the maximum Torque.
  • the lower arm in Embodiment 1 and Modification 1 includes a freewheeling diode
  • the upper and lower arms in Embodiment 2 and Modification 2 each include a diode connected in antiparallel to the power switch tube.
  • the first upper bridge arm, the first lower bridge arm, the second upper bridge arm, and the second lower bridge arm each include a diode connected in antiparallel to the power switch tube.
  • the corresponding upper bridge arm, lower bridge arm, first upper bridge arm, first lower bridge arm, second upper bridge arm, and second lower bridge arm may also include a plurality of serial connections connected in parallel to each other. Flow diode, in this case, when any one of the freewheeling diodes fails, the remaining diodes can also work normally, which helps to improve the reliability and safety of the system.
  • Embodiments 1 to 3 if the parallel-excited DC motor drive system of the present invention is required to work normally, the amplifier must be in the operating mode, therefore, the enable signal may not be applied to the amplifier.
  • m can also be determined according to the peak-to-peak value of the corresponding armature current, speed, and torque ripple. Ripple coefficient setting.
  • the upper and lower bridge arms in Embodiment 2 and Modification 2 and the first upper bridge arm, first lower bridge arm, second upper bridge arm, and second lower arm in Embodiment 3 and Modification 3 may also be a power switching device, which is equivalent to a power switching tube and a diode connected in antiparallel with the power switching tube.

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Abstract

一种并励式直流电机驱动装置以及电动设备。其中并励式直流电机驱动装置(100),包括:并励直流电机(10);直流电源(30);以及斩波器(20),基于控制信号将恒定电压转换为可变电压并提供给并励直流电机,其中,斩波器具有m个斩波单元(21),控制信号包含分别与m个斩波单元相对应并且按照预定相位错开规则而形成的m个单元控制信号,每一个单元控制信号包含与对应的斩波单元中的w个开关控制端(2110)相对应的w个开关控制信号,所有斩波单元的m个第一电源输出端(2211)与所有斩波单元的m个第二电源输出端(2212)分别相对应地形成m对电源输出端子(221),并励直流电机的m对外部接线端子(151)与m对电源输出端子一一对应连接,m为不小于2的正整数,w为1、2或4。

Description

并励式直流电机驱动装置以及电动设备 技术领域
本发明属于直流电机驱动装置领域,特别涉及一种并励式直流电机驱动装置以及包含该并励式直流电机驱动装置的电动设备。
背景技术
并励直流电机的励磁绕组与电枢绕组并联并共用同一电源,具有良好的调速性能、较大的启动转矩和过载能力强等优点,被广泛地应用于轧钢机、电力机车、大型机床主轴传动系统和船舶等中。
如图6所示,纵观电机发展几百年的历史,传统的并励式直流电机驱动装置200是由并励直流电机以及斩波器构成,并励直流电机只有一对外部接线端子,该一对外部接线端子与斩波器的一对电源输出端子对应电气连接。为了保证系统可靠性,斩波器的最大输出电流一般是电机额定电流的2到3倍。大功率高性能并励直流电机,特别是低压大电流并励直流电机,需要连续工作电流很大的斩波器。然而相关斩波器中的开关元器件价格昂贵,且市场上能够采购到的高性能电机所用斩波器的最大输出电流也仅仅是在一千安培以下,这严重制约和影响了低压大电流并励直流电机的发展。
斩波器是采用脉冲宽度调制技术控制功率开关管的导通和关断来改变输出电压和输出电流的,其输出电流纹波的峰峰值与电机输出转矩纹波和转速纹波的峰峰值成正比,又与功率开关管的开关频率成反比,而功率开关管的开关损耗(或温升、故障率)却与其开关频率成正比。因此,为了减小电机输出电流、转矩与转速的纹波的峰峰值,必须提高开关频率;而为了减小功率开关管的开关损耗,又必须降低其开关频率。这一个矛盾关系影响了并励直流电机驱动装置的发展,导致其在数控机床等对转速和转矩纹波的峰峰值要求严格的装置上难以应用。例如应用于国防设备中的并励直流电动机,由于隐身的需求需大幅度降低自身振动和噪声,也就是说对其输出转矩和电流的纹波的峰峰值要求特别严格。而目前,应用于大功率国防电动设备的传统型并励直流电机已经难以应对技术日益发达的侦查技术。
基于上述原因,并励式直流电机驱动装置的发展受到了制约和影响,进而影响了包括电动车、电动船、电动飞行器,乃至于国防上的电动战车、电动军舰、电动飞行器和电驱动航空母舰等电动设备的发展,影响了经济建设和国防建设。
发明内容
本发明是为解决上述问题而进行的,目的在于提供一种并励式直流电机驱动装置以及包含该并励式直流电机驱动装置的电动设备。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了下述技术方案:
<结构一>
本发明提供了一种并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于,包括:并励直流电机,具有额定电压;直流电源,具有与额定电压相对应的恒定电压;以及斩波器,基于控制信号将恒定电压转换为可变电压并提供给并励直流电机,其中,斩波器具有m个斩波单元,每个斩波单元具有第一电源输出端、第二电源输出端以及w个开关控制端,控制信号包含分别与m个斩波单元相对应并且按照预定相位错开规则而形成的m个单元控制信号,每一个单元控制信号包含与对应的斩波单元中的w个开关控制端相对应的w个开关控制信号,w个开关控制端用于对应地接收w个开关控制信号,所有斩波单元的m个第一电源输出端与所有斩波单元的m个第二电源输出端分别相对应地形成m对电源输出端子,并励直流电机包括:机壳;m对电刷,固定在机壳内;定子,设置在机壳内,包含与m对电刷相对应的m对主磁极并且包含一个励磁绕组部;以及转子,设置在定子内,包含采用预定的联结方式进行相 互联结的多个电枢绕组,每一对主磁极含有S极性主磁极和N极性主磁极,相邻的两个主磁极的极性不同,每一对电刷中的两个电刷的位置相邻,每一对电刷含有一个与S极性主磁极相对应的S极对应电刷和一个与N极性主磁极相对应的N极对应电刷,励磁绕组部含有m个励磁绕组单元,每一个励磁绕组单元通过由包裹有绝缘层的金属线构成的绝缘导体条在至少一对主磁极上分别制成励磁线圈而形成,每个励磁绕组单元中的绝缘导体条具有一端和另一端,所有绝缘导体条的m个一端与所有电刷中的m个S极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第一接线端,同时,所有绝缘导体条的m个另一端与所有电刷中的m个N极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第二接线端;或者,所有绝缘导体条的m个一端与所有电刷中的m个N极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第一接线端,同时,所有绝缘导体条的m个另一端与所有电刷中的m个S极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第二接线端,m个第一接线端与m个第二接线端分别相对应地形成m对外部接线端子,m对外部接线端子与m对电源输出端子一一对应连接,m为不小于2的正整数,w为1、2或4。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,w为1,每个斩波单元还具有相互串联连接的上桥臂和下桥臂,上桥臂与直流电源的正极相连接,下桥臂与直流电源的负极相连接,上桥臂包含至少一个功率开关管以及开关控制端,每一个功率开关管具有一个控制极,开关控制端基于控制极而形成,下桥臂包含至少一个二极管,第一电源输出端设置在上桥臂与下桥臂之间,第二电源输出端设置在下桥臂与直流电源相连接的端部。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,预定相位错开规则是m个开关控制信号的相位分别依次错开m分之一开关周期;或者,m为偶数,预定相位错开规则是m个开关控制信号的相位分别依次错开m分之二开关周期。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,w为2,每个斩波单元还具有相互串联连接的上桥臂和下桥臂,上桥臂与直流电源的正极相连接,下桥臂与直流电源的负极相连接,上桥臂和下桥臂分别包含至少一个功率开关管、与功率开关管反向并联连接的至少一个二极管以及开关控制端,每一个功率开关管具有一个控制极,开关控制端基于控制极而形成,上桥臂中的开关控制端作为上桥臂开关控制端、下桥臂中的开关控制端作为下桥臂开关控制端用于对应地接收两个开关控制信号,第一电源输出端设置在上桥臂与下桥臂之间,第二电源输出端设置在下桥臂与直流电源相连接的端部。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,预定相位错开规则是m个单元控制信号分别对应的m个相位作为m个预定相位依次错开m分之一开关周期,在每一个斩波单元中,上桥臂开关控制端所对应的开关控制信号设定为基准开关控制信号,该基准开关控制信号的相位根据单元控制信号所对应的预定相位而定,下桥臂开关控制端所对应的开关控制信号与基准开关控制信号设定为互反;或者,m为偶数,预定相位错开规则是m个单元控制信号分别所对应的m个相位作为m个预定相位依次错开m分之二开关周期,在每一个斩波单元中,上桥臂开关控制端所对应的开关控制信号设定为基准开关控制信号,该基准开关控制信号的相位根据单元控制信号所对应的预定相位而定,下桥臂开关控制端所对应的开关控制信号与基准开关控制信号设定为互反。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,w为4,每个斩波单元还具有相互并联连接的第一桥臂和第二桥臂,第一桥臂包含相互串联连接的第一上桥臂和第一下桥臂,第二桥臂包含相互串联连接的第二上桥臂和第二下桥臂,第一上桥臂以及第二上桥臂都与直流电源的正极相连接,第一下桥臂以及第二下桥臂都与直流电源的负极相连接,第一上桥臂、第一下桥臂、第二上桥臂以及第二下桥臂分别包含至少一个功率开关管、与功率开关管反向并联连接的至少一个二极管以及开关控制端,每一个功率开关管具有一个控制极,开关控制端基于控制极而形成,第一上桥臂中的开关控制端作为第一上桥臂开 关控制端、第一下桥臂中的开关控制端作为第一下桥臂开关控制端、第二上桥臂中的开关控制端作为第二上桥臂开关控制端、第二下桥臂中的开关控制端作为第二下桥臂开关控制端用于对应地接收四个开关控制信号,第一电源输出端设置在第一上桥臂与第一下桥臂之间,第二电源输出端设置在第二上桥臂与第二下桥臂之间。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,预定相位错开规则是m个单元控制信号分别所对应的m个相位作为m个预定相位依次错开m分之一开关周期,在每一个斩波单元中,第一上桥臂开关控制端和第二下桥臂开关控制端所对应的两个开关控制信号设定为基准开关控制信号,该基准开关控制信号的相位根据单元控制信号所对应的预定相位而定,第一下桥臂开关控制端和第二上桥臂开关控制端所对应的两个开关控制信号与基准开关控制信号设定为互反;或者,m为偶数,预定相位错开规则是m个单元控制信号分别所对应的m个相位作为m个预定相位依次错开m分之二开关周期,在每一个斩波单元中,第一上桥臂开关控制端和第二下桥臂开关控制端所对应的两个开关控制信号设定为基准开关控制信号,该基准开关控制信号的相位根据单元控制信号所对应的预定相位而定,第一下桥臂开关控制端和第二上桥臂开关控制端所对应的两个开关控制信号与基准开关控制信号设定为互反。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,直流电源具有m对与m个斩波单元分别相连接的供电输出端子。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,直流电源由相互独立的m个直流电源单元构成,每个直流电源单元具有一对供电输出端子。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:还包括:控制部,包括控制器和放大器,其中,控制器根据预定相位错开规则生成m个单元控制信号,放大器对每一个单元控制信号中的w个开关控制信号进行放大并提供给对应的斩波单元中的w个开关控制端。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,w为1,放大器由相互独立的m个放大单元构成,该m个放大单元分别与m个斩波单元相对应,每个放大单元都具有一个与开关控制端对应连接的放大信号输出端。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,w为2或4,放大器由相互独立的m个放大单元构成,该m个放大单元分别与m个斩波单元相对应,每个放大单元设有一个放大信号输出部,该放大信号输出部由w个放大信号输出端构成。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,控制器还生成与m个放大单元分别相对应的m个使能信号,每一个使能信号用于控制对应的放大单元的工作状态。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,m个励磁绕组单元与m对主磁极分别相对应,每一个励磁绕组单元中的绝缘导体条形成在相对应的一对主磁极上。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,各个主磁极上的励磁线圈的匝数相同,每一对主磁极与相对应的一对电刷的空间位置相对应,在每个励磁绕组单元中,两个励磁线圈的连接关系是串联和并联中的任意一种,各个励磁绕组单元中的两个励磁线圈的连接关系相同。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,每一个励磁绕组单元中的绝缘导体条形成在m对主磁极上。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,各个主磁极上的m个励磁线圈的绕制方向和匝数相同,在每个励磁绕组单元中,2m个励磁线圈的连接关系是串联、并联和串并联中的任意一种,各个励磁绕组单元中的2m个励磁线圈的连接关系 相同。
本发明提供的并励式直流电机驱动装置,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,预定的联结方式是单叠、复叠和复波中的任意一种。
<结构二>
本发明还提供了一种电动设备,其特征在于,包括:并励式直流电机驱动装置,其中,并励式直流电机驱动装置为<结构一>的并励式直流电机驱动装置。
本发明提供的电动设备,还可以具有这样的特征:其中,电动设备为轧钢机、电力机车、大型机床主轴传动系统以及船舶中的任意一种。
发明的作用与效果
根据本发明所涉及的并励式直流电机驱动装置以及包含该并励式直流电机驱动装置的电动设备,因为斩波器具有m个斩波单元,每个斩波单元具有第一电源输出端、第二电源输出端以及w个开关控制端,控制信号包含分别与m个斩波单元相对应并且按照预定相位错开规则而形成的m个单元控制信号,每一个单元控制信号包含与对应的斩波单元中的w个开关控制端相对应的w个开关控制信号,w个开关控制端用于对应地接收w个开关控制信号,所有斩波单元的m个第一电源输出端与所有斩波单元的m个第二电源输出端分别相对应地形成m对电源输出端子,励磁绕组部含有m个励磁绕组单元,每一个励磁绕组单元通过由包裹有绝缘层的金属线构成的绝缘导体条在至少一对主磁极上分别制成励磁线圈而形成,每个励磁绕组单元中的绝缘导体条具有一端和另一端,所有绝缘导体条的m个一端与所有电刷中的m个S极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第一接线端,同时,所有绝缘导体条的m个另一端与所有电刷中的m个N极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第二接线端;或者,所有绝缘导体条的m个一端与所有电刷中的m个N极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第一接线端,同时,所有绝缘导体条的m个另一端与所有电刷中的m个S极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第二接线端,m个第一接线端与m个第二接线端分别相对应地形成m对外部接线端子,m对外部接线端子与m对电源输出端子一一对应连接,也就是说,每对外部接线端子连接了相互并励连接的一个励磁绕组单元和一对电刷,所以,每个励磁绕组单元和对应连接的一对电刷所构成的支路是相互独立的,每条支路的电流也是独立的,每条支路都能够独立工作并由相对应的一对电源输出端子独立供电,即:每对电源输出端子只要承担一条支路的工作电流,只有电机额定输入电流的m分之一。因此,即使对于额定输入电流很大的电机,只要m足够大,每条支路的工作电流或者每对电源输出端子的输出电流就会相对应的减小,使得电源输出端子的输出电流可以小到不需要采用功率模块或并联均流技术而使用普通的功率开关管即可满足大功率高性能电机的要求,不仅降低了直流电源的成本,还降低了外部接线端子与电源输出端子之间的连接线和连接件对接触电阻和绝缘的要求,降低了生产制造的难度,有助于提高系统的可靠性和安全性。
并且,因为控制信号包含分别与m个斩波单元相对应并且按照预定相位错开规则而形成的m个开关控制信号,所以,每对电源输出端子的电流纹波的相位互不相同,从而使得m个电流纹波叠加后的纹波的峰峰值减小,进而减小了输出转矩和转速的纹波的峰峰值,提高了并励直流电机的性能和寿命。
综上,本发明的并励式直流电机驱动装置结构简单、连接线短、生产工艺简单,制造容易,维修方便,生产成本和维护成本低,具有结构设计合理、简单、可靠性和安全性高等优点,使得该发明不但可以应用于电动汽车、电动搬运车、轨道车、观光游览车、货车、船舶等大负荷电动设备,而且还可以应用于数控机床和潜艇等高性能电动设备。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;
图2为本发明实施例一中m=3的状态下的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;
图3为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的纵向剖面示意图;
图4为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的横向剖面电路连接示意图;
图5为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的电枢绕组单叠联结展开示意图;
图6为传统的并励直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;
图7为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机三对电刷的输入电流波形图;
图8为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机三个励磁绕组单元的输入电流波形图;
图9为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的电枢电流和传统的并励直流电机的电枢电流比较图;
图10为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的励磁电流和传统的并励直流电机的励磁电流比较图;
图11为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的转矩和传统的并励直流电机的转矩比较图;
图12为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的转速和传统的并励直流电机的转速比较图;
图13为本发明变形例一中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;
图14为本发明实施例二中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;
图15为本发明实施例二中m=3的状态下的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;
图16为本发明变形例二中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;
图17为本发明实施例三中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;
图18为本发明实施例三中m=3的状态下的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;
图19为本发明变形例三中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;
图20为本发明变形例中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;
图21为本发明变形例中m=3的状态下的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;以及
图22为本发明变形例中的并励直流电机的横向剖面电路连接示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图来说明本发明的具体实施方式。
<实施例一>
图1为本发明实施例一中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;图2为本发明实施例一中m=3的状态下的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图。
如图1和图2所示,本实施例一中的并励式直流电机驱动装置100设置在电动设备如轧钢机、电力机车、大型机床主轴传动系统以及船舶内,用于驱动电动设备。该并励式直流电机驱动装置100包括并励直流电机10、斩波器20、直流电源30、传感部40以及控制部50。
图3为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的纵向剖面示意图;图4为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的横向剖面电路连接示意图。
如图1至图4所示,并励直流电机10具有额定电压和额定电流,包括机壳11、定子12、电刷13、转子14以及接线盒(图未示)。如图1所示,根据额定电流的值将电刷13的对数设置为m,m为不小于2的整数。如图2和图4所示,本实施例一中m设置为3。
如图1至图4所示,定子12设置在机壳11内,包含3对共6个主磁极121以及一个励磁绕组部122;每个主磁极121上包含3个励磁线圈12211,每个励磁线圈12211通过由包裹有绝缘层的导体构成的绝缘导体在主磁极121上分别绕制而成,绝缘导体条为漆包线和绝 缘铜导条中的任意一种,本实施例中,绝缘导体条为漆包线。本实施例一中,每个主磁极121上的3个励磁线圈12211的绕制方向和匝数相同。
如图2至图4所示,每一个主磁极121上分别提取一个励磁线圈12211共6个励磁线圈12211连接成一个励磁绕组单元1221,励磁绕组部122含有3个励磁绕组单元1221,每个励磁绕组单元1221中的绝缘导体条具有根据励磁线圈12211的预设电流方向而区分的一端和另一端,每一对主磁极含有与励磁线圈12211绕制方向和励磁线圈12211的预设电流方向相对应的S极性主磁极1211和N极性主磁极1212。
在每个励磁绕组单元1221中,6个励磁线圈12211的连接关系是串联、并联和串并联中的任意一种,而且各个励磁绕组单元1221中的6个励磁线圈12211的连接关系相同,本实施例一中,6个励磁线圈12211的连接关系是串联。
如图3和图4所示,3对共6个电刷13设置在机壳11内,每一对电刷13含有一个与S极性主磁极1211相对应的S极对应电刷131和一个与N极性主磁极1212相对应的N极对应电刷132。
电刷13是窄电刷和宽电刷中的任意一种,本实施例一中电刷13是窄电刷。每个电刷13包含一个电刷本体或至少两个沿电机轴向布置并在电气上并联的分开成形的电刷本体;当电刷13包含至少两个电刷本体时,能够使得每个电刷与换向器的实际接触面积增大,从而改善了电刷的换向性能。如图2至图4所示,本实施例一中电刷13包含一个电刷本体。
如图1所示,所有励磁绕组单元1221的绝缘导体条的m个一端与所有电刷13中的m个N极对应电刷132电气连接形成m个第一接线端1511,同时,所有励磁绕组单元1221的绝缘导体条的m个另一端与所有电刷13中的m个S极对应电刷131电气连接形成m个第二接线端1512,m个第一接线端1511与m个第二接线端1512分别相对应地形成m对外部接线端子。当然,也可根据需要,所有励磁绕组单元1221的绝缘导体条的m个一端与所有电刷13中的m个S极对应电刷131电气连接形成m个第一接线端1511,同时,所有励磁绕组单元1221的所有绝缘导体条的m个另一端与所有电刷中的m个N极对应电刷132电气连接形成m个第二接线端1512。
本实施例一中,如图2和图4所示,第一接线端1511与第二接线端1512相对应地形成1对外部接线端子151,第一接线端1521与第二接线端1522相对应地形成1对外部接线端子152,第一接线端1531与第二接线端1532相对应地形成1对接线端子153。
图5为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的电枢绕组单叠联结展开示意图。
如图1至图4所示,转子14设置在定子12内,包含采用预定的联结方式进行相互联结的多个电枢绕组141,电枢绕组141的数目设置为2m×q个,预定的联结方式是单叠、复叠和复波中的任意一种。本实施例一中,如图5所示,多个电枢绕组141的联结方式是单叠,相邻2个电刷13连接一条电枢绕组支路,每条电枢绕组支路含有q个电枢绕组141。
接线盒(图未示)固定在机壳11上,如图2和图4所示,3对外部接线端子151、152和153被设置在接线盒内。
如图1所示,斩波器20是基于控制部50发出的控制信号将直流电源30的恒压电压转换为平均电压可控的可变电压,并提供给并励直流电机10。该斩波器20包括与m对电刷13分别相对应的m个斩波单元21。本实施例一中,如图2所示,斩波器20包括3个斩波单元21。
每个斩波单元21包含相互串联连接的上桥臂211和下桥臂212、以及第一电源输出端2211和第二电源输出端2212。
上桥臂211包含1个功率开关管2111以及开关控制端2110,下桥臂212包含1个续流二极管2121。功率开关管2111具有一个控制极,该控制极形成开关控制端2110。
当所有功率开关管2111具有相同的最大输出电流I 1,并励直流电机10的最大电流为I max 时,m满足下述条件:m>I max÷I 1。最大输出电流是功率开关管的一个重要参数,只有在这个电流值以下时,功率开关管才有可能稳定运行,如果工作电流超过这个电流值,功率开关管就会由于过流而被击穿,从而损坏。
本实施例一中,所有功率开关管均为半控型或全控型器件,半控型器件为普通晶闸管,全控型器件为电力场效应晶体管、门极可关断晶闸管、集成门极换流晶闸管、绝缘栅双极型晶体管以及电力双极型晶体管中的任意一种。
如图1所示,第一电源输出端2211设置在上桥臂211与下桥臂212之间,第二电源输出端2212设置在下桥臂211与直流电源30相连接的端部。所有斩波单元21的m个第一电源输出端2211与所有斩波单元21的m个第二电源输出端2212分别相对应地形成m对电源输出端子221,该m对电源输出端子221与m对外部接线端子151一一对应连接。
本实施例一中,如图2所示,第一电源输出端2211与第二电源输出端2212相对应地形成1对电源输出端子221,第一电源输出端2221与第二电源输出端2222相对应地形成1对电源输出端子222,第一电源输出端2231与第二电源输出端2232相对应地形成1对电源输出端子223,3对电源输出端子221、222和223与3对外部接线端子151、152和153一一对应连接。
如图1和图2所示,直流电源30具有与并励直流电机10的额定电压相对应的恒定电压,具有与m个斩波单元21一一对应连接的m对供电输出端子。每一对供电输出端子包含正极311和负极312,正极311与对应的斩波单元21中的上桥臂211相连接,负极312与对应的斩波单元21中的下桥臂212相连接。
如图1和图2所示,控制部50接收一个与并励直流电机10输出的位移、转速或转矩相对应的外部指令信号。
传感部40用于对并励直流电机10的物理量进行检测并输出反馈信号给控制部50。该传感部40包括输出传感器41以及电流传感器42。
输出传感器41对并励直流电机10输出的位移、转速或转矩进行检测并输出相对应的输出反馈信号给控制部50。
电流传感器42对并励直流电机10中的电刷引出线的线电流值进行检测并输出相对应的电流反馈信号给控制部50。
控制部50包括控制器51和放大器52。
控制器51根据外部指令信号以及传感部40的输出反馈信号和电流反馈信号计算生成并输出控制信号511和使能信号512给放大器52。控制信号511包含分别与m个斩波单元21相对应且按照预定相位错开规则而形成的m个开关控制信号,使能信号512用于控制放大器52的工作状态。
放大器52在使能信号512的控制下进入工作状态,并对m个开关控制信号进行放大并对应地提供给m个开关控制端2110。该放大器52具有分别与m个斩波单元21相对应的m个放大信号输出端521,m个放大信号输出端521与m个开关控制端2110一一对应连接。
本实施例一中,预定相位错开规则是m个开关控制信号的相位分别依次错开m分之一开关周期,使得m个斩波单元的电源输出端子的输出电流的电流纹波叠加后的纹波的峰峰值减小,从而减小输出转矩和转速的纹波的峰峰值,进而提高并励直流电机的性能和寿命。当然,也可根据需要,在m为偶数时,预定相位错开规则是m个开关控制信号的相位分别依次错开m分之二开关周期,使得空间相对的每两对电刷所对应的每两个斩波单元的电源输出端子的输出电流的电流纹波相同,从而在电机中产生力偶矩,避免由于电机输出转矩纹波不能形成力偶矩所引起的轴与轴承之间的摩擦力矩,减小轴与轴承之间的磨损,提高电机的性能和使用寿命。
图7为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机三对电刷的输入电流波形图;图8为本发明实施 例中的并励直流电机三个励磁绕组单元的输入电流波形图;图9为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的电枢电流和传统的并励直流电机的电枢电流比较图;图10为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的励磁电流和传统的并励直流电机的励磁电流比较图;图11为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的转矩和传统的并励直流电机的转矩比较图;图12为本发明实施例中的并励直流电机的转速和传统的并励直流电机的转速比较图。
在稳定状态下,电流纹波的峰峰值为最大值和最小值之差,纹波系数为峰峰值与平均值的百分比。下面以输出电流的电流纹波的频率都相同但相位依次错开1/3开关周期的三对电刷A1B1、A2B2和A3B3并且斩波器的开关频率均为1千赫兹为例,进行说明。
如图7所示,本实施例一中的并励直流电机三对电刷A1B1、A2B2和A3B3的输入电流纹波的峰峰值都等于99.31-87.33=11.99安培,平均值都等于93.32安培,纹波系数都等于11.99/93.32×100%=12.84%。
如图8所示,本实施例一中的并励直流电机的三个励磁绕组单元1221、1222和1223的输入电流纹波的峰峰值都等于61.97-61.37=0.60安培,平均值都等于61.67安培,纹波系数都等于0.60/61.67×100%=0.97%。
如图9所示,在稳定状态下,本实施例一中的并励直流电机的电枢电流等于三对电刷A1B1、A2B2和A3B3的电流之和,电枢电流的纹波的峰峰值为281.95-277.98=3.97安培,平均值等于279.97安培,纹波系数都等于3.97/279.97×100%=1.42%。传统的并励直流电机的电枢电流纹波的峰峰值等于297.94-261.98=35.96安培,平均值等于279.97安培,纹波系数等于35.96/279.97×100%=12.84%。虽然本实施例一中的并励直流电机和传统的并励直流电机的电枢电流平均值相同,但是本实施例中的并励直流电机的电枢电流纹波和纹波系数都只有传统电机的九分之一。
如图10所示,在稳定状态下,本实施例一中的并励直流电机的励磁电流等于三个励磁绕组单元1221、1222和1223的电流之和,励磁电流的纹波的峰峰值为185.10-184.90=0.2安培,平均值等于185.0安培,纹波系数都等于0.2/185×100%=0.11%。传统的并励直流电机的电枢电流纹波的峰峰值等于185.9-184.1=1.8安培,平均值等于185.0安培,纹波系数等于1.8/185.0×100%=0.97%。虽然本实施例一中的并励直流电机和传统的并励直流电机的励磁电流平均值相同,但是本实施例一中的并励直流电机的励磁电流纹波和纹波系数都只有传统电机的九分之一。
已知,并励直流电机的电磁转矩和运动方程如下
Figure PCTCN2019074395-appb-000001
其中,T em为电磁转矩;C T为转矩常数;Φ为主磁场的磁通;L af为励磁绕组部和电枢绕组的互感,为常数;I f为励磁电流;I a为电枢电流;T load为负载转矩;J为负载的转动惯量,为常数;Ω为输出角速度。
在本实施例一中,并励直流电机的输入电流等于电枢电流和励磁电流之和,并励直流电机的额定输入电流是电机在额定工作状态下的最大输入电流。
在式(1)中,电磁转矩T em与电枢电流I a和主磁场的磁通Φ乘积成正比,直流电机的主磁场是由斩波器供电的励磁绕组部激励的,根据式(1)可知,电磁转矩T em与电枢电流I a和励磁电流I f的乘积成正比,励磁电流I f的纹波系数和电枢电流I a的纹波系数将导致电磁转矩T em产生更大的纹波系数、输出角速度Ω的脉动或纹波更大,驱动装置和电动设备的性能更差。
在本实施例一中,L af取为1,在稳定状态下,如图11所示,本实施例中的并励直流的 电机转矩纹波的峰峰值等于52188.25-51398.38=789.87N.m,平均值等于51793.56N.m,纹波系数等于1.53%。传统的并励直流电机的转矩纹波的峰峰值等于55386.15-48229.93=7156.21N.m,平均值等于51798.89N.m,纹波系数等于13.82%。
如图12所示,在稳定状态下,本实施例一中的并励直流电机10的转速纹波的峰峰值等于1725.5157-1725.5142=0.0015转/分钟,平均值等于1725.515转/分钟,纹波系数等于0.000087%。传统的并励直流电机的转速纹波的峰峰值等于1725.535-1725.4949=0.0401转/分钟,平均值等于1725.515转/分钟,纹波系数等于0.002324%。虽然本实施例一中的并励直流电机10和传统的并励直流电机的转速平均值相同,但是本实施例一中的并励直流电机10的转速纹波的峰峰值和纹波系数与传统的并励直流电机的比值为1/26.7。
也就是说,本实施例一中的并励直流电机10尽管和传统的并励直流电机的转矩平均值基本相同,但是本实施例一中的并励直流电机10的转矩的纹波的峰峰值和纹波系数都只有传统的并励直流电机的九分之一,减小电机的输出转矩的纹波的峰峰值和纹波系数,进而减小电机输出转速的纹波的峰峰值和纹波系数,本实施例一中的并励直流电机转速纹波系数只有传统的并励直流电机的二十六分之一,最终实现减小电机的电磁干扰、振动和噪声,提高并励直流电机和驱动装置的性能的目的。
<变形例一>
在本变形例一中,对于和实施例一相同的结构,给予相同的符号并省略相同的说明。
图13为本发明变形例一中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图。
如图13所示,本变形例一中的并励式直流电机驱动装置100′包括包括并励直流电机10、斩波器20′、直流电源30′、传感部40以及控制部50′。
如图13所示,斩波器20′由与m对电刷13分别相对应的m个斩波单元21′所构成。
每个斩波单元21′包含相互串联连接的上桥臂211′和下桥臂212′以及第一电源输出端2211′和第二电源输出端2212′。
上桥臂211′包含相互并联连接的p个功率开关管2111′以及开关控制端2110′,p为不小于2的正整数,下桥臂212′包含1个续流二极管2121′。每一个功率开关管2111′都具有一个控制极,每个上桥臂211′中的所有控制极形成开关控制端2110′。
当所有功率开关管2111′具有相同的最大输出电流I 1,并励直流电机10的最大电流为I max,m满足下述条件:m>I max÷(k×p×I 1),k为并联系数,1/p<k<1。
在本变形例一中,p为2-4,并联的技术成熟、可靠,可以适当减少m的数量,减少生产制造中的工作量和复杂程度,提高产品的性价比。
第一电源输出端2211′设置在上桥臂211′与下桥臂212′之间,第二电源输出端2212′设置在下桥臂211′与直流电源30′相连接的端部。所有斩波单元21′的m个第一电源输出端2211′与所有斩波单元21′的m个第二电源输出端2212′分别相对应地形成m对电源输出端子221′,该m对电源输出端子221′与m对外部接线端子151一一对应连接。
如图13所示,直流电源30′具有相互独立的m个直流电源单元31′以及从每一个直流电源单元31′所引出的m对供电输出端子,该m对供电输出端子与m个斩波单元21′一一对应连接。每一对供电输出端子包含正极311′和负极312′,正极311′与对应的斩波单元21′中的上桥臂211′相连接,负极312′与对应的斩波单元21′中的下桥臂212′相连接。
如图13所示,控制部50′包括控制器51′和放大器52′。
控制器51′根据外部指令信号以及传感部40的输出反馈信号和电流反馈信号计算生成并输出控制信号511′和使能信号512′给放大器52′。控制信号511′包含分别与m个斩波单元21′相对应且按照预定相位错开规则而形成的m个开关控制信号,使能信号512′用于控制放大器52′的工作状态。
放大器52′在使能信号512′的控制下进入工作状态,并对m个开关控制信号进行放大并对应地提供给m个开关控制端2110′。该放大器52′由相互独立的m个放大单元521′构成,该m个放大单元521′分别与m个斩波单元21′相对应,每个放大单元521′具有一个放大信号输出端5211′,m个放大信号输出端5211′与m个开关控制端2110′一一对应连接。
<实施例二>
在本实施例二中,对于和实施例一相同的结构,给予相同的符号并省略相同的说明。
图14为本发明实施例二中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;图15为本发明实施例二中m=3的状态下的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图。
如图14和图15所示,本实施例二中的并励式直流电机驱动装置100a包括并励直流电机10、斩波器20a、直流电源30、传感部40以及控制部50a。
如图14所示,斩波器20a是基于控制部50a发出的控制信号将直流电源30的恒压电压转换为平均电压可控的可变电压,并提供给并励直流电机10。该斩波器20a包括与m对电刷13分别相对应的m个斩波单元21a。本实施例二中,如图15所示,斩波器20a包括3个斩波单元21a。
每个斩波单元21a包含相互串联连接的上桥臂211a和下桥臂212a、以及第一电源输出端2211a和第二电源输出端2212a。
上桥臂211a包含1个功率开关管2111a、与功率开关管2111a反向并联联结的二极管210a以及上桥臂开关控制端2110a,下桥臂212a包含1个功率开关管2121a、与功率开关管2121a反向并联连接的二极管210a以及下桥臂开关控制端2120a。
当所有上桥臂211a的功率开关管2111a以及所有下桥臂212a的功率开关管2121a具有相同的最大输出电流I 1,并励直流电机10的最大电流为I max时,m满足下述条件:m>I max÷I 1
本实施例二中,所有功率开关管均为半控型或全控型器件,半控型器件为普通晶闸管,全控型器件为电力场效应晶体管、门极可关断晶闸管、集成门极换流晶闸管、绝缘栅双极型晶体管以及电力双极型晶体管中的任意一种。
如图14所示,第一电源输出端2211a设置在上桥臂211a与下桥臂212a之间,第二电源输出端2212a设置在下桥臂212a与直流电源30相连接的端部。所有斩波单元21a的m个第一电源输出端2211a与所有斩波单元21a的m个第二电源输出端2212a分别相对应地形成m对电源输出端子221a,该m对电源输出端子221a与m对外部接线端子151一一对应连接。
本实施例二中,如图15所示,第一电源输出端2211a与第二电源输出端2212a相对应地形成1对电源输出端子221a,第一电源输出端2221a与第二电源输出端2222a相对应地形成1对电源输出端子222a,第一电源输出端2231a与第二电源输出端2232a相对应地形成1对电源输出端子223a,3对电源输出端子221a、222a和223a与3对外部接线端子151、152和153一一对应连接。
如图14和图15所示,直流电源30具有与m个斩波单元21a一一对应连接的m对供电输出端子。每一对供电输出端子中的正极311与对应的斩波单元21a中的上桥臂211a相连接,负极312与对应的斩波单元21a中的下桥臂212a相连接。
如图14和图15所示,控制部50a包括控制器51a和放大器52a。
控制器51a根据外部指令信号以及传感部40的输出反馈信号和电流反馈信号计算生成并输出控制信号511a和使能信号512a给放大器52a。控制信号511a包含分别与m个斩波单元21a相对应且按照预定相位错开规则而形成的m个单元控制信号,每一个单元控制信号包含与对应的斩波单元21a中的两个开关控制端2110a、2120a相对应的两个开关控制信号521a、522a。使能信号512a用于控制放大器52a的工作状态。
放大器52a在使能信号512a的控制下进入工作状态,对每一个单元控制信号中的两个开关控制信号进行放大并提供给两个开关控制端2110a、2120a。该放大器52a具有分别与m个斩波单元21a相对应的m个放大信号输出部,每一个放大信号输出部由两个放大信号输出端521a、522a构成。每一个放大信号输出部的两个放大信号输出端521a、522a分别与对应的斩波单元21a中的两个开关控制端2110a、2120a对应连接,具体为:放大信号输出端521a与上桥臂开关控制端2110a相连接,放大信号输出端522a与下桥臂开关控制端2120a相连接。
本实施例二中,预定相位错开规则是m个单元控制信号分别对应的m个相位作为m个预定相位依次错开m分之一开关周期,在每一个斩波单元中,上桥臂开关控制端所对应的开关控制信号设定为基准开关控制信号,该基准开关控制信号的相位根据单元控制信号所对应的预定相位而定,下桥臂开关控制端所对应的开关控制信号与基准开关控制信号设定为互反,使得m个斩波单元的电源输出端子的输出电流的电流纹波叠加后的纹波的峰峰值减小,从而减小输出转矩和转速的纹波的峰峰值,进而提高并励直流电机的性能和寿命。当然,也可根据需要,在m为偶数时,预定相位错开规则是m个单元控制信号分别所对应的m个相位作为m个预定相位依次错开m分之二开关周期,使得空间相对的每两对电刷所对应的每两个斩波单元的电源输出端子的输出电流的电流纹波相同,从而在电机中产生力偶矩,避免由于电机输出转矩纹波不能形成力偶矩所引起的轴与轴承之间的摩擦力矩,减小轴与轴承之间的磨损,提高电机的性能和使用寿命。
下面以输出电流的电流纹波的频率都相同但相位依次错开1/3开关周期的三对电刷A1B1、A2B2和A3B3并且斩波器的开关频率均为1千赫兹为例,进行说明。
如图7所示,本实施例二中的并励直流电机三对电刷A1B1、A2B2和A3B3的输入电流纹波的峰峰值都等于99.31-87.33=11.99安培,平均值都等于93.32安培,纹波系数都等于11.99/93.32×100%=12.84%。
如图8所示,本实施例二中的并励直流电机的三个励磁绕组单元1221、1222和1223的输入电流纹波的峰峰值都等于61.97-61.37=0.60安培,平均值都等于61.67安培,纹波系数都等于0.60/61.67×100%=0.97%。
如图9所示,在稳定状态下,本实施例二中的并励直流电机的电枢电流等于三对电刷A1B1、A2B2和A3B3的电流之和,电枢电流的纹波的峰峰值为281.95-277.98=3.97安培,平均值等于279.97安培,纹波系数都等于3.97/279.97×100%=1.42%。传统的并励直流电机的电枢电流纹波的峰峰值等于297.94-261.98=35.96安培,平均值等于279.97安培,纹波系数等于35.96/279.97×100%=12.84%。虽然本实施例二中的并励直流电机和传统的并励直流电机的电枢电流平均值相同,但是本实施例二中的并励直流电机的电枢电流纹波和纹波系数都只有传统电机的九分之一。
如图10所示,在稳定状态下,本实施例二中的并励直流电机的励磁电流等于三个励磁绕组单元1221、1222和1223的电流之和,励磁电流的纹波的峰峰值为185.10-184.90=0.2安培,平均值等于185.0安培,纹波系数都等于0.2/185×100%=0.11%。传统的并励直流电机的电枢电流纹波的峰峰值等于185.9-184.1=1.8安培,平均值等于185.0安培,纹波系数等于1.8/185.0×100%=0.97%。虽然本实施例二中的并励直流电机和传统的并励直流电机的励磁电流平均值相同,但是本实施例二中的并励直流电机的励磁电流纹波和纹波系数都只有传统电机的九分之一。
在本实施例二中,L af取为1,在稳定状态下,如图11所示,本实施例二中的并励直流的电机转矩纹波的峰峰值等于52188.25-51398.38=789.87N.m,平均值等于51793.56N.m,纹波系数等于1.53%。传统的并励直流电机的转矩纹波的峰峰值等于55386.15-48229.93=7156.21N.m,平均值等于51798.89N.m,纹波系数等于13.82%。
如图12所示,在稳定状态下,本实施例二中的并励直流电机10的转速纹波的峰峰值等于1725.5157-1725.5142=0.0015转/分钟,平均值等于1725.515转/分钟,纹波系数等于0.000087%。传统的并励直流电机的转速纹波的峰峰值等于1725.535-1725.4949=0.0401转/分钟,平均值等于1725.515转/分钟,纹波系数等于0.002324%。虽然本实施例二中的并励直流电机10和传统的并励直流电机的转速平均值相同,但是本实施例二中的并励直流电机10的转速纹波的峰峰值和纹波系数与传统的并励直流电机的比值为1/26.7。
也就是说,本实施例二中的并励直流电机10尽管和传统的并励直流电机的转矩平均值基本相同,但是本实施例二中的并励直流电机10的转矩的纹波的峰峰值和纹波系数都只有传统的并励直流电机的九分之一,减小电机的输出转矩的纹波的峰峰值和纹波系数,进而减小电机输出转速的纹波的峰峰值和纹波系数,本实施例二中的并励直流电机转速纹波系数只有传统的并励直流电机的二十六分之一,最终实现减小电机的电磁干扰、振动和噪声,提高并励直流电机和驱动装置的性能的目的。
<变形例二>
在本变形例二中,对于和实施例二相同的结构,给予相同的符号并省略相同的说明。
图16为本发明变形例二中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图。
如图16所示,本变形例中的并励式直流电机驱动装置100a′包括包括并励直流电机10、斩波器20a′、直流电源30′、传感部40以及控制部50a′。
如图16所示,斩波器20a′由与m对电刷13分别相对应的m个斩波单元21a′所构成。
每个斩波单元21a′包含相互串联连接的上桥臂211a′和下桥臂212a′以及第一电源输出端2211a′和第二电源输出端2212a′。
上桥臂211a′包含相互并联连接的p个功率开关管2111a′、与功率开关管2111a′反向并联连接的二极管210a′以及上桥臂开关控制端2110a′,下桥臂212a′包含相互并联连接的p个功率开关管2121a′、与功率开关管2121a′反向并联连接的二极管210a′以及下桥臂开关控制端2120a′,p为不小于2的整数。每一个功率开关管都具有一个控制极,每个上桥臂211a′中的所有控制极形成上桥臂开关控制端2110a′,每个下桥臂212a′中的所有控制极形成下桥臂开关控制端2120a′。
当所有上桥臂211a′的功率开关管2111a′以及所有下桥臂212a′的功率开关管2121a′具有相同的最大输出电流I 1,并励直流电机10的最大电流为I max,m满足下述条件:m>I max÷(k×p×I 1),k为并联系数,1/p<k<1。
在本变形例二中,p为2-4,并联的技术成熟、可靠,可以适当减少m的数量,减少生产制造中的工作量和复杂程度,提高产品的性价比。
第一电源输出端2211a′设置在上桥臂211a′与下桥臂212a′之间,第二电源输出端2212a′设置在下桥臂211a′与直流电源30′相连接的端部。所有斩波单元21a′的m个第一电源输出端2211a′与所有斩波单元21a′的m个第二电源输出端2212a′分别相对应地形成m对电源输出端子221a′,该m对电源输出端子221a′与m对外部接线端子151一一对应连接。
如图16所示,直流电源30′具有相互独立的m个直流电源单元31′以及从每一个直流电源单元31′所引出的m对供电输出端子,该m对供电输出端子与m个斩波单元21a′一一对应连接。每一对供电输出端子包含正极311′和负极312′,正极311′与对应的斩波单元21a′中的上桥臂211a′相连接,负极312′与对应的斩波单元21a′中的下桥臂212a′相连接。
如图16所示,控制部50a′包括控制器51a′和放大器52a′。
控制器51a′根据外部指令信号以及传感部40的输出反馈信号和电流反馈信号计算生成并输出控制信号511a′和使能信号512a′给放大器52a′。控制信号511a′包含分别与m个斩波单元21a′相对应且按照预定相位错开规则而形成的m个单元控制信号,每一个单元控制信 号包含与对应的斩波单元21a′中的两个开关控制端2110a′、2120a′相对应的两个开关控制信号5211a′、5212a′。使能信号512a′用于控制放大器52a′的工作状态。
放大器52a′在使能信号512a′的控制下进入工作状态,对每一个单元控制信号中的两个开关控制信号进行放大并提供给两个开关控制端2110a′、2120a′。该放大器52a′由相互独立的m个放大单元521a′构成,该m个放大单元521a′分别与m个斩波单元21a′相对应,每个放大单元521a′具有一个放大信号输出部,每一放大信号输出部由两个放大信号输出端5211a′、5212a′构成。每一个放大信号输出部的两个放大信号输出端5211a′、5212a′分别与对应的斩波单元21a′中的两个开关控制端2110a′、2120a′对应连接,具体为:放大信号输出端5211a′与上桥臂开关控制端2110a′相连接,放大信号输出端5212a′与下桥臂开关控制端2120a′相连接。
<实施例三>
在本实施例三中,对于和实施例一相同的结构,给予相同的符号并省略相同的说明。
图17为本发明实施例三中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;图18为本发明实施例三中m=3的状态下的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图。
如图17和图18所示,本实施例三中的并励式直流电机驱动装置100b包括并励直流电机10、斩波器20b、直流电源30、传感部40以及控制部50b。
如图17所示,斩波器20b是基于控制部50b发出的控制信号将直流电源30的恒压电压转换为平均电压可控的可变电压,并提供给并励直流电机10。该斩波器20b包括与m对电刷13分别相对应的m个斩波单元21b。本实施例中,如图18所示,斩波器20b包括3个斩波单元21b。
每个斩波单元21b包含的第一桥臂211b和第二桥臂212b、以及第一电源输出端2211b和第二电源输出端2212b,第一桥臂211b包含相互串联连接的第一上桥臂2111b和第一下桥臂2112b,第二桥臂212b包含相互串联连接的第二上桥臂2121b和第二下桥臂2122b,第一桥臂211b与第二桥臂212b相互并联连接。第一上桥臂2111b包含一个功率开关管21111b、与功率开关管反向并联联结的二极管210b以及开关控制端21110b,第一下桥臂2112b包含一个功率开关管21121b、与功率开关管反向并联联结的二极管210b以及开关控制端21120b,第二上桥臂2121b包含一个功率开关管21211b、与功率开关管反向并联连接的二极管210b以及开关控制端21210b,第二下桥臂2122b包含一个功率开关管21221b、与功率开关管反向并联联结的二极管210b以及开关控制端21220b。
当所有第一上桥臂2111b的功率开关管21111b、所有第一下桥臂2112b的功率开关管21121b、所有第二上桥臂2121b的功率开关管21211b以及所有第二下桥臂2122b的功率开关管21221b具有相同的最大输出电流I 1,并励直流电机10的最大电流为I max时,m满足下述条件:m>I max÷I 1
本实施例三中,所有功率开关管均为半控型或全控型器件,半控型器件为普通晶闸管,全控型器件为电力场效应晶体管、门极可关断晶闸管、集成门极换流晶闸管、绝缘栅双极型晶体管以及电力双极型晶体管中的任意一种。
如图17所示,第一电源输出端2211b设置在第一上桥臂2111b与第一下桥臂2112b之间,第二电源输出端2212b设置在第二上桥臂2121b与第二下桥臂2122b之间。所有斩波单元21b的m个第一电源输出端2211b与所有斩波单元21b的m个第二电源输出端2212b分别相对应地形成m对电源输出端子221b,该m对电源输出端子221b与m对外部接线端子151一一对应连接。
本实施例中,如图18所示,第一电源输出端2211b与第二电源输出端2212b相对应地形成1对电源输出端子221b,第一电源输出端2221b与第二电源输出端2222b相对应地形 成1对电源输出端子222b,第一电源输出端2231b与第二电源输出端2232b相对应地形成1对电源输出端子223b,3对电源输出端子221b、222b和223b与3对外部接线端子151、152和153一一对应连接。
如图17和图18所示,直流电源30具有与并励直流电机10的额定电压相对应的恒定电压,具有与m个斩波单元21b一一对应连接的m对供电输出端子。每一对供电输出端子包含正极311和负极312,正极311与对应的斩波单元21b中的第一上桥臂2111b和第二上桥臂2121b相连接,负极312与对应的斩波单元21b中的第一下桥臂2112b和第二下桥臂2122b相连接。
如图17和图18所示,控制部50b包括控制器51b和放大器52b。
控制器51b根据外部指令信号以及传感部40的输出反馈信号和电流反馈信号计算生成并输出控制信号511b和使能信号512b给放大器52b。控制信号511b包含分别与m个斩波单元21b相对应且按照预定相位错开规则而形成的m个单元控制信号,每一个单元控制信号包含与对应的斩波单元21b中的四个开关控制端21110b、21120b、21210b、21220b相对应的四个开关控制信号5211b、5212b、5221b、5222b。使能信号512b用于控制放大器52b的工作状态。
放大器52b在使能信号512b的控制下进入工作状态,对每一个单元控制信号中的四个开关控制信号进行放大并提供给四个开关控制端21110b、21120b、21210b、21220b。该放大器52b具有分别与m个斩波单元21b相对应的m个放大信号输出部,每一个放大信号输出部由四个放大信号输出端构成。每一个放大信号输出部的四个放大信号输出端5211b、5212b、5221b、5222b分别与对应的斩波单元21b中的四个开关控制端21110b、21120b、21210b、21220b连接,具体为:放大信号输出端5211b与第一上桥臂开关控制端21110b相连接,放大信号输出端5212b与第一下桥臂开关控制端21120b相连接,放大信号输出端5221b与第二上桥臂开关控制端21210b相连接,放大信号输出端5222b与第二下桥臂开关控制端21220b相连接。
本实施例三中,预定相位错开规则是m个单元控制信号分别对应的m个相位作为m个预定相位依次错开m分之一开关周期,在每一个斩波单元中,第一上桥臂开关控制端和第二下桥臂开关控制端所对应的两个开关控制信号设定为基准开关控制信号,该基准开关控制信号的相位根据单元控制信号所对应的预定相位而定,第一下桥臂开关控制端和第二上桥臂开关控制端所对应的两个开关控制信号与基准开关控制信号设定为互反,使得m个斩波单元的电源输出端子的输出电流的电流纹波叠加后的纹波的峰峰值减小,从而减小输出转矩和转速的纹波的峰峰值,进而提高并励直流电机的性能和寿命。当然,也可根据需要,在m为偶数时,预定相位错开规则是m个单元控制信号分别所对应的m个相位作为m个预定相位依次错开m分之二开关周期,使得空间相对的每两对电刷所对应的每两个斩波单元的电源输出端子的输出电流的电流纹波相同,从而在电机中产生力偶矩,避免由于电机输出转矩纹波不能形成力偶矩所引起的轴与轴承之间的摩擦力矩,减小轴与轴承之间的磨损,提高电机的性能和使用寿命。
下面以输出电流的电流纹波的频率都相同但相位依次错开1/3开关周期的三对电刷A1B1、A2B2和A3B3并且斩波器的开关频率均为1千赫兹为例,进行说明。
如图7所示,本实施例三中的并励直流电机三对电刷A1B1、A2B2和A3B3的输入电流纹波的峰峰值都等于99.31-87.33=11.99安培,平均值都等于93.32安培,纹波系数都等于11.99/93.32×100%=12.84%。
如图8所示,本实施例三中的并励直流电机的三个励磁绕组单元1221、1222和1223的输入电流纹波的峰峰值都等于61.97-61.37=0.60安培,平均值都等于61.67安培,纹波系数都等于0.60/61.67×100%=0.97%。
如图9所示,在稳定状态下,本实施例三中的并励直流电机的电枢电流等于三对电刷A1B1、A2B2和A3B3的电流之和,电枢电流的纹波的峰峰值为281.95-277.98=3.97安培,平均值等于279.97安培,纹波系数都等于3.97/279.97×100%=1.42%。传统的并励直流电机的电枢电流纹波的峰峰值等于297.94-261.98=35.96安培,平均值等于279.97安培,纹波系数等于35.96/279.97×100%=12.84%。虽然本实施例三中的并励直流电机和传统的并励直流电机的电枢电流平均值相同,但是本实施例三中的并励直流电机的电枢电流纹波和纹波系数都只有传统电机的九分之一。
如图10所示,在稳定状态下,本实施例三中的并励直流电机的励磁电流等于三个励磁绕组单元1221、1222和1223的电流之和,励磁电流的纹波的峰峰值为185.10-184.90=0.2安培,平均值等于185.0安培,纹波系数都等于0.2/185×100%=0.11%。传统的并励直流电机的电枢电流纹波的峰峰值等于185.9-184.1=1.8安培,平均值等于185.0安培,纹波系数等于1.8/185.0×100%=0.97%。虽然本实施例三中的并励直流电机和传统的并励直流电机的励磁电流平均值相同,但是本实施例三中的并励直流电机的励磁电流纹波和纹波系数都只有传统电机的九分之一。
在本实施例三中,L af取为1,在稳定状态下,如图11所示,本实施例三中的并励直流的电机转矩纹波的峰峰值等于52188.25-51398.38=789.87N.m,平均值等于51793.56N.m,纹波系数等于1.53%。传统的并励直流电机的转矩纹波的峰峰值等于55386.15-48229.93=7156.21N.m,平均值等于51798.89N.m,纹波系数等于13.82%。
如图12所示,在稳定状态下,本实施例三中的并励直流电机10的转速纹波的峰峰值等于1725.5157-1725.5142=0.0015转/分钟,平均值等于1725.515转/分钟,纹波系数等于0.000087%。传统的并励直流电机的转速纹波的峰峰值等于1725.535-1725.4949=0.0401转/分钟,平均值等于1725.515转/分钟,纹波系数等于0.002324%。虽然本实施例三中的并励直流电机10和传统的并励直流电机的转速平均值相同,但是本实施例三中的并励直流电机10的转速纹波的峰峰值和纹波系数与传统的并励直流电机的比值为1/26.7。
也就是说,本实施例三中的并励直流电机10尽管和传统的并励直流电机的转矩平均值基本相同,但是本实施例三中的并励直流电机10的转矩的纹波的峰峰值和纹波系数都只有传统的并励直流电机的九分之一,减小电机的输出转矩的纹波的峰峰值和纹波系数,进而减小电机输出转速的纹波的峰峰值和纹波系数,本实施例三中的并励直流电机转速纹波系数只有传统的并励直流电机的二十六分之一,最终实现减小电机的电磁干扰、振动和噪声,提高并励直流电机和驱动装置的性能的目的。
<变形例三>
在本变形例三中,对于和实施例三相同的结构,给予相同的符号并省略相同的说明。
图19为本发明变形例三中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图。
如图19所示,本变形例三中的并励式直流电机驱动装置100b′包括并励直流电机10、斩波器20b′、直流电源30′、传感部40以及控制部50b′。
如图19所示,斩波器20b′由与m对电刷13分别相对应的m个斩波单元21b′所构成。
每个斩波单元21b′包含的第一桥臂211b′和第二桥臂212b′、以及第一电源输出端2211b′和第二电源输出端2212b′。
第一上桥臂2111b′包含相互并联连接的p个功率开关管21111b′、与功率开关管反向并联联结的二极管210b′以及开关控制端21110b′,第一下桥臂2112b′包含相互并联连接的p个功率开关管21121′、与功率开关管反向并联联结的二极管210b′以及开关控制端21120b′,第二上桥臂2121b′包含相互并联连接的p个功率开关管21211b′、与功率开关管反向并联联结的二极管210b′以及开关控制端21210b′,第二下桥臂2122b′包含相互并联连接的p个功率开 关管21221b′、与功率开关管反向并联联结的二极管210b′以及开关控制端21220b′,p为不小于2的整数。每一个功率开关管都具有一个控制极,每个第一上桥臂2111b′中的所有控制极形成第一上桥臂开关控制端21110b′,每个第一下桥臂2112b′中的所有控制极形成第一下桥臂开关控制端21120b′,每个第二上桥臂2121b′中的所有控制极形成第二上桥臂开关控制端21210b′,每个第二下桥臂2122b′中的所有控制极形成第二下桥臂开关控制端21220b′。
当所有第一上桥臂2111b′的功率开关管21111b′、所有第一下桥臂2112b′的功率开关管21121b′、所有第二上桥臂2121b′的功率开关管21211b′以及所有第二下桥臂2122b′的功率开关管21221b′具有相同的最大输出电流I 1,并励直流电机的最大电流为I max,m满足下述条件:m>I max÷(k×p×I 1),k为并联系数,1/p<k<1。
在本变形例三中,p为2-4,并联的技术成熟、可靠,可以适当减少m的数量,减少生产制造中的工作量和复杂程度,提高产品的性价比。
第一电源输出端2211b′设置在第一上桥臂2111b′与第一下桥臂2112b′之间,第二电源输出端2212b′设置在第二上桥臂2121b′与第二下桥臂2122b′之间。所有斩波单元21b′的m个第一电源输出端2211b′与所有斩波单元21b′的m个第二电源输出端2212b′分别相对应地形成m对电源输出端子221b′,该m对电源输出端子221b′与m对外部接线端子151一一对应连接。
如图19所示,直流电源30′具有相互独立的m个直流电源单元31′以及从每一个直流电源单元31′所引出的m对供电输出端子,该m对供电输出端子与m个斩波单元21b′一一对应连接。每一对供电输出端子包含正极311′和负极312′,正极311′与对应的斩波单元21b′中的第一上桥臂2111b′和第二上桥臂2121b′相连接,负极312′与对应的斩波单元21b′中的第一下桥臂2112b′和第二下桥臂2122b′相连接。
如图19所示,控制部50b′包括控制器51b′和放大器52b′。
控制器51b′根据外部指令信号以及传感部40的输出反馈信号和电流反馈信号计算生成并输出控制信号511b′和使能信号512b′给放大器52b′。控制信号511b′包含分别与m个斩波单元21b′相对应且按照预定相位错开规则而形成的m个单元控制信号,每一个单元控制信号包含与对应的斩波单元21b′中的四个开关控制端21110b′、21120b′、21210b′、21220b′相对应的四个开关控制信号5211b′、5212b′、5221b′、5222b′。使能信号512b′用于控制放大器52b′的工作状态。
放大器52b′在使能信号512b′的控制下进入工作状态,对每一个单元控制信号中的四个开关控制信号进行放大并提供给四个开关控制端21110b′、21120b′、21210b′、21220b′。该放大器52b′具有分别与m个斩波单元21b′相对应的m个放大信号输出部,每一个放大信号输出部由四个放大信号输出端5211b′、5212b′、5221b′、5222b′构成。每一个放大信号输出部的四个放大信号输出端5211b′、5212b′、5221b′、5222b′分别与对应的斩波单元21b′中的四个开关控制端21110b′、21120b′、21210b′、21220b′对应连接,具体为:放大信号输出端5211b′与第一上桥臂开关控制端21110b′相连接,放大信号输出端5212b′与第一下桥臂开关控制端21120b′相连接,放大信号输出端5221b′与第二上桥臂开关控制端21210b′相连接,放大信号输出端5222b′与第二下桥臂开关控制端21220b′相连接。
实施例作用与效果
根据本实施例一至三所涉及的并励式直流电机驱动装置以及包含该并励式直流电机驱动装置的电动设备,因为斩波器具有m个斩波单元,每个斩波单元具有第一电源输出端、第二电源输出端以及w个开关控制端,控制信号包含分别与m个斩波单元相对应并且按照预定相位错开规则而形成的m个单元控制信号,每一个单元控制信号包含与对应的斩波单元中的w个开关控制端相对应的w个开关控制信号,w个开关控制端用于对应地接收w个 开关控制信号,所有斩波单元的m个第一电源输出端与所有斩波单元的m个第二电源输出端分别相对应地形成m对电源输出端子,励磁绕组部含有m个励磁绕组单元,每一个励磁绕组单元通过由包裹有绝缘层的金属线构成的绝缘导体条在至少一对主磁极上分别制成励磁线圈而形成,每个励磁绕组单元中的绝缘导体条具有一端和另一端,所有绝缘导体条的m个一端与所有电刷中的m个S极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第一接线端,同时,所有绝缘导体条的m个另一端与所有电刷中的m个N极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第二接线端;或者,所有绝缘导体条的m个一端与所有电刷中的m个N极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第一接线端,同时,所有绝缘导体条的m个另一端与所有电刷中的m个S极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第二接线端,m个第一接线端与m个第二接线端分别相对应地形成m对外部接线端子,m对外部接线端子与m对电源输出端子一一对应连接,也就是说,每对外部接线端子连接了相互并励连接的一个励磁绕组单元和一对电刷,所以,每个励磁绕组单元和对应连接的一对电刷所构成的支路是相互独立的,每条支路的电流也是独立的,每条支路都能够独立工作并由相对应的一对电源输出端子独立供电,即:每对电源输出端子只要承担一条支路的工作电流,只有电机额定输入电流的m分之一。因此,即使对于额定输入电流很大的电机,只要m足够大,每条支路的工作电流或者每对电源输出端子的输出电流就会相对应的减小,使得电源输出端子的输出电流可以小到不需要采用功率模块或并联均流技术而使用普通的功率开关管即可满足大功率高性能电机的要求,不仅降低了直流电源的成本,还降低了外部接线端子与电源输出端子之间的连接线和连接件对接触电阻和绝缘的要求,降低了生产制造的难度,有助于提高系统的可靠性和安全性。
并且,因为控制信号包含分别与m个斩波单元相对应并且按照预定相位错开规则而形成的m个开关控制信号,所以,每对电源输出端子的电流纹波的相位互不相同,从而使得m个电流纹波叠加后的纹波的峰峰值减小,进而减小了输出转矩和转速的纹波的峰峰值,提高了并励直流电机的性能和寿命。
综上,本发明的并励式直流电机驱动装置结构简单、连接线短、生产工艺简单,制造容易,维修方便,生产成本和维护成本低,具有结构设计合理、简单、可靠性和安全性高等优点,使得该发明不但可以应用于电动汽车、电动搬运车、轨道车、观光游览车、货车、船舶等大负荷电动设备,而且还可以应用于数控机床和潜艇等高性能电动设备。
此外,因为每一个励磁绕组单元中的绝缘导体条形成在m对主磁极上,所以,在电机中的电刷、励磁绕组单元、连接线出现故障时,只需要把故障所在部分屏蔽即可,其他正常部分依然可以工作,避免出现传统并励直流电机的突然失控现象,提高了系统的可靠性和安全性。
另外,因为实施例一中的上桥臂包含一个功率开关管、下桥臂包含一个二极管,实施例二中的上桥臂、下桥臂只包含一个功率开关管以及与功率开关管反向并联连接的二极管,实施例三中的第一上桥臂、第一下桥臂、第二上桥臂以及第二下桥臂都只包含一个功率开关管以及与功率开关管反向并联连接的二极管,所以,实施例一至三中的斩波器结构简单,可靠,安全性高,控制容易实现,成本低。
此外,因为变形例一中的上桥臂包含相互并联连接的p个功率开关管,变形例二中的上桥臂、下桥臂分别包含相互并联连接的p个功率开关管,变形例三中的第一上桥臂、第一下桥臂、第二上桥臂以及第二下桥臂分别包含相互并联连接的p个功率开关管,p为不小于2的正整数,所以,在电机的额定电流一定的情况下,相对于p等于1的情况,特别是p为2-4这种情况,由于技术相对可靠稳定,能够在一定程度上增大每个斩波单元的输出电流,进而能够相应的减小m的数值,不仅可以减少电刷个数,减少电机的电源线数量和斩波单元输出线的数量,减轻维修和维护难度,而且还适当降低生产成本。而且还可以增加散热面积,减小温升,提高可靠性和寿命。
另外,因为变形例一至三中的直流电源具有相互独立的m个直流电源单元,每个直流电源单元引出一对供电输出端子,所以,当某一个直流电源单元的供电输出端子或者连接线出现故障时,只需要把故障所在部分屏蔽即可,其他正常部分依然可以工作,不但可以避免传统并励直流电机在故障情况下的突然失控现象,提高系统的可靠性和安全性,而且在故障中,并励直流电机还可以输出较大的有效转矩,使其仍维持在工作状态。并且,在供电方面,由多个独立相对小容量的直流电源单元代替了单个的大容量直流电源,与传统并联电池组相比,在电源单体数量相同的情况下,减小了电源由于并联引起的整体性能衰减,提高了能量密度、功率、性能、耐久性和安全性,可以为电动设备的续航和性能提供更好的保障。
此外,因为变形例一至三中的放大器由相互独立的m个放大单元构成,每一个放大单元对应连接着一个斩波单元、一个励磁绕组单元和一对电刷,所以,当任意一个放大单元、斩波单元、电刷、励磁绕组产生故障时,本发明的并励式直流电机驱动装置通过计算电流传感器检测到的电流值并判断出发生故障的放大单元、斩波单元、电刷、励磁绕组后,控制部输出使能信号令对应的放大单元停止工作,从而将损坏的放大单元、斩波单元、电刷、励磁绕组进行屏蔽隔离,避免故障的进一步扩大,保证电动驱动装置和电动设备可以继续正常工作或轻载运行,大幅度地减小了电动设备、特别是高速运行的电动设备安全事故发生的概率。
上述实施方式为本发明的优选案例,并不用来限制本发明的保护范围。
例如,在上述实施方式中,并励直流电机中的励磁绕组单元是通过绝缘导体条在m对主磁极上分别制成励磁线圈而形成的,然而,励磁绕组单元也可以通过绝缘导体条在一对主磁极上分别制成励磁线圈而形成。下面以对实施例一中的励磁绕组部的变形为例,进行说明。
图20为本发明变形例中的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;图21为本发明变形例中m=3的状态下的并励式直流电机驱动装置的电路连接示意图;图22为本发明变形例中的并励直流电机的横向剖面电路连接示意图。
如图20至图22所示,并励式直流电机驱动装置100c中的定子12c包含m对主磁极121并且包含一个励磁绕组部122c。
每一对主磁极121含有S极性主磁极1211和N极性主磁极1212。在所有主磁极121中,相邻的两个主磁极121的极性相反。
励磁绕组部122c含有m个励磁绕组单元1221c,该m个励磁绕组单元1221c与m对主磁极121分别相对应。每一个励磁绕组单元1221c通过由包裹有绝缘层的金属线构成的绝缘导体条在相对应的一对主磁极121上分别制成励磁线圈12211c而形成。绝缘导体条为漆包线和绝缘铜导条中的任意一种,绝缘导体条为漆包线。各个主磁极121上的励磁线圈12211c的匝数相同,使得电机在正常工作时的磁场均匀,力矩恒定。
每个励磁绕组单元1221c中的绝缘导体条具有沿励磁线圈12211c的预设电流方向而区分的一端和另一端,每一对主磁极121中的S极性主磁极1211和N极性主磁极1212与励磁线圈12211c的绕制方向和励磁线圈12211c的预设电流方向相对应。相邻两个主磁极121的励磁线圈12211c的电流环绕方向相反。
在每个励磁绕组单元1221c中,两个励磁线圈12211c的连接关系是串联和并联中的任意一种,而且各个励磁绕组单元1221c中的两个励磁线圈12211c的连接关系相同。本实施例四中,两个励磁线圈12211c的连接关系是串联。
每一对电刷13与相对应的每一对主磁极121的空间位置相对应,能够使得电枢绕组中的磁场强度在非对应的其他励磁绕组单元发生故障时保持最大,从而可以产生最大的力矩。
因为m个励磁绕组单元与m对主磁极分别相对应,每一个励磁绕组单元中的绝缘导体条形成在相对应的一对主磁极上,在电机中的电刷、励磁绕组单元、连接线出现故障时,只需要把故障所在部分屏蔽即可,其他正常部分依然可以工作,并且由于非故障部分的励磁绕 组单元所激励磁场主要作用于相对应的电刷所连接的电枢绕组支路,不但可以避免传统并励直流电机在故障情况下的突然失控现象,提高系统的可靠性和安全性,而且在故障中,并励直流电机还可以输出较大的有效转矩,使其仍维持在工作状态。
又如,实施例一和变形例一中的下桥臂包含1个续流二极管,实施例二和变形例二中的上桥臂、下桥臂分别包含一个与功率开关管反向并联的二极管,实施例三和变形例三中的第一上桥臂、第一下桥臂、第二上桥臂以及第二下桥臂分别包含一个与功率开关管反向并联的二极管。但是,在本发明中,对应的上桥臂、下桥臂、第一上桥臂、第一下桥臂、第二上桥臂以及第二下桥臂也可以包含相互并联联结的多个续流二极管,在这种情况下,当任意一个续流二极管发生故障时,其余二极管也可正常工作,有助于提高系统的可靠性和安全性。
又如,在实施例一至三中,若需要本发明的并励式直流电机驱动系统正常工作,放大器必须处于工作模式,因此,也可以不对放大器施加使能信号。
又如,在对并励直流电机稳态运行时的电枢电流、转速以及转矩要求精度较高的场合下,m也可根据相应的电枢电流、转速以及转矩纹波的峰峰值与纹波系数设置。
再如,实施例二和变形例二中的上桥臂和下桥臂以及实施例三和变形例三中的第一上桥臂、第一下桥臂、第二上桥臂以及第二下桥臂也可以为功率开关器件,该功率开关器件等效于功率开关管以及与该功率开关管反向并联的二极管。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于,包括:
    并励直流电机,具有额定电压;
    直流电源,具有与所述额定电压相对应的恒定电压;以及
    斩波器,基于控制信号将所述恒定电压转换为可变电压并提供给所述并励直流电机,
    其中,所述斩波器具有m个斩波单元,
    每个所述斩波单元具有第一电源输出端、第二电源输出端以及w个开关控制端,
    所述控制信号包含分别与所述m个斩波单元相对应并且按照预定相位错开规则而形成的m个单元控制信号,
    每一个所述单元控制信号包含与对应的所述斩波单元中的所述w个开关控制端相对应的w个开关控制信号,
    所述w个开关控制端用于对应地接收所述w个开关控制信号,
    所有所述斩波单元的m个所述第一电源输出端与所有所述斩波单元的m个所述第二电源输出端分别相对应地形成m对电源输出端子,
    所述并励直流电机包括:
    机壳;
    m对电刷,固定在所述机壳内;
    定子,设置在所述机壳内,包含与m对所述电刷相对应的m对主磁极并且包含一个励磁绕组部;以及
    转子,设置在所述定子内,包含采用预定的联结方式进行相互联结的多个电枢绕组,
    每一对所述主磁极含有S极性主磁极和N极性主磁极,
    相邻的两个所述主磁极的极性不同,
    每一对所述电刷中的两个所述电刷的位置相邻,
    每一对所述电刷含有一个与S极性主磁极相对应的S极对应电刷和一个与N极性主磁极相对应的N极对应电刷,
    所述励磁绕组部含有m个励磁绕组单元,
    每一个所述励磁绕组单元通过由包裹有绝缘层的金属线构成的绝缘导体条在至少一对所述主磁极上分别制成励磁线圈而形成,
    每个所述励磁绕组单元中的所述绝缘导体条具有一端和另一端,
    所有所述绝缘导体条的m个所述一端与所有所述电刷中的m个所述S极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第一接线端,同时,所有所述绝缘导体条的m个所述另一端与所有所述电刷中的m个所述N极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第二接线端;或者,所有所述绝缘导体条的m个所述一端与所有所述电刷中的m个所述N极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第一接线端,同时,所有所述绝缘导体条的m个所述另一端与所有所述电刷中的m个所述S极对应电刷电气连接形成m个第二接线端,
    所述m个第一接线端与所述m个第二接线端分别相对应地形成m对外部接线端子,
    所述m对外部接线端子与所述m对电源输出端子一一对应连接,
    所述m为不小于2的正整数,所述w为1、2或4。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,所述w为1,
    每个斩波单元还具有相互串联连接的上桥臂和下桥臂,
    所述上桥臂与所述直流电源的正极相连接,所述下桥臂与所述直流电源的负极相连接,
    所述上桥臂包含至少一个功率开关管以及所述开关控制端,
    每一个所述功率开关管具有一个控制极,
    所述开关控制端基于所述控制极而形成,
    所述下桥臂包含至少一个二极管,
    所述第一电源输出端设置在所述上桥臂与所述下桥臂之间,所述第二电源输出端设置在 所述下桥臂与所述直流电源相连接的端部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,所述预定相位错开规则是所述m个开关控制信号的相位分别依次错开m分之一开关周期;或者,
    所述m为偶数,
    所述预定相位错开规则是所述m个开关控制信号的相位分别依次错开m分之二开关周期。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,所述w为2,
    每个斩波单元还具有相互串联连接的上桥臂和下桥臂,
    所述上桥臂与所述直流电源的正极相连接,所述下桥臂与所述直流电源的负极相连接,
    所述上桥臂和所述下桥臂分别包含至少一个功率开关管、与所述功率开关管反向并联连接的至少一个二极管以及所述开关控制端,
    每一个所述功率开关管具有一个控制极,
    所述开关控制端基于所述控制极而形成,
    所述上桥臂中的所述开关控制端作为上桥臂开关控制端、所述下桥臂中的所述开关控制端作为下桥臂开关控制端用于对应地接收两个所述开关控制信号,
    所述第一电源输出端设置在所述上桥臂与所述下桥臂之间,所述第二电源输出端设置在所述下桥臂与所述直流电源相连接的端部。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,所述预定相位错开规则是所述m个单元控制信号分别对应的m个相位作为m个预定相位依次错开m分之一开关周期,
    在每一个斩波单元中,所述上桥臂开关控制端所对应的所述开关控制信号设定为基准开关控制信号,该基准开关控制信号的相位根据所述单元控制信号所对应的所述预定相位而定,所述下桥臂开关控制端所对应的所述开关控制信号与所述基准开关控制信号设定为互反;或者,
    所述m为偶数,
    所述预定相位错开规则是所述m个单元控制信号分别所对应的m个相位作为m个预定相位依次错开m分之二开关周期,
    在每一个斩波单元中,所述上桥臂开关控制端所对应的所述开关控制信号设定为基准开关控制信号,该基准开关控制信号的相位根据所述单元控制信号所对应的所述预定相位而定,所述下桥臂开关控制端所对应的所述开关控制信号与所述基准开关控制信号设定为互反。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,所述w为4,
    每个所述斩波单元还具有相互并联连接的第一桥臂和第二桥臂,
    所述第一桥臂包含相互串联连接的第一上桥臂和第一下桥臂,所述第二桥臂包含相互串联连接的第二上桥臂和第二下桥臂,
    所述第一上桥臂以及所述第二上桥臂都与所述直流电源的正极相连接,所述第一下桥臂以及所述第二下桥臂都与所述直流电源的负极相连接,
    所述第一上桥臂、所述第一下桥臂、所述第二上桥臂以及所述第二下桥臂分别包含至少一个功率开关管、与所述功率开关管反向并联连接的至少一个二极管以及所述开关控制端,
    每一个所述功率开关管具有一个控制极,
    所述开关控制端基于所述控制极而形成,
    所述第一上桥臂中的所述开关控制端作为第一上桥臂开关控制端、所述第一下桥臂中的所述开关控制端作为第一下桥臂开关控制端、所述第二上桥臂中的所述开关控制端作为第二上桥臂开关控制端、所述第二下桥臂中的所述开关控制端作为第二下桥臂开关控制端用于对应地接收四个所述开关控制信号,
    所述第一电源输出端设置在所述第一上桥臂与所述第一下桥臂之间,所述第二电源输出端设置在所述第二上桥臂与所述第二下桥臂之间。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,所述预定相位错开规则是所述m个单元控制信号分别所对应的m个相位作为m个预定相位依次错开m分之一开关周期,
    在每一个斩波单元中,所述第一上桥臂开关控制端和所述第二下桥臂开关控制端所对应的两个所述开关控制信号设定为基准开关控制信号,该基准开关控制信号的相位根据所述单元控制信号所对应的所述预定相位而定,所述第一下桥臂开关控制端和所述第二上桥臂开关控制端所对应的两个所述开关控制信号与所述基准开关控制信号设定为互反;或者,
    所述m为偶数,
    所述预定相位错开规则是所述m个单元控制信号分别所对应的m个相位作为m个预定相位依次错开m分之二开关周期,
    在每一个斩波单元中,所述第一上桥臂开关控制端和所述第二下桥臂开关控制端所对应的两个所述开关控制信号设定为基准开关控制信号,该基准开关控制信号的相位根据所述单元控制信号所对应的所述预定相位而定,所述第一下桥臂开关控制端和所述第二上桥臂开关控制端所对应的两个所述开关控制信号与所述基准开关控制信号设定为互反。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,所述直流电源具有m对与所述m个斩波单元分别相连接的供电输出端子。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,所述直流电源由相互独立的m个直流电源单元构成,每个直流电源单元具有一对所述供电输出端子。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于,还包括:
    控制部,包括控制器和放大器,
    其中,所述控制器根据所述预定相位错开规则生成所述m个单元控制信号,
    所述放大器对每一个所述单元控制信号中的所述w个开关控制信号进行放大并提供给对应的所述斩波单元中的w个所述开关控制端。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,所述w为1,
    所述放大器由相互独立的m个放大单元构成,该m个放大单元分别与所述m个斩波单元相对应,
    每个所述放大单元都具有一个与所述开关控制端对应连接的放大信号输出端。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,所述w为2或4,
    所述放大器由相互独立的m个放大单元构成,该m个放大单元分别与所述m个斩波单元相对应,
    每个所述放大单元设有一个放大信号输出部,该放大信号输出部由w个放大信号输出端构成。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,所述控制器还生成与所述m个放大单元分别相对应的m个使能信号,每一个所述使能信号用于控制对应的所述放大单元的工作状态。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,所述m个励磁绕组单元与m对所述主磁极分别相对应,
    每一个所述励磁绕组单元中的所述绝缘导体条形成在相对应的一对主磁极上。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,各个所述主磁极上的所述励磁线圈的匝数相同,
    每一对所述主磁极与相对应的一对所述电刷的空间位置相对应,
    在每个所述励磁绕组单元中,两个所述励磁线圈的连接关系是串联和并联中的任意一种,
    各个所述励磁绕组单元中的两个所述励磁线圈的连接关系相同。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,每一个所述励磁绕组单元中的所述绝缘导体条形成在所述m对主磁极上。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,各个所述主磁极上的m个所述励磁线圈的绕制方向和匝数相同,
    在每个所述励磁绕组单元中,2m个所述励磁线圈的连接关系是串联、并联和串并联中的任意一种,
    各个所述励磁绕组单元中的2m个所述励磁线圈的连接关系相同。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置,其特征在于:
    其中,所述预定的联结方式是单叠、复叠和复波中的任意一种。
  19. 一种电动设备,其特征在于,包括:
    并励式直流电机驱动装置,
    其中,所述并励式直流电机驱动装置为权利要求1~18中任意一项所述的并励式直流电机驱动装置。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电动设备,其特征在于:
    其中,所述电动设备为轧钢机、电力机车、大型机床主轴传动系统以及船舶中的任意一种。
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